资源简介

(共16张PPT)
Unit 4　课时作业(三)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.The roof 　　　　(倾斜) gently towards the back of the house, allowing rainwater to drain away efficiently.
2.The　　　 　(机械的) parts of the car need to be regularly maintained.
3.He　　 　　(皱眉) as he read the instructions, as if puzzled.
4.The eye is one of the most 　　　　(灵活的) parts of the human body.
5.The doctors were fighting a　　 　　(拼命的) battle to save the boy’s life.
slopes
mechanical
frowned
agile
desperate
6.The artist’s work shows a 　　　 　(一致的) style throughout his career.
7.The car broke down because of a 　　 　　(有故障的) engine part.
8.The children were 　　 　　(跳跃) around the playground,talking and laughing.
9.I 　　　　 (骑自行车) to work every morning, which is not only environmentally friendly but also helps me exercise.
10.For the history project, the old photograph was a valuable 　　　　(线索) about that era.
consistent
faulty
hopping
cycle
clue
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.We should face our 　 　　　(faulty) bravely instead of hiding them.
2.The teacher emphasised the importance of 　　　 　(consistent) in our writing style throughout the essay.
3.Before handing in your exam paper, go 　　　 　 it carefully to avoid simple mistakes.
4.The heavy rain kept the planes　　　　 taking off on time.
5.She tried to 　　　 　(imitation) her favourite actress by adopting a similar accent and body language.
faults
consistency
through
from
imitate
6.When the students heard they’d won the science competition, they were
　　　　 shock, grinning from ear to ear.
7.The little boy pointed 　　　　 the colourful balloon in the sky, shouting with excitement.
8.This young 　　 　　(cycle) participated in a local bike race.
9.The lost hikers shouted 　　 　　(desperate) for help, hoping someone would hear them in the vast forest.
10.The dress was a bit 　　　　(tightly) around the waist, so she decided to go for a larger size.
in
at
cyclist
desperately
tight
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.学生们在小组中积极讨论,想出了许多好主意。(现在分词短语作状语)
2.那就是为什么人们喜欢旅行,旅行能让他们体验不同的文化。(that’s why...)
Discussing actively in groups, the students came up with many good ideas.
That’s why people like travelling, which enables them to experience
different cultures.
3.如果你把这个复杂的问题分解成小部分,你会发现它更容易解决。(break down)
4.我的老师非常有耐心,他总是帮我解决难题。(who引导非限制性定语从句)
If you break down this complex problem into small parts, you’ll find it much
easier to solve.
My teacher, who is very patient, always helps me solve difficult problems.
5.她跳舞的样子就好像她是一个专业舞者。(as though引导方式状语从句)
She dances as though she were a professional dancer.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
There is a profound relationship between science fiction and science.
It is often said that stories change the world,but what is less often heard is that stories change science,and therefore the future.
The use of science fiction to explore our world is similar to scenario
(设想) planning in Futures Studies,which shapes our ideas about the future,and goes beyond predicting artifacts that once seemed impossible to us like Verne’s submarine or the satellites of 2001:A Space Odyssey.
In the words of Dutch researcher Kaloterakis,“Science fiction narratives structure our imaginative models about techno-scientific projects such as robotics or space exploration.”Have you ever wondered how science fiction novels have impacted the idea we have about Artificial Intelligence or how Snow Crash,Neal Stephenson’s novel,has impacted what we now call the Metaverse (元宇宙)
Science fiction helps us define possible futures.It provides us with an understanding of the rules underlying fictional worlds.It also allows us to put technological prototypes (原型) in the context of their use by humans.
But most importantly,it determines the way we structure scientific thought and intervene (干预) in the future.
The richness of “storyworlds”—the “universes” within which stories take place—provides us with detailed rules of the context in which a larger reality unfolds that extends beyond a single story,and has the potential to provide us with deeper learning about the underlying systems that regulate those worlds.
Lastly,the relationship of future narratives to theories such as Social Constructivism has been highlighted by several scholars.A central idea of this sociological theory is that whenever we use words or other symbols to refer to objects in our world we are constructing them.And,therefore,
prediction is also a social construction.In narrating we intervene in the world.In narrating the world,we construct it.In writing science fiction we intervene in the science of the future.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章探讨了科幻小说和未来研究之间的关系。
(　　)1.What is the most important role of science fiction
[A]It provides us with technologies and tools.
[B]It allows us to establish reasonable future.
[C]It decides our thinking and affects the future.
[D]It helps us learn the rules of fictional world.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知,科幻小说最重要的作用是它决定我们构建科学思想和干预未来的方式。故选C。
(　　)2.What do we know about “storyworlds”
[A]There are general rules for a single story.
[B]They are the “universes” where stories happen.
[C]There are no regulations or guiding systems.
[D]They have a potential context within a story.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The richness of ‘storyworlds’—the ‘universes’ within which stories take place”可知,“故事世界”是故事发生的“宇宙”。故选B。
(　　)3.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
[A]Science fiction narratives can construct future world.
[B]The science of future intervenes in today’s science.
[C]Objects can’t be constructed by words or symbols.
[D]Scholars care little about narratives about future.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可推知,科幻小说叙述可以构建未来世界。故选A。
(　　)4.What is the text mainly about
[A]The storyworlds created by science fiction.
[B]Artifacts and technologies in science fiction.
[C]Science fiction narratives affecting future studies.
[D]The relation between science and science fiction.
C
【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段第二句及最后一段最后一句可知,本文主要讲述了科幻小说能够影响对未来的研究。故选C。(共27张PPT)
Unit 4　课时作业(二)
(分值:50分)
I.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.Part of the profit from sales　　　　(be) available for the organisation which has helped collect rubbish off the mountain.
2.Either the CEO or his assistants 　　　　(be) to attend the meeting to be held next weekend in Guangzhou.
3.The government　　　　(believe) that people who don’t have the Internet can get left behind their friends who do.
is
are
believes
4.Listening to loud music at rock concerts 　　　　(have) caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
5.Nobody but Tom and Jane 　　　　(be) there last weekend.
6.Neither food nor clothes 　　　　(have) been sent to the old man since two years ago.
7.Three hours with your old friends 　　 　　(seem) to be a short time.
8.Eighty per cent of my time 　　　　 (spend) on my study every day now.
has
was
have
seems
is spent
9.Sixty per cent of the students in my class 　　　　 (be) fond of outdoor sports.
10.When and where to hold the meeting 　　　　 (be) unknown.
are
is
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.在过去的十年里,这个地区修建了许多房屋。(many a)
2.他读过的每一本书都是关于中国历史的。(every)
Many a house has been built in this area in the past 10 years.
Every book he has read is about the history of China.
3.汤姆和他的父母打算下周去欧洲旅游。(together with)　
Tom, together with his parents,plans to travel to Europe next week.
4.听音乐让我在忙碌的一天之后得到放松。(动词-ing短语作主语)
5.她班上的每个女孩都喜欢流行音乐。(each)
Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.
Each of the girls in her class is fond of pop music.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　Going into my doctoral programme, I knew I loved to communicate science to the public as much as I liked doing science. But research soon consumed most of my time. Gradually, I felt I was losing touch with the bigger picture of why science matters.
To escape, I spent a weekend with some friends. They were excited to share stories about the latest books they’d read. But I couldn’t remember the last book I had read for fun. And I found myself mostly talking about my research. As I struggled to convey its broader relevance, I noticed the enthusiasm in my voice disappeared. “Is my doctoral programme killing my love of science ” I thought. I knew I had been living in a scientific bubble (泡泡), but that bubble seemed to grow smaller and smaller as the weekend progressed.
When I returned home, I resolved to read more for pleasure. I was recommended a science fiction book, so I started with that. It was like nothing that I had ever read before. I was really into it. I was blown away by the scientifically reasonable technologies and scenes. It was refreshing to think about science in a new way.
I kept reading science fiction in the years after I finished my doctoral programme. But I still hadn’t gotten back to communicating science to the public. Then, one night I found myself in a conversation with my new colleagues about science fiction concepts. One invited me to speak at the pop culture lecture.
When the day came,I felt nervous until I saw the eager attendees. After I finished, I was surrounded with enthusiastic audience. It suddenly occurred to me that this was my path back to science communication. Since then, I’ve given more than 20 talks, exploring concepts like genetic engineering and Human Machine Interface.
For young researchers, it’s easy to slide into a scientific bubble. I’m glad that science fiction gave me a way to break out. It not only provided something fun to do in my spare time. It also helped me professionally, fueling my ability to communicate the wonders of science to the public.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章叙述了作者因从事科研一直忙于实验室工作而无法向大众普及科学知识,后来他成功地通过科幻小说来向大众普及科学知识,重拾了对科学的热情。
(　　)1.What did the author realise at that weekend
[A]He couldn’t fit in a new environment.
[B]His memory was declining with time.
[C]He lost passion for science communication.
[D]His knowledge was only a scientific bubble.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As I struggled to convey... I thought.”可知,当作者向朋友们讲述科学话题时,他进行科普的热情没有了。故选C。
(　　)2.Why did the author like science fiction
[A]Because he wanted to find inspirations from it.
[B]Because he wanted to put his knowledge to use.　
[C]Because it could explain many physical phenomena.
[D]Because it offered him a new angle to look at science.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,作者认为科幻小说能够让他以一种新的方式思考科学,这是令人耳目一新的。也就是科幻小说给了他一个看待科学的新角度。故选D。
(　　)3.Which word can be used to describe the lecture
[A]Successful.
[B]Unique.
[C]Classic.
[D]Common.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“After I finished, I was... to science communication.”可知,在作者完成演讲后,热情的观众围住他,并且他从此萌生了利用演讲的方式普及科学知识的想法。由此可推知,这次讲座成功了,所以他才受到激励。故选A。
(　　)4.What is the aim of this passage
[A]To introduce science fiction.
[B]To prove how important science is.
[C]To emphasise the author’s love for science.
[D]To show how science fiction helped the author.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知,在接触科幻小说后,他向大众普及科学知识的愿望实现了。由此可推知,作者的写作目的是讲述科幻小说对他的影响和帮助。故选D。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
When Sanger and Wu got together,they 1.　　 　　 (realise) right away that they had something in common.Both firm advocates of the fight
2.　　　　 air pollution,they believe that if you can’t measure it,you can’t beat it.That’s 3.　　　　 they founded Green City Solutions: the solution to quantifiably improve city air.
realised
against
why
Their 4.　　　　 (invent),the CityTree,acts as an air purifier (净化器) and a spectacular plant display.Air pollution can 5.　　 　　 (eat) by the vertical flat-paneled (平面的) “trees” dotted around cities across Europe.
The “trees” also act as seats for pedestrians.Sanger and Wu’s vision is for a world,in which people in cities can live 6.　　 　　 (healthy).They long to create living conditions that allow all people around the world to permanently have cleaner air 7.　　　 　 (breathe).
invention
be eaten
healthily
to breathe
The CityTree combines 8.　　　　 air purifying feature of moss with remote technology to increase the air flow through the “trees”.This allows them to “suck up” and clean more air than normal,and the amount they filter can be increased 9.　　　 　 (depend) on pollution levels at different times of a day.
The German company was funded by the European Commission to set up a CityTree network of 15 brand new units and test it in a 10.
(science) way in Berlin’s pollution hot spots.
the
depending
scientific
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了Sanger和 Wu 创办的一家公司研发出的可以过滤空气中污染物的“城市树”。
1.【答案】 realised
【解析】 考查动词时态。设空处作谓语,且根据句中的got和 had 可知,此处也应用一般过去时。故填realised。
2.【答案】 against
【解析】 考查介词。fight 作名词,表示“与……进行的斗争”时与介词 against 连用。根据语境可知,此处表示“与……进行的斗争”。故填against。
3.【答案】 why
【解析】 考查固定句型。根据语境可知,此处表示“那就是为什么他们创建了……”,应用“that’s why...”句型,其中why引导表语从句。故填why。
4.【答案】 invention
【解析】 考查名词。根据空前的Their可知,此处应用名词;根据空后的 the CityTree可知,应用单数形式。故填invention。
5.【答案】 be eaten
【解析】 考查被动语态。主语是Air pollution,与eat构成动宾关系,应用被动语态,且空前是情态动词can。故填 be eaten。
6.【答案】 healthily
【解析】 考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词live,应用副词形式。故填 healthily。
7.【答案】 to breathe
【解析】 考查动词不定式。此处是动词不定式作后置定语,修饰cleaner air。故填 to breathe。
8.【答案】 the
【解析】 考查冠词。根据语境可知,此处是特指air purifying feature of moss。故填the。
9.【答案】 depending
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,设空处是非谓语动词短语作状语;主语the amount与depend on是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词形式。故填depending。
10.【答案】 scientific
【解析】 考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词way。故填scientific。(共90张PPT)
Unit 4　
A glimpse of the future
[头脑风暴·思维发散]
In the future,artificial intelligence will serve as an indispensable assistant,potentially revolutionising our daily lives.With its immense capacity,AI is on the horizon to solve complex problems.We are bound to see a surge in demand for its services.However,couldn’t artificial intelligence have errors Can it remain consistent when interacting with humans Will it pose a threat to our existence Let’s explore it together.
在未来,人工智能将充当一个不可或缺的助手,有可能彻底改变我们的日常生活。凭借其巨大的能力,人工智能即将解决复杂的问题。我们一定会看到对其服务的需求的激增。然而,人工智能难道不会出错吗 它在与人类互动时能保持一致吗 它会对我们的存在构成威胁吗 让我们一起来探索吧。
Starting out,Understanding ideas,Using language
Part 1
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　　 adj.人造的,人工的
2. adj.可能的
3. n.需要,需求
写作词汇
artificial
bound
demand
1.humanity　　　 n.
2.susceptible adj.
3.victim n.
4.leap n.
5.client n.
6.cite v.
7.horizon n.
8.reckon v.
9.cell n.
阅读词汇
人类
易受影响的
受害者
剧变
客户,客人,顾客
引用,引述
地平线
认为,以为
细胞
拓展词汇
1. n.助手,助理→assist v.帮助,协助→assistance n.帮助,援助
2. adv.潜在地→potential adj.潜在的→potentiality n.潜力;潜在性
3. n.自动化→automatic adj.自动的→automatically adv.自动地
4. n.能力,才能→capability n.能力,才能→capable adj.有能力的
5. v.分析→analysis n.分析
6. v.控制,管理→regulation n.管理,控制;规则
assistant
potentially
automation
capacity
analyse
regulate
7. adj.非法的,违法的→illegally adv.非法地→(反义词)legal adj.合法的;法律的
8. adj.不道德的,道德败坏的→(反义词)moral adj.道德的→
morality n.道德
9. v.评价,评定→assessment n.评定,评估
10. n.自行车→cycling n.骑自行车运动(或活动)→cyclist n.骑自行车的人
illegal
immoral
assess
cycle
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.go on sale　　　　　　　　
2.in the words of sb
3.speaking of
4.be susceptible to
5.hit the market
6.on the whole
上市;发售
用某人的话来说
说到,谈到
对……敏感;易受……影响
投放市场,上市
总的来说,总之
7.be capable of
8.wipe out
9.fall into the wrong hands
10.go away
11.have no choice but to do
12.on the horizon
13.get one’s hopes up
14.around the corner
15.be bound to
能够
消灭;彻底摧毁;擦掉
落入坏人手中
(症状)消失; 离开
别无选择只能做
将要发生
使某人充满希望
即将到来;在附近
很有可能,肯定会
重点句型
1.Thanks to AI,I’ve got my own super-smart personal assistant
.(过去分词短语作定语)
多亏了人工智能,我才可以在手机中内置个人超级智能私人助手。
2.Every recommendation she gives me is great
.(since引导原因状语从句)
因为她可以预测我是否会喜欢某一个餐厅,所以她给我的每一个建议都
很棒。
built into my phone
since she can predict if I will
like a particular restaurant
3.Still,I that developments in AI will on the whole make doing day-to-day things a lot easier.(do表示强调)
不过,我确实认为,总体而言,人工智能的发展将使日常工作变得更加容易。
4.I believe most of the value of AI lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data,
.(which引导非限制性定语从句;that引导限制性定语从句)
我认为人工智能的大部分价值在于它分析和解析庞大数据的能力,也就是说它甚至能够解决对于人类专家来说十分具有挑战性的问题。
do think
which means it can even solve problems that are too
challenging for human experts
5.I think it’s also fair to say that we can get our hopes up
,such as cancer.(when it comes to...当涉及某事时)
我认为,也可以公平地说,在寻找癌症等严重疾病的治疗方法方面,我们可以燃起希望。
when it comes to
finding cures for serious diseases
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:科技与生活——人工智能的利与弊
2.语篇类型:议论文
3.课文内容分析:文章主要叙述了三位网友通过举例表明了各自对人工智能的作用及影响的看法。阅读本文有利于促进学生对现代科技发展的了解和认识,培养学生正确看待科技的态度。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
thoughts
easier
challenges
experts
to embrace
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.What is Millenniumbutterfly’s attitude to AI
[A]Critical.
[B]Negative.
[C]Objective.
[D]Positive.
D
(　　)2.What can we learn about AI according to Popkid
[A]AI cannot think independently without programming.
[B]AI can help us solve all the problems.
[C]Humans can’t be regarded as enemy by AI.
[D]AI will bring about more jobs to people.
A
(　　)3.What does “it” refer to in the sentence “If not,it might wipe us all out!” in Paragraph 3
[A]A less advanced form of AI.
[B]AI.
[C]Human’s thoughts.
[D]The use of AI.
B
(　　)4.Where will we probably find this article
[A]In a health report.
[B]In a medical report.
[C]In a science report.
[D]In an agricultural report.
C
二次开发·深研课文
▲
Is artificial intelligence the biggest threat to our existence Technology of Tomorrow Forum has had a discussion about the development of AI.
Millenniumbutterfly has got her own super-smart personal 1.
(assist) built into her phone.It makes him save time and gives him great recommendations.2.　 　　　(speak) of hanging out,she thinks self-driving cars can make judgements 3.　　　 　(base) on information.Since they won’t be susceptible 4. 　　 human error,they’ll certainly be a lot safer.
assistant
Speaking
based
to
In the eyes of Popkid,the truth is 5.　　　　 none of us is prepared for the challenges of AI.It might think we’re valuable enough to keep around.If not,it might wipe 6.　　　　(we) all out! Despite 7.　　　　 convenience of self-driving cars,we should think about all the taxi drivers who would lose their jobs.
Pink_haze believes most of the value of AI 8.　　　(lie) in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data,but super-intelligent AI could also be the 9.　　　 　(danger) if it goes wrong or falls into the wrong hands.
that
us
the
lies
most dangerous
However,AI is not going to go away.We have no choice but 10.
　 　　　(embrace) it and regulate it.
to embrace
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.assistant n.助手,助理 adj.副的,助理的
·assist v.帮助,协助
·assistance n.帮助,援助
[教材原句] Thanks to AI,I’ve got my own super-smart personal assistant built into my phone.
多亏了人工智能,我才可以在手机中内置个人超级智能私人助手。
[例] (2024·浙江1月卷)So,I called Directory Assistance,got put through to our landlady’s managing agent,and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.
所以,我打电话给查号台,接通了女房东的经纪人,他们给了我一把备用钥匙,刚好来得及在演员们到来之前回去。
[例] Equipped with excellent professionalism,I do believe that I am qualified to be your teaching assistant.
我具备优秀的专业素养,相信我有资格成为你们的助教。
[例] (读后续写之动作描写)Despite his cries,no one came to his assistance.
尽管他大声喊叫,却没有人来帮助他。
come/go to sb’s assistance 来/去帮助某人
归纳拓展
·assist sb to do/in doing sth 帮助某人做某事
assist (sb) with sth帮助(某人)做某事
·come/go to sb’s assistance 来/去帮助某人
with the assistance of...在……的帮助下
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The photographer needs an 　　　　(assist) to edit the photos.
The charity aims to provide 　　 　　(assist) for the people in need.
When he moved to the new community and moved the furniture to his new house,many neighbours 　　　　　 　　　　　　　(来帮助他),which made him grateful to them.
He made much progress in physics 　　　　　　　　　　　　(在……的帮助下) his elder brother.
assistant
assistance
came to his assistance
with the assistance of
语
境
串
词
My assistant provided me with wonderful assistance during the meeting,
which greatly assisted me in presenting my ideas effectively.
我的助理在会议期间为我提供了极好的帮助,这极大地协助了我有效地展示我的想法。
assist sb to do/in doing sth 帮助某人做某事
2.hang out闲逛,逗留;晾晒(衣服)
[教材原句] And speaking of hanging out,I’m hoping that self-driving cars are available soon.
说到出去玩,我希望自动驾驶汽车能很快面世。
[例] It is a fantastic place to walk along and we can just hang out and have a good time.
这是一个散步的好地方,我们可以出去走走,玩得很开心。
[例] I like to hang out at the mall with my friends at weekends.
周末我喜欢和朋友们一起去商场闲逛。
归纳拓展
hang about/around (在某处)等待;闲逛;徘徊
hang about/around with sb跟某人长时间待在一起;与某人
闲逛
hang on紧紧抓住;等一下;坚持
hang on to sth紧紧抓住某物;保留某物
hang up挂断电话;搁置,拖延
[语境运用] 完成句子
The little boy used to 　　　　　　　 　　　　(闲逛) with his friends after school.
　　　　　　　　　　　　(坚持你的目标) until you achieve success.
Someone called me up last night,but he 　　　　　　　　(挂断电话) before I could answer it.
hang out/about/around
Hang on to your aim
hung up
3.capacity n.能力,才能;容量,容纳能力
·capable adj.有能力的;能干的,能力强的
[教材原句] I believe most of the value of AI lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data,which means it can even solve problems that are too challenging for human experts.
我认为人工智能的大部分价值在于它分析和解析庞大数据的能力,也就是说它甚至能够解决对于人类专家来说十分具有挑战性的问题。
[例] (2024·北京卷)These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language,which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways.
这些能力因我们的语言能力而得到强化,这使得社会实践以极其隐晦的方式发展。
[例] (应用文写作之申请信)With a capacity to speak/for speaking fluent English,I have no difficulty communicating with foreign visitors.
我能说一口流利的英语,在与外国游客交流方面没有困难。
a capacity to do sth/for doing sth做某事的能力
[例] She has an enormous capacity for hard work.
她特别能吃苦耐劳。
归纳拓展
·a capacity to do sth/for doing sth做某事的能力
have the capacity to do sth/of doing sth 有做某事的能力
beyond one’s capacity 超出某人的能力范围
in one’s capacity as=in the capacity of有……的资格
·be capable of doing sth有能力做某事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/翻译句子
Limited resources are restricting our capacity 　　　　 developing new products.
She is　　　　(capacity) of achieving great success in her career,given her dedication and hard work.
现在,用英语写一本小说超出了我的能力范围。
for
capable
Now,writing a novel in English is beyond my capacity.
4.result in导致,造成
[教材原句] Time travel could result in a paradox—an event that contradicts itself.
时间旅行可能导致悖论——一个自相矛盾的事件。
[例] Drivers’ careless driving often results in traffic accidents.
驾驶员的粗心驾驶往往会导致交通事故。
[例] The lack of rain this year has resulted in a severe drought in the region.
今年降雨稀少,导致该地区发生了严重旱灾。
归纳拓展
·result from 由……引起;起因于
·as a result 因此,结果(是)
as a result of 由于;作为……的结果
[语境运用] 完成句子
Any violation of the rules will 　　　 　(导致) immediate disqualification.That is to say,competitors must obey the rules and maintain high concentration to avoid disqualification 　　　　　 　　　(起因于) violation of rules.
The train was delayed 　　　　　　　　　(由于) the heavy rain.
She defeated all competitors and won the scholarship 　　　 　　(结果).
result in
resulting from
as a result of
as a result
5.bound adj.可能的,必然的;有义务的;准备前往(某地)的 vi.跳跃着跑 n.跳跃;范围;界限
[教材原句] Some of these ideas may sound far ahead of their time,but I’m sure they’re bound to happen sooner or later!
其中一些想法听起来可能远远超前于他们的时代,但我相信它们迟早会
发生的!
[例] (应用文写作之活动介绍)As an enthusiast in culture,you are bound to be thrilled at those fantastic exhibitions.
作为一个文化爱好者,你一定会为那些精彩的展览感到兴奋。
[例] (读后续写之动作描写)He bounded into the room and announced the exciting news.
他蹦蹦跳跳地进了房间,宣布了这个令人兴奋的消息。
be bound to do/be...很有可能/一定会做/是……
归纳拓展
be bound to do/be...很有可能/一定会做/是……
be bound by 被……束缚/约束
be bound for+地点 开往某地,准备前往某地
be bound from...to...从……开往……
be bound up in忙于……;热衷于……
[语境运用] 完成句子
如果我们选择被过去束缚,我们将永远无法前进。
If we choose to 　　　　　　　　 the past,we will never move forward.
这列火车是从上海开往南京的。
The train 　　　　 　　　　 Shanghai to Nanjing.
如果你继续这样努力工作,机会一定会眷顾你。
If you keep on working hard like this,chances 　　　　　　　　 favour you.
他毕生专注于核物理的研究工作。
His life 　　　　　　　　　　　 the study of nuclear physics.
be bound by
is bound from
are bound to
was bound up in
6.demand n.需要,需求 vt.强烈要求;需要
·demanding adj.要求高的,苛刻的;费时费力的
[教材原句] As well as faster,safer and more comfortable transport being just around the corner,we can also get our hopes up about shorter waiting times,
with companies intending to provide on-demand services.
除了即将出现更快、更安全、更舒适的交通工具,我们也对更短的等待时间抱有很大期望,因为许多公司打算提供按需服务项目。
[例] (2024·北京卷)Social benefits are accompanied by social demands:we must get along,but not put up with too much.
社会利益伴随着社会需求: 我们必须和睦相处,但不能容忍太多。
[例] With people’s awareness of health improved,the kind of fitness facility is in great demand in China.
随着人们健康意识的增强,这种健身设施在中国需求量很大。
be in (great) demand 需求量(很)大;(迫切)需求
归纳拓展
·a/the demand for...对……的需求/要求
meet/satisfy one’s demands (for...) 满足某人(对……)的需求/要求
be in (great) demand 需求量(很)大;(迫切)需求
on demand 根据需要,一经要求
·demand to do sth 要求做某事
demand that...(should) do sth 要求……做某事(从句用虚拟语气)
demand sth from/of sb向某人要求某物
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
These kinds of books are quite popular;they are 　　　　 great demand in this city.
This is a 　　 　　(demand) job and a small mistake can make a difference.
It’s impossible to 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　(满足你所有的要求).
She demanded
(他归还从她那儿借的那些书).
She demanded 　　　 　(被告知) everything about the accident because she was concerned about it.
in
demanding
meet/satisfy all your demands
that he (should) return the books he had borrowed from her
to be told
重点句式
while引导让步状语从句
▲
But while super-intelligent AI could be the biggest leap forward in human history,if it goes wrong or falls into the wrong hands,it could also be the most dangerous.
虽然超智能AI可能是人类有史以来的最大飞跃,但如果出错或者落入坏人手中,它同时可能是最危险的。
[例] (2024·浙江1月卷)Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home or you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
要么你买的东西太重不能带回家,要么你买的东西虽然还新鲜但是不能用。
[例] While the students came from different countries,they got along well in the summer camp.
虽然这些学生来自不同的国家,但他们在夏令营里相处得很好。
归纳拓展
while既可用作连词,也可用作名词。
(1)用作连词:
·表示“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句;
·表示“在……期间;当……的时候”,引导时间状语从句;
·表示“只要”,引导条件状语从句;
·表示“而;然而”,是并列连词,构成并列句。
(2)用作名词,表示“一会儿;一段时间”,如:after a while过了一会儿;once in a while偶尔,间或。
[语境运用] 完成句子
(读后续写之动作描写) Suddenly the boy slipped into a pit
　　　　　　　　　　　　(当他跑着的时候) and started
shouting and asking for help.
(读后续写之动作描写)The girls had a fantastic time by singing and dancing,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　(而Lucy却独自
默默地坐在角落里).
while he was running
while Lucy sat in the corner silently alone
As we all know,　　　　　　　　　　　　 　(只要活着就有希望).
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(尽管大雨倾盆而下),they insisted on going for a walk to enjoy the unique charm of the rainy city.
while there is life,there is hope
While the rain was pouring down
长难句分析
[教材原句] I believe most of the value of AI lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data, which means it can even solve problems that are too challenging for human experts.
尝试分析:本句为主从复合句。句中 为省略关系词that的宾语从句; 为which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的主句; 为省略关系词that的宾语从句; 为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词problems。
自主翻译:我认为人工智能的大部分价值在于它分析和解析庞大数据的能力,也就是说它甚至能够解决对于人类专家来说十分具有挑战性的问题。
[语境运用] 情境写作
我父亲说,教育的价值在于它改变和塑造人们思想的力量,这意味着它甚至可以影响来自不同地方和时代的人。
My father said the value of education lies in its power to change and shape the mind of people,which means it can even influence people that come from different places and times.
语法微专题4
主谓一致(2)
语法原句再现
She always has an immediate answer for any question I put to her,and even uses my answers to learn more about my preferences.
It used to feel like 50 per cent of my time was spent researching new restaurants.
Every recommendation she gives me is great since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant.
As it is,almost 50 per cent of US jobs are at risk from automation in the next 20 years.
The truth is that none of us is prepared for the challenges of AI.
请注意上述句中的黑体部分,判断主谓是否一致。
语法知识点拨
主谓一致,即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。
一、语法一致原则
语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上必须保持一致,即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。主要适用于以下几种情况:
1.不可数名词或可数名词单数形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;可数名词的复数形式作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Every part is carefully checked before they are put together.
组装之前,每一个部件都被仔细检查过。
These toys are designed for children under three years old.
这些玩具是为三岁以下的儿童设计的。
2.复合不定代词 anyone、anything、someone、somebody、something、everyone、everybody、everything、nobody、nothing等在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Nothing is more important than health.
没有什么比健康更重要。
Someone is waiting for you at the school gate.
有人正在学校门口等你。
3.当each、either、neither 作主语或主语由each、either、every、neither、no 所修饰时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Either is acceptable.
任何一个都可以接受。
Each of the houses is painted a different colour.
每所房子都涂成了不同的颜色。
4.单个的动词不定式、动词-ing(短语)或主语从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Swimming outdoors in summer is a good sport,but to swim outdoors in winter needs great willpower.
夏天在室外游泳是一项很好的运动,但冬天在室外游泳需要极强的意志力。
How he managed to solve the problem remains a mystery.
他是如何解决这个问题的仍然是个谜。
5.由as well as、along with、together with、with、rather than、but、except、besides、in addition to、like、including等连接两部分名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词与介词(短语)或连接词前面的主语保持一致。
The teacher as well as the students likes the painting.
老师和学生们都喜欢这幅画。
Tom,along with his friends,goes skating every Saturday.
每个星期六,汤姆都和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。
6.“many a(n) (许多)/more than one (不止一个)+可数名词单数”作主语时,尽管从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词仍用单数形式。
Many a book is worth reading more than once.
许多书都值得多读几遍。
More than one student is interested in this new project.
不止一个学生对这个新项目感兴趣。
7.“one of+可数名词复数”后跟定语从句时,从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式;而“the (only) one of+可数名词复数”后跟定语从句时,从句中的谓语动词应用单数形式。
He was one of the students who were given a prize.
他是获奖的学生之一。
He was the only one of the students who was given a prize.
他是学生中唯一一个获奖的。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
Many a student 　　　　 (be) selected to take part in the English competition,and more than one teacher 　　　　 (have) coached them on speaking and writing.
Cathy,as well as her cousins,　　 　　 (study) Chinese in China now.
The teacher,along with her students,　　 　 (be) going to attend the lecture.
To learn a new language 　　 　　 (require) patience.
I,who 　　　　 (be) your best friend,will surely stand on your side.
was
has
is studying
is
requires
am
二、意义一致原则
意义一致原则是指从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。主语所表达的单复数概念并不总是根据主语的形式,有时要根据它所表达的意义来确定。主要适用于以下几种情况:
1.and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如果and所连接的两个单数名词指的是同一个人、同一件事或表示整体概念时,则谓语动词用单数形式,这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。
The owner and the editor-in-chief of the newspaper are to attend the conference.
这家报纸的老板和主编将参加这次会议。
A poet and artist is coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
明天下午一个诗人兼艺术家将来给我们做关于中国文学和绘画的演讲。
2.all、none、some、any等不定代词作主语时,谓语动词的数根据其指代的内容而定。
All are here and all is ready.
所有的人都已到达,一切准备就绪。
None have arrived yet.
还无人到来。
None is more qualified for the task than him.
没有人比他更能胜任这项任务了。
none (of )作主语时,若指不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;若指可数名词复数,谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式。
温馨提示
3.“all/most/half/some/the rest of+名词/代词”或“分数/百分数+名词/代词”作主语时,若名词或代词表示单数概念或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式;若表示复数概念,谓语动词用复数形式。
The rest of the time is limited yet the rest of the projects require more attention.
剩下的时间有限,但剩下的项目需要更多关注。
Twenty per cent of the workers here are women.
这儿百分之二十的工人是女性。
4.表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时,常被当作一个整体来看待,谓语动词常用单数形式,但有时为了强调数量之多,也可用复数形式。
Three hours is enough to finish this task.
三个小时足够完成这项任务了。
5.“the+形容词/分词”表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式。
The old need more care and attention from society.
老年人需要社会给予更多的关爱和照顾。
6.“a number of...(许多……)”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of...(……的数量)”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of students have gone home.
许多学生已经回家了。
The number of students in our class is fifty.
我们班的学生人数是五十。
a great deal of及a large amount of修饰不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式;large amounts of修饰不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
The conductor and composer 　　 　　 (greet) by a crowd of people.
As I have a meeting at four,ten minutes 　　　　 (be) all that I can spare to talk with you.
Two fifths of the land in that district 　　　　 (be) covered with trees and grass.
is greeted
is
is
三、就近原则
就近原则是指谓语动词的人称和数往往与离其最近的主语保持一致。主要适用于以下情况。
1.“either...or...”、“...or...”、“neither...nor...”、“not only...but also...”、“not...but...”等连接的名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的人称和数由与其最近的名词或代词决定。
Neither he nor I am good at dancing.
他和我都不擅长跳舞。
Not only I but also my parents are interested in music.
不仅我对音乐感兴趣,我的父母也感兴趣。
2.there be句型中的be动词应与离其最近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持
一致。
There is a pen,two books and many pencils on the desk.
桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多铅笔。
There are two books,a pen and many pencils on the desk.
桌上有两本书、一支钢笔和许多铅笔。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
Either my friends or I 　　　　(be) going to the concert.
The pen or the pencils 　　　　(be) in the drawer.
Not the parents but the child 　　　　(be) afraid of the dark.
am
are
is
真题体验
1.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Further,the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 　　　　(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road,by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词。本句描述的是现实情况,应用一般现在时,主语为the Silk Route Garden,表示单数概念。故填walks。
walks
2.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about
　　　　(be) also Shakespeare’s concerns.
【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词。本句描述的是过去的情况,应用一般过去时,主语为Some of the things,表示复数概念。故填were。
were
3.(2024·全国甲卷)They 　　　　(be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词。本句描述的是过去的情况,应用一般过去时,主语为They,表示复数概念。故填were。
were
4.(2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years,some supermarkets
　　 　　(start) selling chicken or salad in packs
designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词。根据时间状语Over the last two years可知,应用现在完成时,主语为some supermarkets,表示复数概念。故填have started。
have started
5.(2024·北京卷)When we slow down,we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions,which helps us identify important areas of our lives and 　　 　　(give) us the opportunity to make right choices.
【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词。本句描述的是现实情况,且此处与动词helps并列,应用一般现在时,主语为which,表示单数概念。故填gives。
gives
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.Either the manager or his assistants 　　　　(be) to attend the meeting.
2.More than one picture 　　 　　(show) that over 70% of the island
　　　　(be) covered by water.
3.Neither the students nor the teacher 　　　　(be) present at the activity because of the heavy rain yesterday.
4.Most of the artists will go to the United States next week.The rest
　　 　　(be) to visit Japan.
are
shows
is
was
are
5.None of us 　 　　　(seem) to have thought of it.
6.All 　　　　(be) eager to reach an agreement.
7.Each of the companies 　　　 　 (support) the local charity at present.
8.We each 　 　(have) a different point of view.Each of us 　　　　(have) got something to say.
9.Jack,as well as his relatives and friends,　　 　　(hold) a party now.
10.Many a book on the shelf 　　　　(be) about architecture.
seem/seems
are
supports
have
has
is holding
is
Ⅱ.语篇填空
In my daily life,reading and writing are essential 1.　　　　(activity) that keep me engaged.My schedule consistently 2.　　 　　(reflect) this,with each day witnessing me devoting an hour 3.　　　 reading English novels,where the subject-verb agreement in sentences 4.　　 　(challenge) and 5.
(strengthen) my grammar skills.My teacher,who always 6.　　 　　(emphasise) the importance of correct subject-verb consistency,7.　　 　　(assign) exercises every day 8.　　 　　 I diligently complete.This routine,where my words match the grammatical rules I’ve learnt,9.　　 　　(ensure) that my writing flows smoothly 10.　　　　 my understanding deepens.
activities
reflects
to
challenges
strengthens
emphasises
assigns
that/which
ensures
and(共34张PPT)
Unit 4　课时作业(四)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.bound
(分值:52.5分)
单元知识综合练
A.adj.一定会;很可能会　B.vi.跳跃着跑　C.n.范围;界限
①There are so many dark clouds in the sky.It’s bound to rain soon.　　　
②I will try my best within the bounds of my abilities.　　　
③The dog bounded down the hill.　　　
A
C
B
2.capacity
A.n.容量,容积　B.n.能力　C.n.职位
①He has a great capacity for learning languages.　　　
②She worked here in the capacity of manager.　　　
③The concert hall has a seating capacity of 2,000 people.　　　
B
A
C
3.go through
A.仔细检查　 B.经历;遭受　C.穿过　D.获得批准通过
①The law didn’t go through at the meeting.　　　
②Not until he went through real hardships did he realise the warmth of home.　　　
③He went through my composition and corrected every mistake.　　　
④Go through the gate, and you’ll see the house on your left.　　　
D
B
A
C
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
In today’s fast-paced world, comfort and relaxation are keys to people’s daily lives. People want to have their tasks finished as quickly and as efficiently as possible. We all search for convenience. 1.　　　. Here are the top Smart Home trends to follow. With these all by your side, you can transform your living.
D
Improved home safety and privacy
2.　　　. Security firms are now offering some very next-level security systems that safeguard homes and protect privacy. Artificial Intelligence biometric authentication (生物特征认证), robust protection against cyberattacks, advanced cameras, and alarm systems are some examples of Smart Home solutions.
F
Voice assistant smart technology
Voice assistant smart technology helps users do a lot, like turning on music, computers, TV and other devices inside their homes! 3.　　　.Such technology can assist you in better everyday living!
4.　　
You can also use Smart Home technology to help you with everyday household chores! You can stay in bed in your pyjamas (睡衣裤) while your AI vacuum cleaner does all the work for you!
G
A
Smart healthcare technology
Smart devices allow fast communication with medical professionals over the Internet. These can significantly help in case of emergencies. 5G technology is also coming up, allowing devices to function without any wires.5.　　　.
E
A.Smart home cleaning
B.Smart touchless technology
C.We all want our homes to look nice and bright
D.That’s why more and more people are interested in Smart Home
E.All of these can help in certain situations when a quick reaction is necessary
F.Safety and privacy are always the most important things for every homeowner
G.It also helps in making a cozy atmosphere by adjusting temperature and lighting
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了智能家居的趋势以及智能家居给人们生活带来的便利。
1.【答案】 D
【解析】 上文提到了人们都在寻求生活的便利,D项与上文构成因果关系,符合语境。故选D。
2.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据本段小标题Improved home safety and privacy可知,F项与之相呼应,强调了安全和隐私的重要性,且位于段首,起到了引领本段的作用。故选F。
3.【答案】 G
【解析】 上文提到语音助手技术可以帮助用户做很多事情,G项进一步补充说明了语音助手技术的另一个功能,符合语境。故选G。
4.【答案】 A
【解析】 设空处为段落小标题。下文提到智能家居技术可以帮助完成清洁工作,A项准确概括了本段内容,符合语境。故选A。
5.【答案】 E
【解析】 上文提到智能设备和5G技术在紧急情况下可以提供帮助,E项总结上文,符合语境。故选E。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March—　1　 six months out of the year.
“Of course,we　2　 it when the sun is shining,” says Ro,who works for the town’s tourism office.“We see the sky is　3　,but down in the valley it’s darker—it’s like on a　4　 day.”
But that changed when a system of high-tech　5　was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighbouring peaks (山峰) into the valley below.One day,residents (居民) of Rjukan　6　 their very first ray of winter sunshine: a row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to use.The mirrors are controlled by a computer that　7　 them to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather.They reflect a concentrated beam (束) of light onto the town’s central　8　,creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square metres.When the light　9　,Rjukan residents gathered together.
“People have been sitting there and standing there and taking　10　 of each other,” Ro says.“The town square was totally　11　.I think almost all the people in the town were there.” The 3,500 residents cannot all　12　 the sunshine at the same time.However,the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s　13　 residents.
“It’s not very　14　,” she says, “but it is enough when we are　15　.”
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了挪威的一个小镇一年中有接近
6个月的时间无法得到阳光直射,但这种情况通过运用高科技设备得到了
改善。
(　　)1.
C
【解析】 根据空前所述“从9月底到3月中旬”可知,此处指接近(nearly)6个月的时间。故选C。
[A]only
[B]obviously
[C]nearly
[D]precisely
(　　)2.
D
【解析】 根据上文可知,挪威小镇尤坎一年中有接近6个月的时间没有阳光直射,再结合下文引号里的话可知,当地人在阳光充足的时候能够注意(notice)到它,但山谷里较暗。故选D。
[A]fear
[B]believe
[C]hear
[D]notice
(　　)3.
B
【解析】 结合常识可知,在阳光照耀的时候天空是蓝色的(blue)。故选B。
[A]empty
[B]blue
[C]high
[D]wide
(　　)4.
A
【解析】 根据上文“down in the valley it’s darker”可知,谷底比天空暗得多,像阴天(cloudy)一样。故选A。
[A]cloudy
[B]normal
[C]different
[D]warm
(　　)5.
C
[A]computers
[B]telescopes
[C]mirrors
[D]cameras
【解析】 根据下文中的“The mirrors are controlled...”可知,此处对应下文,指的是高科技镜子(mirrors)系统。故选C。
(　　)6.
C
【解析】 根据上下文可知,在引进高科技的镜子系统后,尤坎居民收到(received)了冬日里的第一束阳光。故选C。
[A]remembered
[B]forecasted
[C]received
[D]imagined
(　　)7.
B
【解析】 这些镜子是由电脑控制的,电脑可以引导(directs)它们在白天随着太阳转动,在有风的天气里关闭。故选B。
[A]forbids
[B]directs
[C]predicts
[D]follows
(　　)8.
C
【解析】 根据下文中的“The town square was totally　11　.”可知,此处对应下文,指小镇的中央广场(square)。故选C。
[A]library
[B]hall
[C]square
[D]street
(　　)9.
A
【解析】 此处是说当光出现(appeared)的时候,尤坎居民就聚集到了一起。故选A。
[A]appeared
[B]returned
[C]faded
[D]stopped
(　　)10.
A
【解析】 take pictures of 意为“给……拍照”,此处是说人们或坐或站,互相拍照。故选A。
[A]pictures
[B]notes
[C]care
[D]hold
(　　)11.
B
【解析】 根据空后的“I think almost all the people in the town were there.”可知,小镇广场应是完全满(full)人了。故选B。
[A]new
[B]full
[C]flat
[D]silent
(　　)12.
C
【解析】 此处是说3 500个居民不能同时享受(enjoy)阳光。故选C。
[A]block
[B]avoid
[C]enjoy
[D]store
(　　)13.
D
【解析】 根据上文可知,尤坎小镇原本每年有接近6个月的时间没有阳光直射,由此可推知小镇的居民应是十分渴望阳光的(sun-starved)。故选D。
[A]nature-loving
[B]energy-saving
[C]weather-beaten
[D]sun-starved
(　　)14.
A
【解析】 根据上文Ro的叙述以及“more than enough”可知,镜子反射的光线有限,范围不是太大(big)。故选A。
[A]big
[B]clear
[C]cold
[D]easy
(　　)15.
D
【解析】 根据句意可知,此处是说大家一起(sharing)晒太阳是足够的。故选D。
[A]trying
[B]waiting
[C]watching
[D]sharing
Ⅳ.应用文写作(15分)
假设你是李华,最近,我国一些城市街头出现无人驾驶出租车。请你就此现象写一篇文章,向你校英文报Hot Topic栏目投稿,内容包括:
1.你是否支持无人驾驶出租车;
2.阐述你的理由。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
[写作指导]
One possible version:
Recently, driverless taxis have appeared in some cities in China, which causes heated discussions among people. Personally, I’m in favour of driverless taxis for several reasons.
First, driverless taxis are safer. They will remove the concerns that drivers get tired easily. Second, driverless taxis are cheaper. Generally, they charge only half the price of normal taxis. Besides, humans will be liberated from boring work to enjoy life.
In a word, we should embrace new technology instead of refusing it. Our life will become better because of advances in science and technology.(共105张PPT)
Developing ideas,Presenting ideas,Reflection
Part 2
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
　　　　　　n.线索,提示
写作词汇
clue
1.crater　　　　 n.
2.agile adj.
3.slope v.
4.hop n.
5.squeak v.
6.tendon n.
7.wavelength n.
阅读词汇
(物体坠落、炸弹爆炸等在地上造成的)坑
敏捷的,灵活的
倾斜,成斜坡
跳跃
发出吱吱声
腱
波长
8.mutt n.
9.frown v.
10.positronic adj.
杂种狗
皱眉
正电子的
拓展词汇
1. adj.机械的→mechanically adv.机械地→mechanic n.机械修理工;技工
2. n.仿制品→imitate v.模仿
3. adv.紧紧地→tight adj.紧紧的;紧身的;严格的→tighten v.(使)变紧; 使更加严格;加强
4. adj.拼命的,绝望的→desperately adv.拼命地,绝望地→
desperation n.绝望,拼命,铤而走险
mechanical
imitation
tightly
desperate
5. adj.有故障的,有缺陷的→fault n.缺陷;缺点
6. adj.一贯的,一致的→consistently adv.一致地→consistency n.一致性
faulty
consistent
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.go through　　　　　　　
2.keep sb from doing sth
3.go wrong
4.not...any more
5.hold out
6.the difference between...and...
仔细检查;经历
阻止某人做某事
出错,发生故障
不再……
伸出,递出;维持,坚持
……和……之间的区别/不同
7.change one’s mind
8.in shock
9.point at
10.break down
改变主意
震惊地
指向……
出故障;失败;分解;崩溃
重点句型
1.He’s at the rocket station, .(现在分词短语作状语)
他在火箭站,正在接受测试。
2. I’m bringing one here.(that’s why...“那就是为什么……”)
所以我要带过来一只。
going through the tests
That’s why
3.The slope was a gentle one and even the weight of the spacesuit couldn’t keep Jimmy from racing up it in a floating hop
.(that引导定语从句)
山坡非常平缓,即使吉米穿着厚重的航天服,也不能阻碍他跳着跃向山坡,就好像引力不存在一样。
that made the gravity
seem nonexistent
4.Jimmy, ,couldn’t outrace Robutt,
,and had four legs and tendons of steel.(though引导让步状语从句;who引导非限制性定语从句)
论速度,吉米虽然是个能手,但他比不过罗布特,因为它有四条腿和钢铁做的肌腱,还不用穿航天服。
5.Robutt is just adjusted to act .(as though引导方式状语从句)
罗布特只是设定好,假装很爱你。
expert though he was
who didn’t need a
spacesuit
as though it loves you
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:科技与生活
2.语篇类型:科幻小说
3.课文内容分析:文章讲述了吉米的父亲安德森先生为吉米要到了一条真正的狗来替换现在的机器狗罗布特,但是罗布特具备高度发达的人工智能,表现得几乎像真正的狗一样,让吉米产生了恋恋不舍的情感。阅读本文有利于让学生认识到科技已经深入我们生活的各个角落,并改变着我们的生活。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
Moon-born
mechanical
tightly
counted
existence
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.How long had the family lived on the Moon
[A]15 years.
[B]14 years.
[C]16 years.
[D]The text doesn’t mention it.
A
(　　)2.What can we learn from Paragraph 4
[A]Jimmy was thicker and stubbier than Earth-born human beings.
[B]Jimmy was well adapted to the gravity on the Moon.
[C]The spacesuit was too light,and its gravity was nonexistent.
[D]The entire crater was brightly lit by the nearly full Earth.
B
(　　)3.What was Robutt
[A]A real dog from the Earth.
[B]A robot from the Earth.
[C]A little robot dog.
[D]A robot like a human.
C
(　　)4.What will the passage talk about in the following paragraphs
[A]The difference between the real dog and Robutt.
[B]Whether his father will be angry.
[C]Whether Jimmy will give up Robutt or not.
[D]Jimmy will hold Robutt tightly.
C
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.go through仔细检查,审查;经历,经受(苦难等);浏览,翻阅;(法律、合同等正式)
通过
[教材原句] Yes.He’s at the rocket station,going through the tests.
是的,他在火箭站,正在接受测试。
[例] (2024·全国甲卷)I am grateful that I did not need to go through the hardships like she did.
我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。
[例] (应用文写作之求助信)I would be grateful if you could go through my paper and make necessary changes.
如果你能仔细检查我的论文并做必要的修改,我将不胜感激。
归纳拓展
go ahead 先走;进行;开始做,着手做;(口语)去吧,继续说
go against 违背;违反;反对;对……不利
go on 继续下去;发生
go by (时间)流逝,过去;经过
go over 仔细检查(或审查、查阅);复习
go in for 爱好;参加(考试或竞赛)
go up 上升,上涨
go down 下降,下跌
[语境运用] 完成句子
(读后续写之结尾升华句)It was not until he 　　　　　　　　(经历) real hardship that he realised how important his family’s love was.
毫无疑问,当温度下降时,金属会收缩。
There is no doubt that when the temperature 　　　　　　　　,metal will contract.
Two thirds of my classmates 　　　　　　　　(参加了) the speech contest held by the school radio station.
went through
goes down
went in for
任何违背自然的人都会受到惩罚。
Anyone who　　　　　　　　 nature will be punished.
You’d better 　　　　　　　　(复习) your notes before the exam.
goes against
go over
2.desperate adj.拼命的,绝望的;非常需要的,渴望的
·desperately adv.拼命地,绝望地
·desperation n.绝望,拼命,铤而走险
[教材原句] Jimmy held Robutt tightly.He was frowning,too,and the desperate look on his face meant that he wouldn’t change his mind.
吉米紧紧抱着罗布特。他也皱着眉头,脸上的坚定表明他不愿改变心意。
[例] (2024·浙江1月卷)Feeling desperate,Eva started using a mind trick on herself.
感到绝望的伊娃开始对自己使用心理策略。
[例] When they were in desperate need,he went to their aid.
当他们极其需要帮助时,他援助了他们。
in desperate need of急需……
归纳拓展
·be desperate for sth非常需要/渴望某物
be desperate to do sth非常想做某事;渴望做某事
in desperate need of急需……
·in desperation 绝望地;不顾一切地
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
The children in the school are desperate 　　　　 necessary teaching instruments.
When the bad news reached her,she screamed in 　　 (desperate),
refusing to believe it.
The athlete ran 　　　 　(desperate) towards the finish line,hoping to win the race.
I 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　(渴望提高我的英语口语).Can you give me some advice
for
desperation
desperately
am desperate to improve my spoken English
这支球队渴望一场胜利来使队员振作起来。
→This team 　　　　　　　　　　　　 a game to boost the morale of its players.(be desperate to do)
→This team 　　　　 　　　　 a game to boost the morale of its players.(be desperate for)
is desperate to win
is desperate for winning
语
境
串
词
Facing the upcoming exam,Tom is in desperate need of improving his study efficiency.He is desperate to get good grades.So he studies desperately every day,believing he’ll succeed.
面对即将到来的考试,汤姆急需提高学习效率。他非常渴望取得好成绩。于是他每天拼命地学习,相信自己会成功的。
3.count v.重要;数数;把……算入;看作,认为 n.数出总数;总数
[教材原句] I love Robutt and that’s what counts.
我爱罗布特,我觉得这是最重要的。
[例] When it comes to success,it is not your ability but your attitude that counts.
说到成功,重要的不是你的能力而是你的态度。
[例] The total count of students in the classroom is 30.
教室里的学生总数是30人。
归纳拓展
count down to sth 倒计时
count...in 把……算入,包括……
count on 依靠,指望
count...as...把……看作/视为……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
We need to start counting down 　　　　 the big day.
She is a reliable person and I can always count 　　　　 her when I need her.
不算小孩,我们邀请了50人。
We have invited 50 people,　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　.
他认为自己是一个幸运儿。
He 　　　　　 　　　　　　 one of the lucky ones.
to
on
not counting the children
counts himself as
4.break down 出故障;失败;分解;崩溃
[教材原句] The robots there were bound to break down sooner or later.
那里的机器人迟早会出故障。
[例] The negotiation broke down when the two sides couldn’t agree on the terms.
由于双方不能就条款达成一致,谈判破裂了。
[例] (读后续写之场景描写)When hiking in the mountains,his compass broke down and he got lost.
在山里徒步时,他的指南针坏了,他迷路了。
归纳拓展
break out 爆发,突然发生
break off 折断;突然中止
break into 闯入,顺利进入(某行业)
break up (关系)破裂;(团体)解散;结束
[语境运用] 完成句子
They decided to 　　　　　　 　　(结束) the partnership.
Does everyone know what to do if a fire 　　　　 　　　(突然发生)
We were discussing our plans,but had to 　　　　　　　　(突然中止) when the telephone rang.
With great efforts,the company finally 　　　　　 　　　(顺利进入) the international market.
break up
breaks out
break off
broke into
5.faulty adj.有故障的,有缺陷的;有错误的;有缺点的
·fault n.缺点;故障;过错 v.找……错误
·faultless adj.完美的;无缺点的
[教材原句] Another prison breakout:faulty robotics blamed.
另一所监狱发生越狱事件:归咎于机器人故障。
[例] (应用文写作之投诉信)I’m writing to complain about the faulty product I purchased from your store last week.
我写信是要投诉我上周从贵店购买的有缺陷的产品。
[例] There is a fault in the machine.We should have it repaired.
机器出故障了。我们应该找人修理它。
归纳拓展
(be) at fault有错,有责任
find fault with挑毛病,挑剔
It is one’s fault that ...……是某人的责任/过错
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The mechanic quickly identified the 　　　　(fault) part in the car and replaced it.
The audience rose to their feet,cheering for his 　　　 　(fault) performance.
蹩脚的工匠总是埋怨自己的工具不好。
A bad workman always 　　　　　　　 　　　 his tools.
faulty
faultless
finds fault with
如果我没记错的话,我想那应该是在1976年。
I think it was in 1976,if my memory is not 　　　　　　.
　　　　　　　　　　　　(不是艺术家的错) that the exhibition was delayed,as the venue has some unexpected problems.
at fault
It is not the artist’s fault
6.consistent adj.一贯的,一致的;连续的;相符的
·consistently adv.一致地;一贯地
·consistency n.连贯性;一致性
·consist vi.由……组成;构成;在于
[教材原句] Now make comments on your partner’s story and see whether the language style is consistent.
现在对你搭档的故事进行评论,看看语言风格是否一致。
[例] (2024·北京卷)The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable.
18世纪的哲学家康德认为,宇宙最终是由不可知的物自体构成的。
[例] (读后续写之心理描写)To my delight,there has been a consistent improvement in her attitude.
令我高兴的是,她的态度一直在改善。
consist of 由……组成/构成
[例] (应用文写作之建议信)I think you need to practise speaking English consistently.
我认为你需要坚持练习说英语。
归纳拓展
·be consistent with... 与……一致;与……相符
·consist of 由……组成/构成
consist in在于
consist with与……一致;符合
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
Consumer groups are demanding greater 　　 　　(consistent) in the labelling of food products.
He has 　　　 　 (consistent) supported reform in education.
Do you know how many parts the workshop 　　　　　　　 　(由……组成)
Happiness does not 　　　　 　　　　(在于) how many possessions you own.
consistency
consistently
consists of
consist in
我们应该言行一致。
→What we say should 　　　　　　　　　　 what we do.(consistent)
→What we say should 　　　　　　　　　　 what we do.(consist)
be consistent with
consist with
重点句式
as引导的非限制性定语从句
▲
[教材原句] Jimmy was out on the crater,as his mother had said.
正如吉米妈妈所说,他在外面的环形山上。
[例] (2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)As reported by a local newspaper,Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her race when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.
据当地一家报纸报道,当贝利跑到三分之二多的位置的时候,她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣。
[例] (2023·全国甲卷)Yet,the form of the fable still has values today,as Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
然而,正如蕾切尔·卡逊在《明日寓言》中所说,寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
[例] The book,as many readers believe,offers a unique perspective on history.
正如许多读者所认为的那样,这本书提供了一个独特的视角来看待历史。
①as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句,指代部分或整个句子,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,且均不可省略。两者的区别为:
温馨提示
关系代词 意义 先行词 从句位置
as 正如, 就像 整个主句 可位于句首、
句中和句末
which 这一点, 这/那 名词、名词短 语或整个主句 先行词后
②as引导非限制性定语从句时常用于以下搭配:
as is known to all(=as we all know/as everybody knows)众所周知
as you can see正如你所看见的
as is reported据报道
as is often the case情况常常如此
as is hoped正如所希望的
温馨提示
[语境运用] 完成句子
　　　　　 　　 　(众所周知),
friendship plays a very important part in our social life.
I have made great progress,　　　　　　　　　　　(这使他们很吃惊).
　　　　　 　(据报道),the new policy aims to reduce carbon emissions and promote sustainable development.
　　　　　　　　　　(正如所希望的),the new medicine will effectively treat the disease and improve patients’ quality of life.
As is known to all/As we all know/As everybody knows
which surprised them
As is reported
As is hoped
though引导的让步状语从句
▲
[教材原句] Jimmy,expert though he was,couldn’t outrace Robutt,who didn’t need a spacesuit,and had four legs and tendons of steel.
论速度,吉米虽然是个能手,但他比不过罗布特,因为它有四条腿和钢铁做的肌腱,还不用穿航天服。
[例] (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area,a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
尽管它们有助于探测一个地区物种数量和种类的变化,但斯坦福大学的一项新研究发现,这种记录并不完美。
[例] (2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world,it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots.
尽管过度旅游被描述为一个影响全世界的问题,但实际上它主要集中在少数几个极为受欢迎的景点。
归纳拓展
though的用法:
·though意为“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句,可位于句首、句中或句末。
·though引导让步状语从句时,不能与but连用,但可与yet、still等连用。
·though引导的让步状语从句可倒装,也可不倒装。用倒装语序时其结构为“表语/状语/动词原形+though+主语+be动词/实义动词/情态动词/助动词”。若提前的表语是可数名词单数,要省略冠词。
词汇辨析
while/although/though/as
易混词 区别 例句
while 引导让步状语从句时,多位于句首,且从句不用倒装语序 While she is young,she has a lot of experience in this field.
虽然她很年轻,但她在这一领域有很多经验。
词汇辨析
although 引导让步状语从句时,从句不用倒装语序 Although the kitchen is small,it is well designed.
厨房虽小,但设计巧妙。
though 引导让步状语从句时,从句可以倒装也可以不倒装 Though the task seemed challenging,they managed to complete it on time.
虽然这项任务看起来很有挑战性,但他们还是按时完成了。
as 引导让步状语从句时,从句要用倒装语序 Old as the car is,it still runs well.
尽管这辆车很旧,但它仍然跑得很好。
[语境运用] 完成句子/句型转换
　　 　　　(虽然) the sun’s rays can harm our skin,they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.
It was hot at night,but we slept soundly because we were so tired after the long journey.
→　　　　　　　　 　　　,we slept soundly because we were so tired after the long journey.(as)
→　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　,we slept soundly because we were so tired after the long journey.(though/although/while)
While/Although/Though
Hot as it was at night
Hot though it was at night或Though/Although/While it was hot at night
长难句分析
[教材原句] Jimmy couldn’t go wrong while Robutt was around, tripping him when he was too near a rock,or jumping on him to show how much he loved him,or circling around and squeaking low and scared when Jimmy hid behind a rock, when all the time Robutt knew well enough where he was.
尝试分析:句中 为while 引导的条件状语从句; 为并列的现在分词短语作伴随状语; 为when 引导的时间状语从句; 为how much 引导的宾语从句; 为where 引导的宾语从句。
自主翻译:只要有罗布特相伴,吉米就没有危险。当吉米过于靠近一块岩石,它会扑倒他;罗布特还会扑向他,以表达爱意;当吉米藏在岩石后时,罗布特就原地打转,低吼,战战兢兢,不论什么时候,罗布特都对吉米的位置了如指掌。
[语境运用] 情境写作
(应用文写作之倡议书)只要我们从身边的小事做起,就能为环保出一份力。当我们离开教室时,关掉灯和其他电器;当我们刷牙时,不要让水一直流;提醒身边的同学要节约粮食。
We can make a difference to environmental protection as long as we start with small things,turning off the lights and other electric appliances when we leave the classroom,never leaving water running when we brush teeth and reminding the fellow students around that we should save food.
写作微专题4　
Continuing a sci-fi story
文本解读
1.文体类型:续写科幻故事,属于记叙文范畴。
2.要点内容:(1)故事的发展过程;(2)故事的结局、意义。
[思路指引]
实用表达
1.科幻故事的开端常用句式。
Once upon a time,there lived a king.
With science and technology developing,our lives have changed a lot in the 21st century.
2.科幻故事的发展和高潮常用句式。
In 2146,we are flying in the air,conveying signals through our minds.
I still remember the shock that rooted me to the spot.
3.科幻故事的结局常用句式。
They finally defeated the evil witch,living a happy life.
Finally,the time traveller returned to his own era and shared his amazing experiences.
佳作建构
阅读下面的材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段话,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One evening,I was watching a science fiction movie at home when suddenly I heard a strange sound outside.I immediately went out and looked around,but I found nothing unusual.When I decided to return to my room,I saw a flying object coming down from the sky.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
　　When it landed on the ground,a young man stepped out and walked up to me.
Paragraph 2:
　　After a long time,we landed on another planet where I saw some aliens.
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　 adv.紧紧地
2.　　　　　　　　 很有可能,肯定会
3.　　　　　　　　 adj.拼命的,绝望的
4.　　　　　　　　 处于震惊状态
tightly
be bound to
desperate
in shock
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.他很有可能用另一种语言跟我说话,因为我完全听不懂。
He 　　　　　　　　　　　 to me in another language because I couldn’t understand it at all.
2.外星人拥有先进的设备。外星人用这些设备几乎把所有的工作都完成得非常完美。
The aliens had 　　　　　　　　　　　　.They completed almost all their work perfectly with the equipment.
was bound to speak
advanced equipment
3.我仍然不能理解他们的语言。
I still 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
4.我喜欢我在那里看到的一切。
I enjoyed everything 　　　　　　　　　　.
couldn’t understand their language
that I saw there
亮点提升
1.将第2句用定语从句进行改写升级。
The aliens had advanced equipment with which they completed almost all their work perfectly.
2.将第3句和第4句用although引导的让步状语从句进行改写升级。
Although I still couldn’t understand their language,I enjoyed everything that I saw there.
范文展示
When it landed on the ground,a young man stepped out and walked up to me.He was bound to speak to me in another language because I couldn’t understand it at all.I tried to communicate with him in Chinese,but it seemed that he couldn’t understand me.All of a sudden,he grasped my arm tightly and took me into a capsule.
After a long time,we landed on another planet where I saw some aliens.I was in shock.Everything there was quite different from things on Earth.The aliens had advanced equipment with which they completed almost all their work perfectly.Although I still couldn’t understand their language,I enjoyed everything that I saw there.I stayed there for about five hours and was sent back by some aliens.After returning to Earth,I still felt excited and I was desperate to go to space again soon.
写作练习
阅读下面的材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段话,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Collin was lying on his back,tossing a baseball towards the ceiling when his bedroom door opened.His sister,Carina,barged in and perched on the edge of his bed.Collin could tell she’d been crying.
“What’s wrong ”Collin asked.“Homesick again ”
Carina nodded.
“Yeah,me,too,” Collin sighed.
Their family had moved to the Moon Station nearly four months ago.It still didn’t feel like home.The dwellings were cozy,but outside everything was gray,rocky and lifeless.
“I miss my friends,” Carina said gloomily.“And green grass,swimming,
and everything.I even miss the sound of rain on the roof.”
The station was housed inside a huge transparent dome.There was no weather here at all—no rain or snow or even wind.
“Worst of all,” Carina continued,“my birthday is in two days,and I don’t think Mum and Dad are planning anything special.They’re too busy.”
“She’s probably right,” thought Collin.Life on the Moon was hectic for scientists like their parents.He doubted if they had time to plan a party.Things like balloons and birthday candles didn’t exist here.They didn’t even have the rations to make a cake.
“Don’t worry,” Collin put an arm around Carina’s shoulder.
Collin wandered towards the agricultural centre,where his Mum worked.Some days,he helped her take measurements or harvest crops.
Today he found her taking notes in a patch of tall tube-like plants.
“What are those ” he asked.
“Bamboo plants,” said Mum.“They are strong and grow fast.They make good building material.”
He spotted a one-foot section of bamboo that had broken from a larger stalk,“May I have that piece ”
“Sure,” Mum handed it to him and made a note on her chart.
The next day,as his teacher supervised,Collin drilled tiny holes into the piece of bamboo and inserted small nails into each hole.He poured a handful of Moon pebbles inside the tube and taped heavy-duty fabric scraps over the open ends.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
Collin held the bamboo piece carefully as he hurried home.
Paragraph 2:
“What’s it ”Carina asked,looking at it curiously.
写作指导
One possible version:
　　Collin held the bamboo piece carefully as he hurried home.He hid it behind his back and slid open the front door.To his surprise,Mum was carrying something that looked like a cake.He looked closer and realised Mum had topped a flat brown oatcake with dried apples and cinnamon sugar.A real treat,on the Moon.After the family had sung to Carina and Dad had cut the cake,Collin said,“And now I have a present for you.” He handed his sister the bamboo rod,“Happy birthday!”
“What’s it ” Carina asked,looking at it curiously.“A rain stick,” said Collin.“Whenever you turn it over,the Moon pebbles fall around the nails and it sounds like rain.”Carina turned the stick,and the room was filled with a sound like rain drumming on a roof.“It’s Moon rain!” she said.“It makes me feel like I’m at home.” She smiled at Collin and turned the rain stick over again.
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后 续写 微技能之“点” 情感描写 frightened adj.害怕的　desperate adj.拼命的,绝望的　happy adj.高兴的,幸福的　in shock处于震惊状态
动作描写 analyse v.分析　assess v.评价,评定　bank on 依靠,指望　squeak v.发出吱吱声　frown v.皱眉　demand n.& v.要求;需要　hold tightly紧紧抱住　cry out 大声呼喊　result in导致　regulate v.控制,管理
人物描写 assistant n.助手,助理　victim n.受害者　capacity n.能力,才能　illegal adj.非法的,违法的　immoral adj.不道德的,道德败坏的　agile adj.敏捷的,灵活的　stubby adj.矮壮的
环境描写 slope southward 向南倾斜　low in the southern sky 南面天空下方　brightly lit 照的很亮
读后续写 微技能之“线” Jimmy held Robutt tightly.(动作描写)
He was frowning,too,and the desperate look on his face meant that he wouldn’t change his mind.(人物描写)
His arms and legs were long and agile.He looked thicker and stubbier with his spacesuit on...(人物描写)
The outer side of the crater sloped southward and the Earth,which was low in the southern sky,was nearly full,so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit.(环境描写)
读后 续写 微技能之“面”
微写作——人工智能是福还是祸
人工智能已成为我们生活中不可避免的一部分。人工智能助手凭借其惊人的数据分析能力,在各个方面为我们提供帮助。然而,这种快速发展也让一些人感到害怕。有些人担心,如果我们过度依赖人工智能,可能会导致负面结果。例如,人们担心人工智能被非法或不道德地使用,这可能会使人们成为受害者。我们应该要求制定适当的规则,以确保人工智能为人类的福祉服务,这样我们才能保持快乐,而不是因其滥用而处于危险之中。
Artificial intelligence has become an inevitable part of our lives.
With their 1.　　　　　　　　　　 　　,AI assistants help us in every way.However,this rapid development also makes some people frightened.Some people worry that if we 2.　　　　　　　　 　,which could result in negative consequences.For example,there are concerns that 3.　　　　　　　　　　　 　,which could turn people into victims.We should 4.　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 to ensure that AI serves the well-being of humanity,so that we can remain happy and not be put 5.　　　　　　　　 due to its misuse.
amazing data analysis capacity
bank too much on AI
AI is used illegally or immorally
demand to regulate proper rules
at risk
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.assistant n.助手,助理→ v.帮助,协助→ n.帮助,援助
2.potentially adv.潜在地→ adj.潜在的→ n.潜力;潜在性
3.automation n.自动化→ adj.自动的→ adv.自动地
4.capacity n.能力,才能→ n.能力,才能→ adj.有能力的
5.analyse v.分析→ n.分析
assist
assistance
potential
potentiality
automatic
automatically
capability
capable
analysis
6.regulate v.控制,管理→ n.管理,控制;规则
7.illegal adj.非法的,违法的→ adv.非法地→(反义词) adj.合法的;法律的
8.immoral adj.不道德的,道德败坏的→(反义词) adj.道德的→
n.道德
9.assess v.评价,评定→ n.评定,评估
10.cycle n.自行车→ n.骑自行车运动(或活动)→ n.骑自行车的人
regulation
illegally
legal
moral
morality
assessment
cycling
cyclist
11.mechanical adj.机械的→ adv.机械地→ n.机械修理工;技工
12.imitation n.仿制品→ v.模仿
13.tightly adv.紧紧地→ adj.紧紧的;紧身的;严格的→ v.(使)变紧;使更加严格;加强
14.desperate adj.拼命的,绝望的→ adv.拼命地,绝望地→
n.绝望,拼命,铤而走险
mechanically
mechanic
imitate
tight
tighten
desperately
desperation
15.faulty adj.有故障的,有缺陷的→ n.缺陷;缺点
16.consistent adj.一贯的,一致的→ adv.一致地→
n.一致性
fault
consistently
consistency
Ⅱ.重点词块
1. 　　　　　　上市;发售
2. 对……敏感;易受……影响
3. 总的来说,总之
4. 能够
5. 消灭;彻底摧毁;擦掉
6. 别无选择只能做
go on sale
be susceptible to
on the whole
be capable of
wipe out
have no choice but to do
7. 将要发生
8. 即将到来;在附近
9. 很有可能,肯定会
10. 仔细检查;经历
11. 出错,发生故障
12. 改变主意
13. 出故障;失败;分解;崩溃
on the horizon
around the corner
be bound to
go through
go wrong
change one’s mind
break down
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.since引导原因状语从句
Every recommendation she gives me is great
(因为她可以预测我是否会喜欢某一个餐厅).
句式仿写
(由于他一直努力学习),he has made great progress.
since she can predict if I will
like a particular restaurant
Since he has been studying hard
2.when it comes to...当涉及某事时
I think it’s also fair to say that we can get our hopes up
(在严重疾病的治疗方法方面),such as cancer.
句式仿写
(当提到运动时),I prefer swimming to running.
when it comes to
finding cures for serious diseases
When it comes to sports
3.现在分词短语作状语
He’s at the rocket station, (正在接受测试).
句式仿写
The teacher came into the room, (拿着许多书).
going through the tests
carrying many books
4.that’s why...“那就是为什么……”
(那就是为什么)I’m bringing one here.
句式仿写
I exercise regularly and eat a healthy diet; (那就是为什么) I feel so energetic.
That’s why
that’s why
5.though引导让步状语从句
Jimmy, (虽然他是个能手),couldn’t outrace Robutt,
who didn’t need a spacesuit,and had four legs and tendons of steel.
句式仿写
(虽然他是一个孩子),he always helps others.
expert though he was
Child though he is(共18张PPT)
Unit 4　课时作业(一)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10 题;每题1分,共10分)
1.These 　　　　 (人造的) flowers look very beautiful.
2.A senior experienced research 　　 　　 (助理) is in great demand.
3.We are to provide financial aid to those flood 　　　 　 (受害者).
4.It concerns some scientists that human beings will be in a　　 　　(潜在地) dangerous situation if the AI system goes out of control.
artificial
assistant
victims
potentially
5.In the last ten years,　　 　　(自动化) has reduced the work force here by half.
6.Limited resources are restricting our　　 　　(能力) for developing new products.
7.We need to carefully 　　 　　(分析)the data collected from the experiment to draw accurate conclusions.
8.The company’s decision to invest in new machinery led to a 　　　　 (剧变) in productivity, doubling their output within a year.
automation
capacity
analyse
leap
9.You should learn to 　　　　(管理) your eating habits and keep healthy.
10.Certain plants are more 　　 　　(易受影响的) to pests and diseases during dry seasons.
regulate
susceptible
Ⅱ.句子语法填空 (共 10 题;每题 1.5 分,共 15 分)
1.After detailed　　 　　(analyse) of the species, the research team confirmed it as a new species.
2.The lights in the office turn off 　　 　　　(automation) when no one is present.
3.Technical 　 　　　(assist) is essential for the development of this project.
4.Every child has the 　　 　　(potentially) to succeed in life.
5.New food safety 　 　　　(regulate) are made to ensure the health of consumers.
analysis
automatically
assistance
potential
regulations
6.It is important to understand the 　　　　(illegal) requirements before starting a new business.
7.She is capable　　　　 speaking multiple languages fluently.
8.On 　　　　 whole, the movie received favourable reviews from the audience.
9.Scientists are working hard to find a way to wipe 　　　　 this deadly disease.
10.Speaking 　　 　 technology, the development of artificial intelligence is astonishing.
legal
of
the
out
of
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.老师推荐的那本书很有趣。 (过去分词短语作定语)
2.因为昨天雨下得很大,我们别无选择只能取消野餐。 (since;have no choice but to do)
The book recommended by the teacher is very interesting.
Since it rained heavily yesterday, we had no choice but to cancel the picnic.
3.学生们在课堂上确实听得很认真。(do表示强调)
The students do listen carefully in class.
4.他通过了考试,这让他的父母非常高兴。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
5.当涉及音乐时,我更喜欢古典音乐。 (when it comes to...)
He passed the exam, which made his parents very happy.
When it comes to music, I prefer classical music.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　We’ve heard people say that we shouldn’t worry too much about the future.But this saying doesn’t hold true in the technological world.Here,
you always need to think about the future,or else you won’t have the chance to be in the digital age.There are so many new inventions that come up daily,which help in making our lives better and easier.
The tablet we use daily was once a far-fetched thought,which has become a reality today.Similarly,when television was launched,we thought nothing could beat this invention.Then came cable television,and now it’s the age of digital television.Similarly,until a few years ago,3D was limited to movies,but today,we have 3D blueprints,3D graphics,and 3D television sets as well.All these inventions were just a prediction by their inventors,but they later went on to become a part of our lives.Similar predictions can be made for the future.
For example,how about having human-like robots that understand our instructions by simply speaking to them We can talk with these robots regularly and simply instruct them to perform a particular task.If you want tea,you can simply require your robot to make it for you.These robots can be useful in industrial fields as well.For example,
you can simply ask the robot to switch on the manufacturing line.
If waste keeps increasing,the future will see many problems related to pollution.So what about having a waste recycling machine that produces notebooks Yes,I’m not talking about the regular recycling machines that give us raw materials we need to put to effective use.If we build recycling machines that produce a particular product out of the waste,it’ll do much help to the environment as well.
This list can go on and on.Our imagination has no limits and so does technology.Who knows Maybe one of these ideas may become a reality in the near future!
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要阐述了科技的发展离不开预言,正是预言促使一个又一个新的发明诞生,从而改变了人类的生活。
(　　)1.What should we do according to the author
[A]Take the future less seriously.
[B]Use 3D technology more widely.
[C]Base new inventions on experience.
[D]Keep making predictions for the future.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Here,you always need to think about the future”并结合第二段最后两句可知,作者认为我们应该继续对未来进行预测。故选D。
(　　)2.What can so-called human-like robots do according to the text
[A]They can talk to themselves.
[B]They can understand human words.
[C]They can offer the users instructions.
[D]They can invent something for humans.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,所谓的类人机器人是能够理解人类的语言的。故选B。
(　　)3.What does the author think of the waste recycling machine
[A]It is achievable.
[B]It is profitable.
[C]It is affordable.
[D]It is impractical.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“So what about having a waste...to the environment as well.”并结合最后一段内容可推知,作者认为垃圾回收机是可以实现的。故选A。
(　　)4.What is the text mainly about
[A]The far future of technology.
[B]Ways of making predictions.
[C]Effects of predictions on inventions.
[D]The significance of human imagination.
C
【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段第三句和最后一段内容可知,作者认为预言可以推动科技的发展,并且相信预言终有一天能实现。由此可推知,本文主要说明了预言对发明的影响。故选C。

展开更多......

收起↑