资源简介

(共18张PPT)
Unit 5　课时作业(三)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.Some artists are inspired by the beauty of 　　　　 (乡村的) landscapes.
2.He 　　　　 (获得) the position of president of the Students’ Union.
3.That lovely 　　　　 (乡村小屋) by the seaside has been in the possession of their family for more than eighty years.
4.Before making a decision,it’s important to 　　　 　 (评估) all the available options carefully.
5.After careful consideration,she decided to 　 　　　 (退出) her application for the scholarship.
rural
attained
cottage
evaluate
withdraw
6.You should not 　　　　 (拒绝接受) the invitation from your old friend.
7.There is a need for more resources so that all children may have a
　　　　 (相当好的) education.
8.The old man has retired and now lives a life of 　　　　 (舒适).
9.After the performance,he 　　　　 (鞠躬) to the audience and left the stage.
10.Some people prefer 　　　　 (家养的) rabbits as they are gentle and easy to care for.
reject
decent
ease
bowed
domestic
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.She is a renowned 　　 　　 (botanical) with numerous publications in the field.
2.The response of the audience changed from 　 　　　 (reject) to acceptance.
3.Accomplishing an objective set by ourselves can give us a sense of
　　 　　 (fulfil).
4.She submitted her 　 　　　 (resign) letter to the HR department and took a new job.
5.Her voice had a soaring 　　　　 (pure) that impressed the audience.
botanist
rejection
fulfilment
resignation
purity
6.With his attention 　　　　 (focus) on his experiment,he didn’t notice night approaching.
7.They finally agreed to our terms with a certain 　　 　　 (reluctant).
8.They have received no news of him since his 　 　　　 (depart) from the island.
9.Practising yoga can help relieve 　　　 　 (depress) emotions.
10.The old man 　 　　　 (deliberate) walked along the path,enjoying the beautiful scenery.
focused
reluctance
departure
depressive
deliberately
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.虽然你的很多朋友会给你宝贵的建议帮助你做出决定,但最后还是由你决定。(although引导让步状语从句)
2.我的朋友没有像我告诉他的那样赶上早班车,所以他迟到了。(as引导方式状语从句)
Although many of your friends may offer you valuable advice that can help you to make the decision,finally it’s up to you.
My friend didn’t catch the early bus as I told him to,so he was late.
3.他退出比赛的原因是他的脚受伤了。(withdraw from)
4.我们到达时的情况与新闻报道的截然不同。(in contrast to)
The reason why he withdrew from the game was that his feet were injured.
The situation when we arrived was in marked contrast to the news reports.
5.她用温暖的微笑让紧张的客人放松下来。(at ease with)
She made the nervous guests feel at ease with her warm smile.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Living alone in nature is the kind of decision that looks great on paper.You could move away from the pressure of city life to somewhere with a lower cost of living and more privacy.You could enjoy scenic views all year round,and adopt a simpler way of life.It’s not hard to see the appeal of this at all.But what happens when all goes wrong
Paul Kingsnorth is a distinguished writer—his novel was longlisted for the Booker Prize and won the Gordon Burn Prize.His books help develop an awareness of the place and history,so it’s not hugely surprising that his latest book is about his own rural existence.It is in part about Kingsnorth,
his wife,and their children moving to western Ireland.He writes,“In my country a small house or a field is beyond the means of anyone who doesn’t earn much money or who refuses to get into debt to chase a dream.” It’s a feeling that anyone who’s looked longingly at rural tiny houses thousands of miles from anyone else can relate to.
But Kingsnorth is aware that this is only part of the story.“Because I am not a real farmer,I have to make my money in other places,” he writes.“I need the Internet or the Dublin-to-Holyhead ferry (渡轮) and sometimes both to put food on my family’s table.” To make matters worse,
Kingsnorth’s isolation (隔离) results in a crisis of confidence in his own writing abilities—which becomes one of the central themes of his latest book.
Kingsnorth isn’t the only writer to make time spent in a vivid countryside sound less enjoyable than one might expect.The French writer Sylvain Tesson takes this to what may be its most extreme point in his book.He lived alone for six months.His book includes impressive descriptions of the landscape and what it’s like to experience depression in the middle of such a landscape.
Some books neatly remind you of the appeal of such an existence,
while others make the drawbacks central to their accounts.In Names for the Sea,Moss summarises the attraction of the wilderness.“We’d come for the landscape,and for the pale nights and dark shores with rain sweeping over trees and bushes,” she writes.From that,it’s not hard to see why a life in nature—even with its potential downsides—still appeals to so many.
【语篇导读】 本文是议论文。文章主要介绍了Paul Kingsnorth对乡村生活的一些观点和见解。
(　　)1.What effect does living in isolation have on people according to Paragraph 1
[A]It makes people look great.
[B]It makes people reveal their privacy.
[C]It makes people overcome pressure.
[D]It makes people enjoy a lower living cost.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知,住在一个隔绝的环境中可以让人们减少生活成本。故选D。
(　　)2.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to
[A]Paul Kingsnorth helps readers develop an awareness of time and space.
[B]Paul Kingsnorth starts to have doubts about his abilities as a writer.
[C]Paul Kingsnorth’s family live comfortably in a rural house.
[D]Paul Kingsnorth couldn’t afford a tiny rural house.
C
【解析】 代词指代题。分析本句结构并结合语境可知,this所指代的内容应为第二段中的“...his latest book is about...moving to western Ireland”,即他和妻子、孩子们的农村生活经历。结合选项可知,C项“Paul Kingsnorth一家人在农村的房子里舒适地生活。”符合题意。故选C。
(　　)3.What do you know about Paul Kingsnorth
[A]He thinks it is a perfect idea to live alone in nature.
[B]He earns money somewhere else to make ends meet.
[C]His latest book is about the attraction of wild places.
[D]Living in the countryside results in his depression.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Because I am not...put food on my family’s table.” 可知,Paul Kingsnorth需要通过其他渠道来保持收支平衡,满足生活花销。故选B。
(　　)4.Why does the author mention Sylvain Tesson and his book
[A]To inform readers of a famous French writer.
[B]To praise him for his marvelous writing skills.
[C]To explain how to live in the peaceful countryside.
[D]To emphasise more writers experienced similar problems.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的第一句可推知,作者提到Sylvain Tesson和他的书的目的是强调有其他更多的作家也经历过相似的问题。故选D。(共30张PPT)
Unit 5　课时作业(四)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.frontier
(分值:40分)
单元知识综合练
A.n.(学科的)知识前沿　B.n.边远地区　C.n.国界,边界
①The frontiers of medical knowledge are being pushed forward as time goes on.　　　
②The frontier between two countries ranges from the northern hills to the southern coast.　　　
③The exploration team ventured into the remote frontier of the west.　　
C
A
B
2.ease
A.n.容易　B.v.缓解;减轻　C.n.舒适,悠闲
①Walking helped to ease him of his pain.　　　
②He passed the exam with ease,which made me surprised.　　　
③His parents are retired and now live a life of ease.　　　
A
C
B
3.absorb
A.v.使并入　B.v.使全神贯注　C.v.吸收 D.v.理解
①She began reading and soon got absorbed in it.　　　
②The drug is easily absorbed into the blood and comes into effect.　　　
③I read and re-read the essay,trying to absorb its contents.　　　
④The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.　　　
A
C
B
D
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
Just several days ago,a violent storm hit our community.I looked out of the window and witnessed a tree being abused by the 　1　 wind.The branches bent,and swayed (摇摆) back and forth,thanks to their flexibility to avoid breaking.The leaves desperately stuck to the branches because their life 　2　 the tree.The powerful trunk (树干) which held the tree upright bent slightly 　3　 from the force in the battle to maintain its position.
After the storm had passed,the tree gracefully returned to its
　4　 position standing tall among the chaos (混乱).It managed to
　5　 the storm.It didn’t look the same as leaves had fallen and the soil had loosened,but what 　6　 is that the tree won the fight for its life.
　　For a long time I couldn’t understand why this tree 　7　 my attention the way it did.As time passed,it became clear that it wasn’t just about the tree but about the 　8　 roots which are deep into the soil providing water and nutrition.The roots allow the tree to be able to take a
　9　 because they are there to support it.
　10　,the next time you catch your kids misbehaving,when the job is driving you crazy,when you are underpaid and the 　11　 is tight,and when the storms of life are blowing,go back to your 　12　.Life is full of storms.They will make you 　13　,make you sway and even make you lose some leaves,but the 　14　 your roots are,the stronger you stand.I challenge you to bend but don’t break.However hard the wind blows,don’t let life 　15　 you into an uncomfortable position.Your strength lies in your roots.
【语篇导读】 本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者通过观察暴风雨中的一棵树进行联想,由物及人,感悟人生。
(　　)1.
A
【解析】 根据上文中的“Just several days ago,a violent storm hit our community.”以及“being abused”可知,当时风是很猛烈的(fierce)。故选A。
[A]fierce
[B]strange
[C]unusual
[D]gentle
(　　)2.
A
【解析】 根据上文中的“The leaves desperately stuck to the branches”并结合常识可推知,树叶依靠(depended on)树而存活,因此会紧紧贴在树枝上面。故选A。
[A]depended on
[B]answered for
[C]intended for
[D]touched on
(　　)3.
C
【解析】 根据上文中的“The powerful trunk (树干) which held the tree upright”并结合常识可推知,树干在强风中会轻微后仰(backwards)。故选C。
[A]towards
[B]over
[C]backwards
[D]into
(　　)4.
C
【解析】 根据上文中的returned可推知,暴风雨过后,树又恢复到了原来的(original)姿势。故选C。
[A]current
[B]final
[C]original
[D]comfortable
(　　)5.
D
[A]explore
[B]avoid
[C]overcome
[D]survive
【解析】 根据下文中的“the tree won the fight for its life”可推知,树在暴风雨中存活(survive)了下来。故选D。
(　　)6.
B
【解析】 根据上文中的“It didn’t look the same...had loosened,but”可推知,此处表示重要(matters)的是树在斗争中赢得了胜利。故选B。
[A]differs
[B]matters
[C]concerns
[D]reveals
(　　)7.
C
【解析】 根据第一段中的“I looked out of the window and witnessed a tree...”可推知,暴风雨中的那棵树吸引了(caught)作者的注意。故选C。
[A]fixed
[B]paid
[C]caught
[D]escaped
(　　)8.
A
【解析】 根据下文中的“which are deep into the soil ...”并结合常识可知,那看不见的(unseen)树根深深植根于地下为树提供水源和营养。故选A。
[A]unseen
[B]dirty
[C]obvious
[D]new
(　　)9.
B
【解析】 根据第二段最后一句中的“the tree won the fight for its life”可知,此处应与其呼应,表示树根让树能够斗争(fight)。故选B。
[A]stand
[B]fight
[C]chance
[D]turning
(　　)10.
C
【解析】 根据语境可推知,此处上下文存在逻辑上的因果关系,Thus符合题意。故选C。
[A]However
[B]Still
[C]Thus
[D]Besides
(　　)11.
A
【解析】 根据上文中的“when you are underpaid”可推知,此处表示预算(budget)紧张。故选A。
[A]budget
[B]deadline
[C]hand
[D]living
(　　)12.
C
【解析】 根据上文中的“when the storms of life are blowing”以及第三段最后一句可推知,遇到生活中的暴风雨时,要回归你的根源(roots)。故选C。
[A]dreams
[B]home
[C]roots
[D]trees
(　　)13.
B
【解析】 根据第一段中的“The branches bent,and swayed (摇摆) back and forth”可推知,此处与其呼应,生活中的暴风雨也会让人弯腰(bend)。故选B。
[A]win
[B]bend
[C]loosen
[D]stay
(　　)14.
A
【解析】 根据第三段中的“roots which are deep into the soil”可推知,此处应与其呼应,表示根基越深(deeper),站得越稳。故选A。
[A]deeper
[B]bigger
[C]more
[D]brighter
(　　)15.
B
【解析】 根据上文中的“However hard the wind blows”可推知,不要让生活迫使(force)你进入不舒服的境地。故选B。
[A]trick
[B]force
[C]lead
[D]admit
Ⅲ.应用文写作(15分)
假设你是李华,你的外国朋友Terry最近学习了“井底之蛙”这个成语,发邮件向你询问它的相关内容,请你用英语给他回复一封电子邮件。内容包括:
1.讲述它的相关故事;
2.它带给人们的启示。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.已给出的部分不计入总词数。
Dear Terry,
I’m glad to receive your email in which you want to know more about the idiom “a frog living at the bottom of a well”.Now I will give you a detailed explanation.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
[写作指导]
Dear Terry,
I’m glad to receive your email in which you want to know more about the idiom “a frog living at the bottom of a well”.Now I will give you a detailed explanation.
Once upon a time there was a frog living in a well.It used to believe that the well was the whole world and was pleased with its life.It was only when meeting a turtle from the sea that the frog realised its mistake.
What we can learn from the idiom is that we should have a broader view of the world around us.In addition,stepping out of our comfort zone to broaden our horizons and trying new things can do good to us.What’s more,we had better not be overconfident,otherwise we may make a fool of ourselves.
I hope my answer will be helpful to you.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua(共114张PPT)
Unit 5　
Learning from nature
[头脑风暴·思维发散]
Architects often take nature for granted but true wisdom lies in discovering,understanding,and employing its principles.They take inspiration from nature,seek solutions to overcome challenges,and thereby position themselves at the frontier.They also recognise that applying these natural laws to architectural design can create buildings of superb harmony.This harmony can make occupants attain a sense of fulfilment,
thus enabling the buildings to truly become links connecting humanity and nature.
建筑师们经常将自然视为理所当然,但真正的智慧在于发现、理解和运用自然的法则。他们从自然中汲取灵感,寻求解决方法来克服挑战,从而让自己处于知识前沿。他们也认识到,将这些自然法则运用到建筑设计中可以创造出极为和谐的建筑。这种和谐可以使居住者获得一种满足感,从而使建筑真正成为连接人与自然的纽带。
Starting out,Understanding ideas,Using language
Part 1
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　　　　n.池塘
2. v.播(种)
3. n.医生
写作词汇
pond
sow
physician
1.lotus　　　　　　 n.
2.termite n.
3.mound n.
4.algae n.
5.pine cone 　
6.tile n.
7.mimic v.
阅读词汇
莲花,荷花
白蚁
土堆,土丘
藻类(植物)
松果,松球
瓦片
模仿
8.waterfront n.
9.promenade n.
10.plumbing n.
11.biomimicry n.
12.dioxide n.
13.bat n.
14.echo-location n.
滨水地区
滨海步行道
管道系统
仿生学
二氧化物
蝙蝠
回声定位
15.radar n.
16.swimsuit n.
17.dragonfly n.
18.drone n.
19.spider n.
雷达
游泳衣
蜻蜓
无人驾驶飞机
蜘蛛
拓展词汇
1. n.建筑师→architecture n.建筑;建筑学→architectural adj.建筑学的;建筑上的
2. adj.极好的,出色的→superbly adv.雄伟地;壮丽地
3. v.使转变;使转换→conversion n.转变;转换;转化
4. n.(学科的)知识前沿→front n.前面;正面;前线 adj.前面的;前部的;正面的
architect
superb
convert
frontier
5. n.智慧→wise adj.明智的;充满智慧的→wisely adv.明智地;聪明地
6. v.使用,运用→employer n.雇主,雇用者,老板→employee n.雇员,受雇者→employment n.使用;雇用;就业→unemployment n.失业;失业人数
wisdom
employ
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.be used to　　　　　　
2.take...for granted
3.an example of...
4.be fed with
5.convert...into...
6.respond to
习惯于
认为……理所当然
……的一个例子
以……为养料
把……转变成……
响应,回应
7.live in harmony with
8.meet the needs of
9.be supposed to
10.seek solutions to
11.take inspiration from
12.come about
e into being
与……和睦相处
满足……的需求
应该
寻求解决方法
从……中获取灵感
发生
形成,产生
重点句型
1.In fact,we are used to them we may even take them for granted without realising .(so...that...引导结果状语从句;how much引导宾语从句)
事实上,我们已经习惯了它们的存在,甚至可能把它们视为理所当然,却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
so
that
how much inspiration they have given us
2. is natural to think in this way,but of course the umbrella
inspired the flower or the roof inspired the pine cone.(It作形式主语;强调句型)
以这种方式思考是很自然的,但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感,也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
3.The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment .(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句)
该建筑旨在展示自然和现代城市环境之间的联系。
It
it wasn’t
that
that
in which it sits
4. ,it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.(过去分词短语作状语)
它的形状像一朵莲花,漂浮在海滨长廊上,四周被水环绕。
5. such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.(动名词短语作主语)
创造这样的建筑物能够使我们与我们的环境更和谐地相处。
Shaped to resemble a lotus flower
Creating buildings
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与自然——建筑设计与自然界的联系
2.语篇类型:说明文
3.课文内容分析:课文介绍了人类从自然界中获得灵感进行建筑设计的情况,并列举了三个代表性建筑。阅读本文有利于学生深入思考人类与自然的关系,合理利用自然资源,尊重自然规律,与自然和谐共生。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
fascinating
resemble
connection
was inspired
energy
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.What does the word “them” in Paragraph 5 refer to
[A]Buildings. [B]Panels.
[C]Algae. [D]Nutrients.
C
(　　)2.What can we conclude from the text
[A]Nature can be our teacher.
[B]Nature is full of mysteries.
[C]Nature is influenced by human architecture.
[D]Humans should protect nature.
A
(　　)3.How does the passage mainly develop
[A]By making a comparison.
[B]By following the order of time.
[C]By listing numbers.
[D]By giving examples.
D
(　　)4.Where does this text probably come from
[A]A travel guide book.
[B]A natural science magazine.
[C]An advertisement.
[D]A biography.
B
二次开发·深研课文
▲
　　We are so accustomed to the beauty of nature that we can’t realise how much 1.　 　　　(inspire) it has given us.For instance,it’s natural to think an open flower 2.　　　 　(resemble) an umbrella but actually,it is the flower 3.　　　　 inspires the umbrella.
inspiration
resembles
that
　　Nature has inspired many of 4.　　　　 most fascinating designs around us,those in architecture included.People whose interest is exploring the relationship 5.
art and museum will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum.It is shaped to resemble
6.　　　 lotus flower whose floor collects rainwater and then recycles it through the plumbing system.7.　　 　　(watch) a nature documentary in which termites were constructing 8.　　　　(they) nests inspired Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce to create the Eastgate Centre.The building uses 9.　　　　(little) energy and costs less to run.In Hamburg,the Algae House’s surface is covered in panels containing algae,which capture heat from the sun and provide energy to power the building.Thus,the building not only uses less energy but also reduces damage to the environment.
the
between
a
Watching
their
less
　　10.　　　　(live) in harmony with nature,we had better learn from the nature and even the simplest organisms can help us.
To live
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.be used to (doing) sth习惯于(做)某事
[教材原句] In fact,we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us.
事实上,我们已经习惯了它们的存在,甚至可能把它们视为理所当然,却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
[例] (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)...I got passed by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads.
……我被大约100名习惯了这种路况的“当地”骑行者超越了。
[例] I am used to taking a walk after dinner,which not only helps me digest my food but also allows me to relax.
我习惯了晚饭后散步,这不仅有助于我消化食物,还能让我放松。
温馨提示
used to、be used to、get used to的辨析。
①used to意为“过去常常(做某事)”,后接动词原形。常用来表示今昔对比,含“(现在)已经不那样做了”之意。
②be used to有两个含义:当意为“被用来做某事”时,后接动词原形;当意为
“习惯于;适应”时,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式,表示一种状态。
③get used to意为“习惯于”,表示一个动作,含“由不适应向适应的转变”之意,其后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
Solar panels are used 　　 　　(convert) sunlight into electricity,
contributing to the development of renewable energy sources.
I’m used to 　　　　(cycle) to school,which helps me keep fit.
The architect used 　　　　(have) a walk in the woods to get inspiration when he lived in the countryside.
to convert
cycling
to have
2.inspire v.激励,鼓舞;赋予灵感,引起联想
inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的;激励的;启发灵感的
inspired adj.品质优秀的;能力卓越的;受……影响的
inspiration n.[U]灵感;[C]鼓舞人心的人或事
[教材原句] It is natural to think in this way,but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
以这种方式思考是很自然的,但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感,也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
[例] (2024·北京卷)Unsurprisingly,these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe.
不出所料,这些新概念启发了我们构建新的宇宙模型。
inspire sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
[例] (2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Two years later,a six-meter-tall pavilion,inspired by The Peony Pavilion,was built at the Firs Garden,just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
两年后,以《牡丹亭》为灵感,在菲斯花园建成一座6米高的亭子,该花园距离莎士比亚的出生地仅10分钟的步行路程。
be inspired by受到……的启发,由……获得灵感
归纳拓展
·inspire sb 鼓舞某人
inspire sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
inspire sb with sth(=inspire sth in sb)用某物激励某人;使某人产生……感觉/情感
·be inspired by受到……的启发,由……获得灵感
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/翻译句子
　　　 　(inspire) by the beauty of nature,she decided to draw a picture.
When asked where her 　 　　　 of the novel came from,she said her father’s 　　 　　 words 　　　　 her to write it.(inspire)
Inspired
inspiration
inspiring
inspired
老师对科学的热情激励着学生们去探索并尝试新的想法。
The teacher’s passion for science inspires the students to explore and try new ideas.
3.amaze vt.使吃惊;使惊奇;使惊愕
·amazed adj.感到惊奇的;吃惊的
·amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的
·amazement n.惊奇;惊愕
[教材原句] Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
当置身于这样一座真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时,参观者常常叹为观止。
[例] (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Then he tried acupuncture,an ancient Chinese practice,and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.
然后他尝试了针灸,这是一种古老的中国疗法,令人惊讶的是,经过两三次治疗后,他的病情就有所好转。
[例] (2024·全国甲卷)I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to talk to:her stories always make my history textbooks come alive.
我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人:她的故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。
归纳拓展
·be amazed at/by...对……感到大为惊奇
be amazed to do sth 对做某事而感到惊奇
·to one’s amazement 使某人大为惊奇的是
in amazement 惊讶地;惊愕地
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The speech the professor gave at the conference was truly
(amaze),leaving everyone in attendance inspired and touched.
When she opened the present,she was 　　　　(amaze) to find a ticket to her favourite concert.
The discovery of the ancient artifact filled everyone with
(amaze) and excitement.
　　　　　　　　　　　　(令我们惊讶的是),the building’s walls were painted with colourful murals overnight.
amazing
amazed
amazement
To our amazement
语
境
串
词
To my amazement,the small town I have visited years ago have undergone remarkable changes.The changes amazed even the locals,who couldn’t help but be amazed at the amazing development their town had undergone.
令我惊讶的是,多年前我曾参观过的那个小镇发生了显著的变化。这些变化甚至使当地人也感到惊奇,他们不禁对小镇所经历的惊人的发展感到
惊奇。
4.absorb v.吸收;吸引;理解;掌握;使专心
·absorbing adj.十分吸引人的;引人入胜的
·absorbed adj.精神集中的
·absorption n.专心致志;全神贯注;吸收
[教材原句] At night,the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air,creating a comfortable temperature inside.
夜间,墙壁吸收的热量使冷空气变暖,创造着适宜的内部温度条件。
[例] (2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
Catriona Cambkell的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图,旨在解决即将到来的人工智能革命所带来的挑战。
[例] (读后续写之动作描写)She took out a book,started to read and soon got absorbed in it.
她拿出一本书,开始阅读,很快就沉浸其中了。
be/get absorbed in 专心致志于,全神贯注于
归纳拓展
·absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力
absorb...from...从……中吸收……
·be/get absorbed in 专心致志于,全神贯注于
be absorbed by/into 被……吞并/吸引
温馨提示
表示“全神贯注于”的常见短语还有be lost in、be buried in、fix/focus one’s attention on、devote oneself to、concentrate one’s mind on、apply oneself to、be addicted to等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
Water and salt are 　　　 　(absorb) into our bloodstream every day.
The teacher’s 　　　 　(absorb) lecture on history made the students completely forget the passage of time.
Vitamin D is necessary to aid the 　　 　　(absorb) of calcium from food.
absorbed
absorbing
absorption
汤姆专心于工作,以至于忘记了通知她这件事。
→Tom was so　　　　　　　　　　　　 that he forgot to inform her of the issue.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　,Tom forgot to inform her of the issue.(过去分词短语作状语)
absorbed in his work
Absorbed in his work
5.be fed with 以……为养料;用……供给
[教材原句] The algae are fed with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide to encourage them to grow.
藻类以液体营养素和二氧化碳为养料,促进自身生长。
[例] This crop is fed with organic fertilisers.
这种农作物以有机肥料为养料。
[例] I am fed up with this weather.It’s time we had some sunshine.
我受够了这种天气。该出太阳了。
be fed up with 讨厌/受够了……
归纳拓展
feed on 以……为食
feed...on...(=feed...to...) 用……喂养……
be fed up with 讨厌/受够了……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
He has a large family 　　　　(feed).
The little boy took a piece of bread and 　　　　(feed) it to the pet dog.
Pandas 　　　　　　　　　　 (以竹子为食).
　　　　　　　　　(厌倦了) the noisy and crowded city life,she chose to embrace the quietness of nature by living in the countryside with her parents.
to feed
fed
feed on bamboo
Fed up with
6.respond vi.回复,回答;对……作出反应
·response n.回答,答复;反应;响应
[教材原句] The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy,but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
因此,该建筑不仅能够适应环境,减少能耗,而且自身可以产生可再生能源,减少对环境的危害。
[例] (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)...since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change,I wanted to know:Are they usable
……由于我们越来越多地使用观测数据来调查物种如何应对全球变化,我想知道:它们有用吗
respond to 回答;对……作出反应
[例] (2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)This happened some of the time,but it wasn’t the dominant response.
这种情况时有发生,但不是主要的反应。
归纳拓展
·respond to 回答;对……作出反应
·in response to 作为对……的回应
make a/no response to 对……作出反应/不予回应
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
(读后续写之动作描写)I looked in her face for her 　 　　　(respond),but she just stared at me blankly.
The English teacher organised a speaking contest 　　　　　　　　(作为对……的回应)students’ enthusiasm for oral English.
response
in response to
Carl没有回答我的问题,继续吃他的饭。
→Carl 　　　　　　　　　　 my question,and carried on with his meal.
(respond)
→Carl 　　　　　　　　　　　　 my question,and carried on with his meal.(response)
didn’t respond to
made no response to
7.harmony n.融洽,和谐,协调
·harmonious adj.融洽的,和谐的
·harmoniously adv.融洽地,和谐地
[教材原句] Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
创造这样的建筑物能够使我们与我们的环境更和谐地相处。
[例] Our class is like a big harmonious family,where everyone helps and cares for each other.
我们班就像一个和谐的大家庭,在这里,大家彼此帮助、相互关心。
[例] (读后续写之主旨升华)It occurred to me that we should live in harmony with animals and treat them with kindness.
我突然想到,我们应该与动物和谐相处,并且友善地对待它们。
in harmony with...与……相处融洽
归纳拓展
in harmony with...与……相处融洽
social/racial harmony 社会/种族融洽
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
The orchestra played with such 　 　　　(harmonious) that the audience was deeply moved.
There are several ways to create and maintain a 　　　 　 (harmony) dormitory life.
(应用文写作之倡议书)Instead of conquering nature,we should learn to get along with it 　　 　　 (harmony).
harmony
harmonious
harmoniously
8.challenge n.挑战;艰巨任务 v.(向某人) 挑战
·challenging adj.具有挑战性的;考验能力的
[教材原句] To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge,but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
保护明天的世界,同时满足当下的需求,这可能是一项挑战,但即使是最简单的生物也能帮忙,教我们如何实现目标。
[例] (2024·全国甲卷)It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready,like cookies.
如果你已经准备好了不健康的零食,比如饼干,那么适度饮食就更有挑战
性了。
[例] We should view challenges as opportunities rather than obstacles.
我们应该把挑战看作是机会而非障碍。
归纳拓展
·challenge sb to sth 向某人挑战做某事
challenge sb to do sth 激励某人做某事
·accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战
face a challenge 面临挑战
meet the challenge of 迎接……的挑战
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
I wish you and your family all the best in the 　　 　　(challenge) future.
The environmental campaign challenged people 　 　　　(take) active steps to protect our planet.
Many students in the class took 　　　　 the challenge of participating in the national science competition.
　　　　　　　　　　(面对挑战),we shouldn’t give up.
challenging
to take
up
Facing challenges
9.employ v.使用,运用;雇用,聘请
·employer n.雇主;雇用者,老板
·employee n.雇员;受雇者
·employment n.工作;职业;受雇;就业
[教材原句] Inspired by dolphins,people have learnt how to send signals underwater,which is currently employed in tsunami early-warning systems.
受海豚的启发,人们学会了如何在水下发送信号,这种方法目前被用于海啸预警系统。
[例] (2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.
BMF 的员工在日常生活中践行可持续发展理念。
[例] (2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.
Carson证明了一种简单的抒情形式,这种形式已经代代相传,今天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的关注。
归纳拓展
employ sb to do sth 雇用某人做某事
employ sb as...雇用某人为……
employ sth to do sth 利用某物做某事
employ oneself in (doing) sth =be employed in (doing) sth从事于,忙于(做)某事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
The architect employed advanced 3D modeling software 　　 　　(create) a detailed virtual model of the building before construction.
The local museum employed Lucy 　　 a tour guide due to her profound knowledge of art history and outstanding storytelling skills.
他忙于列出所有要完成的工作清单。
→He 　　　　　　　　　　　 making a list of all the work to do.(employ oneself in)
→He 　　　　　　　　　 　　 making a list of all the work to do.(be employed in)
to create
as
employed himself in
was employed in
语
境
串
词
The employment rate has increased in that area recently.The reason is that a lot of companies want to employ enough workers to expand their production.Also,more employers offer higher payment to the qualified employees to motivate them.
最近,那个地区的就业率增长了。原因是许多公司想雇用足够的工人来扩大生产;而且,更多的老板向合格员工提供更高的薪酬来激励他们。
重点句式
强调句型
▲
[教材原句] It is natural to think in this way,but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
以这种方式思考是很自然的,但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感,也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
[例] (2023·浙江1月卷)It is this that distinguishes humans from machines.
正是这一点将人类与机器区分开来。
[例] (读后续写之主旨升华)It was his encouraging words that gave me the courage to face difficulties.
正是他鼓励的话语给了我面对困难的勇气。
温馨提示
①强调句型的基本句式是“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他”,所以看到it is/was开头的句子,先判断是不是强调句,办法是去掉it is/was 和that/who,如果句子仍然成立,则原句是强调句。
②not until的强调句型是“It is/was not until...+that+其他”。
[语境运用] 句型转换
He spent the summer vacation with his friends in a seaside village last year.
→
　 .(强调主语)
→
　.(强调宾语)
It was he that/who spent the summer vacation with his friends in a seaside village last year
It was the summer vacation that he spent with his friends in a seaside village last year
→
　.(强调地点状语)
→
　.(强调时间状语)
It was in a seaside village that he spent the summer vacation with his friends last year
It was last year that he spent the summer vacation with his friends in a seaside village
长难句分析
[教材原句] Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests.
尝试分析:本句为复合句。 为状语从句的省略,充当时间状语,相当于时间状语从句“while he was watching...”; 为定语从句,修饰先行词documentary,in which相当于where,在定语从句中充当地点状语。
自主翻译:津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴,从中得到启发,从而设计了东门大厦。
[语境运用] 情境写作
科学家们在得知蝙蝠的回声定位可以用来识别物体的位置并避免相互碰撞时,从中得到了启发,从而改善了雷达系统。
Scientists were inspired to improve radar systems when they learnt echo-location by which bats can identify the positions of objects and avoid crashing into each other.
语法微专题5
非谓语动词(1)
——非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
语法原句再现
Today,architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms...
Shaped to resemble a lotus flower,it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.
Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
请注意上述句中黑体部分的形式,所在的位置以及充当的句子成分。
语法知识点拨
英语中的非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词。
一、非谓语动词区别简表
类别 to do doing done
含义 表主动或 将来 表主动或 (正在)进行 表被动或
完成
成 分 主语 √ √ —
宾语 √ √ —
表语 √ √ √
定语 √ √ √
状语 √ √ √
补足语 √ √ √
否定 (not) to do (not) doing (not) done
时 态 一般时 to do doing done
进行时 to be doing — —
完成时 to have done having done —
完成 进行时 to have been doing — —
语 态 一般 被动式 to be done being done —
进行 被动式 — — —
完成 被动式 to have been done having been done —
二、不定式
不定式不可作谓语,但它可以有自己的宾语、状语,构成不定式短语,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。高考对不定式的考查主要有不定式的时态、语态、作用、否定、省略、“连词+不定式”等。
1.作主语
不定式作主语表示具体的动作,通常指已知的事或目的。不定式作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。
To say is a thing,and to do is another.
说是一回事,做是另外一回事。
温馨提示
不定式短语较长时,通常用it作形式主语。
It is important to learn English well.
学好英语很重要。
(应用文写作之演讲稿)It is a great honour to be invited to give a speech here.
很荣幸受邀在此发表演讲。
2.作宾语
(1)通常用不定式作宾语的动词有want、wish、hope、long、expect、desire、intend、decide、ask、promise、aim、offer、agree、plan、learn、choose、refuse、fail、manage、pretend等。
He chose to study engineering at university.
他选择在大学学习工程学。
(读后续写之情感描写)He was very nervous while standing on the stage,but he managed to keep calm.
他站在舞台上时非常紧张,但他设法保持镇静。
(2)不定式作宾语较长时,也可用it作形式宾语,把真正的宾语放在后面。
He feels it good to exercise regularly.
他觉得定期锻炼有好处。
(3)“特殊疑问词+不定式”具有名词特征,可作宾语。
They haven’t decided when and where to build the library.
他们还没决定什么时候、在哪里建图书馆。
(4)不定式可作介词but、except、besides (除……之外)的宾语,介词前有实义动词do的任何一种形式,后面的不定式就不带to,否则必须带to。
I want to do nothing but play basketball.
我只想打篮球。
I have no choice but to wait.
除了等,我别无选择。
3.作表语
(1)不定式作表语放在be或其他系动词后,说明主语的内容。同样,“特殊疑问词+不定式”具有名词特征,也可作表语。
His goal was to enter the key university of Beijing.
他的目标是考进北京的重点大学。
The first question is how to find a better way to learn English well.
第一个问题是怎样找到一个学好英语的更好的办法。
(2)不定式作主语时,表语也必须为不定式,结构必须保持一致。
To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
(3)如果主语部分的谓语动词或非谓语动词是实义动词do的某种形式,那么作表语的不定式可以省去to。
The first thing he did after getting up was (to) make the bed.
他起床后做的第一件事就是整理床铺。
The only thing he could do was (to) tell the truth.
他唯一能做的事就是说出真相。
三、动词-ing形式
动词-ing形式有一般时和完成时,有主动式和被动式,可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。
1.作主语
动词-ing形式作主语表示抽象动作,指已知的事或经验。动词-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。
Participating in volunteer activities enriches my life experience.
参加志愿者活动丰富了我的生活经验。
Reading is my hobby.
阅读是我的业余爱好。
2.作宾语
通常用动词-ing形式作宾语的动词有admit、avoid、appreciate、consider、dislike、enjoy、escape、excuse、finish、imagine、keep、mind、miss、practise、risk、resist、suggest等。
She couldn’t imagine living in a place like that.
她无法想象住在那样一个地方。
I keep thinking back to the day when I first arrived here.
我不断回想我刚到这儿的那一天。
温馨提示
以下动词词组后面可接动词-ing形式作宾语:give up、belong to、look forward to、keep on、insist on、be busy、get down to、be devoted to、have difficulty/trouble (in)、have a good/wonderful time (in)等。
The environmentalist is devoted to protecting the endangered animals.
这位环保主义者致力于保护濒危动物。
3.作表语
动词-ing形式可作表语,常表示主语的内容或所具有的特征。
His hobby is painting.
他的业余爱好是画画。
温馨提示
动词-ing形式作表语,相当于形容词,含有主动意味。常见的有interesting、amusing、boring、tiring、pleasing、exciting、moving、disappointing、surprising、encouraging等。
His story was very moving.
他的故事很感人。
四、过去分词
过去分词既有副词的特征又有动词的特征,在句中可作表语、定语、状语和补足语。
过去分词作表语表示被动意义,主语通常是人,一般用来表示感受和状态,可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有astonished、delighted、disappointed、excited、experienced、exhausted、frightened、interested、puzzled、qualified、satisfied、upset等。
温馨提示
有些过去分词作表语实际上已经构成固定短语,如be interested in、be satisfied with、be covered with、be dressed in、be seated、be locked等。能用这些分词作表语的系动词有be、get、remain、stay等。
The mountains in winter are covered with thick snow.
冬天,山上覆盖着厚厚的积雪。
We were greatly encouraged when we heard the speech.
我们听演讲时大受鼓舞。
[语境运用]句子语法填空
　　 　　(travel) around the world is his dream.
　　　 　(recycle) waste materials is beneficial to the environment.
She offered 　　　　(lend) me her bike.
My favourite sport is 　　　　(ski).
The teacher gets the students 　 　　　(interest) in science.
To travel
Recycling
to lend
skiing
interested
真题体验
1.(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level,the national parks,in particular,tend 　　　 　(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
【解析】 考查非谓语动词作宾语。分析句子结构可知,“　　　　(catch) our attention”部分作动词tend的宾语,tend to do sth意为“倾向于做某事”。故填to catch。
to catch
2.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)You may be 　　　　(amaze) how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
【解析】 考查非谓语动词作表语。分析句子结构可知,“　　　　(amaze)” 部分在句中作表语,修饰主语You。故填amazed。
amazed
3.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility,said Edmondson,adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often 　　　　(amaze) to find the connection between the two great writers.
【解析】 考查非谓语动词作表语。分析句子结构可知,“　　　　(amaze)” 部分在句中作表语,修饰主语visitors。故填amazed。
amazed
4.(2024·北京卷)　　　 　(take) the time to rest allows us to develop a deeper sense of self-awareness.
【解析】 考查非谓语动词作主语。分析句子结构可知,“　　　　(take) the time to rest”部分为句子的主语,即动名词短语作主语,设空处位于句首,首字母大写。故填Taking。
Taking
5.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Recalling 　　　 　(watch) a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion,Edmondson said,“It was very 　　　　(excite) to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
watching
exciting
【解析】 考查非谓语动词作宾语和表语。分析句子结构可知,
“　　　　(watch) a Chinese opera version...in Shanghai”部分作Recalling的宾语,且与“meeting Chinese actors...The Peony Pavilion”为并列结构,应用watching; 句中“　　　　(excite)”则充当表语,修饰表示事物的主语it,应用exciting。故填watching;exciting。
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.完成句子
1.抱怨是没有用的——我们最好想想解决问题的办法。
It’s no use 　　 　　—we’d better think of ways to solve the problems.
2.下次你去拜访鲍勃时,记得提前给他打个电话。
Next time you visit Bob,remember 　　　　　　　　　　　　 in advance.
complaining
to give him a call
3.不刻苦学习是不可能学好外语的。
It is impossible 　　　　　 　　　　　　　 without making painstaking efforts.
4.她对自己在考试中的表现感到满意。
She felt 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in the exam.
5.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为会更好。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 I saw last night.I had expected it to be better.
to learn a foreign language well　
satisfied with her performance
I was disappointed with the film
Ⅱ.语篇填空
　　1.　 　　　(learn) from and mimicking the strategies used by species alive today is 2.　　 　　 biomimicry (仿生学) is about.Its goal is
3.　　 　　(create) products,processes,and policies—new ways of living.For example,our planet is 4.　　　　 some threats.Many people are losing hope for 5.　　　 　(solve) the climate crisis and its negative
6.　　 　　(effect) on ecosystems across the world.
Learning
what
to create
under
solving
effects
Biomimicry gives us hope.Some modern designs mean 7.　　 　　(restore) air,water,and soil instead of degrading (分解) it.We don’t need
8.　　　 　(reinvent) the strategies 9.　　　 　 are already here.We just need to learn how 10.　　 　 　(adapt) to them.So to value nature for what we can learn,not what we can extract or harvest.
restoring　
to reinvent
that
to adapt(共18张PPT)
Unit 5　课时作业(一)
(分值:43.5分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.Those buildings were designed by an 　　 　　 (建筑师) in London.
2.The park on the 　　 　　 (滨水地区) is bound to be a good place for rest and recreation.
3.The Natural History Museum is a 　　　　 (极好的) place for kids.
4.The castle was built on top of a natural grassy 　　　　 (土堆).
architect
waterfront
superb
mound
5.The stories of those scientists working in the 　 　　　 (知识前沿) of science and technology inspired us to study harder.
6.Artists often draw inspiration from the elegant shape of the 　　　　 (荷花) for their paintings.
7.　　　　 (藻类) play a crucial role in the aquatic ecosystem as they are a primary source of food for many organisms.
8.She can 　　　 　 (模仿) different accents effortlessly,which is quite impressive.
frontiers
lotus
Algae
mimic
9.The 　　 　　 (管道系统) in this old house needs to be repaired as the pipes are leaking.
10.　　 　　 (仿生学) is an innovative field that draws inspiration from nature to solve human problems.
plumbing
Biomimicry
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共9题;每题1.5分,共13.5分)
1.The 　　　　 (wisdom) old man shared many valuable life lessons with the young generation.
2.Scientists are constantly seeking solutions 　　 environmental problems.
3.The government’s investment in infrastructure projects can create more
　 　　　 (employ) opportunities.
4.He began studying 　　　 　 (architect) at university in 2020.
wise
to
employment
architecture
5.We sometimes take 　　　　 for granted that we can access clean water whenever we want.
6.He set an example 　　　　 wholehearted service to the people.
7.You are supposed 　　　　 (be) here an hour ago.
8.Artists often draw inspiration 　　　　 nature to create breathtaking artworks.
9.With advancements in technology,energy 　 　　　 (convert) efficiency has been significantly improved.
it
of
to be
from
conversion
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.在聚会上他遇到的是他最好的朋友。(强调句型)
2.每天获得充足的睡眠很重要。(It作形式主语)
It was his best friend that/who he met at the party.
It is important to get enough sleep every day.
3.有那么多有趣的书,我不知道该选哪本了。(so...that...引导结果状语从句)
There are so many interesting books that I don’t know which one to choose.
4.我们只有彼此和睦相处,才能创造一个更加和谐的社会。(live in harmony with)
5.你可以通过这个网站订票,它非常便捷。(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句)
Only if we live in harmony with each other can we create a more harmonious society.
The website,through which you can book tickets,is very convenient.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Dolphins,African gray parrots and some other animals also understand the idea of “zero”,but researchers were surprised to find that honeybees also comprehend this concept,considering the insects’ tiny brains,according to a study.Honeybees have fewer than 1 million neurons (神经元),compared with the 86 billion neurons in humans and yet,they grasp a concept that humans,by some measures,don’t start to understand before preschool.
The researchers set up two cards,each of which had a set of symbols on them,like triangles or circles.Then,they trained a group of bees to fly to the card with the lower number of symbols.The bees quickly learnt what the humans wanted them to do to get their delicious,sweet rewards.The trained bees were then shown a card that was empty and one that had symbols on it.There was no need for the bees to be trained to fly more often to the empty card—thus showing that they understood that “zero” was a number less than the others.
Although they flew more often to an empty card than to one that had one symbol on it,it became easier for them to distinguish when the symbols on the card increased in number.For example,they more often flew to the empty card when the other card had four symbols than when it had one.
“Perhaps these findings will explain the brain mechanism (机制)
behind what allows us to understand the concept of ‘nothing’,” Dyer,a researcher said.This understanding,in turn,could help in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) that also understands this concept.“If bees can understand ‘zero’ with a brain of less than a million neurons,it suggests there are simple,efficient ways to teach AI new tricks,” Dyer said in the statement.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现,蜜蜂的脑容量相比人类来说要小很多,但它与许多其他动物一样,能理解“零”这样的抽象概念,这为人工智能的发展带来了新的启示。
(　　)1.What is it that shocked the researchers
[A]Bees can understand “zero” with tiny brains.
[B]Many animals also understand the idea of “zero”.
[C]Humans can’t understand “zero” before preschool.
[D]Humans are the only species to know about “nothing”.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,令研究人员吃惊的是虽然蜜蜂的脑容量小,但它们也能理解“零”这样的概念。故选A。
(　　)2.What can the bees do without further training
[A]Fly more often to the card with more symbols on it.
[B]Fly more often to the card with fewer symbols on it.
[C]Fly more often to the card without any symbol on it.
[D]Fly more often to the card with tiny symbols on it.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段内容,尤其是最后一句可知,蜜蜂能飞向符号少的卡片是训练的结果。但是,蜜蜂能更频繁地飞向空白的卡片是不需要训练的。故选C。
(　　)3.What did Dyer say about these findings according to the last paragraph
[A]They allow people to set a new type of brain mechanism.
[B]They enable people to understand more abstract concepts.
[C]They suggest ways to teach humans some complex tricks.
[D]They offer inspiration to the development of technology.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 Dyer所说的话可推知,他认为这些发现能够为科技的发展提供一些灵感。故选D。
(　　)4.What is the main idea of the text
[A]Honeybees can understand much as humans do.
[B]Honeybees know about the concept of “zero”.
[C]Honeybees will help to improve AI in the future.
[D]Honeybees can be trained to comprehend “zero”.
B
【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要是在讲蜜蜂与许多其他动物一样,能理解“零”这样的抽象概念。故选B。(共21张PPT)
Unit 5　课时作业(二)
(分值:50分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area need
　　 　　(repair).
2.All of us agreed it is necessary 　 　　　(collect) related materials before we began to write a report.
3.I think it is no good 　　　　(have) another talk with him on this matter.
4.The two girls are so alike that strangers find 　　　　 difficult to tell one from the other.
repairing/to be repaired
to collect
having
it
5.His job is 　　　　 (look) after the old people in the nursing home.
6.He was so 　　　　 (excite) when he heard his mother’s words that they would go for a picnic next weekend.
7.The purpose of this activity is 　　　　 (raise) money for the charity.
8.My favourite way to relax is 　　　　 (listen) to soft music.
9.His wish is 　　　　 (buy) a new car in the near future.
10.It was 　　　　 (amaze) that our class won the second place.
to look
excited
to raise
listening
to buy
amazing
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
2.演奏乐器能缓解压力。
His wish is to be a doctor in the future.
Playing musical instruments can relieve stress.
3.尽管迷路了,这位徒步旅行者还是设法找到了走出森林的路。
4.他不介意在电影院外面等你。
The hiker managed to find his way out of the forest even though he got lost.
He doesn’t mind waiting for you outside the cinema.
5.她坚持在睡前快速复习一遍笔记。
She insists on doing a quick review of her notes before going to bed.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Scientists tested the effects of new PVC pellets (聚氯乙烯颗粒) on the development of seven species,spanning all major groups of marine animals.They found exposure to high concentrations of PVC pellets prevented healthy development in all seven species.
The study,by an international team led by the Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn di Napoli (SZN) and the University of Exeter,highlights the “potentially catastrophic effects” of rising levels of plastic in the ocean.
“When exposed to high levels of new PVC pellets,the species we examined went wrong in different ways,” said the first author Dr.Jimenez-Guri.“Some failed to make a shell;some failed to form proper bilateral (两侧的) features; some just stopped developing after a few rounds of cell division.They all failed to make a viable embryo (胚胎).”
The study also examined the bad effects of plastic samples collected from beaches.While the effects were not as widespread as those of new PVC pellets,high concentrations were found to affect the development of mollusks (软体动物),including sea urchins (海胆),sea stars and sea squirts
(海鞘).
Coasts and rivers are known hot spots for plastic pollution.As the species in the study all live in coastal areas,severe pollution could have a major impact.
“If you have extreme pollution at a time when these species are reproducing,then you don’t have the next generation of those species,” said Dr.Jimenez-Guri.
Explaining how plastics cause developmental abnormalities,Dr.
Jimenez-Guri said plastics contain a complex variety of potentially harmful components including zinc,which are slowly released once plastic is in the water.
She added,“If we reach these extreme levels of plastic pollution at our coasts,which happens in isolated cases but is thankfully uncommon at present,many species may become unable to reproduce,with massive impacts on marine life,the wider environment and people.We need urgent action to reduce the amount of plastic entering the ocean.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了塑料中的聚氯乙烯颗粒会影响海洋生物的健康发育。
(　　)1.What is the author’s purpose of writing Paragraph 1
[A]To introduce the topic of the text.
[B]To describe the methods used in the study.
[C]To present the findings of different studies.
[D]To highlight the positive effects of PVC pellets.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可推知,作者写第一段的目的是引入文章主题。故选A。
(　　)2.What does the underlined word “catastrophic” in Paragraph 2 mean
[A]Creative. [B]Formal.
[C]Terrible. [D]Isolated.
C
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据第一段中最后一句以及画线词所在句可知,上文提到研究人员发现暴露在高浓度的聚氯乙烯颗粒环境中会阻碍七个物种的健康发育,即海洋中塑料含量上升产生的影响很糟糕,所以画线词的意思是“糟糕的”。故选C。
(　　)3.What is Dr.Jimenez-Guri’s attitude towards the situation of marine life
[A]Positive.
[B]Concerned.
[C]Conservative.
[D]Indifferent.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可推知,Jimenez-Guri博士对海洋生物状况感到担忧。故选B。
(　　)4.Which can be the best title for the text
[A]The Role of PVC Pellets in Marine Ecosystems
[B]The Importance of Coastal Areas for Marine Life
[C]The Future of Marine Life Under Plastic Pollution
[D]The Serious Impact of PVC Pellets on Marine Life
D
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据第一段,并结合文章主要介绍了塑料中的聚氯乙烯颗粒会影响海洋生物的健康发育可知,D项最适合作为文章的标题。故选D。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
Malaindrano is a giant baobab (猴面包树) tree that is hollowed out (被挖空) for the storage of water,1.　　　　 (exist) in a village in Madagascar.Malaindrano means “he who hates water”,2.　　　　 this baobab doesn’t hate water at all.It is so big that many people believe it has never been 3.　　 　　 (complete) filled.
Even semi-full,the trees are vital for storing water in one of Madagascar’s driest regions.Also known 4.　　　　 bottle trees because of their unique thick trunks,
such baobab trees form a network of 5.　　　　 (nature) water tanks.Using them has allowed people to live in a place where rain is rare,and where the little rain that falls 6.　 　　　 (absorb) quickly by the soil.
existing
but
completely
as
natural
is absorbed
Lack of rain can lead to a lack of food.Many local people once 7.
(die) because of extreme drought.This forced the locals to come up with an idea:Hollowing out baobabs 8.　　　　 (store) water when it is abundant.A large baobab has the 9.　　　　 (able) to store about 14 m3 of water.Today,
many people 10.　　　 　 live in the region rely on the water in the tree to cope with the dry climate.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了非洲的猴面包树的储水功
能,该功能可以帮助当地人应对干旱的气候。
died
to store
ability
who/that
1.【答案】 existing
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词,动词exist与其逻辑主语Malaindrano之间为主谓关系,应用现在分词形式。故填existing。
2.【答案】 but
【解析】 考查连词。根据句意可知,上下文为转折关系。故填but。
3.【答案】 completely
【解析】 考查副词。此处修饰动词filled,作状语,应用副词。故填completely。
4.【答案】 as
【解析】 考查介词。be known as是固定搭配,意为“作为……而出名”,符合语境。故填as。
5.【答案】 natural
【解析】 考查形容词。此处修饰water tanks,作前置定语,应用形容词。故填natural。
6.【答案】 is absorbed
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处是谓语动词,陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时;动词absorb与逻辑主语rain之间为动宾关系,应用被动语态;主语rain为不可数名词,be动词用is。故填 is absorbed。
7.【答案】 died
【解析】 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词,根据时间状语once可知,应用一般过去时。故填died。
8.【答案】 to store
【解析】 考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词,作目的状语,应用动词不定式。故填to store。
9.【答案】 ability
【解析】 考查名词。have the ability to do sth是固定搭配,意为“有能力做某事”,符合语境。故填ability。
10.【答案】 who/that
【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导定语从句,many people为先行词,指人,且此处在从句中作主语。故填who/that。(共88张PPT)
Developing ideas,Presenting ideas,Reflection
Part 2
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　　　 v.鞠躬
2. adj.农村的,乡村的
3. n.乡村小屋
4. v.退出
写作词汇
bow
rural
cottage
withdraw
1.decent　　　 adj.
2.lane n.
3.atop prep.
4.mulberry n.
阅读词汇
可接受的,相当好的
(乡间的)小路
在……顶上
桑葚;桑树
拓展词汇
1. adv.表面(上)地→superficial adj.表面的;肤浅的;表层的
2. adv.不慌不忙地,从容不迫地→deliberate adj.不慌不忙的;从容不迫的;故意的;小心翼翼的 v.仔细考虑;深思熟虑→deliberation n.细想;考虑;审议;从容
3. adj.驯养的;家养的→domestically adv.国内地;家庭式地;适合国内地
superficially
deliberately
domestic
4. adj.抑郁的→depress v.压抑;使沮丧;使萧条→depression n.抑郁症;沮丧;不景气,萧条期
5. adj.不情愿的;勉强的→reluctantly adv.不情愿地;勉强地→
reluctance n.不情愿;勉强
6. v.离开→departure n.离开
7. n.纯洁;洁净→pure adj.纯的,纯洁的;纯粹的→purify v.净化
depressive
reluctant
depart
purity
8. v.使自己顺从于(做)某事;安于→resignation n.顺从;辞职;辞职信
9. adj.植物(学)的→botany n.植物学→botanist n.植物学家
10. v.拒绝接受→rejection n.拒绝接受;拒收;排斥
11. n.舒适,悠闲→easy adj.容易的;舒适的;随和的→easily adv.容易地;很可能
resign
botanical
reject
ease
12. v.得到,获得→attainable adj.可达到的;可获得的attainment n.达到;获得;成就;造诣
13. n.满足(感)→fulfil v.实现;履行;执行;符合;具备→fulfilled adj.满足的
14. v.评估,评价→evaluation n.评估,评价→evaluable adj.可估值的;可评价的
attain
fulfilment
evaluate
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.in one’s early twenties　
2.make dramatic
transformations to
3.feel conflicted over
4.in return for
5.draw...from...
6.a reaction to
在某人二十出头时
对……做出巨大转变
感到与……冲突/有矛盾
作为……的回报
从……中得到……
对……的反应
7.be opposed to
8.withdraw from
9.in contrast to
10.devote oneself to
11.resign oneself to
12.at ease with
反对
离开,退出,撤回
与……形成对比
致力于,献身于
使(某人)自己顺从于……
不拘束,放松
重点句型
1.In 405,he quit the service of the court for good,
in the now famous line
.(现在分词短语作状语;that引导同位语从句)
公元405年,陶渊明辞去了官职,以表达他对仕途的不满,用今天的一句名言形容就是“不为五斗米折腰”。
expressing his
unhappiness
that he would not “bow like a
servant in return for five dou of grain”
2.From his poetry,we can learn that ,he succeeded in finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature.(although 引导让步状语从句)
我们可以从他的诗歌中看出,尽管生活艰苦,但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感,并从大自然中获得了乐趣。
although his life was arduous
3.
,Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.(while用作并列连词,意为“而,然而”)
陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应,而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。
While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed
to
4.Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people
, .(that引导宾语从句;as引导方式状语从句)
梭罗的写作意图是使人们信服:动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。
that animals and plants had
a right to live and prosper
as we do
5. the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature, .(It作形式主语;as引导方式状语从句)
像陶渊明和梭罗那样,拒绝简单熟悉的事物,转而尝试亲近大自然,这需要相当大的勇气。
It takes considerable courage to reject
as both Tao and Thoreau did
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与自然——诗人对自然的热爱和对田园生活的向往
2.语篇类型:论说文
3.课文内容分析:文章通过介绍、比较中外田园诗人陶渊明和亨利·戴维·梭罗生活的年代,回归田园生活的社会背景、原因以及写作风格的异同,表达了他们对自然的热爱和对田园生活的向往,帮助学生学会用比较的写作手法介绍人物。阅读本文有利于学生加深对单元主题的理解,并初步掌握人物介绍的基本内容、文体特征和写作手法,在比较文化异同的同时,汲取国外文化中的精华,并弘扬中国优秀传统文化,坚定文化自信。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
nature
conflicted
personal decision
happy
reject
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.What did Tao and Thoreau want to get from nature
[A]A longer life span.
[B]Personal well-being and fulfilment.
[C]Some famous works.
[D]Tiring work.
B
(　　)2.What did they have in common
[A]They treated nature in the same way.
[B]They both lived in the 19th century.
[C]They were both responsible for their families.
[D]Their works showed the beauty of nature.
D
(　　)3.What does the author think of closeness to nature
[A]It will make us more satisfied.
[B]It will make us braver.
[C]It will make us stronger.
[D]It will make us thoughtful.
A
(　　)4.What kind of writing is the passage
[A]A research report.
[B]A travel guide.
[C]A comparative essay.
[D]An advertisement.
C
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.oppose v.反对,抵制;与……角逐
·opposed adj.反对的;相反的
·opposite adj.对面的;迥然不同的n.对立的人(或物);对立面prep.与……相对,在……对面 adv.在对面地
[教材原句] While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to,Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应,而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。
[例] His opinion is opposite to mine on this issue.
在这个问题上,他的观点和我的相反。
[例] The environmental volunteers oppose people littering in the park.
环保志愿者们反对人们在公园里乱扔垃圾。
be opposed to 反对;对抗(to是介词)
oppose (sb/sth) doing sth 反对/抵制(某人/某物)做某事
归纳拓展
·oppose (sb/sth) doing sth 反对/抵制(某人/某物)做某事
·be opposed to 反对;对抗(to是介词)
·be opposite to 在……对面;与……相反
温馨提示
“反对做某事”还可以表达为object to doing sth、be against doing sth等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
Only 18 per cent of those surveys were opposed 　　　　 the idea.
She tried calming him down but it seemed to have the 　　　　(oppose) effect.
我反对经常吃垃圾食品,因为这对健康有害。
→I 　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 as it’s bad for health.(oppose)
→I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 as it’s bad for health.
(opposed)
to
opposite
oppose eating junk food regularly
am opposed to eating junk food regularly
2.withdraw v.退出;撤回;停止提供;提款
·withdrawal n.撤退;收回;提款
[教材原句] Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life,
seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives.
两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退,在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。
[例] (读后续写之动作描写)I was considering withdrawing from the match when my father came and encouraged me to keep trying.
我正考虑退出比赛时父亲来了,他鼓励我继续努力。
withdraw from 离开,退出,撤回
[例] She had to withdraw her application for the scholarship because she couldn’t meet the deadline for submitting the required documents.
她不得不撤回奖学金申请,因为她无法在规定期限内提交所需的文件。
归纳拓展
withdraw...from... 使……撤离……;使……退出……
withdraw to...撤退到/退到(某个地方)
withdraw from 离开,退出,撤回
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
He withdrew himself 　　　　 the art club because he was too busy with work.
When the tornado was approaching,people withdrew 　 　 the underground shelters.
The athlete 　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(不得不退出比赛) because of an injury.
from
to
had to withdraw from the competition
3.contrast v.& n.对比,对照
[教材原句] The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life...
他描写的平静祥和的生活,与压抑的官场生活形成鲜明对比,是对压抑的官场生活的批判……
[例] The contrast of colours in the painting is very eye-catching.
这幅画中的色彩对比十分引人注目。
[例] In contrast to traditional teaching methods,online learning offers more flexibility.
与传统的教学方法相比,在线学习提供了更多的灵活性。
in contrast to...与……相比
归纳拓展
·contrast A with/and B 把A与B相比
contrast (sharply) with...与……形成(鲜明)对比
·contrast between A and B A与B之间的差异
in contrast to...与……相比
by contrast 相比之下
[语境运用] 完成句子
The modern skyscrapers in the city centre
(与……形成鲜明对比) the old-fashioned cottages in the suburbs.
　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　(对比一下这件白衬衫和这件黑衬衫) to see which suits you better.
　　　　　　　　(与……相比) the noisy cafeteria,the library is a quiet place to study.
The weather today is sunny and warm;　　　　　　(相比之下),yesterday it was rainy and cold.
contrast sharply with
Contrast the white shirt with/and the black one
In contrast to
by contrast
4.convince v.使信服,劝说
·convinced adj.坚信的,深信的,确信的
·convincing adj.令人信服的,有说服力的
[教材原句] Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper,as we do.
梭罗的写作意图是使人们信服:动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。
[例] I found his argument pretty convincing,so I believed him.
我觉得他的论点很有说服力,所以我相信他。
[例] The scientist’s research findings convinced the academic community of the new theory’s validity.
这位科学家的研究结果让学术界相信了这一新理论的有效性。
convince...of/that...使……确信……,使……
相信……
归纳拓展
·convince...of/that...使……确信……,使……相信……
convince sb to do sth说服/劝服某人做某事
·be convinced of确信/相信……
be convinced that...坚信……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
No one has come up with a 　　 　　(convince) explanation of the confusing issue.
Scientists are 　　 　　(convince) of the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health.
我相信你会在比赛中脱颖而出的。
→I 　　　　　　　　 your standing out in the competition.(be convinced of)
→I 　　　　　　　　　 you will stand out in the competition.(be convinced that)
convincing
convinced
am convinced of
am convinced that
5.resign v.使自己顺从于(做)某事;安于;辞职
·resigned adj.逆来顺受的;顺从的
·resignation n.顺从;辞职;辞职信
[教材原句] Live in each season as it passes;breathe the air,drink the drink,
taste the fruit,and resign yourself to the influences of each.
好好度过每一个季节,呼吸新鲜的空气,畅饮美酒,品尝水果,尽情享受这一切。
[例] Facing the worsening weather,the hikers resigned themselves to turning back.
面对越来越恶劣的天气,徒步旅行者们只好返回。
resign oneself to (doing) sth 听任/顺从/只好接受(做)某事
[例] His parents were amazed to hear that he had resigned from the company.
听到他已经从公司辞职了的消息,他的父母感到很惊讶。
resign from 从……辞职
归纳拓展
·resign one’s post/position辞去某人的职务
resign oneself to (doing) sth 听任/顺从/只好接受(做)某事
resign from 从……辞职
·with resignation 无奈地;顺从地
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
He took on the task with 　 　　　(resign),knowing there was no other choice.
To look after her sick mother,Mary decided to
(从公司辞职).
After months of searching for a job without success,he finally
　　　　　　　　　　　　(只好接受) a temporary position to make ends meet.
resignation
resign from the company
resigned himself to taking
6.ease n.舒适,悠闲 v.(使)宽慰;减轻;缓解
·easy adj.容易的;舒适的;随和的
·easily adv.容易地;很可能
[教材原句] In today’s modern world,their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment.
在今天这个现代世界,他们关于简单生活和与自然和谐相处的想法,可能会让我们离获得个人幸福和满足感更近一步。
[例] (2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else.
缓解热门旅游目的地的压力的最佳方法是去其他地方旅游。
[例] (读后续写之动作描写)She took a deep breath to ease her nervousness before the performance.
演出前,她深吸了一口气来缓解紧张。
归纳拓展
·at (one’s) ease (with...) (和……在一起)不拘束,放松
with ease 轻松地,毫不费力地
put sb at ease 使某人放松/自在
·ease sb of sth 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/句型转换
He began to pursue an 　　　　(ease) and comfortable life.
She completed the maths test 　　　　 ease,getting a perfect score.
She feels 　　　　 ease with her new colleagues,as they all share a sense of humour.
He eased himself of anxiety and felt at ease.
→　　　　　　　　　　,he felt at ease.(过去分词短语作状语)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　,he felt at ease.(现在分词短语作状语)
easy
with
at
Eased of anxiety
Easing himself of anxiety
尝试分析:本句是复合句。句中While作并列连词,意思为“而,然而”,表前后意义上的对比。 为定语从句,修饰a lifestyle; 为不定式短语作后置定语,修饰a personal decision; 为定语从句,修饰先行词the way。
自主翻译:陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应,而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。
[教材原句] While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to,Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
长难句分析
[语境运用] 情境写作
约翰去了大学,选择了他从小就感兴趣的专业,然而他哥哥却放弃了继续深造的机会,去乡村当了一名教师,改变了他的生活方式。
While John went to college and chose the major that he was interested in from an early age,his elder brother gave up the chance of further education and worked as a teacher in a village,changing the way he lived.
写作微专题5
Writing about a lesson from nature
文本解读
1.文体类型:描述从自然界中获得的经验或教训,属于夹叙夹议文,常用于对事物发展过程的描述和评价。
2.要点内容:(1)描述蝴蝶破茧挣扎的过程和结果;(2)与人们成长的过程进行比较,阐述自然规律,并总结从中获得的启示。
[思路指引]
实用表达
1.首段常用句式。
One day,I was...when I saw that...
Seeing...I realised that...was ready to...
All of a sudden...came into my sight.
2.中段常用句式。
The tiny creature was trying hard to...
The struggle was too hard for its weak body.
Without the struggle,it was too weak to live.
3.尾段常用句式。
Similarly,we can cooperate and collaborate in order to...
In the same way,we need to struggle to grow strong and survive.
This story indicates that...
It’s not surprising for us to draw wisdom from nature.
佳作建构
某英文刊物正在进行关于 “自然界给我们的启示” 的征文活动。请你根据以下内容,以“The Power of Unity”为题,写一篇英语短文。内容包括:
1.一个阴沉沉的下午,一只蚂蚁正驮着一块面包屑艰难地走着;
2.突然食物掉了下来,然后蚂蚁跑了;不一会儿,一群蚂蚁赶来了……
3.感悟:人心齐,泰山移。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
The Power of Unity
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　 adj.极好的,出色的
2.　　　　　　　　 v.离开
3.　　　　　　　　 似乎,好像
4.　　　　　　　　 挣扎着做某事
5.　　　　　　　　 认为……理所当然
6.　　　　　　　　 一群
7.　　　　　　　　 轻松地,毫不费力地
8.　　　　　　　　 齐心协力
superb
depart
as if
struggle to do sth
take...for granted
a group of
with ease
pull together
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.一天下午天气多云,好像要下雨了。
One afternoon it was cloudy 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 rain.
2.当我来到院子里时,我看到一只蚂蚁正驮着一大块面包屑艰难地走着。
When I came to the yard,I saw an ant 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 a big piece of bread crumb.
as if it was going to
struggling to walk with
3.突然它滑倒了,食物滚开了。
Suddenly it slipped and the food 　　　　　　　　　　.
4.我想当然地认为蚂蚁太累了,搬不动那块面包。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the ant was 　　　　　　　　　　 the bread.
5.突然,这只蚂蚁离开了。蚂蚁为什么离开了
Suddenly,the ant departed.Why 　　　　　　　　　　　　　
rolled away　
took it for granted that
too tired to carry
did the ant depart
6.正当我思考时,来了一群蚂蚁。
Just as I was wondering,　　　　　　　　 ants arrived.
7.哦,蚂蚁去找“帮手”了!蚂蚁开始挤在食物周围。
Oh,the ant went to fetch the “help”!The ants began to
　　　　　　　.
8.它们一起扛起了面包!
Together they 　　　　　　　　　　　　!
a group of
crowd around
the food
shouldered the bread　
9.最终它们轻松地运走了这块面包。
Finally,they carried the bread away 　　　　　　　　　.
10.一只蚂蚁可能看起来很虚弱,但一群蚂蚁会成为一个优秀而又强大的群体。
An ant may look weak,but a group of ants will become
　　　　　　　.
11.我们应该向蚂蚁学习。
We should 　　　　　　　　 the ants.
12.为了集体的利益,我们必须齐心协力,团结一致。
　　　　　　　　　　 the collective,we must 　　　　　　　 and unite as one.
with ease
a superb and powerful
learn from
For the benefit of
pull together
whole
亮点提升
将第11句和第12句用同位语从句进行改写升级。
We should learn from the ants that for the benefit of the collective,we must pull together and unite as one.
范文展示
The Power of Unity
One afternoon it was cloudy as if it was going to rain.When I came to the yard,I saw an ant struggling to walk with a big piece of bread crumb.Suddenly it slipped and the food rolled away.I took it for granted that the ant was too tired to carry the bread.Suddenly,the ant departed.
Why did the ant depart Just as I was wondering,a group of ants arrived.Oh,the ant went to fetch the “help”!The ants began to crowd around the food.Together they shouldered the bread! Finally,they carried the bread away with ease.
An ant may look weak,but a group of ants will become a superb and powerful whole.We should learn from the ants that for the benefit of the collective,we must pull together and unite as one.
写作练习
假设你是李华,春天,你发现一只燕子衔泥垒窝,最终燕子做成了一个漂亮的窝巢。请你就此发现写一篇短文并向你校英文报投稿。内容包括:
1.你观察到的自然现象;
2.你得到的启示。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
写作指导
One possible version:
On a spring morning,I was talking with my parents in the yard when I saw one swallow flying directly towards our house.When it got closer,I saw it carrying mud with its mouth.It was then that I realised it would build a nest under our roof.I noticed that each time it could only carry a little mud,which made me doubt whether it could complete this task.However,it kept carrying mud every day and after three days,a beautiful nest was completed.Having such a neighbour really made my family happy.
From the swallow I learn that we can achieve anything as long as we are determined and persistent though it may seem impossible in the beginning.
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后 续写 微技能之“点” 情感描写 depressive adj.抑郁的　reluctant adj.不情愿的;勉强的　at ease with 不拘束,放松　fulfillment n.满足(感)
动作描写 take...for granted 认为……理所当然　mimic v.模仿　convert v.使转变;使转换　seek solutions to寻求解决方法　take inspiration from...从……中获得灵感　employ v.使用,运用　bow v.鞠躬　withdraw v.退出　depart v.离开　reject v.拒绝接受　ease v.减轻;缓解　attain v.得到,获得　devote v.致力于　catch sight of看见
人物描写 wisdom n.智慧　physician n.医生　decent adj.可接受的,相当好的　deliberately adv.不慌不忙地,从容不迫地　conflicted adj.因心理冲突而不知所措的
环境描写 a lotus flower莲花,荷花　mound n.土堆,土丘　pond n.池塘　rural adj.乡村的　cottage n.乡村小屋　lane n.(乡间的)小路　mulberry n.桑葚;桑树　botanical adj.植物(学)的
读后 续写 微技能之“线” As an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty,Tao felt conflicted over life at court.
(人物描写)
Devoting himself to observations of the natural phenomena,he recorded his detailed findings in his journals.(动作描写)
A dog is barking somewhere down the lane.(动作描写)
And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree.(环境描写)
It takes considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature,as both Tao and Thoreau did.(人物描写)
In today’s modern world,their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment.(结尾升华句)
读后续写 微技能 之“面” 微写作——享受乡间自然风光
为了减轻工作压力,上周我和朋友Harry开车去了乡村地区。走在乡间的小路上,我被池塘里的荷花、随风摇曳的桑树和飞舞的蜻蜓吸引。“这景色多美啊!”Harry低声自言自语,脸上不自觉地挂着微笑。突然,我们看见远处有一座乡村小屋。小屋越来越近,我们越来越高兴,因为我们在那里看到了一个美丽的植物园。欣赏着园里的美景,我们感到了一种满足感。
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I drove to the rural area with my friend Harry last week.While walking on the country lane,I was attracted by 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the mulberry trees swinging in the wind and the flying dragonflies.“How amazing the scenery is!”Harry whispered to himself,unconsciously wearing a smile on his face.All of a sudden,we 3.　　　　　　　　 a cottage in the distance.The cottage was closer and closer,and we were 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　,because we saw a beautiful botanical garden there.Enjoying the beautiful scene of the garden,we felt 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　.
In order to ease work pressure　
the lotus flowers in the pond
caught sight of
more and more delighted
a sense of fulfilment
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.architect n.建筑师→ n.建筑;建筑学→ adj.建筑学的;建筑上的
2.superb adj.极好的,出色的→ adv.雄伟地;壮丽地
3.convert v.使转变;使转换→ n.转变;转换;转化
4.frontier n.(学科的) 知识前沿→ n.前面;正面;前线 adj.前面的,前部的;正面的
architecture
architectural
superbly
conversion
front
5.wisdom n.智慧→ adj.明智的;充满智慧的→ adv.明智地;聪明地
6.employ v.使用,运用→ n.雇主,雇用者,老板→ n.雇员,受雇者→ n.使用;雇用;就业→ n.失业;失业人数
7.superficially adv.表面(上)地→ adj.表面的;肤浅的;表层的
8.deliberately adv.不慌不忙地,从容不迫地→ adj.不慌不忙的;从容不迫的;故意的;小心翼翼的 v.仔细考虑;深思熟虑→ n.细想;考虑;审议;从容
wise
wisely
employer
employee
employment
unemployment
superficial
deliberate
deliberation
9.domestic adj.驯养的;家养的→ adv.国内地;家庭式地;适合国内地
10.depressive adj.抑郁的→ v.压抑;使沮丧;使萧条→
n.抑郁症;沮丧;不景气,萧条期
11.reluctant adj.不情愿的;勉强的→ adv.不情愿地;勉强地→
n.不情愿;勉强
12.depart v.离开→ n.离开
domestically
depress
depression
reluctantly
reluctance
departure
13.purity n.纯洁;洁净→ adj.纯的,纯洁的;纯粹的→ v.净化
14.resign v.使自己顺从于(做)某事;安于→ n.顺从,辞职;辞职信
15.botanical adj.植物(学)的→ n.植物学→ n.植物学家
16.reject v.拒绝接受→ n.拒绝接受;拒收;排斥
17.fulfilment n.满足(感)→ v.实现;履行;执行;符合;具备→
adj.满足的
18.evaluate v.评估,评价→ n.评估,评价→ adj.可估值的;可评价的
pure
purify
resignation
botany
botanist
rejection
fulfil
fulfilled
evaluation
evaluable
Ⅱ.重点词块
1. 　　　　　　 习惯于
2. 认为……理所当然
3. 把……转变成……
4. 与……和睦相处
5. 满足……的需求
6. 应该
7. 寻求解决方法
be used to
take...for granted
convert...into...
live in harmony with
meet the needs of
be supposed to
seek solutions to
8. 从……中获取灵感
9. 发生
10. 形成,产生
11. 作为……的回报
12. 反对
13. 离开,退出,撤回
14. 使(某人)自己顺从于……
15. 不拘束,放松
take inspiration from
come about
come into being
in return for
be opposed to
withdraw from
resign oneself to
at ease with
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.It作形式主语
(以这种方式思考是很自然的),but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
句式仿写
(对他来说是莫大的荣幸) to receive the award.
It is natural to think in this way
It is a great honour for him
2.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句
The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment (其所在的).
句式仿写
They tried to create an atmosphere
(在这种氛围中学生可以自由地表达他们的想法).
in which it sits
in which students can freely express
their ideas
3.过去分词短语作状语
(形状像一朵莲花),it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
句式仿写
(受到了一朵牡丹花的启发),the young architect created an innovative design.
Shaped to resemble a lotus flower
Inspired by a peony flower
4.动名词短语作主语
(创造建筑物) such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
句式仿写
(学习一门新的语言) requires patience and perseverance.
Creating buildings
Learning a new language
5.while用作并列连词,意为“而,然而”
(陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应),Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
句式仿写
(有些动物在冬天冬眠),
others migrate to warmer places.
While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to
While some animals hibernate during winter

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