资源简介

Period 3　Grammar and usage—Verb-ing forms as attributives，adverbials and object complements
阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并完成下面的练习
①Living far from school，Tom has to take a bus to school every day.One day，he found the man ②standing next to him ③stealing a wallet from a young lady.Tom told it to the bus driver in a whisper.As soon as the bus arrived at the next stop，he found two policemen ④waiting for the thief.They arrested him while passengers watched in surprise.The lady，⑤realizing what happened，thanked Tom.
自主发现
Verb-ing形式作定语的有②；作状语的有①⑤；作宾语补足语的有③④。
动词-ing形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语
一、动词-ing形式的基本形式及意义
基本形式 构成 意义
一般式 doing 表示动作正在进行或与谓语动作同时发生
完成式 having done 强调动作已经发生或者发生在谓语动作之前
否定式 not doing/not having done 一般式的否定式/完成式的否定式
被动式 being done/ having been done 一般式的被动式/完成式的被动式
二、动词-ing形式作定语
1．单个的动词-ing形式常作前置定语，一般有两种含义。
(1)说明被修饰的名词的用途和性能
a reading room＝a room which is used for reading阅览室
running shoes＝shoes for running跑鞋
(2)表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态
developing countries＝countries that are developing发展中国家
an ordinary-looking comic＝a comic that looks ordinary一名长相普通的喜剧演员
2．动词-ing形式短语作定语，常置于被修饰的名词之后。
Culture is also passed on among people of the same time or among people belonging to different populations.文化也在同一时代的人之间或属于不同种族的人口之间传递。
Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise.
告诉那些在那里玩的男孩别制造噪声。
3．动词-ing形式作定语，有被动形式。
Do you know anything about the new film being shot
你对这部正在拍摄的新电影有了解吗？
三、动词-ing形式作状语
(一)动词-ing形式作状语的类型
1．作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)
Walking in the park，she saw an old friend.
＝When/While (she was) walking in the park，she saw an old friend.
当她在公园里散步时，她看到了一个老朋友。
注意：当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加上when/while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。
2．作原因状语(一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句)
Being ill，he couldn’t go to school.
＝As he was ill，he couldn’t go to school.
因为生病了，他无法去上学。
3．作条件状语(一般放在句首，可转换成由if或unless引导的条件状语从句)
Working hard，you’ll make great progress.
＝If you work hard，you’ll make great progress.
如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。
4．作结果状语
动词-ing形式作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。
The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing more patients to be treated.
这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能得到治疗。
注意：动词-ing形式作结果状语，是随着谓语动作的发生而产生的自然结果，有时前面可加上副词thus，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较：
He was caught in the rain，thus making himself catch a cold.
被雨淋后他感冒了。
I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。
5．作让步、方式和伴随状语
动词-ing形式作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，此时相当于一个并列句。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom，reading a book.
＝Mary sat by the window of the classroom and she was reading a book.
玛丽坐在教室的窗边读着一本书。
注意：为强调动词-ing形式表达的意义，可在其前加上各种连词。例如，加上when，while，强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生；加上before，after，强调动作先后发生；加上(al)though，强调让步等。
Though knowing all this，they made me pay for the damage.
尽管他们了解这一切，但还是让我赔偿损失。
(二)动词-ing形式作状语的注意点
1．动词-ing形式的完成式(having done)作状语
当动词-ing形式的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，动词-ing形式用完成式，并且完成式只能作状语。
Having removed all the exam stress，she finally enjoyed a peaceful summer vacation.
摆脱了考试压力后，她终于享受了一个宁静的暑假。(remove是先发生的动作，enjoy是后发生的动作)
Having worked for three hours，he took a rest.(work的动作发生在take a rest 的动作之前)
工作了三个小时之后，他休息了一会。
注意：当现在分词和句子主语之间是被动关系时要用被动形式。
Having been shown around the factory，they were very happy.
被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。
2．动词-ing形式的否定式：not doing；not having done
Not knowing this，he didn’t come.
他不知道这件事，所以没来。
Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting.
因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。
四、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词-ing形式常在以下结构中作宾语补足语：
1．表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，look at，listen to等)＋sb/sth＋doing sth
I felt somebody standing behind me.
我感觉有人站在我后面。
I saw the little boy crying there.
我看到小男孩在那里哭。
2．表示指使意义的使役动词(have，keep，get，leave等)＋sb/sth＋doing sth
His parents always had him delivering newspapers.
他的家长总是让他送报纸。
Please don’t leave the water running all the time.
请不要让水一直流着。
注意：使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语表示“让……一直做某事”；接不定式作宾语补足语表示“让……做某事”。
The boss made his workers work 12 hours a day.老板让他的工人们每天工作12 个小时。
3．with复合结构
I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on.由于噪声不断，我没法做家庭作业。
With so many people looking at her，she felt nervous.这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。
Ⅰ.写出下列句子中动词-ing形式(短语)所作成分
1．A big fire broke out in that district，killing a lot of people.结果状语
2．They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱)．定语
3．They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.宾语补足语
4．Working harder at English，you’ll make your life abroad easier.条件状语
5．Suddenly we heard someone knocking gently on the window.宾语补足语
6．She sat at the desk reading a story.伴随状语
7．The student talking with the foreigners over there is my brother.定语
8．Having spent all his money，the boy had to give his mother a call.原因状语
Ⅱ.用本单元的语法完成下面短文
Knowing some techniques of first aid is of great importance.There are always some minor accidents 1.happening in our daily routine(发生在我们的日常生活中).2.Facing the unexpected situation(面对意想不到的情形)，we ought to stay calm and give first aid to the injured.When you hear someone 3.screaming for help(呼救)，you can offer assistance to them with your first-aid skills.4. Having a good command of first-aid skills(精通急救技巧)，you can benefit a lot from it.
作业3　Grammar and usage
[分值74.5分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共8小题；每小题1.5分，满分12分)
1．I won’t have you running(run) about in the room.
2．I hurried to the bus stop，only to find(find) the last bus had gone.
3．I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting(wait) for it to open.
4．Now，there are billions of people in the world using(use) the Internet.
5．Could you tell me where you have got such an amusing(amuse) story
6．Soon emojis took off throughout the world in the following(follow) years.
7．The manager came into the meeting room with his secretary following(follow) behind.
8．Surfing(surf) the Internet，you must be aware of network security and follow the Internet safety guidelines.
Ⅱ.完成句子(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)
1．公园旁边正在建的那栋建筑物是一座博物馆。
The building being built beside the park is a museum.
2．一架小型飞机撞上山坡，造成机上4人死亡。
A small plane crashed into a hillside，killing four people on board.
3．我看电视时听到有人敲门。
I heard someone knocking at the door when I was watching TV.
4．现在正在讨论的这个问题非常重要。
The question being discussed now is of great importance.
5．他住在那座城市时交了几个好朋友。
When living in that city，he made several good friends.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
I think it all started with microwaves.A typical microwave can cook an entire chicken in 16 minutes.That’s 3 times faster than the best convection oven(对流烤箱)．We still stand in front of microwaves，impatiently tapping our feet，waiting for popcorn to pop.
Modern consumer technology and the Internet have only amplified that convenience impatience.We have emails that literally travel around the world in seconds，and yet we still ask the recipient: Did you get it Where is it It should be there.A file that takes more than 10 seconds to download is considered a crime.
And we’re suddenly faced with a digital queue.The system can’t serve us all at once and asks us to wait.But waiting is a chain in our DNA that is breaking up.This leads to the toe tapping，fingers pianoing on the desk，pen chewing，and eventually hair-pulling as if the thought of waiting a few minutes will drive us mad.
Millennials and Gen Z are products of an instant-response childhood.They’ve long lived in a world where their every thought is met with instant response in texts and social media.In real life，these same people have no idea how to wait for a response.The assumption(设想) is that real world works exactly the same as digital.But the system in a company or government doesn’t move at anything near digital speed.In fact，it often moves as slowly as it did in the pre-Internet age.There’s a disconnection between these waits and most of our lives lived through technology.
We are biology living in a digital space，enjoying the benefits of instant answers and access，but unable to change our own programming to match its speed.Operating at digital and Internet speed is a great benefit，but we forget that somewhere in the instant access path is often a comparatively slow-moving and slow-thinking human，who can only do so much，and only at a certain pace.
When people say slow down and take a breath，they usually mean that you should step back from a busy moment.But this should also include stepping back from your instant-access existence to see that not everything can happen right away.Most of the time，it just doesn’t need to.
语篇解读　这是一篇议论文，本文讨论了现代科技与互联网带来的便利使人们变得更加急躁，无法耐心等待，尤其是那些习惯于即时回应的千禧一代和Z世代。文章建议我们适应现实世界中的等待，并认识到并非所有事情都需要立即完成。
1．What does the underlined word “amplified” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Balanced. B．Worsened.
C．Maintained. D．Weakened.
答案　B
解析　词义猜测题。画线词下文“We have emails that literally travel around the world in seconds，and yet we still ask the recipient: Did you get it Where is it It should be there.A file that takes more than 10 seconds to download is considered a crime.”用人们对邮件传输和文件下载速度的不耐烦来解释与印证画线词所在句的意义，即现代消费科技和互联网进一步加剧了人们的不耐烦，可推知画线词表示“使恶化，加剧”。故选B。
2．What is people’s reaction towards a digital queue
A．They lose patience to wait.
B．They get embarrassed.
C．They enjoy waiting to be served.
D．They consider it as normal.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“But waiting is a chain in our DNA that is breaking up.This leads to the toe tapping，fingers pianoing on the desk，pen chewing，and eventually hair-pulling as if the thought of waiting a few minutes will drive us mad.”可知，人们面对线上排队的时候会有种种不耐烦的表现，即失去了等待的耐心，故选A。
3．What do we know about Millennials and Gen Z
A．They are lacking in social experience.
B．They desire for immediate responses.
C．They are deeply influenced by the social media.
D．They have a good understanding of the real word.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Millennials and Gen Z are products of an instant-response childhood.They’ve long lived in a world where their every thought is met with instant response in texts and social media.In real life，these same people have no idea how to wait for a response.”可知，千禧一代和Z世代渴望得到即时回应，故选B。
4．What can be concluded from the text
A．Accept things happen at their own pace.
B．Go for instant response at any time.
C．Make sure everything happens right away.
D．Step back to see what has happened.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“...stepping back from your instant-access existence to see that not everything can happen right away.Most of the time，it just doesn’t need to.”可知，我们应该明白并非所有事情都能马上发生，而且大多数时候事情也没必要马上发生，因此，我们应该学会接受万事皆有自己的节奏，故选A。
B(此篇精读)
Teenagers who spend more than three hours a day on social media may have doubled the risk(风险) of mental health problems compared with those who avoid it，research suggests.
The study of more than 6,000 teenagers aged 13 to 17 found those who used social media more heavily were more likely to report situations such as sadness，anxiety and loneliness，as well as aggression(攻击性) and anti-social actions，than teenagers who did not use social media.The findings held true even when researchers took into account① mental health problems experienced by young persons in the year before their social media use.
Some existing② studies haven’t proved poorer mental health caused by the use of smart products.Dr.RinaDutta，Clinical Senior Lecturer at King’s College London，said，“A main strength of this study compared to present research is that the researchers took into consideration mental health problems the young people already had a year before the measurement of social media use.This largely overcomes the ‘what came first—mental health problems or high social media use？’ question”．
The study looked at two types of actions that can show mental health problems：Internalizing(内化) and externalizing(外化)．Internalizing can include social disconnection③ or difficulty dealing with anxiety or sadness.Externalizing can include aggression or breaking instructions.The study found that fewer than 17 percent of teenagers did not use social media.Of those who did,32 percent spent less than 30 minutes a day；about 31 percent spent 30 minutes to 3 hours；12 percent spent 3 to 6 hours and 8 percent spent more than 6 hours per day.
Lead author Kira Riehm said，“Social media does have the ability to connect teenagers who may be unsociable④ in their daily life.But we need to find a better way to balance the benefits of social media with possible harmful health results.”
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了社交媒体的过多使用会增加青少年心理健康问题的风险。
5．What does the research aim to prove
A．The advantages and disadvantages of social media.
B．The mental health problems experienced by teenagers.
C．The connection between mental health and screen time.
D．The sadness，anxiety and loneliness caused by social media.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，研究发现，与不使用社交媒体的青少年相比，频繁使用社交媒体的青少年更有可能出现悲伤、焦虑、孤独、攻击性和反社会行为等情况；即使研究人员考虑到年轻人在使用社交媒体前一年经历的心理健康问题，这一发现仍然成立，因此这项研究旨在证明心理健康和屏幕使用时间之间的联系。故选C项。
6．What’s the advantage of the research compared to existing studies
A．It supports less use of social media.
B．It includes more subjects⑤ than before.
C．It reports health risks due to screen time.
D．It considers former mental health problems.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“A main strength of this study...the young people already had a year before the measurement of social media use.”可知，与目前的研究相比，这项研究的主要优势在于研究人员在评估社交媒体使用情况之前就考虑了年轻人已经有的心理健康问题。故选D项。
7．Which might be one of the internalizing actions
A．Fighting against others.
B．Challenging traditional rules.
C．Refusing to complete tasks.
D．Being afraid of talking to people.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Internalizing can include social disconnection or difficulty dealing with anxiety or sadness.”可知，内化包括与社会脱节或难以处理焦虑或悲伤的情绪，害怕与人交谈是与社会脱节的行为表现，属于内化行为。故选D项。
8．Which statement on social media will Kira Riehm agree with
A．Its role needs to be considered carefully.
B．It is necessary for life.
C．It influences people differently.
D．Its benefits come before its risks.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Lead author Kira Riehm said，‘Social media does have the ability...balance the benefits of social media with possible harmful health results.’”可知，基拉·里厄姆认为，社交媒体确实有能力将那些在日常生活中不善交际的青少年联系起来，但我们需要找到一种更好的方法来平衡社交媒体的好处和可能对健康造成的害处，因此我们应当仔细斟酌社交媒体的作用。故选A项。
[语境猜词]
①take...into account/consideration把……考虑在内
②existing(派)＝exist＋ing adj.现存的
③disconnection(派)＝dis＋connection n．断开，分离
④unsociable(派)＝un＋soci(ety)＋able adj.不爱交际的，不合群的
⑤subject 熟义：n.话题；学科　生义(文义)：n.线外实验对象
[句式分析]
Teenagers who spend more than three hours a day on social media may have doubled the risk of mental health problems compared with those who avoid it，research suggests.
分析：此句为复合句。“Teenagers...those who avoid it”为省略了that的宾语从句；“who spend more than three hours a day on social media”为定语从句，修饰Teenagers；“compared with those who avoid it”为过去分词短语作状语，状语内又包含一个修饰those的定语从句who avoid it。
翻译：研究表明，每天花在社交媒体上的时间超过3小时的青少年患心理健康问题的风险可能是不用社交媒体的青少年的两倍。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
For most of us，a large part of our work requires us to look at the screen for a long time. 1 Sadly，too much screen time can cause eye damage and affect our mood.While it is impossible to escape the screen completely，there are ways to reduce the time you place your eyes and brain under the screen strain.
2 But constant chatting means our eyes are down on our phones and other devices for long.If possible，try and schedule phone calls with distant loved ones and make face-to-face catch-up with closer relatives.“In-person meetings provide a sense of connection and empathy that is difficult to replace via video，” Paul Axtell，corporate trainer and author of the book Meetings Matter，told The Washington Post.
Keeping up to date on your social media channels is fun and socially very important for many users.But these channels can also be a big time waster for many people. 3 The next step is to gradually reduce this，particularly on days when screen usage is high for other reasons.
If you live with someone else，you can try to take on your screen time together.Establish certain areas in your home，or time periods in the day，where you both agree to stay off of your phone. 4 Consider doing some hobbies together，like cooking dinner or playing a board game.
One of the biggest tech no-no’s that people commonly commit is bringing phones，computers，and more into bed with them.Don’t charge your phone next to your bed，as it will cause you to check for messages or even the time if you wake up during the night. 5
A．One of the useful strategies is setting clear boundaries.
B．Try to limit how much time per day you will spend on social media.
C．You need regain control over the time spent on these digital devices.
D．Many of our online time-killing activities also add to the screen time.
E．Looking at the phone’s screen just before bed can affect your sleep too.
F．During that time，you can enjoy some face-to-face communication instead.
G．The Internet gives us various ways to stay in touch with friends and family.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了长时间盯着电子屏幕的影响以及一些可以减少你在电子屏幕前的时间的方法。
1．答案　D
解析　上文“For most of us，a large part of our work requires us to look at the screen for a long time.”提到大部分工作都需要我们长时间盯着屏幕，下文“Sadly，too much screen time can cause eye damage and affect our mood.”说明看屏幕太久会带来消极影响。D项(许多消磨时间的在线活动也增加了我们看屏幕的时间)承上启下。故选D。
2．答案　G
解析　下文“But constant chatting means our eyes are down on our phones and other devices for long.”提到互联网聊天的消极影响，且与上文形成转折关系，由此可推知，空格处内容应说明互联网聊天积极的一面。G项(互联网为我们提供了各种与朋友和家人保持联系的方式)符合语境。故选G。
3．答案　B
解析　上文“But these channels can also be a big time waster for many people.”提到社交媒体频道会浪费大量时间，下文“The next step is to gradually reduce this，particularly on days when screen usage is high for other reasons.”提到下一步是逐渐减少这种情况，B项(尝试限制你每天花在社交媒体上的时间)承上启下。故选B。
4．答案　F
解析　上文“Establish certain areas in your home，or time periods in the day，where you both agree to stay off of your phone.”提到与同住人约定在特定区域或者特定时间段远离手机。下文“Consider doing some hobbies together，like cooking dinner or playing a board game.”提到具体的一些做法，F项(在这段时间里，你可以享受面对面的交流)承接上文，给出方法，并引出下文的具体做法，上下文语意连贯。故选F。
5．答案　E
解析　上文“Don’t charge your phone next to your bed，as it will cause you to check for messages or even the time if you wake up during the night.”提到在床边给手机充电有负面影响，E项(睡前看手机屏幕也会影响你的睡眠)介绍另一个把手机带到床上的负面影响，承接上文，符合语境。故选E。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Many people attach great importance to saving money.Back in 1924，in Italy，a group of people 1. (think) the inability to resist spending became a major social problem.They thus started a day to remind people to put away some money for a rainy day.This is 2.________________ World Saving Day，held on Oct.31st annually，was started，and it’s still going strong now.
Not surprisingly，a movement 3. (target) the poor was started.People in the 4._______________(underdevelop) world are more open to calls to be careful with money.But 5._____________ idea of being thrifty(节俭的) has also become popular among the rich.Take Mark Zuckerberg 6. example.As one of the world’s 7. (rich) people，he doesn’t spend very much money on himself.
Other people don’t spend money because they don’t like the culture of consumption.This is connected to the view that we should make ourselves happy through the 8. (activity) we take part in，rather than with what we buy.
But however we view money，moderate spending is certainly a good idea when we are still too young 9. (get) a job.There is a British saying 10. offers some good advice in this situation：“Look after the pennies，and the pounds will look after themselves.”
语篇解读　这是一篇议论文，主要讨论了如今人们对金钱的看法，作者建议人们在年轻时应当适度消费。
1．答案　thought
解析　考查时态。根据时间状语“Back in 1924”可知句子是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填thought。
2．答案　how
解析　考查表语从句。空处位于系动词is后，引导表语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，故填how。
3．答案　targeting
解析　考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语，target“面向”与所修饰的词a movement之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作定语，故填targeting。
4．答案　underdeveloped
解析　考查形容词。分析句子可知，空处应填形容词作定语，意为“不发达的”，修饰名词world，故填underdeveloped。
5．答案　the
解析　考查冠词。根据“of being thrifty (节俭的)”可知，此处idea表示特指，应用定冠词修饰，故填the。
6．答案　for
解析　考查介词。take...for example是固定短语，意为“以……为例”，故填for。
7．答案　richest
解析　考查形容词最高级。结合“one of the world’s”可知，此处指“世界上最富有的人之一”，应使用形容词最高级，故填richest。
8．答案　activities
解析　考查名词复数。activity是可数名词，结合“we take part in”可知，此处应用复数形式，故填activities。
9．答案　to get
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作结果状语，构成too...to...结构，故填to get。
10．答案　that/which
解析　考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词是a British saying，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导，故填that/which。(共70张PPT)
Period 3
Grammar and usage—Verb-ing forms as attributives，adverbials and object complements
The world online
Unit 3
内容索引
情境导读
语法精讲
作业3
达标检测
情境导读
阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并完成下面的练习
①Living far from school，Tom has to take a bus to school every day.One day，he found the man ②standing next to him ③stealing a wallet from a young lady.Tom told it to the bus driver in a whisper.As soon as the bus arrived at the next stop，he found two policemen ④waiting for the thief.They arrested him while passengers watched in surprise.The lady，⑤realizing what happened，thanked Tom.
[自主发现]
Verb-ing形式作定语的有 ；作状语的有 ；作宾语补足语的有 。
②
①⑤
③④
返 回
语法精讲
动词-ing形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语
一、动词-ing形式的基本形式及意义
基本形式 构成 意义
一般式 doing 表示动作正在进行或与谓语动作同时发生
完成式 having done 强调动作已经发生或者发生在谓语动作之前
否定式 not doing/not having done 一般式的否定式/完成式的否定式
被动式 being done/ having been done 一般式的被动式/完成式的被动式
二、动词-ing形式作定语
1.单个的动词-ing形式常作前置定语，一般有两种含义。
(1)说明被修饰的名词的用途和性能
a reading room＝a room which is used for reading阅览室
running shoes＝shoes for running跑鞋
(2)表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态
developing countries＝countries that are developing发展中国家
an ordinary-looking comic＝a comic that looks ordinary一名长相普通的喜剧演员
2.动词-ing形式短语作定语，常置于被修饰的名词之后。
Culture is also passed on among people of the same time or among people belonging to different populations.
文化也在同一时代的人之间或属于不同种族的人口之间传递。
Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise.
告诉那些在那里玩的男孩别制造噪声。
3.动词-ing形式作定语，有被动形式。
Do you know anything about the new film being shot
你对这部正在拍摄的新电影有了解吗？
三、动词-ing形式作状语
(一)动词-ing形式作状语的类型
1.作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)
Walking in the park，she saw an old friend.
＝When/While (she was) walking in the park，she saw an old friend.
当她在公园里散步时，她看到了一个老朋友。
注意：当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加上when/while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。
2.作原因状语(一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句)
Being ill，he couldn’t go to school.
＝As he was ill，he couldn’t go to school.
因为生病了，他无法去上学。
3.作条件状语(一般放在句首，可转换成由if或unless引导的条件状语从句)
Working hard，you’ll make great progress.
＝If you work hard，you’ll make great progress.
如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。
4.作结果状语
动词-ing形式作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。
The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing more patients to be treated.
这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能得到治疗。
注意：动词-ing形式作结果状语，是随着谓语动作的发生而产生的自然结果，有时前面可加上副词thus，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较：
He was caught in the rain，thus making himself catch a cold.
被雨淋后他感冒了。
I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。
5.作让步、方式和伴随状语
动词-ing形式作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，此时相当于一个并列句。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom，reading a book.
＝Mary sat by the window of the classroom and she was reading a book.
玛丽坐在教室的窗边读着一本书。
注意：为强调动词-ing形式表达的意义，可在其前加上各种连词。例如，加上when，while，强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生；加上before，after，强调动作先后发生；加上(al)though，强调让步等。
Though knowing all this，they made me pay for the damage.
尽管他们了解这一切，但还是让我赔偿损失。
(二)动词-ing形式作状语的注意点
1.动词-ing形式的完成式(having done)作状语
当动词-ing形式的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，动词-ing形式用完成式，并且完成式只能作状语。
Having removed all the exam stress，she finally enjoyed a peaceful summer vacation.
摆脱了考试压力后，她终于享受了一个宁静的暑假。(remove是先发生的动作，enjoy是后发生的动作)
Having worked for three hours，he took a rest.(work的动作发生在take a rest 的动作之前)
工作了三个小时之后，他休息了一会。
注意：当现在分词和句子主语之间是被动关系时要用被动形式。
Having been shown around the factory，they were very happy.
被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。
2.动词-ing形式的否定式：not doing；not having done
Not knowing this，he didn’t come.
他不知道这件事，所以没来。
Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting.
因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。
四、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词-ing形式常在以下结构中作宾语补足语：
1.表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，look at，listen to等)＋sb/sth＋doing sth
I felt somebody standing behind me.
我感觉有人站在我后面。
I saw the little boy crying there.
我看到小男孩在那里哭。
2.表示指使意义的使役动词(have，keep，get，leave等)＋sb/sth＋doing sth
His parents always had him delivering newspapers.
他的家长总是让他送报纸。
Please don’t leave the water running all the time.
请不要让水一直流着。
注意：使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语表示“让……一直做某事”；接不定式作宾语补足语表示“让……做某事”。
The boss made his workers work 12 hours a day.老板让他的工人们每天工作12 个小时。
3.with复合结构
I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on.由于噪声不断，我没法做家庭作业。
With so many people looking at her，she felt nervous.这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。
返 回
达标检测
1.A big fire broke out in that district，killing a lot of people. __________
2.They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱). ______
3.They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly. ___________
4.Working harder at English，you’ll make your life abroad easier.
___________
5.Suddenly we heard someone knocking gently on the window.
______________
6.She sat at the desk reading a story. __________
Ⅰ.写出下列句子中动词-ing形式(短语)所作成分
结果状语
定语
宾语补足语
条件状语
宾语补足语
伴随状语
7.The student talking with the foreigners over there is my brother.______
8.Having spent all his money，the boy had to give his mother a call.
___________
定语
原因状语
Knowing some techniques of first aid is of great importance.There are always some minor accidents 1. (发生在我们的日常生活中).2. (面对意想不到的情形)，we ought to stay calm and give first aid to the injured.When you hear someone 3. (呼救)，you can offer assistance to them with your first-aid skills.4._________________________________
_________(精通急救技巧)，you can benefit a lot from it.
Ⅱ.用本单元的语法完成下面短文
happening in our daily routine
Facing the unexpected situation
screaming for help
Having a good command of first-aid
skills
返 回
作业3
1.I won’t have you (run) about in the room.
2.I hurried to the bus stop，only (find) the last bus had gone.
3.I noticed a long queue outside the bank (wait) for it to open.
4.Now，there are billions of people in the world (use) the Internet.
5.Could you tell me where you have got such an (amuse) story
6.Soon emojis took off throughout the world in the (follow) years.
7.The manager came into the meeting room with his secretary ___________(follow) behind.
running
to find
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
waiting
amusing
following
using
following
8. (surf) the Internet，you must be aware of network security and follow the Internet safety guidelines.
Surfing
1.公园旁边正在建的那栋建筑物是一座博物馆。
The building is a museum.
2.一架小型飞机撞上山坡，造成机上4人死亡。
A small plane crashed into a hillside， on board.
3.我看电视时听到有人敲门。
I when I was watching TV.
4.现在正在讨论的这个问题非常重要。
The question now is of great importance.
Ⅱ.完成句子
being built beside the park
killing four people
heard someone knocking at the door
being discussed
5.他住在那座城市时交了几个好朋友。
，he made several good friends.
When living in that city
A
I think it all started with microwaves.A typical microwave can cook an entire chicken in 16 minutes.That’s 3 times faster than the best convection oven(对流烤箱).We still stand in front of microwaves，impatiently tapping our feet，waiting for popcorn to pop.
语篇解读　这是一篇议论文，本文讨论了现代科技与互联网带来的便利使人们变得更加急躁，无法耐心等待，尤其是那些习惯于即时回应的千禧一代和Z世代。文章建议我们适应现实世界中的等待，并认识到并非所有事情都需要立即完成。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
Modern consumer technology and the Internet have only amplified that convenience impatience.We have emails that literally travel around the world in seconds，and yet we still ask the recipient: Did you get it Where is it It should be there.A file that takes more than 10 seconds to download is considered a crime.
And we’re suddenly faced with a digital queue.The system can’t serve us all at once and asks us to wait.But waiting is a chain in our DNA that is breaking up.This leads to the toe tapping，fingers pianoing on the desk，pen chewing，and eventually hair-pulling as if the thought of waiting a few minutes will drive us mad.
Millennials and Gen Z are products of an instant-response childhood.They’ve long lived in a world where their every thought is met with instant response in texts and social media.In real life，these same people have no idea how to wait for a response.The assumption(设想) is that real world works exactly the same as digital.But the system in a company or government doesn’t move at anything near digital speed.In fact，it often moves as slowly as it did in the pre-Internet age.There’s a disconnection between these waits and most of our lives lived through technology.
We are biology living in a digital space，enjoying the benefits of instant answers and access，but unable to change our own programming to match its speed.Operating at digital and Internet speed is a great benefit，but we forget that somewhere in the instant access path is often a comparatively slow-moving and slow-thinking human，who can only do so much，and only at a certain pace.
When people say slow down and take a breath，they usually mean that you should step back from a busy moment.But this should also include stepping back from your instant-access existence to see that not everything can happen right away.Most of the time，it just doesn’t need to.
1.What does the underlined word “amplified” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Balanced. B.Worsened.
C.Maintained. D.Weakened.
词义猜测题。画线词下文“We have emails that literally travel around the world in seconds，and yet we still ask the recipient: Did you get it Where is it It should be there.A file that takes more than 10 seconds to download is considered a crime.”用人们对邮件传输和文件下载速度的不耐烦来解释与印证画线词所在句的意义，即现代消费科技和互联网进一步加剧了人们的不耐烦，可推知画线词表示“使恶化，加剧”。故选B。
解析
√
2.What is people’s reaction towards a digital queue
A.They lose patience to wait.
B.They get embarrassed.
C.They enjoy waiting to be served.
D.They consider it as normal.
细节理解题。根据第三段中“But waiting is a chain in our DNA that is breaking up.This leads to the toe tapping，fingers pianoing on the desk，pen chewing，and eventually hair-pulling as if the thought of waiting a few minutes will drive us mad.”可知，人们面对线上排队的时候会有种种不耐烦的表现，即失去了等待的耐心，故选A。
解析
√
3.What do we know about Millennials and Gen Z
A.They are lacking in social experience.
B.They desire for immediate responses.
C.They are deeply influenced by the social media.
D.They have a good understanding of the real word.
√
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Millennials and Gen Z are products of an instant-response childhood.They’ve long lived in a world where their every thought is met with instant response in texts and social media.In real life，these same people have no idea how to wait for a response.”可知，千禧一代和Z世代渴望得到即时回应，故选B。
解析
4.What can be concluded from the text
A.Accept things happen at their own pace.
B.Go for instant response at any time.
C.Make sure everything happens right away.
D.Step back to see what has happened.
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“...stepping back from your instant-access existence to see that not everything can happen right away.Most of the time，it just doesn’t need to.”可知，我们应该明白并非所有事情都能马上发生，而且大多数时候事情也没必要马上发生，因此，我们应该学会接受万事皆有自己的节奏，故选A。
解析
√
B(此篇精读)
Teenagers who spend more than three hours a day on social media may have doubled the risk(风险) of mental health problems compared with those who avoid it，research suggests.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了社交媒体的过多使用会增加青少年心理健康问题的风险。
The study of more than 6,000 teenagers aged 13 to 17 found those who used social media more heavily were more likely to report situations such as sadness，anxiety and loneliness，as well as aggression(攻击性) and anti-social actions，than teenagers who did not use social media.The findings held true even when researchers took into account① mental health problems experienced by young persons in the year before their social media use.
Some existing② studies haven’t proved poorer mental health caused by the use of smart products.Dr.RinaDutta，Clinical Senior Lecturer at King’s College London，said，“A main strength of this study compared to present research is that the researchers took into consideration mental health problems the young people already had a year before the measurement of social media use.This largely overcomes the ‘what came first—mental health problems or high social media use？’ question”.
The study looked at two types of actions that can show mental health problems：Internalizing(内化) and externalizing(外化).Internalizing can include social disconnection③ or difficulty dealing with anxiety or sadness.Externalizing can include aggression or breaking instructions.The study found that fewer than 17 percent of teenagers did not use social media.Of those who did,32 percent spent less than 30 minutes a day；about 31 percent spent 30 minutes to 3 hours；12 percent spent 3 to 6 hours and 8 percent spent more than 6 hours per day.
Lead author Kira Riehm said，“Social media does have the ability to connect teenagers who may be unsociable④ in their daily life.But we need to find a better way to balance the benefits of social media with possible harmful health results.”
5.What does the research aim to prove
A.The advantages and disadvantages of social media.
B.The mental health problems experienced by teenagers.
C.The connection between mental health and screen time.
D.The sadness，anxiety and loneliness caused by social media.
√
推理判断题。根据第二段可知，研究发现，与不使用社交媒体的青少年相比，频繁使用社交媒体的青少年更有可能出现悲伤、焦虑、孤独、攻击性和反社会行为等情况；即使研究人员考虑到年轻人在使用社交媒体前一年经历的心理健康问题，这一发现仍然成立，因此这项研究旨在证明心理健康和屏幕使用时间之间的联系。故选C项。
解析
6.What’s the advantage of the research compared to existing studies
A.It supports less use of social media.
B.It includes more subjects⑤ than before.
C.It reports health risks due to screen time.
D.It considers former mental health problems.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中“A main strength of this study...the young people already had a year before the measurement of social media use.”可知，与目前的研究相比，这项研究的主要优势在于研究人员在评估社交媒体使用情况之前就考虑了年轻人已经有的心理健康问题。故选D项。
解析
7.Which might be one of the internalizing actions
A.Fighting against others.
B.Challenging traditional rules.
C.Refusing to complete tasks.
D.Being afraid of talking to people.
√
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Internalizing can include social disconnection or difficulty dealing with anxiety or sadness.”可知，内化包括与社会脱节或难以处理焦虑或悲伤的情绪，害怕与人交谈是与社会脱节的行为表现，属于内化行为。故选D项。
解析
8.Which statement on social media will Kira Riehm agree with
A.Its role needs to be considered carefully.
B.It is necessary for life.
C.It influences people differently.
D.Its benefits come before its risks.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Lead author Kira Riehm said，‘Social media does have the ability...balance the benefits of social media with possible harmful health results.’”可知，基拉·里厄姆认为，社交媒体确实有能力将那些在日常生活中不善交际的青少年联系起来，但我们需要找到一种更好的方法来平衡社交媒体的好处和可能对健康造成的害处，因此我们应当仔细斟酌社交媒体的作用。故选A项。
解析
①take...into account/consideration ________________
②existing(派)＝exist＋ing adj. _______
③disconnection(派)＝dis＋connection n.______________
④unsociable(派)＝un＋soci(ety)＋able adj._____________________
⑤subject 熟义：n.话题；学科　生义(文义)： n.______________
语境猜词
把……考虑在内
现存的
断开，分离
不爱交际的，不合群的
线外实验对象
Teenagers who spend more than three hours a day on social media may have doubled the risk of mental health problems compared with those who avoid it，research suggests.
分析：此句为 句。“Teenagers...those who avoid it”为省略了that的_______从句；“who spend more than three hours a day on social media”为 从句，修饰Teenagers；“compared with those who avoid it”为过去分词短语作 ，状语内又包含一个修饰those的 从句who avoid it。
句式分析
复合
宾语
定语
状语
定语
翻译：_________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
研究表明，每天花在社交媒体上的时间超过3小时的青少年患心理健康问题的风险可能是不用社交媒体的青少年的两倍。
For most of us，a large part of our work requires us to look at the screen for a long time.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了长时间盯着电子屏幕的影响以及一些可以减少你在电子屏幕前的时间的方法。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读
1 Sadly，too much screen time can cause eye damage and affect our mood.While it is impossible to escape the screen completely，there are ways to reduce the time you place your eyes and brain under the screen strain.
A.One of the useful strategies is setting clear boundaries.
B.Try to limit how much time per day you will spend on social media.
C.You need regain control over the time spent on these digital devices.
D.Many of our online time-killing activities also add to the screen time.
E.Looking at the phone’s screen just before bed can affect your sleep too.
F.During that time，you can enjoy some face-to-face communication instead.
G.The Internet gives us various ways to stay in touch with friends and family.
√
上文“For most of us，a large part of our work requires us to look at the screen for a long time.”提到大部分工作都需要我们长时间盯着屏幕，下文“Sadly，too much screen time can cause eye damage and affect our mood.”说明看屏幕太久会带来消极影响。D项(许多消磨时间的在线活动也增加了我们看屏幕的时间)承上启下。故选D。
解析
2 But constant chatting means our eyes are down on our phones and other devices for long.If possible，try and schedule phone calls with distant loved ones and make face-to-face catch-up with closer relatives.“In-person meetings provide a sense of connection and empathy that is difficult to replace via video，” Paul Axtell，corporate trainer and author of the book Meetings Matter，told The Washington Post.
A.One of the useful strategies is setting clear boundaries.
B.Try to limit how much time per day you will spend on social media.
C.You need regain control over the time spent on these digital devices.
D.Many of our online time-killing activities also add to the screen time.
E.Looking at the phone’s screen just before bed can affect your sleep too.
F.During that time，you can enjoy some face-to-face communication instead.
G.The Internet gives us various ways to stay in touch with friends and family.
√
下文“But constant chatting means our eyes are down on our phones and other devices for long.”提到互联网聊天的消极影响，且与上文形成转折关系，由此可推知，空格处内容应说明互联网聊天积极的一面。G项(互联网为我们提供了各种与朋友和家人保持联系的方式)符合语境。故选G。
解析
Keeping up to date on your social media channels is fun and socially very important for many users.But these channels can also be a big time waster for many people. 3 The next step is to gradually reduce this，particularly on days when screen usage is high for other reasons.
A.One of the useful strategies is setting clear boundaries.
B.Try to limit how much time per day you will spend on social media.
C.You need regain control over the time spent on these digital devices.
D.Many of our online time-killing activities also add to the screen time.
E.Looking at the phone’s screen just before bed can affect your sleep too.
F.During that time，you can enjoy some face-to-face communication instead.
G.The Internet gives us various ways to stay in touch with friends and family.
√
上文“But these channels can also be a big time waster for many people.”提到社交媒体频道会浪费大量时间，下文“The next step is to gradually reduce this，particularly on days when screen usage is high for other reasons.”提到下一步是逐渐减少这种情况，B项(尝试限制你每天花在社交媒体上的时间)承上启下。故选B。
解析
If you live with someone else，you can try to take on your screen time together.Establish certain areas in your home，or time periods in the day，where you both agree to stay off of your phone. 4 Consider doing some hobbies together，like cooking dinner or playing a board game.
A.One of the useful strategies is setting clear boundaries.
B.Try to limit how much time per day you will spend on social media.
C.You need regain control over the time spent on these digital devices.
D.Many of our online time-killing activities also add to the screen time.
E.Looking at the phone’s screen just before bed can affect your sleep too.
F.During that time，you can enjoy some face-to-face communication instead.
G.The Internet gives us various ways to stay in touch with friends and family.
√
上文“Establish certain areas in your home，or time periods in the day，where you both agree to stay off of your phone.”提到与同住人约定在特定区域或者特定时间段远离手机。下文“Consider doing some hobbies together，like cooking dinner or playing a board game.”提到具体的一些做法，F项(在这段时间里，你可以享受面对面的交流)承接上文，给出方法，并引出下文的具体做法，上下文语意连贯。故选F。
解析
One of the biggest tech no-no’s that people commonly commit is bringing phones，computers，and more into bed with them.Don’t charge your phone next to your bed，as it will cause you to check for messages or even the time if you wake up during the night. 5
A.One of the useful strategies is setting clear boundaries.
B.Try to limit how much time per day you will spend on social media.
C.You need regain control over the time spent on these digital devices.
D.Many of our online time-killing activities also add to the screen time.
E.Looking at the phone’s screen just before bed can affect your sleep too.
F.During that time，you can enjoy some face-to-face communication instead.
G.The Internet gives us various ways to stay in touch with friends and family.
√
上文“Don’t charge your phone next to your bed，as it will cause you to check for messages or even the time if you wake up during the night.”提到在床边给手机充电有负面影响，E项(睡前看手机屏幕也会影响你的睡眠)介绍另一个把手机带到床上的负面影响，承接上文，符合语境。故选E。
解析
Many people attach great importance to saving money.Back in 1924，in Italy，a group of people 1. (think) the inability to resist spending became a major social problem.
thought
Ⅴ.语法填空
语篇解读　这是一篇议论文，主要讨论了如今人们对金钱的看法，作者建议人们在年轻时应当适度消费。
考查时态。根据时间状语“Back in 1924”可知句子是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填thought。
解析
They thus started a day to remind people to put away some money for a rainy day.This is 2.__________ World Saving Day，held on Oct.31st annually，was started，and it’s still going strong now.
how
考查表语从句。空处位于系动词is后，引导表语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，故填how。
解析
Not surprisingly，a movement 3. (target) the poor was started.People in the 4.__________________(underdevelop) world are more open to calls to be careful with money.But 5._________ idea of being thrifty(节俭的) has also become popular among the rich.
3.考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语，target“面向”与所修饰的词a movement之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作定语，故填targeting。
4.考查形容词。分析句子可知，空处应填形容词作定语，意为“不发达的”，修饰名词world，故填underdeveloped。
5.考查冠词。根据“of being thrifty (节俭的)”可知，此处idea表示特指，应用定冠词修饰，故填the。
解析
targeting
underdeveloped
the
Take Mark Zuckerberg 6. example.As one of the world’s 7.___________(rich) people，he doesn’t spend very much money on himself.
6.考查介词。take...for example是固定短语，意为“以……为例”，故填for。
7.考查形容词最高级。结合“one of the world’s”可知，此处指“世界上最富有的人之一”，应使用形容词最高级，故填richest。
解析
for
richest
Other people don’t spend money because they don’t like the culture of consumption.This is connected to the view that we should make ourselves happy through the 8. (activity) we take part in，rather than with what we buy.
activities
考查名词复数。activity是可数名词，结合“we take part in”可知，此处应用复数形式，故填activities。
解析
But however we view money，moderate spending is certainly a good idea when we are still too young 9. (get) a job.There is a British saying 10. offers some good advice in this situation：“Look after the pennies，and the pounds will look after themselves.”
9.考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作结果状语，构成too...to...结构，故填to get。
10.考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词是a British saying，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导，故填that/which。
解析
to get
that/which
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