资源简介

2025-2026（下）高二英语（一）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。
1.Why do the two speakers want to go into a bar
A. Because they don’t want to be caught in the rain.
B. Because they want to have a drink.
C. Because they want to meet another friend.
2.How long will the man have to wait before the plane takes off at the airport
A. 105 minutes. B. 80 minutes. C. 75 minutes.
3.What is the woman going to buy
A. Pants suit. B. A blouse. C. A coat.
4.What can we learn from this conversation
A. Michael is playing in the garden.
B. Sally is playing in the garden.
C. Sally is not present here.
5.What kind of coffee does the man prefer
A. White coffee without sugar.
B. Coffee with sugar.
C. Coffee without milk or sugar.
第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. For which day did the man book a room finally
A. April 22nd. B. April 21st. C. April 23rd.
7. How much will the man pay for the room
A. 100 dollars. B. 99 dollars. C. 108 dollars.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
8. Why doesn’t the man book the seats downstairs
A. It’s too expensive. B. It’s too crowded. C. It’s too far.
9. When does the man plan to see the performance
A. Next Saturday. B. On October 21st. C. On October 25th.
10. How much does each upstairs ticket cost
A. $10. B. $3.75. C. $2.50.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
11. What is the possible relationship between the two speakers
A. Teacher and student. B. Classmates. C. Saleswoman and customer.
12. Where is Tom Brown working now
A. In the Spanish department.
B. At the French Company.
C. In the National Bank.
13. Which language do you think Kathy Smith teaches now
A. German. B. Spanish. C. French.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
14. Where does the conversation take place
A. In a bank. B. At an airport ticket office. C. At a police station.
15. Where was the woman’s money probably stolen
A. Near the bank.
B. On the moving stair from the underground.
C. Around the police station.
16. What’s the woman doing in the city
A. Doing a business. B. Paying a visit. C. Having lessons
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17. What was children’s education like in the past
A. Children liked to sit in the classroom for hours.
B. Children had to go on repeating things until they could learn them by heart.
C. Children could think and learn by themselves.
18. What do we learn from the passage
A. Children today like staying in school.
B. Some children today hate to get out of the classroom when the teachers ask them to.
C. Something should be done to encourage children to learn by themselves.
19. Why can’t some of the children find jobs
A. They are too young to do so.
B. Their parents won’t allow them to do so.
C. The teachers won’t help them do so.
20. What do many teachers consider
A. Wondering if they can make children learn.
B. Wondering if children can learn by themselves.
C. Wondering what they should do to help children learn.
二、阅读理解（每小题 2.5 分，共 50 分）
第一节（共 40 分）
A
Ultimate Bucket List Wildlife Adventures
The science of biodiversity: Costa Rica
4 November 2025| 13 days
Join an extraordinary expedition to Costa Rica, a top biodiverse country in the world.
Explore the country’s wealth of ecosystems, including primary rainforests and volcanic zones. Enjoy guided walks around several reserves and national parks with local conservationists.
·Stay in hotels and eco-houses within the forest
Insect and ecosystems expedition safari (游猎): Sri Lanka
30 March 2026| 11 days
Journey into the heart of Sri Lanka on this unique insect and ecosystems-focused
expedition, from thick forests and misty highlands to tropical rainforests and lowland grasslands.
·Enjoy morning and evening safaris in Udawalawe National Park
Alaskan brown bear, ecology and wilderness adventure
9 August 2026| 6 days
Dive into the wild heart of Alaska for an unequaled encounter with brown bears in their
natural environment. Guided by expert naturalists, gain fascinating insights into bear ecology. Arrive via a private flight flying over rough mountain ranges and glacier-capped volcanoes.
Stay at a small remote bear camp on Cook Inlet in luxury tent cabins
Marine conservation cruise exploring Darwin’s Galapagos
24 August 2026| 8 days
Discover the biodiversity of the Galapagos Islands, which inspired Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. Accompanied throughout by passionate naturalist James Costa, who will bring the
islands to life through dynamic lectures and engaging discussions.
Sail aboard the small sailboat, accommodating just 15 guests
1 ．What do the adventures in Costa Rica and Alaska have in common
A ．They focus on bear ecology. B ．They offer luxury tent cabins.
C ．They provide guidance from specialists. D ．They conduct in-depth exploration of volcanoes.
2 ．What can visitors do during the Galapagos cruise
A ．Learn sailing skills. B ．Attend educational talks.
C ．Join a large tourist group. D ．Participate in conservation work.
3 ．Where is this text probably taken from
A ．A travel brochure. B ．A wildlife report. C ．A biology textbook. D ．An adventure blog.
B
Back in 2003, Erica Hernandez was just a kid helping 20 adults take care of the beach.
They overheard a plan to build a processing station for natural gas 14 miles off the coast of
Oxnard. The plant would send over 200 tons of air pollution per year to Erica’s community. Not only that, the station would take in millions of gallons of seawater per day to cool its generators, and discharge the water more than 15 degrees centigrade hotter than the surrounding ocean. This hot wastewater would cause serious harm to the surrounding ecosystem, killing tiny creatures and small fish critical to the survival of marine mammals and fisheries.
Erica cared too much to stay silent. She joined her friends in weekly protests at the office of the natural gas company. Prospects of stopping the project did not look good. The governor was in favor of it, and so were the powerful state commissions that would have to approve it. “The word
on the street was that there was nothing we could do.”
Behind the scenes, however, opposition was growing, so Erica became the spokesperson for the youth of the town. She regularly walked her neighborhood along the route of the proposed
pipeline, using a hula hoop to show people the size of the pipe that would pass by their houses.
She talked to the media, and stories about the dangers ofthe proposed facility began appearing in the press. “We made thousands of phone calls and sent thousands of postcards telling the governor why this facility was a bad idea.” In July 2007, the governor made an unexpected move: He turned down the project. Erica and her friends won!
As only the second person in her family to go to college, Erica wants to become an
environmental lawyer so she can fight for the environment and for the rights of communities. She wants other young people to speak out when they see something wrong, even if they feel shy
about it at first. She likes to quote the words of her role model, César Chávez: “We are the future. The future is ours.”
4 ．What can be learned about the to-be-built processing station
A ．It is climate-damaging. B ．It is ecologically-unfriendly.
C ．It provides energy to the locals. D ．It uses seawater-driven generators.
5 ．Why does the author mention the governor
A ．To express Erica’s desperate mood. B ．To show the great barriers Erica faced.
C．To stress the support from the government. D．To blame the protest on the official’s inaction.
6 ．Which of the following can best describe Erica
A ．Creative and industrious. B ．Pioneering and curious.
C ．Determined and responsible. D ．Adventurous and talkative.
7 ．What message is mainly conveyed through Erica’s story
A ．Courage is always rewarded in the end.
B ．Success depends on teamwork and cooperation.
C ．Young people can bring about change by speaking up.
D ．Environmental protection should come before economic development.
C
Readers may be familiar with the humorous idea that humans are only the third-cleverest
species on Earth after mice and dolphins. But perhaps Douglas Adams should have included
dolphins’ cetacean cousins. In a paper just published in Open Mind, CETI researchers describe a strikingly human-like feature in whale communication. Sperm whales communicate using a series of clicks researchers call “codas”, which look a lot like vowels in human languages.
For linguists, vowels are characterized by the free flow of air through a vibrating vocal
tract. In contrast, consonants involve disruptions ofthe airflow. A vowel’s basic pitch(technically called F0)is determined by the speaker’s sex and body size. But by moving tongue and lips we
shape the sound into higher-pitched “formants”(F1, F2, F3, etc.). Whether we hear an “ah” or an “ee” depends on the relationship between these formants.
To humans, sperm-whale codas do not sound like pitches at all; the clicks are much too
infrequent and irregular. The clicks become a continuous tone only when they occur 20 to 40
times per second. But when the whales’ silences were removed in software, the researchers could consider them as pitches nevertheless, and look more closely at their other qualities.
The next step was taken with the help of artificial intelligence(AI). The researchers used an AI system trained to learn human language to examine the codas. Gasper Begus, a linguist at the University of California and the study’s lead author, says that the AI led them to study the pitch
patterns of the clicks — ones that work like human vowel sounds.
Sure enough, the whale codas contained two sound patterns resembling those in the F1 and F2 formants of human vowels, but at a much lower pitch. Based on this resemblance, the
researchers called them the a-coda and i-coda vowels. They even found that whales could produce diphthongs — two vowels gliding quickly from one to another, like the ah-ee sound in English
words like “ride” and “time”. The whales do all this often in what researchers call
“conversations”.
Exactly what the whales may be saying to each other remains unknown — although
working that out is CETI’s eventual goal. That will require a large body of vocalizations to study, as well as an equally big number of observations of how the animals behave and interact with each other.
8 ．Why does the author refer to Douglas Adams’s joke about mice, dolphins and humans
A ．To illustrate a point B ．To give an example
C ．To make a comparison D ．To introduce a topic
9 ．What does the word “disruptions” underlined in paragraph 2 mean
A ．complete stops B ．breaks in flow C ．increases in speed D ．extra energy
10 ．What do we know about sperm whales from the passage
A ．They communicate in quite a similar way to humans.
B ．They produce continuous clicks that sound like pitches.
C ．They create click patterns resembling human vowels.
D ．They could produce diphthongs like “ride” and “time”.
11 ．What can we infer about the CETI researchers from the last paragraph
A ．They have paid more attention to the whales’ vocalizations than to their behaviors.
B ．They have uncovered the nature of the whales’ social behaviors and interactions.
C ．They will decode the whales’ calls by observing their behaviors and interactions.
D ．They will carry out more research to better understand the whales’ conversations.
D
Philosophers suffer from a bad reputation for dry and dull expression. The ideals for most philosophical writing are precision, clarity, and the sort of conceptual analysis that leaves no hair un-split.
There is nothing wrong with clarity, precision, and the like but this isn’t the only approach to philosophical inquiry. Outside academic journals, abstract philosophical ideas are often
expressed through literature, cinema, and music. Nothing captures attention quite like an
appealing tale, and there exist profoundly philosophical stories that engage and delight, rather than lull the reader to sleep.
One of the great things about this is that, unlike formal philosophy, which strives to be very clear, stories don’t wear their meanings on their sleeve — they require interpretation, and often
express conflicting ideas for the reader to wrestle with.
Consider what philosophers term the metaphysics (形而上学) of race — an area of
philosophy that explores the question of whether race is real. Three primary positions can be
adopted on this matter. One might think that a person’s race is written in their genes (a position
known as “biological realism”). Alternatively, one might view race as socially constructed, similar to concepts like weekdays or currencies (“social constructionism”). Finally, one might argue that
races are unreal — more comparable to mythical creatures like dragons and unicorns than to Thursdays or dollars (“anti-realism”).
In Black No More, George Schuyler offers a social constructionist perspective on race. The story follows a Black scientist named Crookman who invents a procedure that makes Black people visually indistinguishable from Whites. Thousands of African Americans flock to Crookman’s
Black No More clinics and pay him their hard-earned cash to undergo the procedure. White racists can no longer distinguish those people who are “really” White from those who merely appear to
be White. In a concluding episode, Crookman discovers that new Whites are actually a whiter
shade of pale than those who were born that way, which kicks off a trend of sunbathing to darken one’s skin so as to look more authentically White.
Philosophically rich stories such as this breathe vitality into more technical philosophical works. They serve as narratives to think with, providing vivid, engaging access to complex abstract debates.
12 ．What is a crucial difference between formal philosophy and stories
A ．Stories are intended to be more precise.
B ．Formal philosophy avoids abstract ideas.
C ．Stories inspire appreciation and critical thinking.
D ．Formal philosophy exists in academic journals only.
13 ．Which category might “national identity” fall into according to paragraph 4
A ．Biological realism. B ．Anti-realism.
C ．Social constructionism. D ．Literary realism.
14 ．What message is conveyed in the novel Black No More
A ．Race is actually real. B ．Race is entirely fictional.
C ．Race is biologically fixed. D ．Race is socially shaped.
15 ．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this text
A ．To criticize philosophical writing for being boring.
B ．To argue that stories are superior to formal philosophy.
C ．To detail three metaphysical perspectives regarding race.
D ．To demonstrate literature’s capacity to explore philosophy.
第二节 七选五（10 分）
Sleep inertia (惰性) is a short-term feeling of sleepiness you can experience after waking up from a short sleep or long sleep. Sleep inertia can cause both mental and physical symptoms (症
状), such as experiencing slow reaction times and being in a bad mood. These symptoms are most noticeable immediately after waking up. 16 However, some people may experience
sleep inertia symptoms for up to two hours.
When you sleep, your body cycles through several stages of sleep. ____17____ Sleep
inertia seems to happen when this awakening process is disrupted (打断). Sleep inertia is more likely to happen when you’ve woken up suddenly from the deep sleep stage, or when you’ve woken up during the middle of the night.
18 One idea is that deep sleep brain waves haven’t weakened yet when you wake. Another possibility is that too much adenosine, a sleep chemical, builds up and causes sleepiness. Other experts think sleep inertia may also occur because sudden waking reduces blood flow to the brain.
Sleep inertia is common and considered to be a normal experience. But some people may be more likely to experience sleep inertia. For example, duty workers often experience sleep
inertia due to irregular sleep schedules. And people with mental health issues like anxiety and depression, often experience sleep disorders. 19
To reduce sleep inertia, experts recommend improving your sleep habits. This involves following a regular sleep-wake schedule by going to bed and getting up at the same times every day. 20 If you nap during the day, keep the nap under 30minutes, as this helps avoid deep sleep and waking sleepiness.
A ．These factors can make waking up harder.
B ．Sleep inertia becomes less common with age.
C ．In most cases, sleep inertia is a normal experience.
D ．For most, sleepiness disappears within half an hour.
E ．Your body needs time to adapt to waking up from sleep.
F ．Experts have suggested some explanations for sleep inertia.
G ．It also includes getting at least seven hours of sleep per night.
三、完形填空（15 分）
A few weeks ago, while accidentally listening to a radio programme, a piece about laughter caught my ear. I was the health benefits claimed by the presenters. I wondered if it
was possible to add more into my days, or if this was just a deeply idea born from too many coffees Curious and slightly excited, I decided to begin my journey
laughter.
At first, the task felt strange. I asked friends and family to _________ me with “funny
memories”. However, they either said they’d get back to me and didn’t, or pointed me to online videos.
Next, I “laughter yoga” recommended online. Laughter yoga, I discovered, was a combination of facial expressions and fake chuckles (假笑) that, when together,
result in a farewell ceremony to any pride you ever had. I kept , until looked up at my two-year-old son who was by my expressions. His concern caught me off guard and ultimately I laughing, — although I refused to laughter yoga for this.
Changing your diet can also raise your , experts say, but I didn’t try that. Perhaps I
should have gone to the HahaHouse Museum of Laughter in Croatia, but the cost of getting there would have made my laughter .
Ultimately, what I realised is that it’s not particularly _________ to try and create daily
laughter. Those “funny memories” should be cared for and in moments of sadness or nostalgia. But do stay away from laughter yoga.
21 ．A ．confident about B ．interested in C ．satisfied with
D ．disappointed by
22 ．A ．comfort B ．exercise C ．laughter D ．adventure
23 ．A ．original B ．brilliant C ．familiar D ．strange
24 ．A ．in search of B ．in exchange for C ．in comparison with D ．in charge of
25 ．A ．shock B ．inform C ．amuse D ．remind
26 ．A ．tried B ．taught C ．promoted D ．introduced
27 ．A ．simplified B ．transformed C ．described D ．performed
28 ．A ．practising B ．observing C ．pointing D ．listening
29 ．A ．amazed B ．touched C ．frightened D ．encouraged
30 ．A ．gave up B ．ended up C ．took to D ．turned to
31 ．A ．save B ．provide C ．credit D ．prepare
32 ．A ．influence B ．spirits C ．awareness D ．standards
33 ．A ．flow B ．spread C ．ring D ．disappear
34 ．A ．uncommon B ．challenging C ．inappropriate D ．sensible
35 ．A ．predictable B ．accessible C ．typical D ．different
四、语法填空（15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Scots may well have standardized golf as we know it, making 36 a game of
18 holes. But it is still uncertain 37 first came up with the idea. The Romans played a
game called paganica, in which a ball stuffed with feathers and wool 38 (hit) with a bent stick, while the Dutch played a stick-and-ball game called colf as early as the 13th century.
But the most interesting — and in many ways convincing — evidence ever 39
(document) of an early version of golf comes from China. A game called chuiwan became popular in the Song dynasty. Players used ten clubs to hit wooden balls towards ____40____ (bright)
coloured flags — sound familiar They had a club for long distances, a precursor (前身) of the modern-day driver, and the tee was called the ji, or base 41 English.
There was even an early version ofthe R&A Rules of Golf: Wan Jing, or The Classic of the Ball, published during the Yuan dynasty. It ____42____ (lay) out the rules, and placed great
43 (emphasize) on sportsmanship and correct behaviour — similar to modern golf.
There’s also a reference in an ancient book to an official of the Southern Tang dynasty
44 (tell) his daughter to “dig holes in the ground” so he could hit a ball into them using a special stick.
The game seems 45 (die) out in China during the Qing dynasty, but it certainly qualifies as a royal and ancient game.
五、书面表达（40 分）
第一节（15 分）
46 ．假定你是李华，你校英文报正在开展题为“My Experience of Environmental Protection”的
故事大赛。请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
（1） 你参与的一次环保活动；
（2） 该经历对你个人的影响。
注意：
（1） 写作词数应为 80 个左右；
（2） 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My Experience of Environmental Protection
第二节 （25 分）
47 ．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When my daughters reached third and fourth grades, I sometimes allowed them to walk to and from school alone if the weather permitted. One warm spring day, a small friend followed
them home after school. This friend had short legs and long floppy (松垂的) ears, with a furry
coat and tiny spots across her nose. She was the cutest puppy I had ever seen and my girls begged me to keep her.
She was not more than twelve weeks old. She had no identifying marks of any sort. I didn’t know what to do. I thought about running an ad in the Lost and Found but I really didn’t want to. It would break the kids’ hearts if someone should show up. Besides, her owners should have
watched her more closely, I thought.
By the end of the week she was part of our family. She was very clever and good with the girls. The following week something told me to check the Lost and Found section in the local
paper. One particular ad caught my attention and my heart sank. Someone was searching for a lost puppy near our grade school. He sounded desperate. My hands shook. I could not ask myself to
pick up the phone.
Instead, I pretended I hadn’t seen the ad. I quickly put the paper aside and tried to ignore it.
I never said anything about it to the kids or my husband.
We named the puppy Molly. She followed the girls everywhere they went. When they went outside, she was one step behind them. When they did housework, she was there to help.
There was only one problem with this perfect dog: My conscience (良心) was bothering me. I knew in my heart I had to call that number and see if our Molly was the puppy the person was
desperately looking for.
注意：
1 ．续写词数应为 150 左右；
2 ．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
With mixed feelings, Ifinally picked up the phone.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Opening the door, I saw a woman with a little girl sitting in a small wheelchair.
1 ．C 2 ．B 3 ．A
这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了哥斯达黎加、斯里兰卡、阿拉斯加和加拉帕戈斯群岛四处生态探险行程，聚焦野生动物观察与自然保护。
1 ．细节理解题。根据 The science of biodiversity: Costa Rica 部分“Enjoy guided walks around several reserves and national parks with local conservationists.(与当地的环保专家一同在多个保护区和国家公园内进行有导游带领的徒步旅行)”和 Alaskan brown bear, ecology and
wilderness adventure 部分“Guided by expert naturalists, gain fascinating insights into bear
ecology.(在经验丰富的自然学家的带领下，你将深入了解熊类的生态习性，收获诸多令人着迷的见解)”可知，二者的共同点是由专家提供指导。故选 C。
2．细节理解题。根据最后一部分“Accompanied throughout by passionate naturalist James Costa, who will bring the islands to life through dynamic lectures and engaging discussions.(在整个过程中，都会有一位充满激情的自然学家詹姆斯·科斯塔相伴左右。他将通过生动的讲座和精彩的讨论，让这些岛屿栩栩如生地呈现在大家面前)”可知，在加拉帕戈斯群岛的游轮之旅中，游客们可以参加教育讲座。故选 B。
3 ．推理判断题。根据文章标题“Ultimate Bucket List Wildlife Adventures(终极野生动物探险清单)”以及本文介绍了哥斯达黎加、斯里兰卡、阿拉斯加和加拉帕戈斯群岛四处生态探险行程，聚焦野生动物观察与自然保护。可知，这篇文章可能来自于旅游宣传册。故选 A。
4 ．B 5 ．B 6 ．C 7 ．C
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Erica Hernandez 为阻止对生态环境有害的天然气处理站建设，积极组织抗议活动，最终成功推动项目被否决，并立志成为环保律师，鼓励年轻人勇敢发声的故事。
4 ．细节理解题。根据第一段“This hot wastewater would cause serious harm to the surrounding ecosystem, killing tiny creatures and small fish critical to the survival of marine mammals and
fisheries.(这些高温废水会对周围生态系统造成严重危害，杀死对海洋哺乳动物和渔业生存至关重要的微小生物和小鱼。)”可知，拟建的处理站会对生态系统造成严重危害，即生态不友好。故选 B。
5 ．推理判断题。根据第二段“The governor was in favor of it, and so were the powerful state
commissions that would have to approve it.(州长支持它，那些必须批准它的强大的州委员会也支持它。)”可知，作者提到州长是为了表明 Erica 在阻止项目时面临的巨大障碍。故选 B。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段“She joined her friends in weekly protests at the office of the natural
gas company.(她和朋友们每周都在天然气公司办公室抗议。)” 以及第三段“She regularly
walked her neighborhood along the route of the proposed pipeline, using a hula hoop to show
people the size of the pipe that would pass by their houses.(她经常沿着拟议的管道路线在社区行走，用呼啦圈向人们展示管道的大小。)”等行为可知，Erica 面对强大阻力仍坚持抗议，积极行动，体现出她的坚定与责任感。故选 C。
7 ．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“She wants other young people to speak out when they see
something wrong, even if they feel shy about it at first.(她希望其他年轻人在看到问题时勇敢发声，即使一开始会感到害羞。)” 以及她的事迹可知，文章主要传达的信息是年轻人可以通过发声带来改变。故选 C。
(
.
.
.
.
)8 D 9 B 10 C 11 D
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究发现，抹香鲸的咔哒交流声（尾音）与人类元音的音峰模式高度相似，甚至能发出双元音。目前其具体含义仍未知，研究人员将开展更多研究以破解它们的交流内容。
8 ．推理判断题。根据第一段“Readers may be familiar with the humorous idea that humans are only the third-cleverest species on Earth after mice and dolphins. But perhaps Douglas Adams
should have included dolphins ’ cetacean cousins. In a paper just published in Open Mind, CETI
researchers describe a strikingly human-like feature in whale communication. Sperm whales
communicate using a series of clicks researchers call “codas”, which look a lot like vowels in
human languages.( 读者们或许都听说过这样一个有趣的说法：人类在地球上仅次于老鼠和海豚的智力排名中仅位列第三。但或许道格拉斯·亚当斯本应该把海豚的鲸类近亲也纳入其中。在刚刚发表于《开放思维》杂志的一篇论文中，CETI 研究人员描述了鲸鱼交流中一个与人类极为相似的特征。抹香鲸通过一系列的咔哒声进行交流，研究人员将这些咔哒声称为“尾音” ，它们看起来与人类语言中的元音非常相似。)”可知，文章开头用幽默的说法引出海豚、鲸鱼这类动物，随后转入核心话题：鲸鱼的交流方式存在类似人类语言的特征。引用笑话的目的是引出本文主题。故选 D 项。
9 ．词句猜测题。划线词所在句中的“In contrast(相比之下)”一词明确和前一句建立了对比关系。前一句“For linguists, vowels are characterized by the free flow of air through a vibrating
vocal tract.( 对于语言学家来说，元音的特点是空气在振动的声道中自由流动。)”指出“元音的特点是气流自由通过振动的声道” ，由此可推断，后一句所描述的辅音应与“ 自由通过”形成相反情况，即气流会受到某种阻碍或干扰。因此，“disruptions”在此语境中应理解为“气流
的中断或阻断” 。故选 B。
10．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Sperm whales communicate using a series of clicks researchers call “codas”, which look a lot like vowels in human languages.( 抹香鲸通过一系列的咔哒声进行交流，研究人员将这些咔哒声称为“尾音” ，它们看起来与人类语言中的元音非常相似。)”以及第五段中“Sure enough, the whale codas contained two sound patterns resembling those in
the F1 and F2 formants of human vowels, but at a much lower pitch.( 果然，鲸鱼的尾音包含了两种类似于人类元音 F1 和 F2 形成频率的音调模式，但音调要低得多。)”可知，抹香鲸的尾音（咔哒声模式）与人类元音相似。故选 C 项。
11 ．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Exactly what the whales may be saying to each other remains unknown — although working that out is CETI’s eventual goal. That will require a large body of vocalizations to study, as well as an equally big number of observations of how the animals
behave and interact with each other.( 至于鲸鱼之间究竟在彼此传达什么信息， 目前仍不得而知——尽管弄清楚这一点是 CETI 的最终目标。这将需要大量的声音记录来进行研究，同时还需要对这些动物的行为以及它们之间的互动进行大量的观察。)”可推知，目前仍未弄懂鲸鱼的交流内容，研究人员需要开展更多研究。故选 D 项。
12 ．C 13 ．C 14 ．D 15 ．D
这是一篇议论文。哲学家常被认为枯燥晦涩，而文学故事能生动表达哲学思想。文章以《不再是黑人》为例，说明故事可助力读者理解种族等抽象哲学问题。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段“One of the great things about this is that, unlike formal philosophy, which strives to be very clear, stories don’t wear their meanings on their sleeve — they require
interpretation, and often express conflicting ideas for the reader to wrestle with.(其优点之一在于，与严谨的哲学相比，故事并不刻意追求清晰明了。故事不会将其含义一览无余地展现在读者面前——它们需要读者去解读，而且往往会表达出相互矛盾的观点，让读者去思考和理解)”可知，正式的哲学与故事之间存在的一个关键的区别是故事能够激发人们的欣赏能力和批判性思维。故选 C。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段“Alternatively, one might view race as socially constructed, similar to concepts like weekdays or currencies (“social constructionism”).(或者，人们也可以将种族视为一种社会建构的概念，类似于“工作日”或“货币”这类概念（“社会建构论”）)”可知，“ 民族认同”属于社会建构主义。故选 C。
14 ．细节理解题。根据“In Black No More, George Schuyler offers a social constructionist
perspective on race.( 在《不再是黑人》这部作品中，乔治 舒勒就种族问题提出了社会建构
主义的观点)”可知，小说《不再是黑人》表达了种族是由社会所塑造的。故选 D。
15 ．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Philosophically rich stories such as this breathe vitality into
more technical philosophical works. They serve as narratives to think with, providing vivid,
engaging access to complex abstract debates.(像这样的富有哲理的故事能够为更为专业的哲学著作注入活力。它们充当了思考的载体，为复杂的抽象辩论提供了生动且引人入胜的阐释途径)”可知，作者撰写这篇文章的主要目的是展示文学在探讨哲学方面的能力。故选 D。
16 ．D 17 ．E 18 ．F 19 ．A 20 ．G
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了睡眠惰性的定义、成因、易发病人群及缓解方法，说明其是正常现象且可通过良好睡眠习惯改善。
16 ．由上文“These symptoms are most noticeable immediately after waking up.(这些症状在醒来后立即最为明显。)”以及下文“However, some people may experience sleep inertia symptoms for up to two hours.(然而，有些人可能会经历长达两小时的睡眠惰性症状。)”可知，前文说明睡眠惰性症状醒来后立即显现，下文用转折指出部分人持续时间长，空格处应说明大多数人的症状持续时间，D 项“For most, sleepiness disappears within half an hour.(对大多数人来说，困倦感会在半小时内消失。)”符合此处语境，与下文形成转折对比，其中“sleepiness”对应上文“sleep inertia symptoms” 。故选 D 项。
17 ．由上文“When you sleep, your body cycles through several stages of sleep.(当你睡觉时，你的身体会经历几个睡眠阶段。)” 以及下文“Sleep inertia seems to happen when this awakening process is disrupted (打断).(当这个觉醒过程被打断时，似乎就会出现睡眠惰性。)”可知，前文提到睡眠阶段，下文引出觉醒过程被打断的影响，空格处应衔接睡眠与觉醒的过渡，E 项“Your body needs time to adapt to waking up from sleep.(你的身体需要时间来适应从睡眠中醒来。)”符合此处语境，其中“waking up from sleep”对应下文“awakening process”，起到承上启下的作用。故选 E 项。
18 ．由下文“One idea is that deep sleep brain waves haven’t weakened yet when you wake.
Another possibility is that too much adenosine, a sleep chemical, builds up and causes sleepiness. Other experts think sleep inertia may also occur because sudden waking reduces blood flow to the brain.(一种观点是，当你醒来时，深度睡眠的脑电波还没有减弱。另一种可能性是，过多的腺苷（一种睡眠化学物质）积累会导致困倦。其他专家认为，睡眠惰性也可能因为突然醒来
减少了流向大脑的血液而发生。)”可知，下文列举了专家对睡眠惰性的几种解释，空格处应总起该内容，F 项“Experts have suggested some explanations for sleep inertia.(专家们对睡眠惰性提出了一些解释。)”符合此处语境，总起下文的具体解释内容。故选 F 项。
19 ．由上文“For example, duty workers often experience sleep inertia due to irregular sleep
schedules. And people with mental health issues like anxiety and depression, often experience
sleep disorders.(例如，值班人员由于不规律的睡眠时间经常会经历睡眠惰性。而有焦虑和抑郁等心理健康问题的人，经常会经历睡眠障碍。)”可知，前文列举了容易经历睡眠惰性的人群及原因，空格处应说明这些原因的影响，A 项“These factors can make waking up harder.(这些因素会让醒来变得更困难。)”符合此处语境，其中“These factors”指代上文“irregular sleep schedules”和“sleep disorders” ，承接上文逻辑。故选 A 项。
20．由上文“This involves following a regular sleep-wake schedule by going to bed and getting up at the same times every day.(这包括遵循规律的作息时间表，每天在同一时间睡觉和起床。)”以及下文“If you nap during the day, keep the nap under 30minutes, as this helps avoid deep sleep and waking sleepiness.(如果你白天小睡，保持小睡时间在 30 分钟以内，因为这有助于避免深度睡眠和醒来后的困倦。)”可知，前文和下文均是改善睡眠习惯、减少睡眠惰性的具体建议，空格处应补充相关建议，G 项“It also includes getting at least seven hours of sleep per night.(它还包括每晚至少睡 7 小时。)”符合此处语境，其中 It 指代上文“improving your sleep habits”， “also”承接上文的作息建议，与下文小睡建议形成并列。故选 G 项。
21 ．B 22 ．C 23 ．D 24 ．A 25 ．C 26 ．A 27 ．D 28 ．A
29 ．C 30 ．B 31 ．C 32 ．B 33 ．D 34 ．D 35 ．B
本文是一篇记叙文。作者偶然听到广播中关于笑对健康有益的内容， 决定尝试在生活中多笑，尝试多种方法后感悟到刻意制造笑声并不明智，应珍惜有趣回忆。
21．考查形容词短语辨析。句意： 我对主持人所宣称的健康益处很感兴趣。A. confident about对 自信；B. interested in 对 感兴趣；C. satisfied with 对 满意；D. disappointed by对 失望。根据前文“a piece about laughter caught my ear”可知，关于笑的内容吸引了作者，说明作者对此感兴趣。故选 B 项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意： 我想知道是否有可能在我的日常生活中增加更多笑声，或者这只是一个因喝太多咖啡而产生的奇怪想法？A. comfort 安慰；B. exercise 锻炼；C. laughter笑声；D. adventure 冒险。根据前文围绕“laughter”展开，所以作者是想在生活中加入更多笑
(
声
故选
C
项
)。 。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想知道是否有可能在我的日常生活中增加更多笑声，或者这只是一个因喝太多咖啡而产生的奇怪想法？A. original 原创的；B. brilliant 杰出的；C. familiar 熟悉的；D. strange 奇怪的。根据后文“At first, the task felt strange”可知，作者一开始觉得这个想法很奇怪。故选 D 项。
24．考查介词短语辨析。句意：怀着好奇和些许兴奋，我决定开始我的寻找笑声之旅。A. in search of 寻找；B. in exchange for 交换；C. in comparison with 与 比较；D. in charge of 负责。根据前文“I wondered if it was possible to add more into my days”可知，作者想要在生活中增加笑声，因此开启寻找笑声的旅程。故选 A 项。
25 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我让朋友和家人用“有趣的回忆”逗我笑。A. shock 使震惊； B. inform 通知；C. amuse 逗乐；D. remind 提醒。根据后文“funny memories”可知，作者想让家人朋友用有趣回忆逗自己开心。故选 C 项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来，我尝试了网上推荐的“笑瑜伽”。A. tried 尝试；B. taught教；C. promoted 促进；D. introduced 介绍。根据后文“Laughter yoga, I discovered, was a
combination of facial expressions and fake chuckles”可知，作者亲自体验后了解了笑瑜伽，说明是尝试了笑瑜伽。故选 A 项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我发现，笑瑜伽是面部表情和假笑的结合，当一起做这些动作时，会让你所有的自尊心都荡然无存。A. simplified 简化；B. transformed 转化；C. described描述；D. performed 做，执行。根据“facial expressions and fake chuckles (假笑)”可知，这些表情和假笑需要被做出来。故选 D 项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直练习，直到抬头看到我两岁的儿子，他被我的表情吓到了。A. practising 练习；B. observing 观察；C. pointing 指向；D. listening 听。根据后文“until looked up at my two-year-old son who was by my expressions”可知，作者一直在重复这些面部表情和假笑，一直在练习。故选 A 项。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我一直练习，直到抬头看到我两岁的儿子，他被我的表情吓到了。A. amazed 惊讶的；B. touched 感动的；C. frightened 害怕的；D. encouraged 受鼓舞的。根据后文“His concern caught me off guard”可知，儿子对作者的表情感到担忧害怕。故选C 项。
30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他的担忧让我措手不及，最终我笑了出来——尽管我不把这归功于笑瑜伽。A. gave up 放弃；B. ended up 最终；C. took to 喜欢；D. turned to 转向。根据
前文“ultimately”可知，虽然并不认为是笑瑜伽的作用，作者最终还是笑了。故选 B 项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的担忧让我措手不及，最终我笑了出来——尽管我不把这归功于笑瑜伽。A. save 节省；B. provide 提供；C. credit 认为是 的功劳；D. prepare 准备。根据前文“His concern caught me off guard and ultimately I laughing”可知，是儿子的反应让作者笑了，所以作者不认为自己发笑是笑瑜伽的功劳。故选 C 项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：专家说，改变饮食也能提升情绪，但我没有尝试。A. influence影响；B. spirits 情绪；C. awareness 意识；D. standards 标准。根据前文全文围绕“laughter”展开，提升情绪与笑的主题一致。故选 B 项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许我应该去克罗地亚的哈哈屋笑声博物馆，但去那里的费用会让我的笑声消失。A. flow 流动；B. spread 传播；C. ring 响；D. disappear 消失。根据“the cost of getting there”可推知，高昂费用会让作者笑不出来，笑声消失。故选 D 项。
34 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最终，我意识到尝试刻意制造日常笑声并不是特别明智。 A. uncommon 不寻常的；B. challenging 有挑战的；C. inappropriate 不恰当的；D. sensible 明智的。根据后文“But do stay away from laughter yoga” 可知，作者否定刻意制造笑声的行为，认为此举不明智。故选 D 项。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那些“有趣的回忆”应该被珍惜，在悲伤或怀旧的时刻可以随时获取。A. predictable 可预测的；B. accessible 可获取的；C. typical 典型的；D. different不同的。根据“in moments of sadness or nostalgia”可知，有趣回忆应在需要时能被想起和可获取。故选 B 项。
36 ．it 37 ．who 38 ．was hit 39 ．documented 40 ．brightly 41 ．in
42 ．laid 43 ．emphasis 44 ．telling 45 ．to have died
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了高尔夫运动的起源存在不确定性， 且早期版本的相关证据显示其可能源于中国。
36 ．考查代词。句意：苏格兰人很可能将我们所熟知的高尔夫运动标准化，使其成为一项
18 洞的运动。此处指代前面的 golf，作 making 的宾语，用代词 it。故填 it。
37 ．考查主语从句。句意：但目前仍不确定是谁首先提出了这个想法。句中 it 作形式主语，空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指人，需用连接代词 who 引导。故填 who。
38．考查动词时态和语态。句意： 罗马人玩一种叫做 paganica 的游戏，用弯曲的棍子击打塞满羽毛和羊毛的球，而荷兰人在 13 世纪早期就玩一种叫做 colf 的棍球游戏。根据 played 和
as early as the 13th century 可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，定语从句的主语 a ball 和 hit 为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，be 动词用 was 。故填 was hit。
39．考查非谓语动词。句意：但迄今为止，关于高尔夫早期版本的最有趣的——在许多方面也是最有说服力的——证据来自中国。句子谓语动词是 comes from，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词 evidence，document 和与其逻辑主语 evidence 为被动关系，需用过去分词形式。故填 documented。
40 ．考查副词。句意：玩家们用十根球杆将木球击向颜色鲜艳的旗帜——听起来很熟悉吧？修饰形容词 coloured 需用副词 brightly“明亮地；鲜明地”作状语。故填 brightly。
41．考查介词。句意：他们有一种用于长距离的球杆，是现代一号木杆的前身，而发球台在英语中被称为“ji”或“base” 。in English 为固定短语，意为“用英语” 。故填 in。
42．考查动词时态。句意：它制定了规则，并非常强调体育精神和正确的行为——类似于现代高尔夫。此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，lay 的过去式是 laid ，lay out 为固定搭配，意为“制定，列出” 。故填 laid。
43．考查名词。句意同上。空处需填 emphasize 的名词形式 emphasis 作宾语，place emphasis on 为固定短语，意为“强调” 。故填 emphasis。
44 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：在一本古籍中还提到南唐的一位官员告诉他的女儿“在地上挖洞” ，这样他就可以用一根特殊的棍子把球打进洞里。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词 official ，tell 与其逻辑主语 official 为主动关系，需用现在分词形式。故填 telling。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种运动在清朝时期似乎在中国已经消亡，但它无疑是一种皇室和古老的运动。seem to do sth.为固定短语，意为“似乎做某事”，根据 during the Qing dynasty可知，此处表示已经消亡，需用动词不定式的完成式 to have done 。故填 to have died。
46 ． My Experience of Environmental Protection
Last summer, Ijoined a community cleanup at a nearby riverbank. Armed with gloves and bags, my classmates and I spent the morning collecting plastic bottles, wrappers, and other litter that polluted the water and harmed wildlife. Though the work was tiring under the hot sun, seeing the cleared bank and cleaner water filled us with pride.
This experience deeply influenced me. It made me realize that even small individual actions can create positive change. Since then, I have become more conscious of reducing waste, reusing items, and encouraging others to protect our environment.
47 ．范文
With mixed feelings, Ifinally picked up the phone. Secretly I was praying no one would
answer, but a woman did. As I described the dog to her in detail, her voice shook with excitement and she wanted to come over right away. Within minutes I heard a vehicle stop at the driveway
and some footsteps stop at the door. Head cradled in my hands and heart hammering, I had a thousand thoughts crossing my mind: I could pretend I wasn’t home or tell her “I’m sorry you have the wrong address”. But it was too late. The bell rang and Molly was barking.
Opening the door, Isaw a woman with a little girl sitting in a small wheelchair. One look at Molly, the little girl’s face lit up. “Here, Lucy,” she yelled. “Come here!” Molly instantly obeyed, wagging her tail wildly. My heart sank. Seemingly sensing my feelings, the woman explained that Lucy (Molly) was more than just a puppy to her daughter, who was left crippled for life in an
accident. “Lucy gave her a reason to live,” she choked. Suddenly I felt relieved. As they pulled out of the drive, I smiled, knowing I had done the right thing—that puppy was exactly where she
belonged.

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