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Unit 4　课时作业(四)
单元知识综合练
(分值:52.5分)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.bound
A.adj.一定会;很可能会　B.vi.跳跃着跑　C.n.范围;界限
①There are so many dark clouds in the sky.It’s bound to rain soon.　　　
②I will try my best within the bounds of my abilities.　　　
③The dog bounded down the hill.　　　
【答案】 ①A　②C 　③B　
2.capacity
A.n.容量,容积　B.n.能力　C.n.职位
①He has a great capacity for learning languages.　　　
②She worked here in the capacity of manager.　　　
③The concert hall has a seating capacity of 2,000 people.　　　
【答案】 ①B　②C　③A　
3.go through
A.仔细检查　 B.经历;遭受　C.穿过　D.获得批准通过
①The law didn’t go through at the meeting.　　　
②Not until he went through real hardships did he realise the warmth of home.　　　
③He went through my composition and corrected every mistake.　　　
④Go through the gate, and you’ll see the house on your left.　　　
【答案】 ①D　②B　③A　④C
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
In today’s fast-paced world, comfort and relaxation are keys to people’s daily lives. People want to have their tasks finished as quickly and as efficiently as possible. We all search for convenience. 1.　　　. Here are the top Smart Home trends to follow. With these all by your side, you can transform your living.
Improved home safety and privacy
2.　　　. Security firms are now offering some very next-level security systems that safeguard homes and protect privacy. Artificial Intelligence biometric authentication (生物特征认证), robust protection against cyberattacks, advanced cameras, and alarm systems are some examples of Smart Home solutions.
Voice assistant smart technology
Voice assistant smart technology helps users do a lot, like turning on music, computers, TV and other devices inside their homes! 3.　　　.Such technology can assist you in better everyday living!
4.　　
You can also use Smart Home technology to help you with everyday household chores! You can stay in bed in your pyjamas (睡衣裤) while your AI vacuum cleaner does all the work for you!
Smart healthcare technology
Smart devices allow fast communication with medical professionals over the Internet. These can significantly help in case of emergencies. 5G technology is also coming up, allowing devices to function without any wires.5.　　　.
A.Smart home cleaning
B.Smart touchless technology
C.We all want our homes to look nice and bright
D.That’s why more and more people are interested in Smart Home
E.All of these can help in certain situations when a quick reaction is necessary
F.Safety and privacy are always the most important things for every homeowner
G.It also helps in making a cozy atmosphere by adjusting temperature and lighting
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了智能家居的趋势以及智能家居给人们生活带来的便利。
1.【答案】 D
【解析】 上文提到了人们都在寻求生活的便利,D项与上文构成因果关系,符合语境。故选D。
2.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据本段小标题Improved home safety and privacy可知,F项与之相呼应,强调了安全和隐私的重要性,且位于段首,起到了引领本段的作用。故选F。
3.【答案】 G
【解析】 上文提到语音助手技术可以帮助用户做很多事情,G项进一步补充说明了语音助手技术的另一个功能,符合语境。故选G。
4.【答案】 A
【解析】 设空处为段落小标题。下文提到智能家居技术可以帮助完成清洁工作,A项准确概括了本段内容,符合语境。故选A。
5.【答案】 E
【解析】 上文提到智能设备和5G技术在紧急情况下可以提供帮助,E项总结上文,符合语境。故选E。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March—　1　 six months out of the year.
“Of course,we　2　 it when the sun is shining,” says Ro,who works for the town’s tourism office.“We see the sky is　3　,but down in the valley it’s darker—it’s like on a　4　 day.”
But that changed when a system of high-tech　5　was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighbouring peaks (山峰) into the valley below.One day,residents (居民) of Rjukan　6　 their very first ray of winter sunshine: a row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to use.The mirrors are controlled by a computer that　7　 them to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather.They reflect a concentrated beam (束) of light onto the town’s central　8　,creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square metres.When the light　9　,Rjukan residents gathered together.
“People have been sitting there and standing there and taking　10　 of each other,” Ro says.“The town square was totally　11　.I think almost all the people in the town were there.” The 3,500 residents cannot all　12　 the sunshine at the same time.However,the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s　13　 residents.
“It’s not very　14　,” she says, “but it is enough when we are　15　.”
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了挪威的一个小镇一年中有接近6个月的时间无法得到阳光直射,但这种情况通过运用高科技设备得到了改善。
(　　)1.[A]only [B]obviously
[C]nearly [D]precisely
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据空前所述“从9月底到3月中旬”可知,此处指接近(nearly)6个月的时间。故选C。
(　　)2.[A]fear [B]believe
[C]hear [D]notice
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文可知,挪威小镇尤坎一年中有接近6个月的时间没有阳光直射,再结合下文引号里的话可知,当地人在阳光充足的时候能够注意(notice)到它,但山谷里较暗。故选D。
(　　)3.[A]empty [B]blue
[C]high [D]wide
【答案】 B
【解析】 结合常识可知,在阳光照耀的时候天空是蓝色的(blue)。故选B。
(　　)4.[A]cloudy [B]normal
[C]different [D]warm
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文“down in the valley it’s darker”可知,谷底比天空暗得多,像阴天(cloudy)一样。故选A。
(　　)5.[A]computers [B]telescopes
[C]mirrors [D]cameras
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文中的“The mirrors are controlled...”可知,此处对应下文,指的是高科技镜子(mirrors)系统。故选C。
(　　)6.[A]remembered [B]forecasted
[C]received [D]imagined
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上下文可知,在引进高科技的镜子系统后,尤坎居民收到(received)了冬日里的第一束阳光。故选C。
(　　)7.[A]forbids [B]directs
[C]predicts [D]follows
【答案】 B
【解析】 这些镜子是由电脑控制的,电脑可以引导(directs)它们在白天随着太阳转动,在有风的天气里关闭。故选B。
(　　)8.[A]library [B]hall
[C]square [D]street
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文中的“The town square was totally　11　.”可知,此处对应下文,指小镇的中央广场(square)。故选C。
(　　)9.[A]appeared [B]returned
[C]faded [D]stopped
【答案】 A
【解析】 此处是说当光出现(appeared)的时候,尤坎居民就聚集到了一起。故选A。
(　　)10.[A]pictures [B]notes
[C]care [D]hold
【答案】 A
【解析】 take pictures of 意为“给……拍照”,此处是说人们或坐或站,互相拍照。故选A。
(　　)11.[A]new [B]full
[C]flat [D]silent
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据空后的“I think almost all the people in the town were there.”可知,小镇广场应是完全满(full)人了。故选B。
(　　)12.[A]block [B]avoid
[C]enjoy [D]store
【答案】 C
【解析】 此处是说3 500个居民不能同时享受(enjoy)阳光。故选C。
(　　)13.[A]nature-loving
[B]energy-saving
[C]weather-beaten
[D]sun-starved
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文可知,尤坎小镇原本每年有接近6个月的时间没有阳光直射,由此可推知小镇的居民应是十分渴望阳光的(sun-starved)。故选D。
(　　)14.[A]big [B]clear
[C]cold [D]easy
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文Ro的叙述以及“more than enough”可知,镜子反射的光线有限,范围不是太大(big)。故选A。
(　　)15.[A]trying [B]waiting
[C]watching [D]sharing
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据句意可知,此处是说大家一起(sharing)晒太阳是足够的。故选D。
Ⅳ.应用文写作(15分)
　　假设你是李华,最近,我国一些城市街头出现无人驾驶出租车。请你就此现象写一篇文章,向你校英文报Hot Topic栏目投稿,内容包括:
1.你是否支持无人驾驶出租车;
2.阐述你的理由。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
[写作指导]
　　One possible version:
Recently, driverless taxis have appeared in some cities in China, which causes heated discussions among people. Personally, I’m in favour of driverless taxis for several reasons.
First, driverless taxis are safer. They will remove the concerns that drivers get tired easily. Second, driverless taxis are cheaper. Generally, they charge only half the price of normal taxis. Besides, humans will be liberated from boring work to enjoy life.
In a word, we should embrace new technology instead of refusing it. Our life will become better because of advances in science and technology.Unit 4　课时作业(二)
(分值:50分)
I.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.Part of the profit from sales　　　　(be) available for the organisation which has helped collect rubbish off the mountain.
2.Either the CEO or his assistants 　　　　(be) to attend the meeting to be held next weekend in Guangzhou.
3.The government　　　　(believe) that people who don’t have the Internet can get left behind their friends who do.
4.Listening to loud music at rock concerts 　　　　(have) caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
5.Nobody but Tom and Jane 　　　　(be) there last weekend.
6.Neither food nor clothes 　　　　(have) been sent to the old man since two years ago.
7.Three hours with your old friends 　　　　(seem) to be a short time.
8.Eighty per cent of my time 　　　　 (spend) on my study every day now.
9.Sixty per cent of the students in my class 　　　　 (be) fond of outdoor sports.
10.When and where to hold the meeting 　　　　 (be) unknown.
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.在过去的十年里,这个地区修建了许多房屋。(many a)
2.他读过的每一本书都是关于中国历史的。(every)
3.汤姆和他的父母打算下周去欧洲旅游。(together with)　
4.听音乐让我在忙碌的一天之后得到放松。(动词-ing短语作主语)
5.她班上的每个女孩都喜欢流行音乐。(each)
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　Going into my doctoral programme, I knew I loved to communicate science to the public as much as I liked doing science. But research soon consumed most of my time. Gradually, I felt I was losing touch with the bigger picture of why science matters.
　　To escape, I spent a weekend with some friends. They were excited to share stories about the latest books they’d read. But I couldn’t remember the last book I had read for fun. And I found myself mostly talking about my research. As I struggled to convey its broader relevance, I noticed the enthusiasm in my voice disappeared. “Is my doctoral programme killing my love of science ” I thought. I knew I had been living in a scientific bubble (泡泡), but that bubble seemed to grow smaller and smaller as the weekend progressed.
　　When I returned home, I resolved to read more for pleasure. I was recommended a science fiction book, so I started with that. It was like nothing that I had ever read before. I was really into it. I was blown away by the scientifically reasonable technologies and scenes. It was refreshing to think about science in a new way.
　　I kept reading science fiction in the years after I finished my doctoral programme. But I still hadn’t gotten back to communicating science to the public. Then, one night I found myself in a conversation with my new colleagues about science fiction concepts. One invited me to speak at the pop culture lecture.
　　When the day came,I felt nervous until I saw the eager attendees. After I finished, I was surrounded with enthusiastic audience. It suddenly occurred to me that this was my path back to science communication. Since then, I’ve given more than 20 talks, exploring concepts like genetic engineering and Human Machine Interface.
　　For young researchers, it’s easy to slide into a scientific bubble. I’m glad that science fiction gave me a way to break out. It not only provided something fun to do in my spare time. It also helped me professionally, fueling my ability to communicate the wonders of science to the public.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章叙述了作者因从事科研一直忙于实验室工作而无法向大众普及科学知识,后来他成功地通过科幻小说来向大众普及科学知识,重拾了对科学的热情。
(　　)1.What did the author realise at that weekend
[A]He couldn’t fit in a new environment.
[B]His memory was declining with time.
[C]He lost passion for science communication.
[D]His knowledge was only a scientific bubble.
(　　)2.Why did the author like science fiction
[A]Because he wanted to find inspirations from it.
[B]Because he wanted to put his knowledge to use.　
[C]Because it could explain many physical phenomena.
[D]Because it offered him a new angle to look at science.
(　　)3.Which word can be used to describe the lecture
[A]Successful. [B]Unique.
[C]Classic. [D]Common.
(　　)4.What is the aim of this passage
[A]To introduce science fiction.
[B]To prove how important science is.
[C]To emphasise the author’s love for science.
[D]To show how science fiction helped the author.
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
When Sanger and Wu got together,they 1.　　　　 (realise) right away that they had something in common.Both firm advocates of the fight 2.　　　　 air pollution,they believe that if you can’t measure it,you can’t beat it.That’s 3.　　　　 they founded Green City Solutions: the solution to quantifiably improve city air.
Their 4.　　　　 (invent),the CityTree,acts as an air purifier (净化器) and a spectacular plant display.Air pollution can 5.　　　　 (eat) by the vertical flat-paneled (平面的) “trees” dotted around cities across Europe.The “trees” also act as seats for pedestrians.Sanger and Wu’s vision is for a world,in which people in cities can live 6.　　　　 (healthy).They long to create living conditions that allow all people around the world to permanently have cleaner air 7.　　　　 (breathe).
The CityTree combines 8.　　　　 air purifying feature of moss with remote technology to increase the air flow through the “trees”.This allows them to “suck up” and clean more air than normal,and the amount they filter can be increased 9.　　　　 (depend) on pollution levels at different times of a day.
The German company was funded by the European Commission to set up a CityTree network of 15 brand new units and test it in a 10.　　　　 (science) way in Berlin’s pollution hot spots. Unit 4　课时作业(二)
(分值:50分)
I.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.Part of the profit from sales　　　　(be) available for the organisation which has helped collect rubbish off the mountain.
2.Either the CEO or his assistants 　　　　(be) to attend the meeting to be held next weekend in Guangzhou.
3.The government　　　　(believe) that people who don’t have the Internet can get left behind their friends who do.
4.Listening to loud music at rock concerts 　　　　(have) caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
5.Nobody but Tom and Jane 　　　　(be) there last weekend.
6.Neither food nor clothes 　　　　(have) been sent to the old man since two years ago.
7.Three hours with your old friends 　　　　(seem) to be a short time.
8.Eighty per cent of my time 　　　　 (spend) on my study every day now.
9.Sixty per cent of the students in my class 　　　　 (be) fond of outdoor sports.
10.When and where to hold the meeting 　　　　 (be) unknown.
【答案】 1.is　2.are　3.believes　4.has　5.was　6.have　7.seems　8.is spent　9.are　10.is
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.在过去的十年里,这个地区修建了许多房屋。(many a)
2.他读过的每一本书都是关于中国历史的。(every)
3.汤姆和他的父母打算下周去欧洲旅游。(together with)　
4.听音乐让我在忙碌的一天之后得到放松。(动词-ing短语作主语)
5.她班上的每个女孩都喜欢流行音乐。(each)
【答案】 1.Many a house has been built in this area in the past 10 years.
2.Every book he has read is about the history of China.
3.Tom, together with his parents,plans to travel to Europe next week.
4.Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.
5.Each of the girls in her class is fond of pop music.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　Going into my doctoral programme, I knew I loved to communicate science to the public as much as I liked doing science. But research soon consumed most of my time. Gradually, I felt I was losing touch with the bigger picture of why science matters.
　　To escape, I spent a weekend with some friends. They were excited to share stories about the latest books they’d read. But I couldn’t remember the last book I had read for fun. And I found myself mostly talking about my research. As I struggled to convey its broader relevance, I noticed the enthusiasm in my voice disappeared. “Is my doctoral programme killing my love of science ” I thought. I knew I had been living in a scientific bubble (泡泡), but that bubble seemed to grow smaller and smaller as the weekend progressed.
　　When I returned home, I resolved to read more for pleasure. I was recommended a science fiction book, so I started with that. It was like nothing that I had ever read before. I was really into it. I was blown away by the scientifically reasonable technologies and scenes. It was refreshing to think about science in a new way.
　　I kept reading science fiction in the years after I finished my doctoral programme. But I still hadn’t gotten back to communicating science to the public. Then, one night I found myself in a conversation with my new colleagues about science fiction concepts. One invited me to speak at the pop culture lecture.
　　When the day came,I felt nervous until I saw the eager attendees. After I finished, I was surrounded with enthusiastic audience. It suddenly occurred to me that this was my path back to science communication. Since then, I’ve given more than 20 talks, exploring concepts like genetic engineering and Human Machine Interface.
　　For young researchers, it’s easy to slide into a scientific bubble. I’m glad that science fiction gave me a way to break out. It not only provided something fun to do in my spare time. It also helped me professionally, fueling my ability to communicate the wonders of science to the public.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章叙述了作者因从事科研一直忙于实验室工作而无法向大众普及科学知识,后来他成功地通过科幻小说来向大众普及科学知识,重拾了对科学的热情。
(　　)1.What did the author realise at that weekend
[A]He couldn’t fit in a new environment.
[B]His memory was declining with time.
[C]He lost passion for science communication.
[D]His knowledge was only a scientific bubble.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As I struggled to convey... I thought.”可知,当作者向朋友们讲述科学话题时,他进行科普的热情没有了。故选C。
(　　)2.Why did the author like science fiction
[A]Because he wanted to find inspirations from it.
[B]Because he wanted to put his knowledge to use.　
[C]Because it could explain many physical phenomena.
[D]Because it offered him a new angle to look at science.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,作者认为科幻小说能够让他以一种新的方式思考科学,这是令人耳目一新的。也就是科幻小说给了他一个看待科学的新角度。故选D。
(　　)3.Which word can be used to describe the lecture
[A]Successful. [B]Unique.
[C]Classic. [D]Common.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“After I finished, I was... to science communication.”可知,在作者完成演讲后,热情的观众围住他,并且他从此萌生了利用演讲的方式普及科学知识的想法。由此可推知,这次讲座成功了,所以他才受到激励。故选A。
(　　)4.What is the aim of this passage
[A]To introduce science fiction.
[B]To prove how important science is.
[C]To emphasise the author’s love for science.
[D]To show how science fiction helped the author.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知,在接触科幻小说后,他向大众普及科学知识的愿望实现了。由此可推知,作者的写作目的是讲述科幻小说对他的影响和帮助。故选D。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
When Sanger and Wu got together,they 1.　　　　 (realise) right away that they had something in common.Both firm advocates of the fight 2.　　　　 air pollution,they believe that if you can’t measure it,you can’t beat it.That’s 3.　　　　 they founded Green City Solutions: the solution to quantifiably improve city air.
Their 4.　　　　 (invent),the CityTree,acts as an air purifier (净化器) and a spectacular plant display.Air pollution can 5.　　　　 (eat) by the vertical flat-paneled (平面的) “trees” dotted around cities across Europe.The “trees” also act as seats for pedestrians.Sanger and Wu’s vision is for a world,in which people in cities can live 6.　　　　 (healthy).They long to create living conditions that allow all people around the world to permanently have cleaner air 7.　　　　 (breathe).
The CityTree combines 8.　　　　 air purifying feature of moss with remote technology to increase the air flow through the “trees”.This allows them to “suck up” and clean more air than normal,and the amount they filter can be increased 9.　　　　 (depend) on pollution levels at different times of a day.
The German company was funded by the European Commission to set up a CityTree network of 15 brand new units and test it in a 10.　　　　 (science) way in Berlin’s pollution hot spots.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了Sanger和 Wu 创办的一家公司研发出的可以过滤空气中污染物的“城市树”。
1.【答案】 realised
【解析】 考查动词时态。设空处作谓语,且根据句中的got和 had 可知,此处也应用一般过去时。故填realised。
2.【答案】 against
【解析】 考查介词。fight 作名词,表示“与……进行的斗争”时与介词 against 连用。根据语境可知,此处表示“与……进行的斗争”。故填against。
3.【答案】 why
【解析】 考查固定句型。根据语境可知,此处表示“那就是为什么他们创建了……”,应用“that’s why...”句型,其中why引导表语从句。故填why。
4.【答案】 invention
【解析】 考查名词。根据空前的Their可知,此处应用名词;根据空后的 the CityTree可知,应用单数形式。故填invention。
5.【答案】 be eaten
【解析】 考查被动语态。主语是Air pollution,与eat构成动宾关系,应用被动语态,且空前是情态动词can。故填 be eaten。
6.【答案】 healthily
【解析】 考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词live,应用副词形式。故填 healthily。
7.【答案】 to breathe
【解析】 考查动词不定式。此处是动词不定式作后置定语,修饰cleaner air。故填 to breathe。
8.【答案】 the
【解析】 考查冠词。根据语境可知,此处是特指air purifying feature of moss。故填the。
9.【答案】 depending
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,设空处是非谓语动词短语作状语;主语the amount与depend on是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词形式。故填depending。
10.【答案】 scientific
【解析】 考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词way。故填scientific。Unit 4　课时作业(三)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.The roof 　　　　(倾斜) gently towards the back of the house, allowing rainwater to drain away efficiently.
2.The　　　　(机械的) parts of the car need to be regularly maintained.
3.He　　　　(皱眉) as he read the instructions, as if puzzled.
4.The eye is one of the most 　　　　(灵活的) parts of the human body.
5.The doctors were fighting a　　　　(拼命的) battle to save the boy’s life.
6.The artist’s work shows a 　　　　(一致的) style throughout his career.
7.The car broke down because of a 　　　　(有故障的) engine part.
8.The children were 　　　　(跳跃) around the playground,talking and laughing.
9.I 　　　　(骑自行车) to work every morning, which is not only environmentally friendly but also helps me exercise.
10.For the history project, the old photograph was a valuable 　　　　(线索) about that era.
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.We should face our 　　　　(faulty) bravely instead of hiding them.
2.The teacher emphasised the importance of 　　　　(consistent) in our writing style throughout the essay.
3.Before handing in your exam paper, go 　　　　 it carefully to avoid simple mistakes.
4.The heavy rain kept the planes　　　　 taking off on time.
5.She tried to 　　　　(imitation) her favourite actress by adopting a similar accent and body language.
6.When the students heard they’d won the science competition, they were 　　　　 shock, grinning from ear to ear.
7.The little boy pointed 　　　　 the colourful balloon in the sky, shouting with excitement.
8.This young 　　　　(cycle) participated in a local bike race.
9.The lost hikers shouted 　　　　(desperate) for help, hoping someone would hear them in the vast forest.
10.The dress was a bit 　　　　(tightly) around the waist, so she decided to go for a larger size.
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.学生们在小组中积极讨论,想出了许多好主意。(现在分词短语作状语)
2.那就是为什么人们喜欢旅行,旅行能让他们体验不同的文化。(that’s why...)
3.如果你把这个复杂的问题分解成小部分,你会发现它更容易解决。(break down)
4.我的老师非常有耐心,他总是帮我解决难题。(who引导非限制性定语从句)
5.她跳舞的样子就好像她是一个专业舞者。(as though引导方式状语从句)
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
There is a profound relationship between science fiction and science.It is often said that stories change the world,but what is less often heard is that stories change science,and therefore the future.
The use of science fiction to explore our world is similar to scenario (设想) planning in Futures Studies,which shapes our ideas about the future,and goes beyond predicting artifacts that once seemed impossible to us like Verne’s submarine or the satellites of 2001:A Space Odyssey.
In the words of Dutch researcher Kaloterakis,“Science fiction narratives structure our imaginative models about techno-scientific projects such as robotics or space exploration.”Have you ever wondered how science fiction novels have impacted the idea we have about Artificial Intelligence or how Snow Crash,Neal Stephenson’s novel,has impacted what we now call the Metaverse (元宇宙)
Science fiction helps us define possible futures.It provides us with an understanding of the rules underlying fictional worlds.It also allows us to put technological prototypes (原型) in the context of their use by humans.But most importantly,it determines the way we structure scientific thought and intervene (干预) in the future.
The richness of “storyworlds”—the “universes” within which stories take place—provides us with detailed rules of the context in which a larger reality unfolds that extends beyond a single story,and has the potential to provide us with deeper learning about the underlying systems that regulate those worlds.
Lastly,the relationship of future narratives to theories such as Social Constructivism has been highlighted by several scholars.A central idea of this sociological theory is that whenever we use words or other symbols to refer to objects in our world we are constructing them.And,therefore,prediction is also a social construction.In narrating we intervene in the world.In narrating the world,we construct it.In writing science fiction we intervene in the science of the future.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章探讨了科幻小说和未来研究之间的关系。
(　　)1.What is the most important role of science fiction
[A]It provides us with technologies and tools.
[B]It allows us to establish reasonable future.
[C]It decides our thinking and affects the future.
[D]It helps us learn the rules of fictional world.
(　　)2.What do we know about “storyworlds”
[A]There are general rules for a single story.
[B]They are the “universes” where stories happen.
[C]There are no regulations or guiding systems.
[D]They have a potential context within a story.
(　　)3.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
[A]Science fiction narratives can construct future world.
[B]The science of future intervenes in today’s science.
[C]Objects can’t be constructed by words or symbols.
[D]Scholars care little about narratives about future.
(　　)4.What is the text mainly about
[A]The storyworlds created by science fiction.
[B]Artifacts and technologies in science fiction.
[C]Science fiction narratives affecting future studies.
[D]The relation between science and science fiction.Unit 4　课时作业(四)
单元知识综合练
(分值:52.5分)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.bound
A.adj.一定会;很可能会　B.vi.跳跃着跑　C.n.范围;界限
①There are so many dark clouds in the sky.It’s bound to rain soon.　　　
②I will try my best within the bounds of my abilities.　　　
③The dog bounded down the hill.　　　
2.capacity
A.n.容量,容积　B.n.能力　C.n.职位
①He has a great capacity for learning languages.　　　
②She worked here in the capacity of manager.　　　
③The concert hall has a seating capacity of 2,000 people.　　　
3.go through
A.仔细检查　 B.经历;遭受　C.穿过　D.获得批准通过
①The law didn’t go through at the meeting.　　　
②Not until he went through real hardships did he realise the warmth of home.　　　
③He went through my composition and corrected every mistake.　　　
④Go through the gate, and you’ll see the house on your left.　　　
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
In today’s fast-paced world, comfort and relaxation are keys to people’s daily lives. People want to have their tasks finished as quickly and as efficiently as possible. We all search for convenience. 1.　　　. Here are the top Smart Home trends to follow. With these all by your side, you can transform your living.
Improved home safety and privacy
2.　　　. Security firms are now offering some very next-level security systems that safeguard homes and protect privacy. Artificial Intelligence biometric authentication (生物特征认证), robust protection against cyberattacks, advanced cameras, and alarm systems are some examples of Smart Home solutions.
Voice assistant smart technology
Voice assistant smart technology helps users do a lot, like turning on music, computers, TV and other devices inside their homes! 3.　　　.Such technology can assist you in better everyday living!
4.　　
You can also use Smart Home technology to help you with everyday household chores! You can stay in bed in your pyjamas (睡衣裤) while your AI vacuum cleaner does all the work for you!
Smart healthcare technology
Smart devices allow fast communication with medical professionals over the Internet. These can significantly help in case of emergencies. 5G technology is also coming up, allowing devices to function without any wires.5.　　　.
A.Smart home cleaning
B.Smart touchless technology
C.We all want our homes to look nice and bright
D.That’s why more and more people are interested in Smart Home
E.All of these can help in certain situations when a quick reaction is necessary
F.Safety and privacy are always the most important things for every homeowner
G.It also helps in making a cozy atmosphere by adjusting temperature and lighting
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March—　1　 six months out of the year.
“Of course,we　2　 it when the sun is shining,” says Ro,who works for the town’s tourism office.“We see the sky is　3　,but down in the valley it’s darker—it’s like on a　4　 day.”
But that changed when a system of high-tech　5　was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighbouring peaks (山峰) into the valley below.One day,residents (居民) of Rjukan　6　 their very first ray of winter sunshine: a row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to use.The mirrors are controlled by a computer that　7　 them to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather.They reflect a concentrated beam (束) of light onto the town’s central　8　,creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square metres.When the light　9　,Rjukan residents gathered together.
“People have been sitting there and standing there and taking　10　 of each other,” Ro says.“The town square was totally　11　.I think almost all the people in the town were there.” The 3,500 residents cannot all　12　 the sunshine at the same time.However,the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s　13　 residents.
“It’s not very　14　,” she says, “but it is enough when we are　15　.”
(　　)1.[A]only [B]obviously
[C]nearly [D]precisely
(　　)2.[A]fear [B]believe
[C]hear [D]notice
(　　)3.[A]empty [B]blue
[C]high [D]wide
(　　)4.[A]cloudy [B]normal
[C]different [D]warm
(　　)5.[A]computers [B]telescopes
[C]mirrors [D]cameras
(　　)6.[A]remembered [B]forecasted
[C]received [D]imagined
(　　)7.[A]forbids [B]directs
[C]predicts [D]follows
(　　)8.[A]library [B]hall
[C]square [D]street
(　　)9.[A]appeared [B]returned
[C]faded [D]stopped
(　　)10.[A]pictures [B]notes
[C]care [D]hold
(　　)11.[A]new [B]full
[C]flat [D]silent
(　　)12.[A]block [B]avoid
[C]enjoy [D]store
(　　)13.[A]nature-loving
[B]energy-saving
[C]weather-beaten
[D]sun-starved
(　　)14.[A]big [B]clear
[C]cold [D]easy
(　　)15.[A]trying [B]waiting
[C]watching [D]sharing
Ⅳ.应用文写作(15分)
　　假设你是李华,最近,我国一些城市街头出现无人驾驶出租车。请你就此现象写一篇文章,向你校英文报Hot Topic栏目投稿,内容包括:
1.你是否支持无人驾驶出租车;
2.阐述你的理由。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。Unit 4　课时作业(一)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10 题;每题1分,共10分)
1.These 　　　　 (人造的) flowers look very beautiful.
2.A senior experienced research 　　　　 (助理) is in great demand.
3.We are to provide financial aid to those flood 　　　　 (受害者).
4.It concerns some scientists that human beings will be in a　　　　(潜在地) dangerous situation if the AI system goes out of control.
5.In the last ten years,　　　　(自动化) has reduced the work force here by half.
6.Limited resources are restricting our　　　　(能力) for developing new products.
7.We need to carefully 　　　　(分析)the data collected from the experiment to draw accurate conclusions.
8.The company’s decision to invest in new machinery led to a 　　　　 (剧变) in productivity, doubling their output within a year.
9.You should learn to 　　　　(管理) your eating habits and keep healthy.
10.Certain plants are more 　　　　(易受影响的) to pests and diseases during dry seasons.
Ⅱ.句子语法填空 (共 10 题;每题 1.5 分,共 15 分)
1.After detailed　　　　(analyse) of the species, the research team confirmed it as a new species.
2.The lights in the office turn off 　　　　　(automation) when no one is present.
3.Technical 　　　　(assist) is essential for the development of this project.
4.Every child has the 　　　　(potentially) to succeed in life.
5.New food safety 　　　　(regulate) are made to ensure the health of consumers.
6.It is important to understand the 　　　　　(illegal) requirements before starting a new business.
7.She is capable　　　　 speaking multiple languages fluently.
8.On 　　　　 whole, the movie received favourable reviews from the audience.
9.Scientists are working hard to find a way to wipe 　　　　 this deadly disease.
10.Speaking 　　　　 technology, the development of artificial intelligence is astonishing.
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.老师推荐的那本书很有趣。 (过去分词短语作定语)
2.因为昨天雨下得很大,我们别无选择只能取消野餐。 (since;have no choice but to do)
3.学生们在课堂上确实听得很认真。(do表示强调)
4.他通过了考试,这让他的父母非常高兴。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
5.当涉及音乐时,我更喜欢古典音乐。 (when it comes to...)
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　We’ve heard people say that we shouldn’t worry too much about the future.But this saying doesn’t hold true in the technological world.Here,you always need to think about the future,or else you won’t have the chance to be in the digital age.There are so many new inventions that come up daily,which help in making our lives better and easier.
The tablet we use daily was once a far-fetched thought,which has become a reality today.Similarly,when television was launched,we thought nothing could beat this invention.Then came cable television,and now it’s the age of digital television.Similarly,until a few years ago,3D was limited to movies,but today,we have 3D blueprints,3D graphics,and 3D television sets as well.All these inventions were just a prediction by their inventors,but they later went on to become a part of our lives.Similar predictions can be made for the future.
For example,how about having human-like robots that understand our instructions by simply speaking to them We can talk with these robots regularly and simply instruct them to perform a particular task.If you want tea,you can simply require your robot to make it for you.These robots can be useful in industrial fields as well.For example,you can simply ask the robot to switch on the manufacturing line.
If waste keeps increasing,the future will see many problems related to pollution.So what about having a waste recycling machine that produces notebooks Yes,I’m not talking about the regular recycling machines that give us raw materials we need to put to effective use.If we build recycling machines that produce a particular product out of the waste,it’ll do much help to the environment as well.
This list can go on and on.Our imagination has no limits and so does technology.Who knows Maybe one of these ideas may become a reality in the near future!
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要阐述了科技的发展离不开预言,正是预言促使一个又一个新的发明诞生,从而改变了人类的生活。
(　　)1.What should we do according to the author
[A]Take the future less seriously.
[B]Use 3D technology more widely.
[C]Base new inventions on experience.
[D]Keep making predictions for the future.
(　　)2.What can so-called human-like robots do according to the text
[A]They can talk to themselves.
[B]They can understand human words.
[C]They can offer the users instructions.
[D]They can invent something for humans.
(　　)3.What does the author think of the waste recycling machine
[A]It is achievable.
[B]It is profitable.
[C]It is affordable.
[D]It is impractical.
(　　)4.What is the text mainly about
[A]The far future of technology.
[B]Ways of making predictions.
[C]Effects of predictions on inventions.
[D]The significance of human imagination.Unit 4　课时作业(一)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10 题;每题1分,共10分)
1.These 　　　　 (人造的) flowers look very beautiful.
2.A senior experienced research 　　　　 (助理) is in great demand.
3.We are to provide financial aid to those flood 　　　　 (受害者).
4.It concerns some scientists that human beings will be in a　　　　(潜在地) dangerous situation if the AI system goes out of control.
5.In the last ten years,　　　　(自动化) has reduced the work force here by half.
6.Limited resources are restricting our　　　　(能力) for developing new products.
7.We need to carefully 　　　　(分析)the data collected from the experiment to draw accurate conclusions.
8.The company’s decision to invest in new machinery led to a 　　　　 (剧变) in productivity, doubling their output within a year.
9.You should learn to 　　　　(管理) your eating habits and keep healthy.
10.Certain plants are more 　　　　(易受影响的) to pests and diseases during dry seasons.
【答案】 1.artificial　2.assistant　3.victims　
4.potentially　5.automation　6.capacity
7.analyse　8.leap　9.regulate
10.susceptible
Ⅱ.句子语法填空 (共 10 题;每题 1.5 分,共 15 分)
1.After detailed　　　　(analyse) of the species, the research team confirmed it as a new species.
2.The lights in the office turn off 　　　　　(automation) when no one is present.
3.Technical 　　　　(assist) is essential for the development of this project.
4.Every child has the 　　　　(potentially) to succeed in life.
5.New food safety 　　　　(regulate) are made to ensure the health of consumers.
6.It is important to understand the 　　　　　(illegal) requirements before starting a new business.
7.She is capable　　　　 speaking multiple languages fluently.
8.On 　　　　 whole, the movie received favourable reviews from the audience.
9.Scientists are working hard to find a way to wipe 　　　　 this deadly disease.
10.Speaking 　　　　 technology, the development of artificial intelligence is astonishing.
【答案】 1.analysis　2.automatically　3.assistance
4.potential　5.regulations　6.legal　7.of
8.the　9.out　10.of
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.老师推荐的那本书很有趣。 (过去分词短语作定语)
2.因为昨天雨下得很大,我们别无选择只能取消野餐。 (since;have no choice but to do)
3.学生们在课堂上确实听得很认真。(do表示强调)
4.他通过了考试,这让他的父母非常高兴。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
5.当涉及音乐时,我更喜欢古典音乐。 (when it comes to...)
【答案】 1.The book recommended by the teacher is very interesting.
2.Since it rained heavily yesterday, we had no choice but to cancel the picnic.
3.The students do listen carefully in class.
4.He passed the exam, which made his parents very happy.
5.When it comes to music, I prefer classical music.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　We’ve heard people say that we shouldn’t worry too much about the future.But this saying doesn’t hold true in the technological world.Here,you always need to think about the future,or else you won’t have the chance to be in the digital age.There are so many new inventions that come up daily,which help in making our lives better and easier.
The tablet we use daily was once a far-fetched thought,which has become a reality today.Similarly,when television was launched,we thought nothing could beat this invention.Then came cable television,and now it’s the age of digital television.Similarly,until a few years ago,3D was limited to movies,but today,we have 3D blueprints,3D graphics,and 3D television sets as well.All these inventions were just a prediction by their inventors,but they later went on to become a part of our lives.Similar predictions can be made for the future.
For example,how about having human-like robots that understand our instructions by simply speaking to them We can talk with these robots regularly and simply instruct them to perform a particular task.If you want tea,you can simply require your robot to make it for you.These robots can be useful in industrial fields as well.For example,you can simply ask the robot to switch on the manufacturing line.
If waste keeps increasing,the future will see many problems related to pollution.So what about having a waste recycling machine that produces notebooks Yes,I’m not talking about the regular recycling machines that give us raw materials we need to put to effective use.If we build recycling machines that produce a particular product out of the waste,it’ll do much help to the environment as well.
This list can go on and on.Our imagination has no limits and so does technology.Who knows Maybe one of these ideas may become a reality in the near future!
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要阐述了科技的发展离不开预言,正是预言促使一个又一个新的发明诞生,从而改变了人类的生活。
(　　)1.What should we do according to the author
[A]Take the future less seriously.
[B]Use 3D technology more widely.
[C]Base new inventions on experience.
[D]Keep making predictions for the future.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Here,you always need to think about the future”并结合第二段最后两句可知,作者认为我们应该继续对未来进行预测。故选D。
(　　)2.What can so-called human-like robots do according to the text
[A]They can talk to themselves.
[B]They can understand human words.
[C]They can offer the users instructions.
[D]They can invent something for humans.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,所谓的类人机器人是能够理解人类的语言的。故选B。
(　　)3.What does the author think of the waste recycling machine
[A]It is achievable.
[B]It is profitable.
[C]It is affordable.
[D]It is impractical.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“So what about having a waste...to the environment as well.”并结合最后一段内容可推知,作者认为垃圾回收机是可以实现的。故选A。
(　　)4.What is the text mainly about
[A]The far future of technology.
[B]Ways of making predictions.
[C]Effects of predictions on inventions.
[D]The significance of human imagination.
【答案】 C
【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段第三句和最后一段内容可知,作者认为预言可以推动科技的发展,并且相信预言终有一天能实现。由此可推知,本文主要说明了预言对发明的影响。故选C。Unit 4　课时作业(三)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.The roof 　　　　(倾斜) gently towards the back of the house, allowing rainwater to drain away efficiently.
2.The　　　　(机械的) parts of the car need to be regularly maintained.
3.He　　　　(皱眉) as he read the instructions, as if puzzled.
4.The eye is one of the most 　　　　(灵活的) parts of the human body.
5.The doctors were fighting a　　　　(拼命的) battle to save the boy’s life.
6.The artist’s work shows a 　　　　(一致的) style throughout his career.
7.The car broke down because of a 　　　　(有故障的) engine part.
8.The children were 　　　　(跳跃) around the playground,talking and laughing.
9.I 　　　　(骑自行车) to work every morning, which is not only environmentally friendly but also helps me exercise.
10.For the history project, the old photograph was a valuable 　　　　(线索) about that era.
【答案】 1.slopes　2.mechanical　3.frowned　 4.agile
5.desperate　6.consistent　7.faulty　
8.hopping　9.cycle　10.clue
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.We should face our 　　　　(faulty) bravely instead of hiding them.
2.The teacher emphasised the importance of 　　　　(consistent) in our writing style throughout the essay.
3.Before handing in your exam paper, go 　　　　 it carefully to avoid simple mistakes.
4.The heavy rain kept the planes　　　　 taking off on time.
5.She tried to 　　　　(imitation) her favourite actress by adopting a similar accent and body language.
6.When the students heard they’d won the science competition, they were 　　　　 shock, grinning from ear to ear.
7.The little boy pointed 　　　　 the colourful balloon in the sky, shouting with excitement.
8.This young 　　　　(cycle) participated in a local bike race.
9.The lost hikers shouted 　　　　(desperate) for help, hoping someone would hear them in the vast forest.
10.The dress was a bit 　　　　(tightly) around the waist, so she decided to go for a larger size.
【答案】 1.faults　2.consistency　3.through　4.from
5.imitate　6.in　7.at　8.cyclist　
9.desperately　10.tight
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.学生们在小组中积极讨论,想出了许多好主意。(现在分词短语作状语)
2.那就是为什么人们喜欢旅行,旅行能让他们体验不同的文化。(that’s why...)
3.如果你把这个复杂的问题分解成小部分,你会发现它更容易解决。(break down)
4.我的老师非常有耐心,他总是帮我解决难题。(who引导非限制性定语从句)
5.她跳舞的样子就好像她是一个专业舞者。(as though引导方式状语从句)
【答案】 1.Discussing actively in groups, the students came up with many good ideas.
2.That’s why people like travelling, which enables them to experience different cultures.
3.If you break down this complex problem into small parts, you’ll find it much easier to solve.
4.My teacher, who is very patient, always helps me solve difficult problems.
5.She dances as though she were a professional dancer.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
There is a profound relationship between science fiction and science.It is often said that stories change the world,but what is less often heard is that stories change science,and therefore the future.
The use of science fiction to explore our world is similar to scenario (设想) planning in Futures Studies,which shapes our ideas about the future,and goes beyond predicting artifacts that once seemed impossible to us like Verne’s submarine or the satellites of 2001:A Space Odyssey.
In the words of Dutch researcher Kaloterakis,“Science fiction narratives structure our imaginative models about techno-scientific projects such as robotics or space exploration.”Have you ever wondered how science fiction novels have impacted the idea we have about Artificial Intelligence or how Snow Crash,Neal Stephenson’s novel,has impacted what we now call the Metaverse (元宇宙)
Science fiction helps us define possible futures.It provides us with an understanding of the rules underlying fictional worlds.It also allows us to put technological prototypes (原型) in the context of their use by humans.But most importantly,it determines the way we structure scientific thought and intervene (干预) in the future.
The richness of “storyworlds”—the “universes” within which stories take place—provides us with detailed rules of the context in which a larger reality unfolds that extends beyond a single story,and has the potential to provide us with deeper learning about the underlying systems that regulate those worlds.
Lastly,the relationship of future narratives to theories such as Social Constructivism has been highlighted by several scholars.A central idea of this sociological theory is that whenever we use words or other symbols to refer to objects in our world we are constructing them.And,therefore,prediction is also a social construction.In narrating we intervene in the world.In narrating the world,we construct it.In writing science fiction we intervene in the science of the future.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章探讨了科幻小说和未来研究之间的关系。
(　　)1.What is the most important role of science fiction
[A]It provides us with technologies and tools.
[B]It allows us to establish reasonable future.
[C]It decides our thinking and affects the future.
[D]It helps us learn the rules of fictional world.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知,科幻小说最重要的作用是它决定我们构建科学思想和干预未来的方式。故选C。
(　　)2.What do we know about “storyworlds”
[A]There are general rules for a single story.
[B]They are the “universes” where stories happen.
[C]There are no regulations or guiding systems.
[D]They have a potential context within a story.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The richness of ‘storyworlds’—the ‘universes’ within which stories take place”可知,“故事世界”是故事发生的“宇宙”。故选B。
(　　)3.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
[A]Science fiction narratives can construct future world.
[B]The science of future intervenes in today’s science.
[C]Objects can’t be constructed by words or symbols.
[D]Scholars care little about narratives about future.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可推知,科幻小说叙述可以构建未来世界。故选A。
(　　)4.What is the text mainly about
[A]The storyworlds created by science fiction.
[B]Artifacts and technologies in science fiction.
[C]Science fiction narratives affecting future studies.
[D]The relation between science and science fiction.
【答案】 C
【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段第二句及最后一段最后一句可知,本文主要讲述了科幻小说能够影响对未来的研究。故选C。

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