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2025 学年第二学期高二英语期中诊断试卷
2026. 4 (本试卷满分 115 分 考试时间 105 分钟)
I. Grammar and Vocabulary (20’)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and
grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Empires in Conversation
Despite the thousands of miles separating them and the big differences in their peoples,two rulers in 17th-century Europe and China were nevertheless the driving force behind a grand
cultural exchange.
The two men were the Kangxi Emperor of China’s Qing Dynasty and King Louis XIV of France. A symbolic image from the period captured the exchange: European ambassadors (使臣), 1 (dress) in the robes of Qing officials, stood beside an armillary sphere in the court of the Kangxi Emperor. The astronomy, mathematics, physics, and chemistry they brought
2 (fascinate) the young emperor, who was particularly interested in the heavenly bodies.
Through their instruction, Kangxi gained a rich knowledge. On one visit to southern China, he used a spirit level (水平仪) to measure the water, and found a mistake in 3 his
ministers were controlling the water in the Hongze lake.
It is natural for many of us ____4____ (marvel) at the Chinese emperor’s good knowledge of Western technologies. But Kangxi’s interests extended 5 the hard sciences: He tried to organize information about these foreign lands and spread 6 among the public.
He asked his third prince, Yinzhi, to establish a museum of mathematics 7 talented scholars would engage in research and observation of mathematical laws and the universe. In court speeches, Kangxi would hold forth on the natural sciences from Europe, 8 (lecture) young princes about astronomy, calendar systems and arithmetic.
Outstanding students 9 (send) to the institution of astronomy or other key departments.
10 the visitors from the West came to the East mainly to spread their culture,
upon arriving in that ancient kingdom, they discovered its people already possessed their own
well-established understanding of the world. There was the Golden Mean of Confucius, and the unknowable Tao of Lao Tzu. And these left a deep impression on the traveling Europeans.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. persisted B. recognized C. contradicting D. unquestionably E. practical F. deliberately G. equipment H. limit I. underlying J. medium K. captured
Fine art involves the application of skill and-imagination to produce aesthetic experiences. Photography is regarded by some as a form of fine art because it entails creative decision-making processes similar to those 11 painting or sculpture. Nevertheless, photography cannot be 12 classified as art, because despite certain-similarities, a fundamental difference
remains between creating images by hand — using paint, clay or other tools — and pointing a mechanical device at something interesting and clicking.
It is arguable that photography can be appreciated on the same level as other 13
forms of visual art. Sometimes decisions involved in creating a photograph closely resemble those made by any other artist. A photograph is not always just a record of the world, but a(n)
14 created image with its own artistic features. Ansel Adams, the American
photographer, commented on this point when he noted that take is not the right verb for a
photograph. Instead, he said, one makes a photograph. To this end, there is a growing trend for photographers to identify themselves as artists. A photograph by artist Edward Steichen, for
example, recently sold for $11.8 million. No one would likely pay that much for a photograph unless the photographer presents himself as an artist.
Although some photography can be abstract, most photographs are basically records of
events that occurred in particular places. While viewers may perceive beauty in a photograph,
such beauty often derives from the time and place 15 rather than from the photographer’s creative input. Also, sophisticated and expensive 16 often plays a greater role in the
success of a photograph than the photographer’s creativity. Even some of the greatest
photographers acknowledge that there is a(n) 17 to the amount of influence they can
have on a final product. Henri Cartier-Bresson, the renowned French photographer, admitted that luck was the most important factor. Finally, photography is so widely used for
18 functions that have little or nothing to do with art, such as police work, advertising and news reporting.
The debate over whether photography qualifies as art has 19 since its earliest
practitioners presented their work. A photographer may make the same aesthetic choices as a fine artist: subject matter, lighting, colour or even a message. However, cameras can also be purely
functional tools, capturing visual records and presenting information. All in all, photography is a(n) 20 that can be used to make art, but that does not mean that all photography is art.
II. Reading Comprehension (45’)
Section A (15’)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or
phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
People who live in cities are starting to get a lot more information to help plan their daily lives. Smarter City systems are telling residents about traffic jams, the time the next bus will
arrive, the for flooding, and other useful updates.
This is happening because cities are the streams of information from sensors to manage urban systems better. The number of ________ like these sensors will reach 50 billion by 2020. Cities are complex systems of systems that have always vast amounts of
information. Information flowing in from many small subsystems, such as local flood
catch-basins, is integrated with other to provide guidance on the overall operation of a city. This integrated data, from such systems of systems, is then given to city administrators in
useful formats that can change for the better.
, in many cities, the coming population growth will challenge even the most
skilled city managers, and the old infrastructure of many such cities is not equipped with the
ability to gather the data needed to city operations. Despite the seeming of data gathering infrastructure, another option exists, considering the shift from desktop computing
to mobile devices and tablets.
Mobile technology has dramatically in the past decade to the point where a
lightweight smartphone may gather all kinds of data, such as its location, local temperature and
background noise levels. Furthermore, in the near future, additional ________ are easily imagined, where sensors will be able to detect chemical pollution, local lighting conditions, vibration levels, and more.
This will enable a new era where citizens are able to participate in city management, where the very data required to improve city operations is in part provided by its citizens via smartphone apps.
It also raises complex issues that must be dealt with as we face this new era, but similarly provides opportunities for the citizens to play an active role in the improvement of their , not only in the reporting of critical environmental and transportation data, but in
taking an active role in solving the problems they have encountered.
It will be a cooperative and informed effort, with information technology enabling social transformation, to the growing challenges facing our cities in the coming decades.
21 ．A ．reason B ．potential C ．hope D ．occasion
22 ．A ．upgrading B ．enlarging C ．altering D ．employing
23 ．A ．systems B ．applications C ．devices D ．guides
24 ．A ．weathered B ．generated C ．adored D ．existed
25 ．A ．sources B ．users C ．overseers D ．means
26 ．A ．city living B ．urban planning C ．traffic flow D ．basic facilities
27 ．A ．Therefore B ．Besides C ．However D ．Thus
28 ．A ．guide B ．apply C ．advise D ．order
29 ．A ．specialty B ．need C ．decrease D ．lack
30 ．A ．decreased B ．reformed C ．advanced D ．increased
31 ．A ．talents B ．capabilities C ．qualities D ．performances
32 ．A ．accidentally B ．surprisingly C ．willingly D ．determinedly
33 ．A ．confidential B ．efficiency C ．biological D ．social
34 ．A ．community B ．performance C ．unity D ．recreation
35 ．A ．overlook B ．increase C ．predict D ．address
Section B (22’)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by
several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
Just the Ticket
Shetara Sims had weathered some tough years. In 2012, her eldest daughter was murdered during an argument in Kansas City, Missouri. Last year, the single mother lost her job in the
recession (经济衰退). She had only $7 in her pocket as she headed into the grocery store one day last July with her 12-year-old daughter, Rakiya Edmondson.
And then Lady Luck finally cut Sims some slack. She and her daughter found a dollar bill in the parking lot. Maybe this was their day, they told each other. So they bought a lottery ticket (彩票) --and won $100.
But before they could spend their unexpected gain, Rakiya had an idea. The news in Kansas City that week had been filled with stories about a police officer, Tyler Moss, who had been shot in the head in the line of duty. He was in critical condition. Rakiya and her mother had never
forgotten how kind the police had been after their own family member was killed. “The detectives were really there for us,” Sims says. “They came to see my kids. They were fathers, therapists.
They were everything.” Rakiya wanted to give their lottery winning to Officer Moss’s family. Her mom readily agreed.
On July 10, Sims called the police and made an anonymous (匿名的) donation. Moved by her generous expression of thanks, the officers did what they do best --they tracked Sims down.
When she explained the family’s motivation, the officers could hardly believe it. “With her current financial hardship, we encouraged her to keep the money,” the department later explained. “She
refused, saying the officer’s family needed it and police needed to know they were supported.”
By then, that feeling of support was mutual. The police set up a GoFundMe page for Sims, whom they called “The Woman with the Heart of Gold.” Their goal was $10,000. As of January 11, they had raised $165,405. Even better: Officer Moss, who had a 1 percent chance of survival, is out of the hospital and recovering.
36 ．Which of the following is NOT one of the hardships Shetara Sims went through
A ．Having to bring up children all by herself. B ．Losing a lot of money buying lottery tickets.
C ．Losing her job during the economic decline. D ．Her eldest daughter being killed in an argument.
37 ．The underlined phrase “cut Sims some slack” is closest in meaning to .
A ．gave Sims a break B ．criticized Sims sharply
C ．ignored Sims completely D ．conducted a test on Sims
38 ．Why was Sims called “The Woman with the Heart of Gold”
A ．She supported Moss’s family with the money raised on GoFundMe.
B ．She wrote an anonymous letter to express her gratitude to Officer Moss.
C ．She donated all the lottery winning despite her own financial hardships.
D ．She forgave the murderer and encouraged Rakiya to embrace a new life.
39 ．Which of the following statement is TRUE
A ．The police tracked Sims down secretly and returned the money to her.
B ．The police launched a fundraising campaign for Sims among policeman.
C ．Officer Moss got injured when arresting the man who killed Sims' daughter.
D ．Officer Moss’s survival was truly a miracle, given his slim chances.
(B)
COOL INVENTIONS BETTER’LEATHER’These shoes are ‘grown’ by bacteria!
Leather is a material that’s made from the skin of animals. It’s used to create lots of products. From shoes to handbags to furniture. But the chemicals typically used to preserve the animal skins are bad for the environment. The chemicals pollute the water and air nearby, and they can make the leather workers sick. Plus, livestock farmers cut down trees in forests so the But in the future, you might slip on a more sustainable pair of shoes. National Geographic Explorer Theanoe Schiros is experimenting with bacteria and living things — to “grow” shoes with a similar texture to real leather! The shoes are zero waste, chemical free, fully decomposable and still super strong. Discover how these cool kicks
cows used for leather and meat have room to e to life.
3 2 The team places the microbes in a vessel like this beaker, along with food waste like fruit pulp. The microbes eat the sugar in the food. 1
Then the microbes spin the sugar into threads of cellulose ( 纤 维素) to create protective shells around themselves to keep from drying out. (Cellulose is the same stuff that trees are made of! )
Schiros and her team start with bacteria cells that are too small to see without a microscope. Seventy of these rod-shaped ( 杆 状的 ) microbes would fit across the width of a human hair!
4 A lot of microbes + a lot of sugar =a mass of cellulose! 5 Next the team cleans the mass and treats it with a sunflower seed-based recipe to make the material soft and strong—similar to traditional leather. Then it’s dried flat. 6 Want it to be colored A natural dye made of indigo will work. For black, use the bark (树枝) from the acacia tree followed by a dip in iron-filled water (The iron comes from old carpentry nails! )
Around a hundred billion pieces of clothing are made each year. Of that clothing, about 90percent eventually gets thrown away. HOW CAN YOU HELP Don’t toss out damaged shoes! Instead, take them to a shoe mender to be fixed. You’ve outgrown them Host a clothing exchange with friends. 7Each piece of cellulose can be specially grown into the shape of the part of the shoe it will become. The pieces are then sewn together. These shoes grew in just 30 days, and they’ll last for years!
40 ．The bacteria-grown shoes have been developed to .
① produce shoes of better quality ② improve visual design
③ protect the health of leather workers ④ reduce environmental pollution
A ．①③ B ．②④ C ．③④ D ．①④
41 ．Which of the following statements is true about the procedure of growing leather
A ．The raw materials include microbes about the width of a human hair.
B ．The microbes can be transformed into a mass of cellulose after consuming sugar.
C ．With a special treatment, the material can possess a texture similar to genuine leather.
D ．The material can be dyed black after a dip in natural dye made from indigo.
42 ．Who is this article most likely intended for
A ．Chemistry majors. B ．Materials science experts.
C ．Shoe manufacturers. D ．General science readers.
(C)
Sarcasm (讽刺) and jazz have something surprisingly in common: You know them when you hear them. Sarcasm is mostly understood through tone of voice, which is used to portray the opposite of the literal words. For example, when someone says, “Well, that’s exactly what I need right now,” their tone can tell you it’s not what they need at all.
Most frequently, sarcasm highlights an irritation or is, quite simply, mean.
If you want to be happier and improve your relationships, cut out sarcasm. Why Because sarcasm is actually hostility disguised as humor.
Despite smiling outwardly, many people who receive sarcastic comments feel put down and often think the sarcastic person is rude, or contemptible (可鄙的). Indeed, it’s not surprising that the origin of the word sarcasm derives from the Greek word “sarkazein” which literally means “to tear or strip the flesh off.” Hence, it’s no wonder that sarcasm is often used after the word
“cutting” and that it hurts.
What’s more, since actions strongly determine thoughts and feelings, when a person
consistently acts sarcastically it may only serve to heighten their underlying hostility and
insecurity. After all, when you come right down to it, sarcasm can be used as a subtle form of bullying—and most bullies are angry, insecure, or cowardly.
Alternatively, when a person stops voicing negative comments, especially sarcastic ones,
they may soon start to feel happier and more self-confident. Also, other people in their life benefit even more because they no longer have to hear the emotionally hurtful language of sarcasm.
Now, I’m not saying all sarcasm is bad. It may just be better used sparingly—like a
powerful spice in cooking. Too much of the spice, and the dish will be overwhelmed by it.
Similarly, an occasional dash of sarcastic wit can spice up a chat and add an element of humor to it. But a big or steady serving of sarcasm will overwhelm the emotional flavor of any conversation and can taste very bitter to its recipient.
So, tone down the sarcasm and work on clever wit instead, which is usually without any hostility and thus more appreciated by those you’re communicating with. In essence, sarcasm is easy while true, harmless wit takes talent.
Thus, the main difference between wit and sarcasm is that, as already stated, sarcasm is
often hostility disguised as humor. It can be intended to hurt and is often bitter and biting. Witty statements are usually in response to someone’s unhelpful remarks or behaviors, and the intent is to untangle and clarify the issue by emphasizing its ridicule. Sarcastic statements are expressed in a cutting manner; witty remarks are delivered with undisguised and harmless humor.
43 ．Why does the author say sarcasm and jazz have something surprisingly in common
A ．Both are recognized when heard.
B ．Both have exactly the same tone.
C ．Both mean the opposite of what they appear to.
D ．Both have hidden in them an evident irritation.
44 ．What happens when a person consistently acts sarcastically
A ．They feel their dignity greatly heightened.
B ．They feel increasingly insecure and hostile.
C ．They endure hostility under the disguise of humor.
D ．They taste bitterness even in pleasant interactions.
45 ．What does the author say about people quitting sarcastic comments
A ．It makes others happier and more self-confident.
B ．It restrains them from being irritating and bullying.
C ．It benefits not only themselves but also those around them.
D ．It shields them from negative comments and outright hostility.
46 ．What is the chief difference between a speaker’s wit and sarcasm
A ．Their intention. B ．Their appreciation. C ．Their emphasis. D ．Their clarity.
Section C (8’)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two
more sentences than you need.
Twilight of the Brands
It’s a truism of business-book thinking that a company’s brand is its “most important asset,” more valuable than technology or patents or manufacturing prowess. But brands have never been more fragile. The reason is simple: consumers are supremely well informed and far more likely to investigate the real value of products than to rely on logos.
Absolute Value, a new book by Itamar Simonson and Emanuel Rosen, shows that,
historically, the rise of brands was a response to an information-poor environment. 47 If a car was made by G.M., or a ketchup by Heinz, you assumed that it was pretty good. It was hard to figure out if a new product from an unfamiliar company was reliable or not, so brand loyalty
was a way of reducing risk.
Today, consumers can read much research about whatever they want to buy. This started
back with Consumer Reports, which did objective studies of products. 48 It has given ordinary consumers easy access to expert reviews, user reviews, and detailed product data, in an array of categories.
A recent study found that eighty per cent of consumers look at online reviews before
making major purchases, and a host of studies have logged the strong influence those reviews have on the decisions people make. 49 An undesirable product can become a
laughingstock (笑柄) in a matter of hours. In the old days, you might buy a Sony television set because you’d owned one before, or because you trusted the brand. Today, such considerations matter much less than reviews on Amazon and Engadget and CNET. As Simonson said, “each product now has to prove itself on its own. ”
It’s been argued that in a world where consumers are overwhelmed with information, the
information will actually make brands more valuable. Indeed, the role a brand plays in people’s
lives has become all the more important. But information overload is largely a myth. 50 And this has made customer loyalty pretty much a thing of the past. Only twenty-five per cent of American respondents in a recent study said that brand loyalty affected how they shopped.
A ．But what’s really weakened the power of brands is the Internet.
B ．For consumers this is ideal: heightened competition has raised quality and held down prices.
C ．When consumers had to rely on advertisements and their past experience with a company, brands served as a guarantee for quality.
D．A large quantity of consumers fail to get a great deal of information efficiently and effectively.
E ．The rise of social media has sped up the trend to an astonishing degree.
F ．Most consumers figure out how to find what they’re looking for without spending huge amounts of time online.
III. Summary writing (10’)
51 ．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of
the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Are touchscreens in cars dangerous
For years almost every new car sold has come with a high-tech, futuristic screen, which controls everything from the air conditioning to the music. Even safety features like automatic
lane-keeping are sometimes screen-controlled.
But are touchscreens safe The case for the accusation is straightforward. If fiddling with
the screen of a smartphone while driving is distracting, and therefore dangerous, then doing
likewise with your car’s is probably risky too. Drivers can learn the location of physical controls, and press buttons or twiddle dials without taking their eyes off the road. A touchscreen offers no physical feedback, making that much harder. And because a screen must do dozens of jobs,
finding a particular setting often means tapping through several sub-menus. The result, say critics, is a dangerous distraction built into the car itself.
Research backs that up. A study, done in 2024 by researchers at SINTEF, a Norwegian
contract-research organisation, used gaze-tracking cameras to compare how long drivers were
distracted while performing different tasks on a touchscreen. Even the quickest job — changing
the temperature — meant three and a half seconds, on average, of not looking at the road. Finding a new radio station took 11 seconds, and putting a new address into the satellite navigation took
16. An analysis published in 2020 by the Transport Research Laboratory, a British organisation, found that touchscreens impaired a driver’s reaction time more than driving over the legal alcohol limit.
Safety organisations are beginning to notice. From January new rules from Euro NCAP, an organisation that provides safety ratings for cars sold in Europe, will mean no car can get a full
five-star score unless certain crucial functions — indicators, for instance, or the windscreen wipers — are controlled by real switches. Euro NCAP’s safety guidelines have no legal force. But
carmakers use its ratings as a selling-point.
But innovation never stops. Even as touchscreens are falling out of favour, many
manufacturers are turning their attention to voice control — though that is a subject for another story.
IV. Translation (15’)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52 ．这个培训项目是为帮助初学者学习编程而量身定制的。 (tailor) (汉译英)
53 ．我把手机充满电，以防老板突然给我强加一项紧急任务。(impose) (汉译英)
54 ．我突然意识到，一个人越依恋故土，就越舍不得远走他乡。 (strike) (汉译英)
55 ．破晓时分，摄影师把劳动者们真诚的微笑定格在时光里，创造了时代奋斗者的群像。 (freeze) (汉译英)
V. Guided Writing (25’)
56 ．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions
given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生赵磊，你的外国朋友 William 一直对中国文化很感兴趣。近日，他在网上了解到有两个相关的线上节目（节目信息如下表所示），但他对节目选择有些茫然，想听听你的建议。请给 William 回复一封邮件，邮件内容须包括：
（1）推荐其中一个节目；
（2）通过比较两个节目的信息，说明你推荐该节目的理由。
节目名称 故宫里的国宝 Treasures ofthe Forbidden City 寻访中国美食 Exploring Chinese Cuisine
节目内容 介绍故宫里的国宝及其背后的故 事 介绍中国传统美食及其烹饪方 式
节目形式 纪录片 短视频
节目语言 英语解说 无字幕 (subtitles) 中文解说英语字幕
1．dressed 2．fascinated 3．how 4．to marvel 5．beyond 6．it 7．where
8 ．lecturing 9 ．were sent 10 ．Although##Though##While
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍 17 世纪康熙皇帝与路易十四推动的中欧文化交流及双方科技文化的相互影响。
1 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一时期的一幅标志性画作记录了这场交流：身着清朝官员服饰的欧洲使臣，站在康熙皇帝朝堂上的一件浑天仪旁。此处为非谓语动词作定语，European ambassadors 与 dress 为被动关系，用过去分词 dressed 。故填 dressed。
2 ．考查动词时态。句意：他们带来的天文学、数学、物理和化学知识令这位年轻的皇帝着迷，他对天体尤其感兴趣。此处为谓语动词，描述 17 世纪发生的事情，用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为 fascinated 。故填 fascinated。
3 ．考查宾语从句连接词。句意：在一次南巡时，他用水平仪测量水位，发现大臣们治理洪泽湖的方法存在一处错误。此处引导宾语从句，作介词 in 的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，
表“如何、怎样” ，用连接副词 how 。故填 how。
4 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们很多人自然会惊叹于这位中国皇帝对西方技术的渊博学识。此处为固定句型“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.” ，it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，所以此处用 to marvel 作主语。故填 to marvel。
5 ．考查介词。句意：但康熙的兴趣不止于自然科学：他还试图整理这些域外之地的相关信息，并向公众传播。空后为名词，且无提示词，所以此处使用介词，结合句意，此处表示“超出、不止于” ，用介词 beyond 。故填 beyond。
6 ．考查代词。句意：但康熙的兴趣不止于自然科学：他还试图整理这些域外之地的相关信息，并向公众传播。此处指代前面的 information ，为不可数名词，用代词 it 。故填 it。
7 ．考查定语从句。句意：他命三子胤祉建立一座算学馆，让才华出众的学者们可以在馆内研究和观测数学规律与宇宙。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为 a museum of
mathematics ，表地点，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词 where 。故填 where。
8 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：在朝堂讲学中，康熙会讲解来自欧洲的自然科学知识，向皇子们讲授天文、历法和算术。此处为非谓语动词作状语，Kangxi 与 lecture 为主动关系，用现在分词 lecturing 。故填 lecturing。
9 ．考查动词时态和语态。句意：优秀的学子被送往钦天监或其他核心部门任职。此处为谓语动词，描述过去的情况，students 与 send 为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为
名词复数，所以谓语动词为 were sent。故填 were sent。
10．考查连词。句意： 尽管西方来客远赴东方主要是为了传播自身文化，但当他们抵达这个古老王国后，却发现这里的人们早已拥有自成体系的世界观。此处引导让步状语从句，表“尽管、虽然”，用连词 Although/Though/While。故填 Although/Though/While。
11 ．I 12 ．D 13 ．B 14 ．F 15 ．K 16 ．G 17 ．H 18 ．E
19 ．A 20 ．J
这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了摄影的艺术地位。尽管摄影具有创造性且可被视为艺术媒介，但由于其依赖设备、受环境限制且多用于实用功能，因此关于其是否属于纯艺术的争论一直存在。
11．考查形容词。句意：有些人认为摄影是一种美术形式，因为它所涉及的创作决策过程与绘画或雕塑背后（潜在）的那些创作决策过程相似。根据“because it entails creative
decision-making processes similar to those”可知应填 underlying 表示“潜在的、根本的” ，用来修饰 painting or sculpture ，意思是“与绘画或雕塑背后（潜在）的那些创作决策过程相似”。故选 I。
12 ．考查副词。句意：然而，摄影不能毫无疑问地归类为艺术，因为尽管有某些相似之处，但手工创造图像——使用颜料、黏土或其他工具——与将机械设备指向有趣的东西并点击之间仍然存在根本的区别。根据句意“毫无疑问地” 以及“because despite certain-similarities, a
fundamental difference remains between creating images by hand” 可知应填副词 unquestionably，修饰 classified 。故选 D。
13．考查形容词。句意：可以说，摄影完全可以与其他被认可的视觉艺术形式相媲美，同样值得欣赏。根据句意“被认可的” 以及“forms of visual art”可知应填形容词 recognized，修饰名词 forms 。故选 B。
14 ．考查副词。句意：一张照片并不总是仅仅是对世界的记录，而是一种经过精心构思的、具有自身艺术特色的图像。根据前文提到的“像其他艺术家一样做决定” 以及 Ansel Adams 说的“make a photograph(制作照片)” ，说明照片是故意/精心创造出来的，而非随意拍摄的。可知应填副词 deliberately ，修饰 created 。故选 F。
15．考查形容词。句意：尽管观众可能会从照片中感受到美，但这种美往往源自照片所捕捉的特定时间和地点，而非摄影师的创作投入。根据“所捕捉的” 以及 “rather than from the
photographer’s creative input”可知应填形容词 captured，修饰名词 the time and place。故选 K。
16 ．考查名词。句意：此外，精良且昂贵的设备在照片的成功中往往比摄影师的创意发挥着更大的作用。根据句意“设备” 以及“often plays a greater role in the success of a photograph than the photographer’s creativity”可知应填名词 equipment ，作主语，故选 G。
17．考查名词。句意：甚至一些最杰出的摄影师也承认，他们对最终作品所产生的影响是有限的。根据句意“ 限制” 以及“the amount of influence they can have on a final product”可知应填名词 limit ，作主语，故选 H。
18．考查形容词。句意：最后，摄影技术被广泛应用于诸多与艺术毫无关联的实用功能领域，比如警方工作、广告宣传以及新闻报道等。根据句意“实用的” 以及“functions that have little or nothing to do with art, such as police work, advertising and news reporting”可知应填形容词
practical ，修饰名词 functions 。故选 E。
19．考查动词。句意：关于摄影是否属于艺术这一问题的争论，自其最早的创作者展出作品以来就一直存在。根据句意“存在” 以及“since its earliest practitioners presented their work”可知应填动词 persist ，结合 has 可知为现在完成时。故选 A。
20．考查名词。句意：总之，摄影是一种可以用来创作艺术的媒介，但这并不意味着所有的摄影作品都是艺术作品。根据句意“媒介” 以及“that can be used to make art”可知应填名词
medium ，作表语。故选 J。
21 ．B 22 ．D 23 ．C 24 ．B 25 ．A 26 ．A 27 ．C 28 ．A
29 ．D 30 ．C 31 ．B 32 ．C 33 ．D 34 ．A 35 ．D
文章介绍了智慧城市依托传感器、大数据优化城市管理，同时指出老旧城市基建存在不足，随着移动科技进步，普通市民可借助手机参与城市治理，既带来发展机遇，也伴随相关问题，需要多方协作应对城市发展挑战。
21．考查名词。句意：智慧城市系统向居民播报交通拥堵、下一班公交车的抵达时间、洪水发生的可能性以及其他实用最新消息。A. reason 原因；B. potential 可能性；C. hope 希望； D. occasion 场合。根据后文“for flooding”可知，城市预警会提示洪水发生的潜在可能。
22．考查动词。句意：这种情况正在出现，因为各大城市正运用传感器信息流，更好地管理城市系统。A. upgrading 升级；B. enlarging 扩大；C. altering 改变；D. employing 使用。根据后文“the streams of information from sensors to manage urban systems better” 可知，城市在利用传感器信息开展管理工作。
23．考查名词。句意：到 2020 年，类似传感器这类设备的数量将达到 500 亿。A. systems
系统；B. applications 应用；C. devices 设备；D. guides 指南。根据后文“like these sensors”可知，传感器属于电子设备。
24．考查动词。句意：城市是层层嵌套的复杂系统，一直以来都会产生海量信息。A. weathered经受；B. generated 产生；C. adored 喜爱；D. existed 存在。根据前文“Cities are complex systems of systems”及后文“ vast amounts of information”可知，城市运行会不断产出各类信息。
25．考查名词。句意：来自小型子系统（如城市小型蓄洪区）的流动信息，会与其他信息来源整合，为城市整体运转提供指导。A. sources 来源；B. users 使用者；C. overseers 监督者； D. means 方式。根据前文“Information flowing in from many small subsystems”提及各类小型信息系统，对应的是不同的信息来源。
26．考查名词短语。句意：源自复合系统的整合数据，以实用形式呈现给城市管理者，助力城市生活更好发展。A. city living 城市生活；B. urban planning 城市规划；C. traffic flow 车流量；D. basic facilities 基础设施。根据前文“city administrators”及“in useful formats”可知，城市管理者以有用的形式利用这些数据肯定会让城市生活变的更好。
27．考查连词。句意：然而，在许多城市，未来的人口增长将会给即便经验丰富的城市管理者带来挑战，许多城市陈旧的基础设施，并不具备收集所需数据的能力，无法指导城市运转。 A. Therefore 因此；B. Besides 此外；C. However 然而；D. Thus 因此。根据后文“the coming population growth will challenge even the most skilled city managers, and the old infrastructure of many such cities is not equipped with the ability to gather the data”可知，前文讲述智慧城市的优势，本段转而介绍城市发展难题，前后为转折关系。
28．考查动词。句意同上。A. guide 指导；B. apply 应用；C. advise 建议；D. order 命令。根据前文“provide guidance on the overall operation of a city”可知，数据的作用是指导城市运行。
29．考查名词。句意：尽管收集数据的基础设施看似匮乏，但从台式电脑向移动设备转变的趋势下，我们仍有别的解决办法。A. specialty 特色；B. need 需求；C. decrease 减少；D. lack缺乏。根据前文“ the old infrastructure of many such cities is not equipped with the ability to
gather the data”可知，旧基建功能不足，说明数据基建存在短缺问题。
30．考查动词。句意：在过去十年里，移动科技飞速发展，轻薄的智能手机能够收集各类数据，例如位置信息、当地温度以及环境噪音分贝。A. decreased 减少；B. reformed 改革；C. advanced 发展；D. increased 增加。根据后文“a lightweight smartphone may gather all kinds of data”可知，手机可多功能采集数据，说明移动技术取得巨大进步。
31．考查名词。句意：此外，在不久的将来，更多功能不难实现，传感器将能够检测化学污
染、局部光照、震动强度等指标。A. talents 天赋；B. capabilities 功能；C. qualities 品质；
D. performances 表现。根据后文“sensors will be able to detect chemical pollution, local lighting conditions, vibration levels, and more”罗列传感器新增检测功能，说明未来设备有更多功能。
32．考查副词。句意：这将开启一个全新的时代：市民能够参与城市管理，优化城市运行所需的部分数据，在一定程度上由市民通过手机应用自愿提供。A. accidentally 意外地；B.
surprisingly 惊人地；C. willingly 自愿地；D. determinedly 坚定地。根据前文“citizens are able to participate in city management”可知，市民主动参与城市管理，是自发自愿分享信息。
33．考查形容词。句意：这也催生了复杂的社会问题，在迈入新时代的过程中，这些问题亟待解决。A. confidential 机密的；B. efficiency 效率；C. biological 生物的；D. social 社会的。根据前文“citizens are able to participate in city management”可知，全民参与城市治理，涉及大众公共生活，属于社会层面问题。
34．考查名词。句意：但与此同时，这也为市民创造了机会，让大家能够积极参与社区建设：不仅可以上报关键的环境与交通数据，还能主动行动，去解决身边遇到的各类问题。A.
community 社区；B. performance 表现；C. unity 团结；D. recreation 娱乐。根据前文“for the citizens to play an active role in the improvement of their”可知，市民日常生活与社区紧密相关，参与治理可以改善社区环境。
35．考查动词。句意：这将是一场协作共建、信息互通的行动，借助信息技术推动社会变革，以应对未来数十年城市日益严峻的各类挑战。A. overlook 忽视；B. increase 增加；C. predict预测；D. address 应对。根据后文“challenges”可知，文章旨在说明合力解决城市发展困境。
36 ．B 37 ．A 38 ．C 39 ．D
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一位单亲妈妈 Shetara Sims 和女儿 Rakiya在经济困难中，用意外获得的 100 美元彩票奖金匿名捐给受伤警官 Tyler Moss家庭的故事。
36．细节理解题。根据第一段“Shetara Sims had weathered some tough years. In 2012, her eldest daughter was murdered during an argument in Kansas City, Missouri. Last year, the single mother lost her job in the recession (经济衰退).(Shetara Sims 经历了一些艰难的岁月。2012 年，她的大女儿在密苏里州堪萨斯城的一次争吵中被谋杀。去年，这位单亲妈妈在经济衰退中失去了工作)”以及第二段“So they bought a lottery ticket (彩票) --and won $100.(于是她们买了一张彩票，中了 100 美元)”可知，Shetara Sims 是一位单亲妈妈，不得不独自抚养孩子、在经济衰退期间失去了工作、她的大女儿在一次争吵中丧生，文章没有提及 Shetara Sims 买彩票亏了很多钱。故选 B 项。
37．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Shetara Sims had weathered some tough years. In 2012, her eldest daughter was murdered during an argument in Kansas City, Missouri. Last year, the single mother lost her job in the recession (经济衰退). She had only $7 in her pocket as she headed into the
grocery store one day last July with her 12-year-old daughter, Rakiya Edmondson.(Shetara Sims
经历了一些艰难的岁月。2012 年，她的大女儿在密苏里州堪萨斯城的一次争吵中被谋杀。
去年，这位单亲妈妈在经济衰退中失去了工作。去年 7 月的一天，当她和 12 岁的女儿 Rakiya Edmondson 走进杂货店时，口袋里只有 7 美元)”以及第二段“She and her daughter found a
dollar bill in the parking lot. Maybe this was their day, they told each other. So they bought a
lottery ticket --and won $100.(她和女儿在停车场发现了一张一美元的钞票。也许这是她们的 一天，她们告诉对方。于是她们买了一张彩票，中了 100 美元)”可知，在面临许多困难时，这对母女捡到一美元，买彩票之后中了 100 美元，可推知幸运女神给了 Shetara Sims 一个喘息的机会，划线句子表示“让 Shetara Sims 休息一下” 。故选 A 项。
38 ．推理判断题。根据第三段““With her current financial hardship, we encouraged her to keep the money,” the department later explained. “She refused, saying the officer’s family needed it
and police needed to know they were supported.”(“鉴于她目前的经济困难，我们鼓励她保留这笔钱，”该部门后来解释道。“她拒绝了，说警察的家人需要，警察需要知道他们得到了支
持。”)” 以及第四段“By then, that feeling of support was mutual. The police set up a GoFundMe page for Sims, whom they called “The Woman with the Heart of Gold.”(到那时，这种支持感是 相互的。警方为 Sims 建立了一个 GoFundMe 页面，他们称她为“有黄金之心的女人”)”可知， Sims 被称为“有黄金之心的女人” ，这是因为 Sims在自己经济困难的时候，仍然捐赠了彩票中奖的钱。故选 C 项。
39．细节理解题。根据第四段“Even better: Officer Moss, who had a 1 percent chance of survival, is out of the hospital and recovering.(更好的是：有 1%的生还几率的 Moss 警官现在已经出院，正在康复中)”可知，Moss 警官的生还几率渺茫，能够生还真是一个奇迹。故选 D 项。
40 ．C 41 ．C 42 ．D
这篇文章主要介绍了传统皮革污染环境且危害工人健康，科学家研发出用细菌培养的环保皮革鞋，介绍了其制作过程与优势，并给出了实用的环保建议。
40 ．细节理解题。根据第一个图表中“But the chemicals typically used to preserve the animal
skins are bad for the environment. The chemicals pollute the water and air nearby, and they can
make the leather workers sick. (但通常用于保存动物皮的化学物质对环境有害。这些化学物质
会污染附近的水源和空气，还会让皮革工人生病。)” 以及“But in the future, you might slip on a more sustainable pair of shoes. National Geographic Explorer Theanoe Schiros is experimenting
with bacteria and living things — to “grow” shoes with a similar texture to real leather! The shoes are zero waste, chemical free, fully decomposable and still super strong. Discover how these cool kicks come to life. (但在未来，你可能会穿上一双更可持续的鞋子。《国家地理》探险家西奥纳·希罗斯正在尝试利用细菌和生物来“培育”具有与真皮革相似质地的鞋子！这些鞋子是零废弃、无化学物质、完全可分解的，而且仍然非常坚固。了解这些酷炫的鞋子是如何诞生的。)”可知，研发细菌培养鞋的核心目的是解决传统皮革产业的环境污染问题和工人健康问题。①“提升鞋子质量”和②“ 改进视觉设计”在原文中均未提及。
41．细节理解题。根据第二个图表中“Next the team cleans the mass and treats it with a sunflower seed-based recipe to make the material soft and strong — similar to traditional leather. ( 接下来，团队会对这种材料进行清洗处理，并用一种以葵花籽为原料的配方对其进行处理，以使材料变得柔软且坚固——类似于传统的皮革。)”可知，原文明确提到用葵花籽配方处理后，材料会变得柔软坚固，质地与传统皮革相似，ABD 选项均与原文实意不符。
42 ．推理判断题。通读全文以及文章标题为“COOL INVENTIONS”（酷炫发明），可知，这篇文章语言通俗易懂，用图文结合的方式介绍环保新科技，还包含面向普通读者的环保小贴士，明显是为普通科学爱好者撰写的科普文章，而非面向专业学者或行业从业者。
43 ．A 44 ．B 45 ．C 46 ．A
本文为议论文。文章通过类比讽刺与爵士乐的共性引入主题，论证 "减少讽刺、倡导善意机智" 的观点，剖析讽刺的本质危害、与机智的核心区别，最终给出沟通建议。
43 ．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“Sarcasm and jazz have something surprisingly in
common: You know them when you hear them.(讽刺和爵士乐之间竟有着惊人的相似之处：当你听到它们的时候，就能立刻辨别出来。)”可知，讽刺和爵士乐之间的相似之处在于“一听就能识别出来” 。故选 A 项。
44．细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容“What’s more, since actions strongly determine thoughts and feelings, when a person consistently acts sarcastically it may only serve to heighten their
underlying hostility and insecurity.(此外，由于行为会极大地影响思想和情感，如果一个人总是以讽刺的方式行事，这可能只会加剧他们内心深处的敌意和不安感。)”可知，持续讽刺行为会强化内在的敌意和不安全感。故选 B 项。
45 ．细节理解题。根据文章第六段内容“Alternatively, when a person stops voicing negative
comments, especially sarcastic ones, they may soon start to feel happier and more self-confident.
Also, other people in their life benefit even more because they no longer have to hear the
emotionally hurtful language of sarcasm.(另外，当一个人不再发表负面评论（尤其是带有讽刺意味的评论）时，他们很快就会开始感到更加快乐和自信。而且，他们生活中的其他人也会受益更多，因为他们不再需要听到那种充满情感伤害的讽刺话语了。)”可知，停止讽刺后，本人更快乐自信，周围人因免受伤害而获益更多，即，对自己，对周围的人都有益处。故选 C 项。
46 ．推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“Thus, the main difference between wit and sarcasm is
that, as already stated, sarcasm is often hostility disguised as humor. It can be intended to hurt and is often bitter and biting. Witty statements are usually in response to someone’s unhelpful remarks or behaviors, and the intent is to untangle and clarify the issue by emphasizing its ridicule.(因此，
机智与讽刺的主要区别在于：正如我们之前所说，讽刺往往是以幽默的形式来掩饰敌意的。它的目的往往在于伤害他人，并且通常带有尖刻和刺耳的意味。机智的言论通常是对他人无益的言论或行为的回应，其目的在于通过强调其荒谬之处来理清并阐明问题。)”可知，讽刺是“伪装成幽默的敌意” ，意图伤人；机智则“无恶意且幽默” ，无敌意，意图理清问题。由此推知，二者的主要区别在于意图不同。故选 A 项。
47 ．C 48 ．A 49 ．E 50 ．F
文章主要介绍了品牌影响力正在衰退，过去品牌因信息匮乏成为品质保障，而如今互联网、各类测评与社交媒体让消费者获取信息更便捷，人们不再依赖品牌，品牌忠诚度大幅下降。
47 ．根据前文“Absolute Value, a new book by Itamar Simonson and Emanuel Rosen, shows that, historically, the rise of brands was a response to an information-poor environment.(Itamar
Simonson 和 Emanuel Rosen 的新书《绝对价值》指出，从历史上来看，品牌的兴起是对信息匮乏环境的一种回应。)” 以及后文“If a car was made by G.M., or a ketchup by Heinz, you
assumed that it was pretty good.(如果一辆汽车由通用汽车生产，或是番茄酱由亨氏制造，你就会认为它的品质不错。)” 可知，空前追溯品牌的兴起，空后举例说明对品牌的依赖，故空格处需说明信息闭塞年代品牌的作用；选项 C“When consumers had to rely on
advertisements and their past experience with a company, brands served as a guarantee for
quality.(当消费者只能依靠一家公司的广告和过往消费经验时，品牌就充当了品质的保障。)” 贴合上下文逻辑。
48 ．根据前文“This started back with Consumer Reports, which did objective studies of
products.(这一变化始于《消费者报告》，该刊物会对产品开展客观测评。)” 以及后文“It has given ordinary consumers easy access to expert reviews, user reviews, and detailed product data,
in an array of categories.(它让普通消费者可以轻松获取各类产品的专业评测、用户评价和详 细产品数据。)” 可知，空处需点明 it 的指代对象；选项 A“But what’s really weakened the power of brands is the Internet.(但真正削弱品牌影响力的是互联网。)” 承接了上文的信息获取变化，又引出了下文互联网的具体作用，衔接自然。
49 ．根据前文“A recent study found that eighty per cent of consumers look at online reviews
before making major purchases, and a host of studies have logged the strong influence those
reviews have on the decisions people make.(近期一项研究发现：八成消费者在进行大额消费前都会查看线上评价，且大量研究也记录表明，这些评价对人们的消费决策有着巨大影响。)”说明消费者依赖网络评价，后文“An undesirable product can become a laughingstock in a matter of hours.(一款劣质产品短短数小时内就会沦为笑柄。)” 说明信息传播速度变得极快；选项 E“The rise of social media has sped up the trend to an astonishing degree.(社交媒体的兴起将这一趋势加速到了惊人的程度。)” 衔接了上文的评价影响与下文的快速传播。
50 ．根据前文“But information overload is largely a myth.(但信息过载在很大程度上是一种谬论。)” 可知，消费者并不会被海量信息困扰；选项 F“Most consumers figure out how to find what they’re looking for without spending huge amounts of time online.(大多数消费者都能高效找到自己需要的信息，无需花费大量上网时间。)” 解释了信息过载是谬论的原因，与前文观点保持一致，逻辑通顺。
51 ． Most new cars are equipped with touchscreens controlling various functions, but they’re dangerous as they lack physical feedback and require complex sub-menu operations, distracting drivers. Studies show they cause long distraction and impair reaction time more than drunk
driving. Euro NCAP will introduce new rules requiring real switches for key functions, while carmakers are shifting to voice control.
本文是一篇议论文。主要围绕汽车触摸屏的安全性展开，指出其因缺乏物理反馈、操作复杂而分散司机注意力，相关研究证实其危害甚至超过酒驾，欧洲安全机构将出台新规规范关键功能控制方式，车企则转向语音控制技术。
1. 要点摘录
①For years almost every new car sold has come with a high-tech, futuristic screen, which
controls everything from the air conditioning to the music.
②But are touchscreens safe The case for the accusation is straightforward.
③A study, done in 2024 by researchers at SINTEF, a Norwegian contract-research organisation, used gaze-tracking cameras to compare how long drivers were distracted while performing
different tasks on a touchscreen.
④Euro NCAP’s safety guidelines have no legal force. But carmakers use its ratings as a selling-point.
2. 缜密构思
整合①② , ③④要点
3. 遣词造句
Most new cars have touchscreens for diverse functions, but they’re dangerous owing to no physical feedback and complex sub-menu operations that distract drivers.
Studies prove they lead to long distraction and impair reaction time more than drunk driving, so
Euro NCAP will require real switches for key functions, with carmakers shifting to voice control. 【高分句型 1】Most new cars are equipped with touchscreens controlling various
functions, but they’re dangerous as they lack physical feedback and require complex sub-menu
operations, distracting drivers. (运用 as 引导原因状语从句，现在分词短语作结果状语，对一二段部分内容进行总结)
【高分句型 2】Studies show they cause long distraction and impair reaction time more than drunk driving. (运用省略 that 的宾语从句，对第三段进行总结，句型高级)
【高分句型 3】Euro NCAP will introduce new rules requiring real switches for key functions, while carmakers are shifting to voice control. (运用 while 连接的时间状语从句，对第四，五段进行总结，表达高级)
52 ．This training program is tailored to help beginners learn programming.
表示“这个培训项目”译为 this training program ，作主语；表示“为 量身定制”译为 be tailored to；表示“帮助初学者学习编程”用短语 help sb. do sth.，译为 help beginners learn programming。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。
53 ．I charged my phone to full capacity in case my boss suddenly imposed an urgent task on me. 句子讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时态；“我把手机充满电”是主句，主语“我”是 I，谓语“充电”用动词 charge，使用过去式 charged，“充满电”表述为 charged my phone to full
(
突
)capacity ，主句整体译为 I charged my phone to full capacity；“ 以防老板突然给我强加一项紧急任务”是目的状语，用连词 in case 引导目的状语从句，从句主语“老板”表述为 my boss ，“然”用副词 suddenly 作状语；从句谓语“给 强加”用动词短语 impose on ，动词使用过去式 imposed，宾语“一项紧急任务”用名词词组 an urgent task，从句整体译为 in case my boss suddenly imposed an urgent task on me。
54 ．It suddenly strikes me that the more attached one is to their hometown, the less willing they are to leave for a distant land.
表示“我突然意识到”译为 It suddenly strikes me that；表示“越 越 ”译为 the+比较级 ，the+ 比较级 ；前半句主语为 the one，表示“依恋故土”译为 be attached to their hometown；后一句主语为 they，表示“舍不得远走他乡”译为 be less willing to leave for a distant land ，此处为倒装句，需要将比较级 the more attached 和 the less willing 提前到主语 one 和 they 之前，构成 the+ 比较级，the+ 比较级句型。陈述事实用一般现在时。
55．At daybreak, the photographer froze the sincere smiles ofthe workers in time, creating a group portrait of the striving people of the era.
“破晓时分”译为 At daybreak ，作时间状语；“摄影师”是主语，译为 the
photographer ；谓语“定格”用动词 freeze ，讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时态 froze ；宾语“劳动者们真诚的微笑”译为 the sincere smiles ofthe workers ；地点状语“在时光里”译为介词短语 in time ；“创造了时代奋斗者的群像”是结果状语，用现在分词短语 creating a group portrait of the striving people of the era 表达，其中“ 时代奋斗者”译为 the striving people of the era。
56 ．Dear William,
Having learnt you are interested in Chinese culture and that you cannot decide whether to opt for the Treasures ofthe Forbidden City or the Exploring Chinese Cuisine, I am writing to put
forward my own idea that the second option might be more suitable for you.
The reasons behind the choice, as far as I can see, can be analyzed in three aspects. To begin with, as is universally acknowledged, delicious cuisine is always a popular topic around the whole world. In this programme, you will be introduced the process of making Chinese traditional food, which is also a part of the Chinese culture. In addition, it won't cost you much time since it is
presented by short video, so that you can choose your time freely. Last but not least, although the programme is spoken in Chinese, there are English subtitles for you to have a full understanding
of the content.
To sum up, it is advisable that you choose the second one. Hope the above might be of any help to you. Thank you for your time and wish you a great success in learning about the Chinese culture.
Yours,
Zhao Lei

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