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Period 5　Extended reading
Task 1：Fast reading for the structure and the main idea of the text.
Ⅰ.Skim the lecture transcript to find out the structure of the text by filling in the blanks.
Part 1(Paras.1－2)：Introduction to the topic
·When Rechard Feynman was younger，he thought science was 1.useful.
·During the war，he found the result of science was obviously 2.serious.
·Is there some evil 3.involved in science
Part 2(Paras.3－6)：Three 4.values of science
·Enable us to 5.do and make various things.
·Provide the 6.intellectual enjoyment for us.
·Enable us to 7.doubt.
Part 3(Para.7)：Duty of scientists.
·To declare progress is the fruit of 8.freedom of thought.
·To teach how doubt is to be 9. welcomed and discussed.
·To demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations.
Ⅱ.Skim the lecture transcript to find out the main idea of the text.
The lecture transcript mainly tells us science is of great value in our lives.
Task 2：Careful reading for the details of the text.
Read the lecture transcript carefully and choose the best answer.
1．What made Rechard Feynman change his attitude to science’s value
A．His common sense.
B．His research on science.
C．His knowledge about science.
D．His experience during the war.
答案　D
2．What can we learn from paragraph 3
A．We make good things only because of science.
B．People’s behaviour affects the power of science greatly.
C．Science gives people clear instructions on how to apply it.
D．Scientific knowledge enables people to do only good things.
答案　B
3．How will people feel if they look at any problem deeply enough
A．Excited. B．Embarrassed.
C．Angry. D．Disappointed.
答案　A
4．What can we infer from the lecture transcript
A．All is progressing.
B．Authority is science.
C．Everything has two sides.
D．Science can change everything.
答案　C
Task 3：Translate the following phrases into English.
1．从事原子弹研究work on the atomic bomb
2．让我们的未来处于危险中put our future at risk
3．扪心自问ask oneself
4．与……有关be involved in
5．换句话说put another way
6．致力于devote oneself to
7．深思熟虑think long and hard about
8．有价值be of value
9．为某人所熟知be familiar to sb
10．使某人能够做某事enable sb to do sth
11．归功于to the credit of
12．道德选择moral choice
13．引导我们行善lead us to good work
14．一种赋能的力量an enabling power
15．激励人们更深入地观察inspire one to look deeper still
16．让某人失望let sb down
17．多亏了thanks to
18．很重要be of great importance
19．问题的答案the answer to a problem
20．关于as to
21．想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然take it for granted
22．为了进步in order to progress
23．给……留空间leave room for
24．允许某人去质疑permit sb to question
Task 4：Analyse some long and difficult sentences.
1．Put another way，what is the value of the science I had long devoted myself to—the thing I had loved—when I saw what terrible things it could do？(P53，Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句。主句是what is the value of the science...；句中when引导时间状语从句，从句中含有一个what引导的宾语从句；句中I had long devoted myself to为省略了that/which的定语从句，修饰science；I had loved为省略了that/which的定语从句，修饰thing。名词短语the thing I had loved作名词science的同位语。
[汉语翻译] 换言之，在我发现科学可能造成的恶果之后，我一直投身其中的科学，我曾经的挚爱，价值何在？
2．The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone：scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things.(P53，Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句。in which引导定语从句，修饰way，此处in which可换成that或省略。
[汉语翻译] 科学体现价值的第一种方式对每个人而言都耳熟能详：科学知识让我们能够做各种各样的事，造不同种类的东西。
3．Of course，if we make good things，it is not only to the credit of science；it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work.(P53，Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句。if引导条件状语从句；which引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
[汉语翻译] 当然，如果我们做了善事，不仅归功于科学，还归功于引导我们行善的道德选择。
4．When he has an idea as to what the result is，he is uncertain.(P54，Para.5)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句。when引导时间状语从句；what引导宾语从句。
[汉语翻译] 当他对于结果是什么有主意时，他是不确定的。
surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关(surrounding adj.周围的；附近的 surroundings n．环境)
[教材原句P48]He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead.他观察到霉菌周围的细菌都死了。
[人教版]Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。
surround...with...用……包围/环绕…… be surrounded by/with...被……包围/环绕
(1)Surrounded(surround) by green trees，the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.
(2)When he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding(surround) the mountaintops，he was reduced to tears.
(3)(应用文写作之欢迎辞)In a word，you are welcome to our school and I hope you can adapt to the new surroundings(surround) soon.
[写作佳句]
(4)围绕在给你尊重和支持的人的周围会非常有益。
Surrounding yourself with people who’ll provide you with respect and support can be very beneficial.
(5)(话题写作之景点介绍)这座小城镇被青山绿水环绕，吸引着来自世界各地的游客。
The small town is surrounded by/with green mountains and clear rivers，attracting visitors from all over the world.
favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n．帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒[favourable adj.赞成的；有利的；给人好印象的 unfavourable adj.不赞成的；不利的]
[教材原句P48]Fortune favours the prepared mind.幸运偏袒有准备的人。
[北师大版]Can you do me a favour and find out what’s going on？你能帮我个忙，看看发生了什么事吗？
ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb请某人帮忙 do sb a favour＝do a favour for sb帮某人的忙 owe sb a favour欠某人一个人情 in favour of赞同，支持
(1)In fact，I am in favour of the creative measures on how to create a favourable(favour) living environment for endangered wildlife.
[写作佳句]
(2)(应用文写作之求助信)我们真诚地希望您能帮我们一个忙，来指导我们如何表演这个短剧。
We sincerely hope that you can do us a favour/do a favour for us and come to guide us how to perform the short play.
(3)(2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)当我请出租车司机帮个忙时，他毫不犹豫地帮助了我，我感动得一句话也说不出来了。我欠他一个人情。
When I asked the taxi driver a favour/asked a favour of the taxi driver，he assisted me without hesitation and so moved was I that I couldn’t say a word.I owed him a favour.
charge vt.& vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 n．收费；控告；谴责；掌管
[教材原句P49]When a thunderstorm approached，the lightning would charge the key.当雷雨来临，闪电就会给钥匙充电。
[北师大版]The theatre’s musical director，Michael Umlauf，joined him and together the two men took charge of the orchestra.剧院音乐指挥迈克尔·奥姆洛夫也走上台和他一起指挥乐队。
·charge sb some money for sth就某事向某人索取费用 charge sb with sth因某事而谴责/控告某人 ·in charge of负责/掌管(表状态) in the charge of由……负责/掌管 take charge of掌管(表动作) free of charge＝for free免费
(1)They charged the buyer too much for the house which belonged to their parents.
[写作佳句]
(2)(应用文写作之活动介绍)上周我们就市民是否可以免费参观科学博物馆展开了激烈的讨论。
Last week we had a heated debate about whether citizens can visit the Science Museum free of charge/for free.
(3)(2023·北京，书面表达)你将负责一个以“绿色北京”为主题的俱乐部活动，这是我对这次活动的建议。
①You will be in charge of/take charge of a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”，and here are my suggestions for the event.
②A club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing” will be in the charge of you，and here are my suggestions for the event.
involve vt.包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加(involved adj.复杂的；有牵连的；有关的 involvement n．参与；干预；沉迷)
[教材原句P53]I had to ask myself，“Is there some evil involved in science？”我不得不扪心自问：“科学之中是不是也包含罪恶？”
[人教版]As well as studying hard，I’ve been involved in social activities.除了努力学习，我还参加了社会活动。
·involve sb/oneself in (doing) sth把某人(自己)牵涉到(做)某事中；让某人(自己)参与(做)某事 involve doing...包含做…… ·be/get involved in卷入；专注于；参与……中
(1)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involved spending(spend) quite a lot of time with students.
(2)Although the responsibility of educating students mainly lies with schools，parents should involve themselves(they) in their children’s education.
[写作佳句]
(3)为了保护我们的传统文化，我们应该让尽可能多的人参与到传统文化的传播中。
To protect our traditional culture，we should involve as many as possible in its promotion.
(4)所有师生积极参加了这次越野赛跑。
All the teachers and students got actively involved in/involved themselves actively in the cross-country running race.
credit n．赞扬，认可；信用 vt.存入金额；把……归于
[教材原句P53]Of course，if we make good things，it is not only to the credit of science；it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work.当然，如果我们做了善事，不仅归功于科学，还归功于引导我们行善的道德选择。
[人教版]By credit card.用信用卡。
[北师大版]Now I need to work hard at school so I get the grades and credits I need to do a degree in business or communication studies at a university.现在我需要在学校努力学习，这样我才能拿到在大学攻读商学或传播学学位所需要的成绩和学分。
to the credit of归功于 to one’s credit某人值得赞扬/钦佩 do sb/sth credit＝do credit to sb/sth 使某人/某物值得赞扬 credit card/limit信用卡/额度 on credit赊账
用credit的相关短语填空
(1)Are you paying in cash or by credit card
(2)If you haven’t got enough money，you can buy a computer on credit.
(3)To his credit，John Snow finally found a cure for the severe disease.
(4)It is to the credit of the team that a car once thought impossible by the world is now a reality.
let sb down 使某人失望
[教材原句P54]Never concerned that the answer may let us down，with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.我们从不担心答案可能会令人失望，带着愉悦和信心，我们翻开每一块新的石头去发现意想不到的奇妙，它们指向更多精妙的问题与奥秘。
let out发出(叫声等) let alone更不用说 let sb alone不管/不干涉某人 let sth/sb in/out让某物/某人进来/出去 let go (of)放手，松手，放开；使自由 let off steam发泄怒火，宣泄情绪
用let相关短语的正确形式填空
(读后续写之片段描写)After hearing the knock on the door，I let in my friend，who murmured in tears that what his son had done let him down.I just quietly sat on the sofa，enabling him to let off steam.He let out a scream of pain，feeling like a knife cutting through his chest.After he calmed down，I comforted him gently，“We adults can’t put down our cell phones，let alone teenagers.So sometimes letting go of our kids and allowing them to play within the given time is also reasonable.” He smiled through tears and nodded his head in agreement.
permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n．许可证(permission n．许可；允许)
[教材原句P54]Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure.要允许我们提问——怀疑——不确定。
[外研版]In order to keep this secret，Captain Nemo tells his three newest passengers that they are not permitted to leave the submarine.为了保守这个秘密，尼摩船长告诫他的三位新乘客永远都不能离开这里。
·permit sb to do sth允许某人做某事 permit doing sth允许做某事 ·without permission未经许可，擅自 with one’s permission经某人允许
(1)We don’t permit launching(launch) a campaign without the government’s permission(permit)．
(2)It is requested that we should not be permitted to take(take) goods out of the container unless informed.
[写作佳句]
(3)(应用文写作之邀请信)如果时间允许的话，我的确希望你来参加今年的音乐节。
①If time permits，I do hope you will attend this year’s music festival.(if引导条件状语从句)
②Time permitting，I do hope you will attend this year’s music festival.(独立主格结构)
declare vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报(declaration n．宣告，声明)
[教材原句P54]．..to declare the value of this freedom...……声明这一自由的价值……
[人教版]She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.她听到他说，他第二天不想离开她，而且他不仅仅是想讨她的欢心。
declare...to be/as...宣布……为…… declare war on/against...向……宣战 declare for/against宣称赞成/反对 it is declared that...据宣布……
(1)In September 1939，Britain declared war on/against Germany after Germany invaded Poland.
(2)All the residents declared for garbage-sorting in an effort to better protect the environment.
[写作佳句]
(3)(读后续写之心理描写)当老师宣布我是这次英语演讲比赛的获胜者时，我既惊又喜。
When the teacher declared me to be/as the winner of the English Speech Contest，I was surprised and pleased.
put forward提出，提议，建议；推荐；往前拨(钟表指针)；将……提前
[教材原句P55]He put forward the theory of evolution by natural selection and published On the Origin of Species in 1859.他提出了自然选择进化论，并于1859年发表了《物种起源》。
put aside把……放到一边；留出(时间)；储存 put off推迟；延期 put up with忍受；容忍 put away把……收拾好；整理；储蓄 put on穿上；上演；增加 put up搭建；张贴；举起；为……提供住宿 put down放下；写下；镇压 put out扑灭，熄灭；生产，制造
(应用文写作之建议信)You write that you have put on weight recently and you are in a bad mood，so I put forward several tips for you.Firstly，I strongly suggest that you should put aside at least twenty minutes to work out every day indoors or outdoors.Secondly，why not put up your weight loss goal on the wall of your bedroom Finally，it would be a good idea if you could help your parents put away daily supplies，which is also a kind of physical exercise.I do hope that you can take the above suggestions into account.
it作形式宾语
[教材原句 P54]Now，we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.如今，我们科学家理所当然地认为，生而有所不知是完全有可能的。
[结构分析] 此句是复合句。句中第一个it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语；第二个it作形式主语，不定式to live and not know作真正的主语。
与“take it for granted＋that从句”用法类似的有rely on/depend on/see to it＋that从句；appreciate it＋if从句；like/hate it＋when从句。
(1)I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.
(2)A teacher shouldn’t take it for granted that every student has understood what he said in class.
[写作佳句]
(3)中国的消防员值得信赖。每当我们身处险境，总能依靠他们前来救援。
Firefighters in China are reliable.Whenever we are in danger，we can always rely on it that they will come to our rescue.
(4)(2025·新课标Ⅱ，应用文写作)如果您能在那之前定稿，让我们有足够的时间进行编辑，我们将不胜感激。
We’d greatly appreciate it if you could finalize it by then to allow us enough time for editing.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He was searching for some data indicating(表明) that the theory wasn’t practical.
2．Love will always be a topic of universal interest regardless of race，religion or nationality(国籍)．
3．Among the students is a young boy who is very intelligent and hard-working.
4．If time permits，I will pay a visit to my classmate who has survived a deadly disease.
5．The lecturer intended to tell us under no circumstances should theory be separated from practice.
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．It is natural for us to want to be surrounded by/with(被……包围) positive，uplifting people.
2．All the problems put forward(提出) at the meeting require to be solved immediately.
3．I am in favour of(赞成) exercise，but it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
4．The court declared that the man who was involved in(参与……中) the accident should be put into prison.
5．I will be in charge of/take charge of(负责) a theme class meeting intended to introduce traditional Chinese culture to foreigners.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
When Rechard Feynman was younger，he thought science was 1.obviously(obvious) useful and good.But then during the war he worked on the atomic bomb.This result of science represented the 2.destruction(destroy) of people.“Is there some evil 3.involved(involve) in science？” Feynman had to ask himself.
It was a question he had to answer.He thought long and hard about this question.In this talk，he answered the question of 4.what the value of science was.The first way 5.in which science is of value is familiar to us—6.enabling(enable) us to do and make all kinds of things.Another value is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us with.The third is the freedom to doubt，which 7.was born(bear) out of a deep and strong struggle against authority.But scientists take 8.it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.In order to progress，we must not forget the importance of this struggle；we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt.9.To teach(teach) how doubt is not to be feared 10.but to be welcomed and discussed，and to demand the freedom of thought for all coming generations are scientists’ responsibilities.
作业4　Extended reading
[分值57.5分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
1．You should surround yourself with good people who love you and inspire you.
2．They decided to postpone the trip until the conditions were more favourable(favour)．
3．Have you heard that the guy has been charged with being involved in the crime
4．The test will involve answering(answer) questions about a classic titled A Dream of Red Mansions.
5．You can read the daily newspapers，magazines and other books here，but you are not permitted to take(take) them out.
Ⅱ.主题微写作(满分15分)
1．得知你要来中国学习，我很高兴。(v.-ing作状语)
Learning that you are coming to study in China，I am more than delighted.
2．强烈建议你每天读中文故事和报纸，这样可以帮助你了解中国文化以及提高你的汉语水平。(which引导定语从句)
It is strongly recommended that you should read Chinese stories and newspapers on a daily basis，which can help you learn about Chinese culture as well as improve your Chinese.
3．此外，你应该把尽可能经常使用汉语定为常规。(it作形式宾语)
What’s more，you should make it a rule to use Chinese as often as possible.
4．了解中国的历史并且交许多中国朋友将有助于你更好地学习汉语。(v.-ing 作主语)
Getting to know the history of China and making many Chinese friends will help you learn Chinese better.
5．我确实希望我的建议对你有很大帮助。(be of＋n.)
I do hope that my suggestions are of great help to you.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
We credit Socrates with the insight that “the unexamined life is not worth living，” and that to “know thyself” is the path to true wisdom.
But when it comes to introspection(内省)，you might easily slip into the “rumination(沉思)” mode.This pattern is likely to cause you to become stuck in the rut of your own thoughts and absorbed in the emotions that might lead you to a wrong way.Research has also shown that people who are likely to ruminate are often at a substantially increased risk of depression.
Instead，scientific research suggests that you should adopt an ancient method favored by Julius Caesar，known as “illeism” which was coined in 1809 from the Latin “ille” meaning “he”．The point of adopting this third person thinking is that such a small change can clear your emotional fog，allowing you to see your biases and helping you know the limits of your understanding of the problem at hand.
A study finds that illeism can also bring long-term benefits to wise reasoning(including elements like taking the perspective of others，recognizing uncertainty，and so on)．The finding is the brainchild of Igor Grossmann，a psychologist.According to Grossmann，wise reasoning had long been considered too vague for scientific enquiry.In one of his earlier experiments，he established that as with IQ，the scores of wise reasoning could be achieved and were meaningful.
Grossmann’s latest research team asked nearly 300 participants to describe a challenging social situation，and two psychologists graded them on different aspects of wise reasoning.The participants then had to keep a diary for four weeks.Each day，they had to describe a situation they’d just experienced，such as a disagreement with someone.Half were prompted to do so in the first person，while the others were encouraged to describe their situations from a third person perspective.At the end of the study，all participants repeated the wise reasoning test.
While the control group showed no overall change in their wise reasoning scores，those using illeism improved on their perspective taking and capacity to find a compromise.
Grossmann’s work continues to prove that the subject of wisdom is worthy of experimental studies，indicating wiser reasoning is within everyone’s power.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“使用第三人称自称”的思维模式及其对明智推理的影响的相关研究。
1．What can be learned about ruminative thinking
A．It’s often adopted by negative people.
B．It causes people to become self-centered.
C．It’s far from an advisable tackling strategy.
D．It ignores people’s inner thoughts and feelings.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“But when it comes to introspection(内省)，you might easily slip into the ‘rumination(沉思)’ mode...Research has also shown that people who are likely to ruminate are often at a substantially increased risk of depression.”可知，沉思思维远不是一个明智的应对策略。故选C。
2．Which of the following shows the advantage of illeism
A．Helping people win in an argument.
B．Enabling people to stabilize their emotions.
C．Encouraging people to see their own strengths.
D．Offering people a fresh perspective of viewing issues.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“The point of adopting this third person thinking is that such a small change can clear your emotional fog，allowing you to see your biases and helping you know the limits of your understanding of the problem at hand.”可知，该思维模式的好处是为人们提供看待问题的新视角。故选D。
3．What do Grossmann’s statements in paragraph 4 imply
A．Various factors can develop wise reasoning.
B．People’s wise reasoning can be measurable.
C．The study of wisdom is rather complicated.
D．Wise reasoning’s benefits are scientifically proven.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“In one of his earlier experiments，he established that as with IQ，the scores of wise reasoning could be achieved and were meaningful.”可推知，人们的明智推理能力是可以衡量的。故选B。
4．How do the researchers come to the conclusion of their study
A．By assessing diary keeping’s impact on reasoning.
B．By comparing each participant’s two sets of scores.
C．By testing participants’ ability to handle disagreements.
D．By gaining participants’ attitudes to the first person thinking.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“While the control group showed no overall change in their wise reasoning scores，those using illeism improved on their perspective taking and capacity to find a compromise.”可知，研究人员通过比较两组参与者每个人的分数得出他们的研究结论。故选B。
B(此篇精读)
You may hear the story about the blind men and the elephant.In the story，a group of blind men feel different parts of an elephant—but only one part.One man declares he feels a wall.A second man states he feels a tree.A third，a fan.The others feel a spear，a snake，and a rope.Piecing① together their information，the men realize the parts are the elephant’s body，legs，ears，tusks，trunk，and tail.Just as the men’s collective② understanding reveals the elephant in full，so do scientists benefit from combining(结合) their professional knowledge and exchanging views together.
In a substantially interconnected③ world，some challenges in science require combining knowledge and resources from different places.By working together，scientists can develop powerful approaches that might not have been possible for a single lab to have achieved.For Whitehead Institute member lain Cheeseman’s lab and Harvard core member Paul Blainey’s lab，this has meant combining experimental and computational approaches.The two labs developed an approach for removing the function of particular genes(基因) across multiple cells at a time，and then picturing④ the effects under the microscope.The findings were edited onto a web gateway called Vesuvius，which anyone can access.
Researcher Alessandra Dall’Agnese worked together with scientists from MIT and clinicians at Massachusetts General Hospital to explore how condensates(冷凝物) influence gene expression.She remembered a time when she was struggling to figure out⑤ how a change in a particular protein within a condensate would affect cellular signaling.Arup Chakraborty，a professor of Physics at MIT，offered a physics-based solution.Since then，Dall’Agnese has been able to explain the issue more clearly.Sometimes joint(共同的) efforts between different fields can provide a more holistic approach to tough questions in science and medicine，which can avoid the limitations of any single field.
“Science is very competitive.The more we can help each other succeed，the more at ease⑥ we will be.We are all addressing different questions with similar concepts，but they build upon each other.We are surrounded by a climate that encourages growth and advancement，” says Dall’Agnese.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文通过盲人摸象的寓言故事引入科学研究中合作的重要性，并用一些科学家们合作解决棘手问题的例子来阐释科学合作的好处。
5．What does the author want to show by mentioning the story in the first paragraph
A．Many people’s lack of objectivity.
B．The link between humans and animals.
C．Ancient people’s unique way of thinking.
D．The value of sharing ideas in scientific work.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Just as the men’s collective understanding reveals the elephant in full，so do scientists benefit from combining(结合) their professional knowledge and exchanging views together.”可推知，作者借用盲人摸象的故事来比喻科学家们通过各自的专长和视角共同解决复杂问题，从而强调在科学工作中分享思想的价值。故选D。
6．How did Cheeseman’s and Paul Blainey’s labs achieve their achievement
A．By combining efforts from different professional fields.
B．By working together to launch a popular science website.
C．By encouraging more labs to join gene editing research.
D．By putting forward a new theory about gene editing.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“By working together，scientists can develop powerful approaches that might not have been possible for a single lab to have achieved.For Whitehead Institute member lain Cheeseman’s lab and Harvard core member Paul Blainey’s lab，this has meant combining experimental and computational approaches.”可知，这两个实验室将不同领域的专业知识整合起来，从而一起取得了成就。故选A。
7．What does the underlined word “holistic” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Obvious. B．Flexible.
C．Complete. D．Standard.
答案　C
解析　词义猜测题。通读第三段可知，Dall’Agnese在研究冷凝物内特定蛋白质的变化如何影响细胞信号传导时遇到瓶颈，Arup Chakraborty 教授提供了基于物理角度的解决方案，使得Dall’Agnese能够更清晰地解释这个问题。由此可知，不同领域的协作可以提供一种更全面的方法以应对科学和医学中的复杂问题，避免了单个领域的局限性。因此，holistic意为“全面的”。故选C。
8．What does Dall’Agnese emphasize about scientific research
A．Interpersonal skills.
B．Joint partnership.
C．Creative abilities.
D．Competitive spirit.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The more we can help each other succeed，the more at ease we will be.We are all addressing different questions with similar concepts，but they build upon each other.”可知，Dall’Agnese认为科学中需要解决的问题都是相互依赖的，为他人提供的帮助越多，自己就会越轻松，即她强调合作的伙伴关系在科学研究中的重要性。故选B。
[语境猜词]
①piece熟义：n.一件　生义(文义)：v.组合
②collective(派)＝collect＋ive adj.集体的，共同的
③interconnected(派)＝inter＋connect＋ed adj.互相联系的
④picture 熟义：n.图片，绘画　生义(文义)：v.描绘
⑤figure out想清楚，弄明白
⑥at ease放松，安逸，自由自在
[句式分析]
She remembered a time when she was struggling to figure out how a change in a particular protein within a condensate would affect cellular signaling.
分析：此句为复合句。when引导定语从句，修饰time；how引导宾语从句，作figure out的宾语；in a particular protein为介词短语作后置定语，修饰change；within a condensate为介词短语作后置定语，修饰protein。
翻译：她记得有一段时间，她正在努力弄清楚冷凝物内特定蛋白质发生变化会如何影响细胞信号传导。
Ⅳ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
When I was 7 years old，my family experienced a terrible financial downfall.We ended up 1 ，living on the streets.What I wanted was just a 2 and dry place to sleep at night.After years’ struggle，we finally got through the tough time.The experience taught me the importance of money and filled me with the 3 to do whatever I wanted so that I wouldn’t be 4 for lack of money.This desire stayed with me as I grew up.
After graduating from college，I worked really hard to 5 my financial goals，and at the age of 28，I made it.As I became a mother，I was able to 6 my children with a high quality of life that I had always desired. 7 ，though we could afford them many things，my husband and I wanted them to learn the 8 of hard work.We also taught our kids how to manage money so they could 9 any challenge in the future.
It doesn’t matter how much money you have： 10 money is what makes you successful.Now our children have come to understand the importance of earning and taking care of their money.They are 11 to earn money through chores and 12 for expensive items they like.
Our intention for them is to understand the value of things and learn 13 life skills such as how to open a bank account and 14 rents.Above all，I firmly believe that teaching my children good values is the greatest 15 I can give them，because it is more valuable than any material treasure.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章通过叙述作者从童年时期的贫困经历，到成年后通过努力实现财务自由，并最终成为一位教育子女理解金钱价值和生活技能的母亲的故事，来体现个人奋斗和教育的重要性。
1．A.alone B．tired
C．homeless D．lost
答案　C
解析　alone孤独的；tired疲倦的；homeless无家可归的；lost迷路的。根据后文“living on the streets”可推断，作者一家最终无家可归。故选C项。
2．A.warm B．crowded
C．broad D．faraway
答案　A
解析　warm温暖的；crowded拥挤的；broad宽阔的；faraway遥远的。根据上文“living on the streets”和后文“dry place to sleep at night”可推断，晚上在街上睡觉通常又冷又潮，所以作者想在干燥、温暖的地方睡觉。故选A项。
3．A.joy B．duty
C．option D．desire
答案　D
解析　joy乐趣；duty责任；option选择；desire渴望。 根据第一段最后一句“This desire stayed with me as I grew up.”可知，此处指作者实现愿望的渴望。故选D。
4．A.cheered up B．held back
C．raised up D．picked out
答案　B
解析　cheer up振奋起来；hold back阻碍；raise up提高；pick out挑选出来，辨认出来。根据上文“my family experienced a terrible financial downfall”，再结合后文“for lack of money”可推断作者不想再因为缺乏金钱而受阻。故选B项。
5．A.design B．achieve
C．share D．identify
答案　B
解析　design设计；achieve实现；share分享；identify 确认。根据前文“I worked really hard”以及后文“my financial goals”，“I made it.”可推断，作者大学毕业后非常努力以实现自己的财务目标，故选B项。
6．A.provide B．surprise
C．attract D．serve
答案　A
解析　provide 提供；surprise使吃惊；attract 吸引；serve服务。根据后文“we could afford them many things”可推断，作者有能力给孩子提供高品质的生活。故选A项。
7．A.However B．Obviously
C．Otherwise D．Shortly
答案　A
解析　however然而；obviously显然；otherwise否则；shortly不久。根据前文“I was able...had always desired.”及后文“my husband and I wanted them to learn the...of hard work”可知，前后文之间存在转折关系，所以要用however。故选A项。
8．A.art B．rule
C．value D．impact
答案　C
解析　art艺术；rule规则；value价值；impact影响。根据前文“though we could afford them many things”可推断，作者和丈夫虽然能够给孩子买得起很多东西，但还是想教会孩子努力工作的价值。故选C项。
9．A.bring B．select
C．face D．choose
答案　C
解析　bring带来；select选择；face面对；choose选择。本句前后是因果关系，作者和丈夫教孩子如何管理金钱是为了让孩子能够应对未来的挑战，故选C项。
10．A.spotting B．donating
C．spending D．managing
答案　D
解析　spot找到，发现；donate捐赠；spend花费；manage管理。根据前文“We also taught our kids how to manage money”及后文“Now our children have come to understand the importance of earning and taking care of their money.”可知，此处指理财是你成功的秘诀，故选D项。
11．A.ordered B．encouraged
C．begged D．forced
答案　B
解析　order命令；encourage鼓励；beg乞求；force强迫。根据上文“understand the importance of earning and taking care of their money”可知，孩子们被鼓励通过做家务挣钱。故选B项。
12．A.ask B．vote
C．wait D．save
答案　D
解析　ask要求，问；vote投票；wait等待；save攒，节省。根据上文作者教孩子们如何理财可知，此处是鼓励他们攒钱买喜欢的贵重商品。故选D项。
13．A.creative B．advanced
C．basic D．limited
答案　C
解析　creative创造的；advanced高级的；basic基础的；limited有限的。根据后文“such as how to open a bank account”可知，此处指让孩子们学会开银行账户等基本技能。故选C项。
14．A.pay B．collect
C．increase D．report
答案　A
解析　pay支付；collect搜集；increase增加；report报道。根据“how to open a bank account”和“and”可知，此处指让孩子们学会支付租金，故选A项。
15．A.clue B．gift
C．sign D．fund
答案　B
解析　clue线索；gift礼物；sign标志；fund资金。根据后文“it is more valuable than any material treasure”可知，教会孩子们正确的价值观是作者能给的最好的礼物，故选B项。(共101张PPT)
Period 5
Extended reading
Scientists who
changed the world
Unit 4
内容索引
Part 1　课文深度理解
Part 2　语言知识梳理
Part 3　基础达标检测
作业4
课文深度理解
Task 1：Fast reading for the structure and the main idea of the text.
Ⅰ.Skim the lecture transcript to find out the structure of the text by filling in the blanks.
Part 1(Paras.1－2)：Introduction to the topic
·When Rechard Feynman was younger，he thought science was 1. .
·During the war，he found the result of science was obviously 2. .
·Is there some evil 3. in science
useful
serious
involved
Part 2(Paras.3－6)：Three 4. of science
·Enable us to 5. various things.
·Provide the 6. for us.
·Enable us to 7. .
Part 3(Para.7)：Duty of scientists.
·To declare progress is the fruit of 8. of thought.
·To teach how doubt is to be 9. and discussed.
·To demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations.
values
do and make
intellectual enjoyment
doubt
freedom
welcomed
Ⅱ.Skim the lecture transcript to find out the main idea of the text.
The lecture transcript mainly tells us .
science is of great value in our lives
Task 2：Careful reading for the details of the text.
Read the lecture transcript carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What made Rechard Feynman change his attitude to science’s value
A.His common sense.
B.His research on science.
C.His knowledge about science.
D.His experience during the war.
√
2.What can we learn from paragraph 3
A.We make good things only because of science.
B.People’s behaviour affects the power of science greatly.
C.Science gives people clear instructions on how to apply it.
D.Scientific knowledge enables people to do only good things.
√
3.How will people feel if they look at any problem deeply enough
A.Excited. B.Embarrassed.
C.Angry. D.Disappointed.
√
4.What can we infer from the lecture transcript
A.All is progressing.
B.Authority is science.
C.Everything has two sides.
D.Science can change everything.
√
Task 3：Translate the following phrases into English.
1.从事原子弹研究
2.让我们的未来处于危险中
3.扪心自问
4.与……有关
5.换句话说
6.致力于
7.深思熟虑
8.有价值
________________________
____________________
___________
______________
________________
________________
_______________________
___________
work on the atomic bomb
put our future at risk
ask oneself
be involved in
put another way
devote oneself to
think long and hard about
be of value
9.为某人所熟知
10.使某人能够做某事
11.归功于
12.道德选择
13.引导我们行善
14.一种赋能的力量
15.激励人们更深入地观察
16.让某人失望
17.多亏了
_______________
_________________
______________
_____________
__________________
_________________
___________________________
___________
__________
be familiar to sb
enable sb to do sth
to the credit of
moral choice
lead us to good work
an enabling power
inspire one to look deeper still
let sb down
thanks to
18.很重要
19.问题的答案
20.关于
21.想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然
22.为了进步
23.给……留空间
24.允许某人去质疑
_____________________
______________________
______
__________________
___________________
______________
___________________
be of great importance
the answer to a problem
as to
take it for granted
in order to progress
leave room for
permit sb to question
Task 4：Analyse some long and difficult sentences.
1.Put another way，what is the value of the science I had long devoted myself to—the thing I had loved—when I saw what terrible things it could do？(P53，Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是 句。主句是what is the value of the science...；句中when引导 从句，从句中含有一个what引导的 从句；句中I had long devoted myself to为省略了that/which的 从句，修饰_______；I had loved为省略了that/which的 从句，修饰 。名词短语the thing I had loved作名词science的 。
[汉语翻译]_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
复合
时间状语
宾语
换言之，在我发现科学可能造成的恶果之后，我一直投身其中的科学，我曾经的挚爱，价值何在？
定语
science
定语
thing
同位语
2.The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone：scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things.(P53，Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句是 句。in which引导 从句，修饰 ，此处in which可换成that或省略。
[汉语翻译]_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
复合
科学体现价值的第一种方式对每个人而言都耳熟能详：科学知识让我们能够做各种各样的事，造不同种类的东西。
定语
way
3.Of course，if we make good things，it is not only to the credit of science；it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work.(P53，Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句是 句。if引导 从句；which引导 从句，并在从句中作 。
[汉语翻译]_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
复合
条件状语
当然，如果我们做了善事，不仅归功于科学，还归功于引导我们行善的道德选择。
定语
主语
4.When he has an idea as to what the result is，he is uncertain.(P54，Para.5)
[结构分析] 此句是 句。when引导 从句；what引导_____从句。
[汉语翻译]_____________________________________________________
复合
当他对于结果是什么有主意时，他是不确定的。
返 回
时间状语
宾语
语言知识梳理
vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关(surrounding adj.周围的；附近的 surroundings n.环境)
1
surround
[教材原句P48]He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead.他观察到霉菌周围的细菌都死了。
[人教版]Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。
surround...with...用……包围/环绕……
be surrounded by/with...被……包围/环绕
(1) (surround) by green trees，the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.
(2)When he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds _____________(surround) the mountaintops，he was reduced to tears.
(3)(应用文写作之欢迎辞)In a word，you are welcome to our school and I hope you can adapt to the new (surround) soon.
Surrounded
surrounding
surroundings
(4)围绕在给你尊重和支持的人的周围会非常有益。
who’ll provide you with respect and support can be very beneficial.
(5)(话题写作之景点介绍)这座小城镇被青山绿水环绕，吸引着来自世界各地的游客。
The small town _________________________________________
____________，attracting visitors from all over the world.
Surrounding yourself with people
写作佳句
is surrounded by/with green mountains and
clear rivers
vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n.帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒[favourable adj.赞成的；有利的；给人好印象的 unfavourable adj.不赞成的；不利的]
2
favour
[教材原句P48]Fortune favours the prepared mind.幸运偏袒有准备的人。
[北师大版]Can you do me a favour and find out what’s going on？你能帮我个忙，看看发生了什么事吗？
ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb请某人帮忙
do sb a favour＝do a favour for sb帮某人的忙
owe sb a favour欠某人一个人情
in favour of赞同，支持
(1)In fact，I am favour of the creative measures on how to create a ___________(favour) living environment for endangered wildlife.
in
favourable
(2)(应用文写作之求助信)我们真诚地希望您能帮我们一个忙，来指导我们如何表演这个短剧。
We sincerely hope that ___________________________________
and come to guide us how to perform the short play.
you can do us a favour/do a favour for us
写作佳句
(3)(2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)当我请出租车司机帮个忙时，他毫不犹豫地帮助了我，我感动得一句话也说不出来了。我欠他一个人情。
When I _______________________________________________
__________，he assisted me without hesitation and so moved was I that I couldn’t say a word.I .
asked the taxi driver a favour/asked a favour of the taxi driver
owed him a favour
vt.& vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管
charge
3
[教材原句P49]When a thunderstorm approached，the lightning would charge the key.当雷雨来临，闪电就会给钥匙充电。
[北师大版]The theatre’s musical director，Michael Umlauf，joined him and together the two men took charge of the orchestra.剧院音乐指挥迈克尔·奥姆洛夫也走上台和他一起指挥乐队。
·charge sb some money for sth就某事向某人索取费用
charge sb with sth因某事而谴责/控告某人
·in charge of负责/掌管(表状态)
in the charge of由……负责/掌管
take charge of掌管(表动作)
free of charge＝for free免费
(1)They charged the buyer too much the house which belonged to their parents.
for
(2)(应用文写作之活动介绍)上周我们就市民是否可以免费参观科学博物馆展开了激烈的讨论。
Last week we had a heated debate about ____________________
___________________________________________.
whether citizens can visit the Science Museum free of charge/for free
写作佳句
(3)(2023·北京，书面表达)你将负责一个以“绿色北京”为主题的俱乐部活动，这是我对这次活动的建议。
①______________________________________________ with the theme of “Green Beijing”，and here are my suggestions for the event.
② with the theme of “Green Beijing” ___________________________，and here are my suggestions for the event.
You will be in charge of/take charge of a club activity
A club activity
will be in the charge of you
vt.包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加(involved adj.复杂的；有牵连的；有关的 involvement n.参与；干预；沉迷)
involve
4
[教材原句P53]I had to ask myself，“Is there some evil involved in science？”我不得不扪心自问：“科学之中是不是也包含罪恶？”
[人教版]As well as studying hard，I’ve been involved in social activities.除了努力学习，我还参加了社会活动。
·involve sb/oneself in (doing) sth把某人(自己)牵涉到(做)某事中；让某
人(自己)参与(做)某事
involve doing...包含做……
·be/get involved in卷入；专注于；参与……中
(1)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involved __________(spend) quite a lot of time with students.
(2)Although the responsibility of educating students mainly lies with schools，parents should involve (they) in their children’s education.
spending
themselves
(3)为了保护我们的传统文化，我们应该让尽可能多的人参与到传统文化的传播中。
To protect our traditional culture，we should _______________
______________its promotion.
(4)所有师生积极参加了这次越野赛跑。
All the teachers and students ______________________________
____________________ the cross-country running race.
involve as many
写作佳句
as possible in
got actively involved in/involved
themselves actively in
[教材原句P53]Of course，if we make good things，it is not only to the credit of science；it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work.当然，如果我们做了善事，不仅归功于科学，还归功于引导我们行善的道德选择。
[人教版]By credit card.用信用卡。
[北师大版]Now I need to work hard at school so I get the grades and credits I need to do a degree in business or communication studies at a university.现在我需要在学校努力学习，这样我才能拿到在大学攻读商学或传播学学位所需要的成绩和学分。
5
credit
n.赞扬，认可；信用 vt.存入金额；把……归于
to the credit of归功于
to one’s credit某人值得赞扬/钦佩
do sb/sth credit＝do credit to sb/sth 使某人/某物值得赞扬
credit card/limit信用卡/额度
on credit赊账
用credit的相关短语填空
(1)Are you paying in cash or by
(2)If you haven’t got enough money，you can buy a computer .
(3) ，John Snow finally found a cure for the severe disease.
(4)It is the team that a car once thought impossible by the world is now a reality.
credit card
on credit
To his credit
to the credit of
使某人失望
let sb down
6
[教材原句P54]Never concerned that the answer may let us down，with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.我们从不担心答案可能会令人失望，带着愉悦和信心，我们翻开每一块新的石头去发现意想不到的奇妙，它们指向更多精妙的问题与奥秘。
let out发出(叫声等)
let alone更不用说
let sb alone不管/不干涉某人
let sth/sb in/out让某物/某人进来/出去
let go (of)放手，松手，放开；使自由
let off steam发泄怒火，宣泄情绪
用let相关短语的正确形式填空
(读后续写之片段描写)After hearing the knock on the door，I my friend，who murmured in tears that what his son had done him______.
I just quietly sat on the sofa，enabling him .He ________
a scream of pain，feeling like a knife cutting through his chest.After he calmed down，I comforted him gently，“We adults can’t put down our cell phones， teenagers.So sometimes our kids and allowing them to play within the given time is also reasonable.” He smiled through tears and nodded his head in agreement.
let in
let
down
to let off steam
let out
let alone
letting go of
vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n.许可证(permission n.许可；允许)
permit
7
[教材原句P54]Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure.要允许我们提问——怀疑——不确定。
[外研版]In order to keep this secret，Captain Nemo tells his three newest passengers that they are not permitted to leave the submarine.为了保守这个秘密，尼摩船长告诫他的三位新乘客永远都不能离开这里。
·permit sb to do sth允许某人做某事
permit doing sth允许做某事
·without permission未经许可，擅自
with one’s permission经某人允许
(1)We don’t permit (launch) a campaign without the government’s (permit).
(2)It is requested that we should not be permitted (take) goods out of the container unless informed.
launching
permission
to take
(3)(应用文写作之邀请信)如果时间允许的话，我的确希望你来参加今年的音乐节。
① ，I do hope you will attend this year’s music festival.(if引导条件状语从句)
② ，I do hope you will attend this year’s music festival.(独立主格结构)
写作佳句
If time permits
Time permitting
vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报(declaration n.宣告，声明)
declare
8
[教材原句P54]...to declare the value of this freedom...……声明这一自由的价值……
[人教版]She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.她听到他说，他第二天不想离开她，而且他不仅仅是想讨她的欢心。
declare...to be/as...宣布……为……
declare war on/against...向……宣战
declare for/against宣称赞成/反对
it is declared that...据宣布……
(1)In September 1939，Britain declared war Germany after Germany invaded Poland.
(2)All the residents declared garbage-sorting in an effort to better protect the environment.
on/against
for
(3)(读后续写之心理描写)当老师宣布我是这次英语演讲比赛的获胜者时，我既惊又喜。
When the teacher of the English Speech Contest，I was surprised and pleased.
写作佳句
declared me to be/as the winner
[教材原句P55]He put forward the theory of evolution by natural selection and published On the Origin of Species in 1859.他提出了自然选择进化论，并于1859年发表了《物种起源》。
提出，提议，建议；推荐；往前拨(钟表指针)；将……提前
put forward
9
put aside把……放到一边；留出(时间)；储存
put off推迟；延期
put up with忍受；容忍
put away把……收拾好；整理；储蓄
put on穿上；上演；增加
put up搭建；张贴；举起；为……提供住宿
put down放下；写下；镇压
put out扑灭，熄灭；生产，制造
(应用文写作之建议信)You write that you have put weight recently and you are in a bad mood，so I put several tips for you.Firstly，I strongly suggest that you should put at least twenty minutes to work out every day indoors or outdoors.Secondly，why not put your weight loss goal on the wall of your bedroom Finally，it would be a good idea if you could help your parents put daily supplies，which is also a kind of physical exercise.I do hope that you can take the above suggestions into account.
on
forward
aside
up
away
[教材原句 P54]Now，we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.如今，我们科学家理所当然地认为，生而有所不知是完全有可能的。
[结构分析]此句是复合句。句中第一个it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语；第二个it作形式主语，不定式to live and not know作真正的主语。
10
it作形式宾语
与“take it for granted＋that从句”用法类似的有rely on/depend on/see to it＋that从句；appreciate it＋if从句；like/hate it＋when从句。
(1)I hate it she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.
(2)A teacher shouldn’t take for granted that every student has understood what he said in class.
when
it
(3)中国的消防员值得信赖。每当我们身处险境，总能依靠他们前来救援。
Firefighters in China are reliable.Whenever we are in danger，we can always .
(4)(2025·新课标Ⅱ，应用文写作)如果您能在那之前定稿，让我们有足够的时间进行编辑，我们将不胜感激。
you could finalize it by then to allow us enough time for editing.
写作佳句
rely on it that they will come to our rescue
返 回
We’d greatly appreciate it if
基础达标检测
1.He was searching for some data (表明) that the theory wasn’t practical.
2.Love will always be a topic of universal interest regardless of race，religion or (国籍).
3.Among the students is a young boy who is very and hard-working.
4.If time ，I will pay a visit to my classmate who has survived a deadly disease.
5.The lecturer intended to tell us under no circumstances should ________
be separated from practice.
indicating
Ⅰ.单词拼写
nationality
intelligent
permits
theory
1.It is natural for us to want to (被……包围) positive，uplifting people.
2.All the problems (提出) at the meeting require to be solved immediately.
3.I am (赞成) exercise，but it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
4.The court declared that the man who (参与……中) the accident should be put into prison.
5.I will (负责) a theme class meeting intended to introduce traditional Chinese culture to foreigners.
be surrounded by/with
Ⅱ.短语填空
put forward
in favour of
was involved in
be in charge of/take charge of
When Rechard Feynman was younger，he thought science was 1.__________(obvious) useful and good.But then during the war he worked on the atomic bomb.This result of science represented the 2.___________(destroy) of people.“Is there some evil 3. (involve) in science？” Feynman had to ask himself.
It was a question he had to answer.He thought long and hard about this question.In this talk，he answered the question of 4. the value of science was.
obviously
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
destruction
involved
what
The first way 5. which science is of value is familiar to us—6.___________(enable) us to do and make all kinds of things.Another value is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us with.The third is the freedom to doubt，which 7. (bear) out of a deep and strong struggle against authority.But scientists take 8. for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.In order to progress，we must not forget the importance of this struggle；we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt.9. (teach) how doubt is not to be feared 10. to be welcomed and discussed，and to demand the freedom of thought for all coming generations are scientists’ responsibilities.
in
enabling
was born
it
返 回
To teach
but
作业4
1.You should surround yourself good people who love you and inspire you.
2.They decided to postpone the trip until the conditions were more ____________(favour).
3.Have you heard that the guy has been charged being involved in the crime
4.The test will involve (answer) questions about a classic titled A Dream of Red Mansions.
with
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
favourable
with
answering
5.You can read the daily newspapers，magazines and other books here，but you are not permitted (take) them out.
to take
1.得知你要来中国学习，我很高兴。(v.-ing作状语)
，I am more than delighted.
2.强烈建议你每天读中文故事和报纸，这样可以帮助你了解中国文化以及提高你的汉语水平。(which引导定语从句)
It is strongly recommended that you should read Chinese stories and newspapers on a daily basis，_____________________________________
_____________________________________.
Ⅱ.主题微写作
Learning that you are coming to study in China
which can help you learn about Chinese culture as well as improve your Chinese
3.此外，你应该把尽可能经常使用汉语定为常规。(it作形式宾语)
What’s more， as often as possible.
4.了解中国的历史并且交许多中国朋友将有助于你更好地学习汉语。(v.-ing 作主语)
_______________________________________________________________will help you learn Chinese better.
you should make it a rule to use Chinese
Getting to know the history of China and making many Chinese friends
5.我确实希望我的建议对你有很大帮助。(be of＋n.)
I do hope that .
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
my suggestions are of great help to you
A
We credit Socrates with the insight that “the unexamined life is not worth living，” and that to “know thyself” is the path to true wisdom.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“使用第三人称自称”的思维模式及其对明智推理的影响的相关研究。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
But when it comes to introspection(内省)，you might easily slip into the “rumination(沉思)” mode.This pattern is likely to cause you to become stuck in the rut of your own thoughts and absorbed in the emotions that might lead you to a wrong way.Research has also shown that people who are likely to ruminate are often at a substantially increased risk of depression.
Instead，scientific research suggests that you should adopt an ancient method favored by Julius Caesar，known as “illeism” which was coined in 1809 from the Latin “ille” meaning “he”.The point of adopting this third person thinking is that such a small change can clear your emotional fog，allowing you to see your biases and helping you know the limits of your understanding of the problem at hand.
A study finds that illeism can also bring long-term benefits to wise reasoning(including elements like taking the perspective of others，recognizing uncertainty，and so on).The finding is the brainchild of Igor Grossmann，a psychologist.According to Grossmann，wise reasoning had long been considered too vague for scientific enquiry.In one of his earlier experiments，he established that as with IQ，the scores of wise reasoning could be achieved and were meaningful.
Grossmann’s latest research team asked nearly 300 participants to describe a challenging social situation，and two psychologists graded them on different aspects of wise reasoning.The participants then had to keep a diary for four weeks.Each day，they had to describe a situation they’d just experienced，such as a disagreement with someone.Half were prompted to do so in the first person，while the others were encouraged to describe their situations from a third person perspective.At the end of the study，all participants repeated the wise reasoning test.
While the control group showed no overall change in their wise reasoning scores，those using illeism improved on their perspective taking and capacity to find a compromise.
Grossmann’s work continues to prove that the subject of wisdom is worthy of experimental studies，indicating wiser reasoning is within everyone’s power.
1.What can be learned about ruminative thinking
A.It’s often adopted by negative people.
B.It causes people to become self-centered.
C.It’s far from an advisable tackling strategy.
D.It ignores people’s inner thoughts and feelings.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段“But when it comes to introspection(内省)，you might easily slip into the ‘rumination(沉思)’ mode...Research has also shown that people who are likely to ruminate are often at a substantially increased risk of depression.”可知，沉思思维远不是一个明智的应对策略。故选C。
解析
2.Which of the following shows the advantage of illeism
A.Helping people win in an argument.
B.Enabling people to stabilize their emotions.
C.Encouraging people to see their own strengths.
D.Offering people a fresh perspective of viewing issues.
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The point of adopting this third person thinking is that such a small change can clear your emotional fog，allowing you to see your biases and helping you know the limits of your understanding of the problem at hand.”可知，该思维模式的好处是为人们提供看待问题的新视角。故选D。
解析
√
3.What do Grossmann’s statements in paragraph 4 imply
A.Various factors can develop wise reasoning.
B.People’s wise reasoning can be measurable.
C.The study of wisdom is rather complicated.
D.Wise reasoning’s benefits are scientifically proven.
推理判断题。根据第四段中“In one of his earlier experiments，he established that as with IQ，the scores of wise reasoning could be achieved and were meaningful.”可推知，人们的明智推理能力是可以衡量的。故选B。
解析
√
4.How do the researchers come to the conclusion of their study
A.By assessing diary keeping’s impact on reasoning.
B.By comparing each participant’s two sets of scores.
C.By testing participants’ ability to handle disagreements.
D.By gaining participants’ attitudes to the first person thinking.
√
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“While the control group showed no overall change in their wise reasoning scores，those using illeism improved on their perspective taking and capacity to find a compromise.”可知，研究人员通过比较两组参与者每个人的分数得出他们的研究结论。故选B。
解析
B(此篇精读)
You may hear the story about the blind men and the elephant.In the story，a group of blind men feel different parts of an elephant—but only one part.One man declares he feels a wall.A second man states he feels a tree.A third，a fan.The others feel a spear，a snake，and a rope.Piecing① together their information，the men realize the parts are the elephant’s body，
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文通过盲人摸象的寓言故事引入科学研究中合作的重要性，并用一些科学家们合作解决棘手问题的例子来阐释科学合作的好处。
legs，ears，tusks，trunk，and tail.Just as the men’s collective② understanding reveals the elephant in full，so do scientists benefit from combining(结合) their professional knowledge and exchanging views together.
In a substantially interconnected③ world，some challenges in science require combining knowledge and resources from different places.By working together，scientists can develop powerful approaches that might not have been possible for a single lab to have achieved.For Whitehead Institute member lain Cheeseman’s lab and Harvard core member Paul Blainey’s lab，
this has meant combining experimental and computational approaches.The two labs developed an approach for removing the function of particular genes(基因) across multiple cells at a time，and then picturing④ the effects under the microscope.The findings were edited onto a web gateway called Vesuvius，which anyone can access.
Researcher Alessandra Dall’Agnese worked together with scientists from MIT and clinicians at Massachusetts General Hospital to explore how condensates(冷凝物) influence gene expression.She remembered a time when she was struggling to figure out⑤ how a change in a particular protein within a condensate would affect cellular signaling.
Arup Chakraborty，a professor of Physics at MIT，offered a physics-based solution.Since then，Dall’Agnese has been able to explain the issue more clearly.Sometimes joint(共同的) efforts between different fields can provide a more holistic approach to tough questions in science and medicine，which can avoid the limitations of any single field.
“Science is very competitive.The more we can help each other succeed，the more at ease⑥ we will be.We are all addressing different questions with similar concepts，but they build upon each other.We are surrounded by a climate that encourages growth and advancement，” says Dall’Agnese.
5.What does the author want to show by mentioning the story in the first paragraph
A.Many people’s lack of objectivity.
B.The link between humans and animals.
C.Ancient people’s unique way of thinking.
D.The value of sharing ideas in scientific work.
√
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Just as the men’s collective understanding reveals the elephant in full，so do scientists benefit from combining(结合) their professional knowledge and exchanging views together.”可推知，作者借用盲人摸象的故事来比喻科学家们通过各自的专长和视角共同解决复杂问题，从而强调在科学工作中分享思想的价值。故选D。
解析
6.How did Cheeseman’s and Paul Blainey’s labs achieve their achievement
A.By combining efforts from different professional fields.
B.By working together to launch a popular science website.
C.By encouraging more labs to join gene editing research.
D.By putting forward a new theory about gene editing.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中“By working together，scientists can develop powerful approaches that might not have been possible for a single lab to have achieved.For Whitehead Institute member lain Cheeseman’s lab and Harvard core member Paul Blainey’s lab，this has meant combining experimental and computational approaches.”可知，这两个实验室将不同领域的专业知识整合起来，从而一起取得了成就。故选A。
解析
7.What does the underlined word “holistic” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Obvious. B.Flexible.
C.Complete. D.Standard.
√
词义猜测题。通读第三段可知，Dall’Agnese在研究冷凝物内特定蛋白质的变化如何影响细胞信号传导时遇到瓶颈，Arup Chakraborty 教授提供了基于物理角度的解决方案，使得Dall’Agnese能够更清晰地解释这个问题。由此可知，不同领域的协作可以提供一种更全面的方法以应对科学和医学中的复杂问题，避免了单个领域的局限性。因此，holistic意为“全面的”。故选C。
解析
8.What does Dall’Agnese emphasize about scientific research
A.Interpersonal skills.
B.Joint partnership.
C.Creative abilities.
D.Competitive spirit.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The more we can help each other succeed，the more at ease we will be.We are all addressing different questions with similar concepts，but they build upon each other.”可知，Dall’Agnese认为科学中需要解决的问题都是相互依赖的，为他人提供的帮助越多，自己就会越轻松，即她强调合作的伙伴关系在科学研究中的重要性。故选B。
解析
①piece熟义：n.一件　生义(文义)： v.______
②collective(派)＝collect＋ive adj.________________
③interconnected(派)＝inter＋connect＋ed adj._____________
④picture 熟义：n.图片，绘画　生义(文义)： v._____
⑤figure out ________________
⑥at ease _____________________
语境猜词
组合
集体的，共同的
互相联系的
描绘
想清楚，弄明白
放松，安逸，自由自在
She remembered a time when she was struggling to figure out how a change in a particular protein within a condensate would affect cellular signaling.
分析：此句为 句。when引导 从句，修饰time；how引导____从句，作figure out的宾语；in a particular protein为介词短语作__________，修饰change；within a condensate为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 。
翻译：_________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
句式分析
复合
定语
宾语
后置定语
protein
她记得有一段时间，她正在努力弄清楚冷凝物内特定蛋白质发生变化会如何影响细胞信号传导。
When I was 7 years old，my family experienced a terrible financial downfall.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章通过叙述作者从童年时期的贫困经历，到成年后通过努力实现财务自由，并最终成为一位教育子女理解金钱价值和生活技能的母亲的故事，来体现个人奋斗和教育的重要性。
Ⅳ.完形填空
We ended up 1 ，living on the streets.What I wanted was just a 2 and dry place to sleep at night.
1.A.alone B.tired
C.homeless D.lost
2.A.warm B.crowded
C.broad D.faraway
√
√
1.alone孤独的；tired疲倦的；homeless无家可归的；lost迷路的。根据后文“living on the streets”可推断，作者一家最终无家可归。故选C项。
2.warm温暖的；crowded拥挤的；broad宽阔的；faraway遥远的。根据上文“living on the streets”和后文“dry place to sleep at night”可推断，晚上在街上睡觉通常又冷又潮，所以作者想在干燥、温暖的地方睡觉。故选A项。
解析
After years’ struggle，we finally got through the tough time.The experience taught me the importance of money and filled me with the 3 to do whatever I wanted so that I wouldn’t be 4 for lack of money.This desire stayed with me as I grew up.
3.A.joy B.duty
C.option D.desire
4.A.cheered up B.held back
C.raised up D.picked out
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3.joy乐趣；duty责任；option选择；desire渴望。 根据第一段最后一句“This desire stayed with me as I grew up.”可知，此处指作者实现愿望的渴望。故选D。
4.cheer up振奋起来；hold back阻碍；raise up提高；pick out挑选出来，辨认出来。根据上文“my family experienced a terrible financial downfall”，再结合后文“for lack of money”可推断作者不想再因为缺乏金钱而受阻。故选B项。
解析
After graduating from college，I worked really hard to 5 my financial goals，and at the age of 28，I made it.As I became a mother，I was able to 6 my children with a high quality of life that I had always desired.
5.A.design B.achieve
C.share D.identify
6.A.provide B.surprise
C.attract D.serve
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5.design设计；achieve实现；share分享；identify 确认。根据前文“I worked really hard”以及后文“my financial goals”，“I made it.”可推断，作者大学毕业后非常努力以实现自己的财务目标，故选B项。
6.provide 提供；surprise使吃惊；attract 吸引；serve服务。根据后文“we could afford them many things”可推断，作者有能力给孩子提供高品质的生活。故选A项。
解析
7 ，though we could afford them many things，my husband and I wanted them to learn the 8 of hard work.
7.A.However B.Obviously
C.Otherwise D.Shortly
8.A.art B.rule
C.value D.impact
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7.however然而；obviously显然；otherwise否则；shortly不久。根据前文“I was able...had always desired.”及后文“my husband and I wanted them to learn the...of hard work”可知，前后文之间存在转折关系，所以要用however。故选A项。
8.art艺术；rule规则；value价值；impact影响。根据前文“though we could afford them many things”可推断，作者和丈夫虽然能够给孩子买得起很多东西，但还是想教会孩子努力工作的价值。故选C项。
解析
We also taught our kids how to manage money so they could 9 any challenge in the future.
9.A.bring B.select
C.face D.choose
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bring带来；select选择；face面对；choose选择。本句前后是因果关系，作者和丈夫教孩子如何管理金钱是为了让孩子能够应对未来的挑战，故选C项。
解析
It doesn’t matter how much money you have： 10 money is what makes you successful.Now our children have come to understand the importance of earning and taking care of their money.They are 11 to earn money through chores and 12 for expensive items they like.
10.A.spotting B.donating
C.spending D.managing
11.A.ordered B.encouraged
C.begged D.forced
12.A.ask B.vote
C.wait D.save
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10.spot找到，发现；donate捐赠；spend花费；manage管理。根据前文“We also taught our kids how to manage money”及后文“Now our children have come to understand the importance of earning and taking care of their money.”可知，此处指理财是你成功的秘诀，故选D项。
11.order命令；encourage鼓励；beg乞求；force强迫。根据上文“understand the importance of earning and taking care of their money”可知，孩子们被鼓励通过做家务挣钱。故选B项。
12.ask要求，问；vote投票；wait等待；save攒，节省。根据上文作者教孩子们如何理财可知，此处是鼓励他们攒钱买喜欢的贵重商品。故选D项。
解析
Our intention for them is to understand the value of things and learn 13 life skills such as how to open a bank account and 14 rents.Above all，I firmly believe that teaching my children good values is the greatest 15 I can give them，because it is more valuable than any material treasure.
13.A.creative B.advanced
C.basic D.limited
14.A.pay B.collect
C.increase D.report
15.A.clue B.gift
C.sign D.fund
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13.creative创造的；advanced高级的；basic基础的；limited有限的。根据后文“such as how to open a bank account”可知，此处指让孩子们学会开银行账户等基本技能。故选C项。
14.pay支付；collect搜集；increase增加；report报道。根据“how to open a bank account”和“and”可知，此处指让孩子们学会支付租金，故选A项。
15.clue线索；gift礼物；sign标志；fund资金。根据后文“it is more valuable than any material treasure”可知，教会孩子们正确的价值观是作者能给的最好的礼物，故选B项。
解析
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