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Unit 5　课时作业(三)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.Some artists are inspired by the beauty of 　　 　　 (乡村的) landscapes.
2.He 　　　　 (获得) the position of president of the Students’ Union.
3.That lovely 　　　　 (乡村小屋) by the seaside has been in the possession of their family for more than eighty years.
4.Before making a decision,it’s important to 　　　　 (评估) all the available options carefully.
5.After careful consideration,she decided to 　　　　 (退出) her application for the scholarship.
6.You should not 　　　　 (拒绝接受) the invitation from your old friend.
7.There is a need for more resources so that all children may have a 　　　　 (相当好的) education.
8.The old man has retired and now lives a life of 　　　　 (舒适).
9.After the performance,he 　　　　 (鞠躬) to the audience and left the stage.
10.Some people prefer 　　　　 (家养的) rabbits as they are gentle and easy to care for.
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.She is a renowned 　　　　 (botanical) with numerous publications in the field.
2.The response of the audience changed from 　　　　 (reject) to acceptance.
3.Accomplishing an objective set by ourselves can give us a sense of 　　　　 (fulfil).
4.She submitted her 　　　　 (resign) letter to the HR department and took a new job.
5.Her voice had a soaring 　　　　 (pure) that impressed the audience.
6.With his attention 　　　　 (focus) on his experiment,he didn’t notice night approaching.
7.They finally agreed to our terms with a certain 　　　　 (reluctant).
8.They have received no news of him since his 　　　　 (depart) from the island.
9.Practising yoga can help relieve 　　　　 (depress) emotions.
10.The old man 　　　　 (deliberate) walked along the path,enjoying the beautiful scenery.
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.虽然你的很多朋友会给你宝贵的建议帮助你做出决定,但最后还是由你决定。(although引导让步状语从句)
2.我的朋友没有像我告诉他的那样赶上早班车,所以他迟到了。(as引导方式状语从句)
3.他退出比赛的原因是他的脚受伤了。(withdraw from)
4.我们到达时的情况与新闻报道的截然不同。(in contrast to)
5.她用温暖的微笑让紧张的客人放松下来。(at ease with)
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Living alone in nature is the kind of decision that looks great on paper.You could move away from the pressure of city life to somewhere with a lower cost of living and more privacy.You could enjoy scenic views all year round,and adopt a simpler way of life.It’s not hard to see the appeal of this at all.But what happens when all goes wrong
Paul Kingsnorth is a distinguished writer—his novel was longlisted for the Booker Prize and won the Gordon Burn Prize.His books help develop an awareness of the place and history,so it’s not hugely surprising that his latest book is about his own rural existence.It is in part about Kingsnorth,his wife,and their children moving to western Ireland.He writes,“In my country a small house or a field is beyond the means of anyone who doesn’t earn much money or who refuses to get into debt to chase a dream.” It’s a feeling that anyone who’s looked longingly at rural tiny houses thousands of miles from anyone else can relate to.
But Kingsnorth is aware that this is only part of the story.“Because I am not a real farmer,I have to make my money in other places,” he writes.“I need the Internet or the Dublin-to-Holyhead ferry (渡轮) and sometimes both to put food on my family’s table.” To make matters worse,Kingsnorth’s isolation (隔离) results in a crisis of confidence in his own writing abilities—which becomes one of the central themes of his latest book.
Kingsnorth isn’t the only writer to make time spent in a vivid countryside sound less enjoyable than one might expect.The French writer Sylvain Tesson takes this to what may be its most extreme point in his book.He lived alone for six months.His book includes impressive descriptions of the landscape and what it’s like to experience depression in the middle of such a landscape.
Some books neatly remind you of the appeal of such an existence,while others make the drawbacks central to their accounts.In Names for the Sea,Moss summarises the attraction of the wilderness.“We’d come for the landscape,and for the pale nights and dark shores with rain sweeping over trees and bushes,” she writes.From that,it’s not hard to see why a life in nature—even with its potential downsides—still appeals to so many.
【语篇导读】 本文是议论文。文章主要介绍了Paul Kingsnorth对乡村生活的一些观点和见解。
(　　)1.What effect does living in isolation have on people according to Paragraph 1
[A]It makes people look great.
[B]It makes people reveal their privacy.
[C]It makes people overcome pressure.
[D]It makes people enjoy a lower living cost.
(　　)2.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to
[A]Paul Kingsnorth helps readers develop an awareness of time and space.
[B]Paul Kingsnorth starts to have doubts about his abilities as a writer.
[C]Paul Kingsnorth’s family live comfortably in a rural house.
[D]Paul Kingsnorth couldn’t afford a tiny rural house.
(　　)3.What do you know about Paul Kingsnorth
[A]He thinks it is a perfect idea to live alone in nature.
[B]He earns money somewhere else to make ends meet.
[C]His latest book is about the attraction of wild places.
[D]Living in the countryside results in his depression.
(　　)4.Why does the author mention Sylvain Tesson and his book
[A]To inform readers of a famous French writer.
[B]To praise him for his marvelous writing skills.
[C]To explain how to live in the peaceful countryside.
[D]To emphasise more writers experienced similar problems.Unit 5　课时作业(四)
单元知识综合练
(分值:40分)　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.frontier
A.n.(学科的)知识前沿　B.n.边远地区　C.n.国界,边界
①The frontiers of medical knowledge are being pushed forward as time goes on.　　　
②The frontier between two countries ranges from the northern hills to the southern coast.　　　
③The exploration team ventured into the remote frontier of the west.　　 　
【答案】 ①A　②C　③B
2.ease
A.n.容易　B.v.缓解;减轻　C.n.舒适,悠闲
①Walking helped to ease him of his pain.　　　
②He passed the exam with ease,which made me surprised.　　　
③His parents are retired and now live a life of ease.　　　
【答案】 ①B　②A　③C
3.absorb
A.v.使并入　B.v.使全神贯注　C.v.吸收　D.v.理解
①She began reading and soon got absorbed in it.　　　
②The drug is easily absorbed into the blood and comes into effect.　　　
③I read and re-read the essay,trying to absorb its contents.　　　
④The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.　　　
【答案】 ①B　②C　③D　④A
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
Just several days ago,a violent storm hit our community.I looked out of the window and witnessed a tree being abused by the 　1　 wind.The branches bent,and swayed (摇摆) back and forth,thanks to their flexibility to avoid breaking.The leaves desperately stuck to the branches because their life 　2　 the tree.The powerful trunk (树干) which held the tree upright bent slightly 　3　 from the force in the battle to maintain its position.
After the storm had passed,the tree gracefully returned to its　4　 position standing tall among the chaos (混乱).It managed to 　5　 the storm.It didn’t look the same as leaves had fallen and the soil had loosened,but what 　6　 is that the tree won the fight for its life.
　　For a long time I couldn’t understand why this tree 　7　 my attention the way it did.As time passed,it became clear that it wasn’t just about the tree but about the 　8　 roots which are deep into the soil providing water and nutrition.The roots allow the tree to be able to take a 　9　 because they are there to support it.
　10　,the next time you catch your kids misbehaving,when the job is driving you crazy,when you are underpaid and the 　11　 is tight,and when the storms of life are blowing,go back to your 　12　.Life is full of storms.They will make you 　13　,make you sway and even make you lose some leaves,but the 　14　 your roots are,the stronger you stand.I challenge you to bend but don’t break.However hard the wind blows,don’t let life
　15　 you into an uncomfortable position.Your strength lies in your roots.
【语篇导读】 本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者通过观察暴风雨中的一棵树进行联想,由物及人,感悟人生。
(　　)1.[A]fierce [B]strange
[C]unusual [D]gentle
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文中的“Just several days ago,a violent storm hit our community.”以及“being abused”可知,当时风是很猛烈的(fierce)。故选A。
(　　)2.[A]depended on [B]answered for
[C]intended for [D]touched on
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文中的“The leaves desperately stuck to the branches”并结合常识可推知,树叶依靠(depended on)树而存活,因此会紧紧贴在树枝上面。故选A。
(　　)3.[A]towards [B]over
[C]backwards [D]into
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文中的“The powerful trunk (树干) which held the tree upright”并结合常识可推知,树干在强风中会轻微后仰(backwards)。故选C。
(　　)4.[A]current [B]final
[C]original [D]comfortable
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文中的returned可推知,暴风雨过后,树又恢复到了原来的(original)姿势。故选C。
(　　)5.[A]explore [B]avoid
[C]overcome [D]survive
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文中的“the tree won the fight for its life”可推知,树在暴风雨中存活(survive)了下来。故选D。
(　　)6.[A]differs [B]matters
[C]concerns [D]reveals
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文中的“It didn’t look the same...had loosened,but”可推知,此处表示重要(matters)的是树在斗争中赢得了胜利。故选B。
(　　)7.[A]fixed [B]paid
[C]caught [D]escaped
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据第一段中的“I looked out of the window and witnessed a tree...”可推知,暴风雨中的那棵树吸引了(caught)作者的注意。故选C。
(　　)8.[A]unseen [B]dirty
[C]obvious [D]new
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文中的“which are deep into the soil ...”并结合常识可知,那看不见的(unseen)树根深深植根于地下为树提供水源和营养。故选A。
(　　)9.[A]stand [B]fight
[C]chance [D]turning
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据第二段最后一句中的“the tree won the fight for its life”可知,此处应与其呼应,表示树根让树能够斗争(fight)。故选B。
(　　)10.[A]However [B]Still
[C]Thus [D]Besides
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据语境可推知,此处上下文存在逻辑上的因果关系,Thus符合题意。故选C。
(　　)11.[A]budget [B]deadline
[C]hand [D]living
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文中的“when you are underpaid”可推知,此处表示预算(budget)紧张。故选A。
(　　)12.[A]dreams [B]home
[C]roots [D]trees
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文中的“when the storms of life are blowing”以及第三段最后一句可推知,遇到生活中的暴风雨时,要回归你的根源(roots)。故选C。
(　　)13.[A]win [B]bend
[C]loosen [D]stay
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据第一段中的“The branches bent,and swayed (摇摆) back and forth”可推知,此处与其呼应,生活中的暴风雨也会让人弯腰(bend)。故选B。
(　　)14.[A]deeper [B]bigger
[C]more [D]brighter
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据第三段中的“roots which are deep into the soil”可推知,此处应与其呼应,表示根基越深(deeper),站得越稳。故选A。
(　　)15.[A]trick [B]force
[C]lead [D]admit
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文中的“However hard the wind blows”可推知,不要让生活迫使(force)你进入不舒服的境地。故选B。
Ⅲ.应用文写作(15分)
假设你是李华,你的外国朋友Terry最近学习了“井底之蛙”这个成语,发邮件向你询问它的相关内容,请你用英语给他回复一封电子邮件。内容包括:
1.讲述它的相关故事;
2.它带给人们的启示。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.已给出的部分不计入总词数。
Dear Terry,
I’m glad to receive your email in which you want to know more about the idiom “a frog living at the bottom of a well”.Now I will give you a detailed explanation.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
[写作指导]
Dear Terry,
I’m glad to receive your email in which you want to know more about the idiom “a frog living at the bottom of a well”.Now I will give you a detailed explanation.
Once upon a time there was a frog living in a well.It used to believe that the well was the whole world and was pleased with its life.It was only when meeting a turtle from the sea that the frog realised its mistake.
What we can learn from the idiom is that we should have a broader view of the world around us.In addition,stepping out of our comfort zone to broaden our horizons and trying new things can do good to us.What’s more,we had better not be overconfident,otherwise we may make a fool of ourselves.
I hope my answer will be helpful to you.
Yours sincerely,
Li HuaUnit 5　课时作业(三)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.Some artists are inspired by the beauty of 　　 　　 (乡村的) landscapes.
2.He 　　　　 (获得) the position of president of the Students’ Union.
3.That lovely 　　　　 (乡村小屋) by the seaside has been in the possession of their family for more than eighty years.
4.Before making a decision,it’s important to 　　　　 (评估) all the available options carefully.
5.After careful consideration,she decided to 　　　　 (退出) her application for the scholarship.
6.You should not 　　　　 (拒绝接受) the invitation from your old friend.
7.There is a need for more resources so that all children may have a 　　　　 (相当好的) education.
8.The old man has retired and now lives a life of 　　　　 (舒适).
9.After the performance,he 　　　　 (鞠躬) to the audience and left the stage.
10.Some people prefer 　　　　 (家养的) rabbits as they are gentle and easy to care for.
【答案】 1.rural　2.attained　3.cottage　4.evaluate　5.withdraw　6.reject　
7.decent　8.ease　9.bowed　10.domestic
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.She is a renowned 　　　　 (botanical) with numerous publications in the field.
2.The response of the audience changed from 　　　　 (reject) to acceptance.
3.Accomplishing an objective set by ourselves can give us a sense of 　　　　 (fulfil).
4.She submitted her 　　　　 (resign) letter to the HR department and took a new job.
5.Her voice had a soaring 　　　　 (pure) that impressed the audience.
6.With his attention 　　　　 (focus) on his experiment,he didn’t notice night approaching.
7.They finally agreed to our terms with a certain 　　　　 (reluctant).
8.They have received no news of him since his 　　　　 (depart) from the island.
9.Practising yoga can help relieve 　　　　 (depress) emotions.
10.The old man 　　　　 (deliberate) walked along the path,enjoying the beautiful scenery.
【答案】 1.botanist　2.rejection　3.fulfilment　4.resignation　5.purity　6.focused　
7.reluctance　8.departure 9.depressive　10.deliberately
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.虽然你的很多朋友会给你宝贵的建议帮助你做出决定,但最后还是由你决定。(although引导让步状语从句)
2.我的朋友没有像我告诉他的那样赶上早班车,所以他迟到了。(as引导方式状语从句)
3.他退出比赛的原因是他的脚受伤了。(withdraw from)
4.我们到达时的情况与新闻报道的截然不同。(in contrast to)
5.她用温暖的微笑让紧张的客人放松下来。(at ease with)
【答案】 1.Although many of your friends may offer you valuable advice that can help you to make the decision,finally it’s up to you.
2.My friend didn’t catch the early bus as I told him to,so he was late.
3.The reason why he withdrew from the game was that his feet were injured.
4.The situation when we arrived was in marked contrast to the news reports.
5.She made the nervous guests feel at ease with her warm smile.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Living alone in nature is the kind of decision that looks great on paper.You could move away from the pressure of city life to somewhere with a lower cost of living and more privacy.You could enjoy scenic views all year round,and adopt a simpler way of life.It’s not hard to see the appeal of this at all.But what happens when all goes wrong
Paul Kingsnorth is a distinguished writer—his novel was longlisted for the Booker Prize and won the Gordon Burn Prize.His books help develop an awareness of the place and history,so it’s not hugely surprising that his latest book is about his own rural existence.It is in part about Kingsnorth,his wife,and their children moving to western Ireland.He writes,“In my country a small house or a field is beyond the means of anyone who doesn’t earn much money or who refuses to get into debt to chase a dream.” It’s a feeling that anyone who’s looked longingly at rural tiny houses thousands of miles from anyone else can relate to.
But Kingsnorth is aware that this is only part of the story.“Because I am not a real farmer,I have to make my money in other places,” he writes.“I need the Internet or the Dublin-to-Holyhead ferry (渡轮) and sometimes both to put food on my family’s table.” To make matters worse,Kingsnorth’s isolation (隔离) results in a crisis of confidence in his own writing abilities—which becomes one of the central themes of his latest book.
Kingsnorth isn’t the only writer to make time spent in a vivid countryside sound less enjoyable than one might expect.The French writer Sylvain Tesson takes this to what may be its most extreme point in his book.He lived alone for six months.His book includes impressive descriptions of the landscape and what it’s like to experience depression in the middle of such a landscape.
Some books neatly remind you of the appeal of such an existence,while others make the drawbacks central to their accounts.In Names for the Sea,Moss summarises the attraction of the wilderness.“We’d come for the landscape,and for the pale nights and dark shores with rain sweeping over trees and bushes,” she writes.From that,it’s not hard to see why a life in nature—even with its potential downsides—still appeals to so many.
【语篇导读】 本文是议论文。文章主要介绍了Paul Kingsnorth对乡村生活的一些观点和见解。
(　　)1.What effect does living in isolation have on people according to Paragraph 1
[A]It makes people look great.
[B]It makes people reveal their privacy.
[C]It makes people overcome pressure.
[D]It makes people enjoy a lower living cost.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知,住在一个隔绝的环境中可以让人们减少生活成本。故选D。
(　　)2.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to
[A]Paul Kingsnorth helps readers develop an awareness of time and space.
[B]Paul Kingsnorth starts to have doubts about his abilities as a writer.
[C]Paul Kingsnorth’s family live comfortably in a rural house.
[D]Paul Kingsnorth couldn’t afford a tiny rural house.
【答案】 C
【解析】 代词指代题。分析本句结构并结合语境可知,this所指代的内容应为第二段中的“...his latest book is about...moving to western Ireland”,即他和妻子、孩子们的农村生活经历。结合选项可知,C项“Paul Kingsnorth一家人在农村的房子里舒适地生活。”符合题意。故选C。
(　　)3.What do you know about Paul Kingsnorth
[A]He thinks it is a perfect idea to live alone in nature.
[B]He earns money somewhere else to make ends meet.
[C]His latest book is about the attraction of wild places.
[D]Living in the countryside results in his depression.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Because I am not...put food on my family’s table.” 可知,Paul Kingsnorth需要通过其他渠道来保持收支平衡,满足生活花销。故选B。
(　　)4.Why does the author mention Sylvain Tesson and his book
[A]To inform readers of a famous French writer.
[B]To praise him for his marvelous writing skills.
[C]To explain how to live in the peaceful countryside.
[D]To emphasise more writers experienced similar problems.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的第一句可推知,作者提到Sylvain Tesson和他的书的目的是强调有其他更多的作家也经历过相似的问题。故选D。Unit 5　课时作业(一)
(分值:43.5分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.Those buildings were designed by an 　 　　　 (建筑师) in London.
2.The park on the 　　 　　 (滨水地区) is bound to be a good place for rest and recreation.
3.The Natural History Museum is a 　　　　 (极好的) place for kids.
4.The castle was built on top of a natural grassy 　　　　 (土堆).
5.The stories of those scientists working in the 　　　　 (知识前沿) of science and technology inspired us to study harder.
6.Artists often draw inspiration from the elegant shape of the 　　　　 (荷花) for their paintings.
7.　　　　 (藻类) play a crucial role in the aquatic ecosystem as they are a primary source of food for many organisms.
8.She can 　　　　 (模仿) different accents effortlessly,which is quite impressive.
9.The 　　　　 (管道系统) in this old house needs to be repaired as the pipes are leaking.
10.　　　　 (仿生学) is an innovative field that draws inspiration from nature to solve human problems.
【答案】 1.architect　2.waterfront　3.superb　4.mound　5.frontiers　6.lotus　7.Algae　8.mimic　9.plumbing　10.Biomimicry
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共9题;每题1.5分,共13.5分)
1.The 　　　　 (wisdom) old man shared many valuable life lessons with the young generation.
2.Scientists are constantly seeking solutions 　　　　 environmental problems.
3.The government’s investment in infrastructure projects can create more 　　　　 (employ) opportunities.
4.He began studying 　　　　 (architect) at university in 2020.
5.We sometimes take 　　 　 for granted that we can access clean water whenever we want.
6.He set an example 　　　　 wholehearted service to the people.
7.You are supposed 　　　　 (be) here an hour ago.
8.Artists often draw inspiration 　　　　 nature to create breathtaking artworks.
9.With advancements in technology,energy 　　　　 (convert) efficiency has been significantly improved.
【答案】 1.wise　2.to　3.employment　4.architecture　5.it　6.of　7.to be　8.from　9.conversion
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.在聚会上他遇到的是他最好的朋友。(强调句型)
2.每天获得充足的睡眠很重要。(It作形式主语)
3.有那么多有趣的书,我不知道该选哪本了。(so...that...引导结果状语从句)
4.我们只有彼此和睦相处,才能创造一个更加和谐的社会。(live in harmony with)
5.你可以通过这个网站订票,它非常便捷。(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句)
【答案】 1.It was his best friend that/who he met at the party.
2.It is important to get enough sleep every day.
3.There are so many interesting books that I don’t know which one to choose.
4.Only if we live in harmony with each other can we create a more harmonious society.
5.The website,through which you can book tickets,is very convenient.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Dolphins,African gray parrots and some other animals also understand the idea of “zero”,but researchers were surprised to find that honeybees also comprehend this concept,considering the insects’ tiny brains,according to a study.Honeybees have fewer than 1 million neurons (神经元),compared with the 86 billion neurons in humans and yet,they grasp a concept that humans,by some measures,don’t start to understand before preschool.
The researchers set up two cards,each of which had a set of symbols on them,like triangles or circles.Then,they trained a group of bees to fly to the card with the lower number of symbols.The bees quickly learnt what the humans wanted them to do to get their delicious,sweet rewards.The trained bees were then shown a card that was empty and one that had symbols on it.There was no need for the bees to be trained to fly more often to the empty card—thus showing that they understood that “zero” was a number less than the others.
Although they flew more often to an empty card than to one that had one symbol on it,it became easier for them to distinguish when the symbols on the card increased in number.For example,they more often flew to the empty card when the other card had four symbols than when it had one.
“Perhaps these findings will explain the brain mechanism (机制)behind what allows us to understand the concept of ‘nothing’,” Dyer,a researcher said.This understanding,in turn,could help in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) that also understands this concept.“If bees can understand ‘zero’ with a brain of less than a million neurons,it suggests there are simple,efficient ways to teach AI new tricks,” Dyer said in the statement.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现,蜜蜂的脑容量相比人类来说要小很多,但它与许多其他动物一样,能理解“零”这样的抽象概念,这为人工智能的发展带来了新的启示。
(　　)1.What is it that shocked the researchers
[A]Bees can understand “zero” with tiny brains.
[B]Many animals also understand the idea of “zero”.
[C]Humans can’t understand “zero” before preschool.
[D]Humans are the only species to know about “nothing”.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,令研究人员吃惊的是虽然蜜蜂的脑容量小,但它们也能理解“零”这样的概念。故选A。
(　　)2.What can the bees do without further training
[A]Fly more often to the card with more symbols on it.
[B]Fly more often to the card with fewer symbols on it.
[C]Fly more often to the card without any symbol on it.
[D]Fly more often to the card with tiny symbols on it.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段内容,尤其是最后一句可知,蜜蜂能飞向符号少的卡片是训练的结果。但是,蜜蜂能更频繁地飞向空白的卡片是不需要训练的。故选C。
(　　)3.What did Dyer say about these findings according to the last paragraph
[A]They allow people to set a new type of brain mechanism.
[B]They enable people to understand more abstract concepts.
[C]They suggest ways to teach humans some complex tricks.
[D]They offer inspiration to the development of technology.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 Dyer所说的话可推知,他认为这些发现能够为科技的发展提供一些灵感。故选D。
(　　)4.What is the main idea of the text
[A]Honeybees can understand much as humans do.
[B]Honeybees know about the concept of “zero”.
[C]Honeybees will help to improve AI in the future.
[D]Honeybees can be trained to comprehend “zero”.
【答案】 B
【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要是在讲蜜蜂与许多其他动物一样,能理解“零”这样的抽象概念。故选B。Unit 5　课时作业(一)
(分值:43.5分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.Those buildings were designed by an 　 　　　 (建筑师) in London.
2.The park on the 　　 　　 (滨水地区) is bound to be a good place for rest and recreation.
3.The Natural History Museum is a 　　　　 (极好的) place for kids.
4.The castle was built on top of a natural grassy 　　　　 (土堆).
5.The stories of those scientists working in the 　　　　 (知识前沿) of science and technology inspired us to study harder.
6.Artists often draw inspiration from the elegant shape of the 　　　　 (荷花) for their paintings.
7.　　　　 (藻类) play a crucial role in the aquatic ecosystem as they are a primary source of food for many organisms.
8.She can 　　　　 (模仿) different accents effortlessly,which is quite impressive.
9.The 　　　　 (管道系统) in this old house needs to be repaired as the pipes are leaking.
10.　　　　 (仿生学) is an innovative field that draws inspiration from nature to solve human problems.
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共9题;每题1.5分,共13.5分)
1.The 　　　　 (wisdom) old man shared many valuable life lessons with the young generation.
2.Scientists are constantly seeking solutions 　　　　 environmental problems.
3.The government’s investment in infrastructure projects can create more 　　　　 (employ) opportunities.
4.He began studying 　　　　 (architect) at university in 2020.
5.We sometimes take 　　 　 for granted that we can access clean water whenever we want.
6.He set an example 　　　　 wholehearted service to the people.
7.You are supposed 　　　　 (be) here an hour ago.
8.Artists often draw inspiration 　　　　 nature to create breathtaking artworks.
9.With advancements in technology,energy 　　　　 (convert) efficiency has been significantly improved.
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.在聚会上他遇到的是他最好的朋友。(强调句型)
2.每天获得充足的睡眠很重要。(It作形式主语)
3.有那么多有趣的书,我不知道该选哪本了。(so...that...引导结果状语从句)
4.我们只有彼此和睦相处,才能创造一个更加和谐的社会。(live in harmony with)
5.你可以通过这个网站订票,它非常便捷。(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句)
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Dolphins,African gray parrots and some other animals also understand the idea of “zero”,but researchers were surprised to find that honeybees also comprehend this concept,considering the insects’ tiny brains,according to a study.Honeybees have fewer than 1 million neurons (神经元),compared with the 86 billion neurons in humans and yet,they grasp a concept that humans,by some measures,don’t start to understand before preschool.
The researchers set up two cards,each of which had a set of symbols on them,like triangles or circles.Then,they trained a group of bees to fly to the card with the lower number of symbols.The bees quickly learnt what the humans wanted them to do to get their delicious,sweet rewards.The trained bees were then shown a card that was empty and one that had symbols on it.There was no need for the bees to be trained to fly more often to the empty card—thus showing that they understood that “zero” was a number less than the others.
Although they flew more often to an empty card than to one that had one symbol on it,it became easier for them to distinguish when the symbols on the card increased in number.For example,they more often flew to the empty card when the other card had four symbols than when it had one.
“Perhaps these findings will explain the brain mechanism (机制)behind what allows us to understand the concept of ‘nothing’,” Dyer,a researcher said.This understanding,in turn,could help in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) that also understands this concept.“If bees can understand ‘zero’ with a brain of less than a million neurons,it suggests there are simple,efficient ways to teach AI new tricks,” Dyer said in the statement.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现,蜜蜂的脑容量相比人类来说要小很多,但它与许多其他动物一样,能理解“零”这样的抽象概念,这为人工智能的发展带来了新的启示。
(　　)1.What is it that shocked the researchers
[A]Bees can understand “zero” with tiny brains.
[B]Many animals also understand the idea of “zero”.
[C]Humans can’t understand “zero” before preschool.
[D]Humans are the only species to know about “nothing”.
(　　)2.What can the bees do without further training
[A]Fly more often to the card with more symbols on it.
[B]Fly more often to the card with fewer symbols on it.
[C]Fly more often to the card without any symbol on it.
[D]Fly more often to the card with tiny symbols on it.
(　　)3.What did Dyer say about these findings according to the last paragraph
[A]They allow people to set a new type of brain mechanism.
[B]They enable people to understand more abstract concepts.
[C]They suggest ways to teach humans some complex tricks.
[D]They offer inspiration to the development of technology.
(　　)4.What is the main idea of the text
[A]Honeybees can understand much as humans do.
[B]Honeybees know about the concept of “zero”.
[C]Honeybees will help to improve AI in the future.
[D]Honeybees can be trained to comprehend “zero”.Unit 5　课时作业(二)
(分值:50分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area need 　　 　　(repair).
2.All of us agreed it is necessary 　　　　(collect) related materials before we began to write a report.
3.I think it is no good 　　　　(have) another talk with him on this matter.
4.The two girls are so alike that strangers find 　　　　 difficult to tell one from the other.
5.His job is 　　　　 (look) after the old people in the nursing home.
6.He was so 　　　　 (excite) when he heard his mother’s words that they would go for a picnic next weekend.
7.The purpose of this activity is 　　　　 (raise) money for the charity.
8.My favourite way to relax is 　　　　 (listen) to soft music.
9.His wish is 　　　　 (buy) a new car in the near future.
10.It was 　　　　 (amaze) that our class won the second place.
【答案】 1.repairing/to be repaired　2.to collect　3.having　4.it　5.to look　6.excited　7.to raise　8.listening　9.to buy　10.amazing
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
2.演奏乐器能缓解压力。
3.尽管迷路了,这位徒步旅行者还是设法找到了走出森林的路。
4.他不介意在电影院外面等你。
5.她坚持在睡前快速复习一遍笔记。
【答案】 1.His wish is to be a doctor in the future.
2.Playing musical instruments can relieve stress.
3.The hiker managed to find his way out of the forest even though he got lost.
4.He doesn’t mind waiting for you outside the cinema.
5.She insists on doing a quick review of her notes before going to bed.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Scientists tested the effects of new PVC pellets (聚氯乙烯颗粒) on the development of seven species,spanning all major groups of marine animals.They found exposure to high concentrations of PVC pellets prevented healthy development in all seven species.
The study,by an international team led by the Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn di Napoli (SZN) and the University of Exeter,highlights the “potentially catastrophic effects” of rising levels of plastic in the ocean.
“When exposed to high levels of new PVC pellets,the species we examined went wrong in different ways,” said the first author Dr.Jimenez-Guri.“Some failed to make a shell;some failed to form proper bilateral (两侧的) features; some just stopped developing after a few rounds of cell division.They all failed to make a viable embryo (胚胎).”
The study also examined the bad effects of plastic samples collected from beaches.While the effects were not as widespread as those of new PVC pellets,high concentrations were found to affect the development of mollusks (软体动物),including sea urchins (海胆),sea stars and sea squirts (海鞘).
Coasts and rivers are known hot spots for plastic pollution.As the species in the study all live in coastal areas,severe pollution could have a major impact.
“If you have extreme pollution at a time when these species are reproducing,then you don’t have the next generation of those species,” said Dr.Jimenez-Guri.
Explaining how plastics cause developmental abnormalities,Dr.Jimenez-Guri said plastics contain a complex variety of potentially harmful components including zinc,which are slowly released once plastic is in the water.
She added,“If we reach these extreme levels of plastic pollution at our coasts,which happens in isolated cases but is thankfully uncommon at present,many species may become unable to reproduce,with massive impacts on marine life,the wider environment and people.We need urgent action to reduce the amount of plastic entering the ocean.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了塑料中的聚氯乙烯颗粒会影响海洋生物的健康发育。
(　　)1.What is the author’s purpose of writing Paragraph 1
[A]To introduce the topic of the text.
[B]To describe the methods used in the study.
[C]To present the findings of different studies.
[D]To highlight the positive effects of PVC pellets.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可推知,作者写第一段的目的是引入文章主题。故选A。
(　　)2.What does the underlined word “catastrophic” in Paragraph 2 mean
[A]Creative. [B]Formal.
[C]Terrible. [D]Isolated.
【答案】 C
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据第一段中最后一句以及画线词所在句可知,上文提到研究人员发现暴露在高浓度的聚氯乙烯颗粒环境中会阻碍七个物种的健康发育,即海洋中塑料含量上升产生的影响很糟糕,所以画线词的意思是“糟糕的”。故选C。
(　　)3.What is Dr.Jimenez-Guri’s attitude towards the situation of marine life
[A]Positive. [B]Concerned.
[C]Conservative. [D]Indifferent.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可推知,Jimenez-Guri博士对海洋生物状况感到担忧。故选B。
(　　)4.Which can be the best title for the text
[A]The Role of PVC Pellets in Marine Ecosystems
[B]The Importance of Coastal Areas for Marine Life
[C]The Future of Marine Life Under Plastic Pollution
[D]The Serious Impact of PVC Pellets on Marine Life
【答案】 D
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据第一段,并结合文章主要介绍了塑料中的聚氯乙烯颗粒会影响海洋生物的健康发育可知,D项最适合作为文章的标题。故选D。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
Malaindrano is a giant baobab (猴面包树) tree that is hollowed out (被挖空) for the storage of water,1.　　　　 (exist) in a village in Madagascar.Malaindrano means “he who hates water”,2.　　　　 this baobab doesn’t hate water at all.It is so big that many people believe it has never been 3.　　　　 (complete) filled.Even semi-full,the trees are vital for storing water in one of Madagascar’s driest regions.Also known 4.　　　　 bottle trees because of their unique thick trunks,such baobab trees form a network of 5.　　　　 (nature) water tanks.Using them has allowed people to live in a place where rain is rare,and where the little rain that falls 6.　　　　 (absorb) quickly by the soil.
Lack of rain can lead to a lack of food.Many local people once 7.　　　　 (die) because of extreme drought.This forced the locals to come up with an idea:Hollowing out baobabs
8.　　　　 (store) water when it is abundant.A large baobab has the 9.　　　　 (able) to store about 14 m3 of water.Today,many people 10.　　　　 live in the region rely on the water in the tree to cope with the dry climate.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了非洲的猴面包树的储水功能,该功能可以帮助当地人应对干旱的气候。
1.【答案】 existing
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词,动词exist与其逻辑主语Malaindrano之间为主谓关系,应用现在分词形式。故填existing。
2.【答案】 but
【解析】 考查连词。根据句意可知,上下文为转折关系。故填but。
3.【答案】 completely
【解析】 考查副词。此处修饰动词filled,作状语,应用副词。故填completely。
4.【答案】 as
【解析】 考查介词。be known as是固定搭配,意为“作为……而出名”,符合语境。故填as。
5.【答案】 natural
【解析】 考查形容词。此处修饰water tanks,作前置定语,应用形容词。故填natural。
6.【答案】 is absorbed
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处是谓语动词,陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时;动词absorb与逻辑主语rain之间为动宾关系,应用被动语态;主语rain为不可数名词,be动词用is。故填 is absorbed。
7.【答案】 died
【解析】 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词,根据时间状语once可知,应用一般过去时。故填died。
8.【答案】 to store
【解析】 考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词,作目的状语,应用动词不定式。故填to store。
9.【答案】 ability
【解析】 考查名词。have the ability to do sth是固定搭配,意为“有能力做某事”,符合语境。故填ability。
10.【答案】 who/that
【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导定语从句,many people为先行词,指人,且此处在从句中作主语。故填who/that。Unit 5　课时作业(四)
单元知识综合练
(分值:40分)　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.frontier
A.n.(学科的)知识前沿　B.n.边远地区　C.n.国界,边界
①The frontiers of medical knowledge are being pushed forward as time goes on.　　　
②The frontier between two countries ranges from the northern hills to the southern coast.　　　
③The exploration team ventured into the remote frontier of the west.　　 　
2.ease
A.n.容易　B.v.缓解;减轻　C.n.舒适,悠闲
①Walking helped to ease him of his pain.　　　
②He passed the exam with ease,which made me surprised.　　　
③His parents are retired and now live a life of ease.　　　
3.absorb
A.v.使并入　B.v.使全神贯注　C.v.吸收　D.v.理解
①She began reading and soon got absorbed in it.　　　
②The drug is easily absorbed into the blood and comes into effect.　　　
③I read and re-read the essay,trying to absorb its contents.　　　
④The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.　　　
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
Just several days ago,a violent storm hit our community.I looked out of the window and witnessed a tree being abused by the 　1　 wind.The branches bent,and swayed (摇摆) back and forth,thanks to their flexibility to avoid breaking.The leaves desperately stuck to the branches because their life 　2　 the tree.The powerful trunk (树干) which held the tree upright bent slightly 　3　 from the force in the battle to maintain its position.
After the storm had passed,the tree gracefully returned to its　4　 position standing tall among the chaos (混乱).It managed to 　5　 the storm.It didn’t look the same as leaves had fallen and the soil had loosened,but what 　6　 is that the tree won the fight for its life.
　　For a long time I couldn’t understand why this tree 　7　 my attention the way it did.As time passed,it became clear that it wasn’t just about the tree but about the 　8　 roots which are deep into the soil providing water and nutrition.The roots allow the tree to be able to take a 　9　 because they are there to support it.
　10　,the next time you catch your kids misbehaving,when the job is driving you crazy,when you are underpaid and the 　11　 is tight,and when the storms of life are blowing,go back to your 　12　.Life is full of storms.They will make you 　13　,make you sway and even make you lose some leaves,but the 　14　 your roots are,the stronger you stand.I challenge you to bend but don’t break.However hard the wind blows,don’t let life
　15　 you into an uncomfortable position.Your strength lies in your roots.
【语篇导读】 本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者通过观察暴风雨中的一棵树进行联想,由物及人,感悟人生。
(　　)1.[A]fierce [B]strange
[C]unusual [D]gentle
(　　)2.[A]depended on [B]answered for
[C]intended for [D]touched on
(　　)3.[A]towards [B]over
[C]backwards [D]into
(　　)4.[A]current [B]final
[C]original [D]comfortable
(　　)5.[A]explore [B]avoid
[C]overcome [D]survive
(　　)6.[A]differs [B]matters
[C]concerns [D]reveals
(　　)7.[A]fixed [B]paid
[C]caught [D]escaped
(　　)8.[A]unseen [B]dirty
[C]obvious [D]new
(　　)9.[A]stand [B]fight
[C]chance [D]turning
(　　)10.[A]However [B]Still
[C]Thus [D]Besides
(　　)11.[A]budget [B]deadline
[C]hand [D]living
(　　)12.[A]dreams [B]home
[C]roots [D]trees
(　　)13.[A]win [B]bend
[C]loosen [D]stay
(　　)14.[A]deeper [B]bigger
[C]more [D]brighter
(　　)15.[A]trick [B]force
[C]lead [D]admit
Ⅲ.应用文写作(15分)
假设你是李华,你的外国朋友Terry最近学习了“井底之蛙”这个成语,发邮件向你询问它的相关内容,请你用英语给他回复一封电子邮件。内容包括:
1.讲述它的相关故事;
2.它带给人们的启示。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.已给出的部分不计入总词数。
Dear Terry,
I’m glad to receive your email in which you want to know more about the idiom “a frog living at the bottom of a well”.Now I will give you a detailed explanation.
Yours sincerely,
Li HuaUnit 5　课时作业(二)
(分值:50分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area need 　　 　　(repair).
2.All of us agreed it is necessary 　　　　(collect) related materials before we began to write a report.
3.I think it is no good 　　　　(have) another talk with him on this matter.
4.The two girls are so alike that strangers find 　　　　 difficult to tell one from the other.
5.His job is 　　　　 (look) after the old people in the nursing home.
6.He was so 　　　　 (excite) when he heard his mother’s words that they would go for a picnic next weekend.
7.The purpose of this activity is 　　　　 (raise) money for the charity.
8.My favourite way to relax is 　　　　 (listen) to soft music.
9.His wish is 　　　　 (buy) a new car in the near future.
10.It was 　　　　 (amaze) that our class won the second place.
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
2.演奏乐器能缓解压力。
3.尽管迷路了,这位徒步旅行者还是设法找到了走出森林的路。
4.他不介意在电影院外面等你。
5.她坚持在睡前快速复习一遍笔记。
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Scientists tested the effects of new PVC pellets (聚氯乙烯颗粒) on the development of seven species,spanning all major groups of marine animals.They found exposure to high concentrations of PVC pellets prevented healthy development in all seven species.
The study,by an international team led by the Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn di Napoli (SZN) and the University of Exeter,highlights the “potentially catastrophic effects” of rising levels of plastic in the ocean.
“When exposed to high levels of new PVC pellets,the species we examined went wrong in different ways,” said the first author Dr.Jimenez-Guri.“Some failed to make a shell;some failed to form proper bilateral (两侧的) features; some just stopped developing after a few rounds of cell division.They all failed to make a viable embryo (胚胎).”
The study also examined the bad effects of plastic samples collected from beaches.While the effects were not as widespread as those of new PVC pellets,high concentrations were found to affect the development of mollusks (软体动物),including sea urchins (海胆),sea stars and sea squirts (海鞘).
Coasts and rivers are known hot spots for plastic pollution.As the species in the study all live in coastal areas,severe pollution could have a major impact.
“If you have extreme pollution at a time when these species are reproducing,then you don’t have the next generation of those species,” said Dr.Jimenez-Guri.
Explaining how plastics cause developmental abnormalities,Dr.Jimenez-Guri said plastics contain a complex variety of potentially harmful components including zinc,which are slowly released once plastic is in the water.
She added,“If we reach these extreme levels of plastic pollution at our coasts,which happens in isolated cases but is thankfully uncommon at present,many species may become unable to reproduce,with massive impacts on marine life,the wider environment and people.We need urgent action to reduce the amount of plastic entering the ocean.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了塑料中的聚氯乙烯颗粒会影响海洋生物的健康发育。
(　　)1.What is the author’s purpose of writing Paragraph 1
[A]To introduce the topic of the text.
[B]To describe the methods used in the study.
[C]To present the findings of different studies.
[D]To highlight the positive effects of PVC pellets.
(　　)2.What does the underlined word “catastrophic” in Paragraph 2 mean
[A]Creative. [B]Formal.
[C]Terrible. [D]Isolated.
(　　)3.What is Dr.Jimenez-Guri’s attitude towards the situation of marine life
[A]Positive. [B]Concerned.
[C]Conservative. [D]Indifferent.
(　　)4.Which can be the best title for the text
[A]The Role of PVC Pellets in Marine Ecosystems
[B]The Importance of Coastal Areas for Marine Life
[C]The Future of Marine Life Under Plastic Pollution
[D]The Serious Impact of PVC Pellets on Marine Life
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
Malaindrano is a giant baobab (猴面包树) tree that is hollowed out (被挖空) for the storage of water,1.　　　　 (exist) in a village in Madagascar.Malaindrano means “he who hates water”,2.　　　　 this baobab doesn’t hate water at all.It is so big that many people believe it has never been 3.　　　　 (complete) filled.Even semi-full,the trees are vital for storing water in one of Madagascar’s driest regions.Also known 4.　　　　 bottle trees because of their unique thick trunks,such baobab trees form a network of 5.　　　　 (nature) water tanks.Using them has allowed people to live in a place where rain is rare,and where the little rain that falls 6.　　　　 (absorb) quickly by the soil.
Lack of rain can lead to a lack of food.Many local people once 7.　　　　 (die) because of extreme drought.This forced the locals to come up with an idea:Hollowing out baobabs
8.　　　　 (store) water when it is abundant.A large baobab has the 9.　　　　 (able) to store about 14 m3 of water.Today,many people 10.　　　　 live in the region rely on the water in the tree to cope with the dry climate.

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