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外研版必修一Unit 2单元测试
第一节 阅读（共14小题；每小题2.5分，满分35分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Whether you are writing a business email or a long research essay, the dictionary can be a powerful tool to assist you in becoming a better writer in English.
You can use the main A-Z of the dictionary to help you:
Choose your words carefully. Many words in English have similar or related meanings, but they are used in different contexts or situations. Look carefully at the example sentences provided in the entries for words you want to use. If you need academic vocabulary, look for the AW symbol.
Combine words naturally and effectively. In English, certain pairs of words go together and sound natural to native speakers (for example, heavy rain) — and others do not (strong rain). Information on which words can be paired with one another can be found in the example sentences in the dictionary entries.
Become more flexible. Rather than repeating the same word or phrase many times in your work, try to find other ways to express your ideas. Look for SYN symbol to find synonyms(同义词) and also study the synonym notes. Look for word families and try using words in the same family that are different parts of speech (e.g. different, adjective and differ, verb).
Edit and check your work. You can use your dictionary to check any problem areas such as spelling, parts of speech, irregular forms, grammar, phrasal verbs, and prepositions.
In the following sections you will find examples of essays and practical types of writing that you can use as models for your own work. You will also find advice on planning, organizing and writing each type of text.
ContentsThe writing process WT3 Reporting on data WT25 Answering the question WT7 Writing a report WT28 Writing a comparison essay WT10 Writing a review WT31 Writing an argumentative essay WT13 Discussing pictures and cartoons WT34 Oral presentations WT20 Writing a formal letter WT37 Writing a summary WT23 Writing emails WT40
1．What can you do to reduce repetition in your writing
A．Correct potential problems in advance.
B．Use synonyms or explore word families.
C．Ensure accurate and natural word pairings.
D．Analyze examples of word usage in context.
2．Which page should you refer to if you need to write an essay comparing two things
A．WT7. B．WT10.
C．WT23. D．WT25.
3．Where is this text probably taken from
A．A creative writing magazine.
B．A scientific report.
C．A dictionary’s writing guide.
D．A promotion handbook.
B
Despite the enormous variety of languages spoken around the world, certain grammatical patterns keep showing up. A new study finds that about one-third of long-standing “linguistic universals” (语言共性) are backed by strong statistical evidence when tested using modern evolutionary methods. An international research team led by Annemarie Verkerk and Russell D．Gray analyzed 191 proposed universals using Grambank, the largest database of grammatical features ever constructed. Their dataset covered more than 1,700 languages.
In earlier research, linguists tried to avoid similarities between related or nearby languages by selecting samples from distant regions. While helpful, that approach does not completely eliminate hidden connections between languages. It can also weaken statistical results and fails to reveal how languages change over time. To address this, the researchers used Bayesian spatio-phylogenetic analyses, which account for both shared ancestry and geographic influence. This approach offers a much higher level of statistical reliability than most previous studies.
“In the face of huge linguistic diversity, it is fascinating to find that languages don’t evolve at random,” says Verkerk. “I am delighted that the different types of analyses we did reached very similar results, suggesting that language change must be a central component in explaining universals.” The findings show strong support for several repeating patterns. These include word order preferences and hierarchical structures (多级结构). Importantly, these patterns have appeared repeatedly across unrelated languages in different parts of the world. This repetition suggests that there are deep limits guiding how humans organize language.
Senior author Russell Gray reflected, “We discussed whether to write this up as a glass-half-empty paper — ‘look how many proposed universals don’t hold’ — or a glass-half-full paper — ‘there’s strong statistical support for about a third’. In the end, we chose to highlight the patterns that evolve repeatedly, showing that shared cognitive (认知的) and communicative pressures push languages towards a limited set of preferred grammatical solutions.”
By identifying which universals truly stand up to strict testing, the study helps narrow the focus for future research. It points scientists toward the basic cognitive and communicative forces that shape human language.
4．What can we know about the new study
A．It constructed a language database. B．It revealed no grammatical patterns.
C．It obtained strong statistical support. D．It analyzed 1,700 proposed universals.
5．How does the author develop the second paragraph
A．By listing figures. B．By giving an example.
C．By describing problems. D．By making a comparison.
6．What satisfied Verkerk about the research results
A．Patterns in all languages. B．Random evolution rule,
C．Full explanation of diversity. D．Consistent analysis results.
7．What can be implied from the last two paragraphs
A．Scientists will shape human language.
B．Future research may have a clearer focus.
C．Shared pressures enlarge language sets.
D．Different perspectives affect research results.
C
Three Apps to Learn French for Kids and Teens
Are you trying to get your child or your teenager to learn French Using French Apps might be one of the best ways to introduce your kids to the French language. Every kid loves messing around with all sorts of buttons and electronic devices.
Study Cat
Made for kids between the ages of 6 and 8, Study Cat is an app that helps children learn French. With bright colors and big buttons, kids can practice their pronunciation, reading and grammar. In the games, French is spoken at a proper speed. There is a free 7-day trial where you can decide if your child benefits from the app.
Boukili
Boukili is an app for children over the age of 4. This app is entirely free and consists of various illustrated children’s books. There are also over 120 games. One of the best aspects of this app is that it allows parents to track their children’s reading progress. If you struggle to get your child to want to read books in paper format, this app may just be your solution.
Mondly Kids
Mondly Kids is a fairly well-known language learning app and thankfully there is a version for kids. Mondly Kids is fun, including cartoons. The lessons are 10 minutes long so your child hopefully won’t lose their concentration. The app also includes daily review sessions which help your children to memorize vocabulary a bit more easily.
8．What’s the purpose of the 7-day trial of Study Cat
A．To test the app’s functions. B．To attract children’s interest.
C．To ensure a reasonable decision. D．To guarantee the learning effects.
9．What might be an edge of Boukili
A．It restricts game time. B．It sets parental controls.
C．It offers kids rewards. D．It reads physical books.
10．What do the three apps have in common
A．They promote fun learning. B．They have a review mode.
C．They record learning progress. D．They provide an adult version.
D
The idea that we have brains hardwired with a mental module for learning grammar — famously supported by Noam Chomsky of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology — has dominated linguistics (语言学) for almost half a century. Recently, though, evidence has overtaken Chomsky’s “universal grammar” theory.
In Chomsky’s first version of his theory put forward in the mid-20th century, the languages people use to communicate in everyday life behaved like mathematically-based languages of the newly emerging field of computer science. A computer-like program could produce sentences real people thought were grammatical. As Chomsky was developing his computational theories, he was also proposing that they were rooted in human biology. His universal grammar was put forward as an inborn component of the human mind — and it promised to reveal the deep biological foundations of the world’s 6,000-plus human languages. So this theory held immediate appeal.
Yet much research now suggests that language acquisition does not take place as Chomsky’s theory explains. Learning of a child’s first language does not rely on an inborn grammar module. Instead the new research shows that young children use various types of thinking that may not be specific to language at all — such as the ability to classify the world into categories (people or objects, for instance) and to understand the relations among things. These capabilities, coupled with a unique human ability to grasp what others intend to communicate, allow language to happen.
For instance, English-speaking children understand “The cat ate the rabbit,” and through analogy they also understand “The lion tickled the goat.” They generalize from hearing one example to another. After enough examples of this kind, they might even be able to guess who did what to whom in the sentence “The gazzer mibbed the toma,” even though some of the words are literally meaningless.
Chomsky has allowed us to see new things, but also blinded us to other aspects of language. In linguistics fields, many researchers are becoming ever more dissatisfied with a totally formal language approach such as universal grammar. Moreover, many modern researchers are also unhappy with armchair theoretical analyses, when there are large collections of linguistic data — many now available online — that can be analyzed to test a theory.
There are exciting new discoveries to be made by investigating the details of the world’s different languages, how they are similar to and different from one another, how they change historically, and how young children acquire competence in one or more of them. Universal grammar appears to have been inching toward a death for years. It is dying so slowly because, as physicist Max Planck once noted, older scholars tend to hang on to the old ways: “Science progresses one funeral at a time.”
11．What can we learn about Chomsky’s theory from the passage
A．Categorizing ability is rooted in the human mind.
B．Humans are programmed with a grammar module.
C．Communication intention makes language emerge.
D．Computer science contributes to language learning.
12．Why does the author mention the example in Paragraph 4
A．To highlight the right aspect of Chomsky’s theory.
B．To present kids’ difficulty in learning English language.
C．To prove kids learn language without an inborn module.
D．To uncover the inner mechanism in language acquisition.
13．How does the author think of Chomsky’s “universal grammar” theory
A．Faulty. B．Stable.
C．Worthless. D．Appealing.
14．Which would be the best title for this passage
A．Should Linguistic Data Be Used to Test a Theory
B．Can Children Acquire Language in an Easier Way
C．Will Chomsky’s Universal Grammar Be Replaced
D．Does Chomsky’s Theory Help Language Acquisition
（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文中的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Hidden Benefits of Spending Time Alone
Society often equates being alone with loneliness, but the two are not the same. （15）_____However,solitude is a choice to be alone and enjoy it. In fact, spending time alone has profound benefits for mental health, creativity, and self-awareness — benefits that are often overlooked in our hyper-connected world.
（16）_____When you’re alone, your brain enters a “default mode network,” which allows for daydreaming and unstructured thinking. （17）_____For example, J.K. Rowling conceived Harry Potter while waiting alone on a train. Another benefit is improved emotional regulation. Solitude gives you space to process feelings without distraction, helping you understand and manage emotions better. A third benefit is stronger relationships. （18）____ Taking time alone lets you appreciate others more and come to interactions with greater presence.
The key is to embrace solitude intentionally. Start small: 10 minutes of quiet each morning, a walk alone at lunch, or an evening without screens. （19）____It’s a gift that enriches every area of your life.
One hidden benefit is enhanced creativity.
B. Loneliness is a painful longing for connection.
C. This is when many people have their best ideas.
You’ll likely find that being alone isn’t a punishment .
Spending too much time alone can lead to social isolation.
Technology often makes people feel more lonely than connected.
Ironically, people who value solitude often have deeper, more meaningful connections.
第三节 （满分15分）
假定你是高一学生李华，你的外国笔友Peter最近发来邮件，说他觉得英语词汇多、口语难提升，对继续学好英语失去信心，打算放弃深入学习。请你给他回一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 安慰鼓励对方，不要轻易放弃英语学习；
2. 分享两条实用英语学习方法：多积累趣味词汇、坚持日常口语练习；
3. 邀请彼此每周线上用英语交流，互相进步。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 行文连贯，句式规范，贴合单元核心词汇；
3. 不得出现真实姓名和校名。参考答案
1．B 2．B 3．C
4．C 5．C 6．D 7．B
8．C 9．B 10．A
11．B 12．C 13．A 14．C
15.B 16.A 17.C 18.G 19.D
Dear Peter,
I’m sorry to know that you feel upset and want to give up learning English recently. Don’t lose heart. It is common to meet difficulties in language learning.
Here are some useful tips for you. First, learn English words in interesting sentences and daily stories, which helps you remember them easily. Second, practice speaking English every morning and don’t be shy to communicate with others. As we all know, practice makes perfect.
I hope we can chat online in English every week. We can encourage each other and make progress together. I believe you will fall in love with English again.
Yours,
Li Hua

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