资源简介

Period 2　Learning About Language
阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并完成后面的小题。
There are many mysteries ①what the dinosaurs looked like.You may think ②that dinosaurs were big，green and scaly，right？But the fact is ③that they appeared very different from ④what we think.In recent years，scientists have worked out ⑤what they looked like：many of them were small with feathers.Scientists also believe ⑥that many dinosaurs had bright colors.But ⑦why the dinosaurs came into extinction is still a mystery.
以上黑体部分均为名词性从句；名词性从句即在复合句中起名词作用的从句，包括主语从句，如⑦；同位语从句，如①；表语从句，如③；宾语从句，如②、④、⑤和⑥。连接代词what在①、④和⑤中作宾语；从属连词that在②、③和⑥中不作成分，只起连接作用；连接副词why在⑦中作原因状语。
一、名词性从句总述
1．概念
名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词(词组)，它在复合句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句要用陈述语序，即：连接词＋主语＋谓语。
2．引导词
连接代词 what，which，who，whom，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever等，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语
连接副词 when，where，how，why等，在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语等
从属连词 that，whether，if，as if/though等，在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用
二、名词性从句的种类
1．主语从句
主语从句是指在复合句中作主语的从句。主语从句可直接放在句首。如果主语从句过长，可用it作形式主语。
it作形式主语常有下列句型：
How he can learn to appreciate Chinese culture remains an important goal for him.学会如何欣赏中华文化对他来说仍然是一个重要目标。
That they should get well prepared for their future is obvious to the students.
＝It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.
显而易见，学生们应该为自己的未来做好准备。
Whether he will succeed remains to be seen.
＝It remains to be seen whether he will succeed.
他是否会成功还有待观察。
Why the fire broke out is still unknown.
＝It is still unknown why the fire broke out.
人们仍然不知道这场火灾为何会发生。
2．宾语从句
在复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句常放在动词、动词短语(如find out，point out，make sure，keep in mind等)、介词(短语)或一些形容词(afraid，happy，surprised，certain，pleased，sorry)后作宾语。
His tutor explained (that) he should read more books.
他的导师解释说他应该多读书。
I will do what/whatever I can (do) to help him.
我会尽我所能去帮助他。
I wonder whether/if they will come to our party.我想知道他们是否会来参加我们的聚会。
She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class.
她问我谁的书法是班上最好的。
It depends on how we solve the problem.
这取决于我们如何解决这个问题。
[点津]　(1)带复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后面，而用it作形式宾语；当主句中的谓语动词是短语动词，而宾语是从句时，虽然没有宾语补足语，也常用it作形式宾语，后接that引导的宾语从句。it作形式宾语的常用句型如下：
The class size makes it more possible that we can engage in classroom activities.
班级规模使我们更有可能参与课堂活动。
I insist on it that you need to take action in advance.我坚持认为你需要提前采取行动。
Some teenagers take it for granted that our parents should take care of us.一些青少年认为父母应该照顾我们是理所当然的。
I see to it that I will come to your assistance whenever you are in trouble.
我保证无论何时你有困难，我都会来帮助你。
(2)当and/but连接两个或者两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个宾语从句可省略that，后面的宾语从句中的that不能省略。
He told me (that) he had two sons and that they had both gone to college.
他告诉我他有两个儿子，他们都去上大学了。
(3)在动词think，believe，guess，suppose，expect，imagine，fancy等后面的宾语从句中，有时将谓语动词的否定含义转移到主句谓语上，将think等词变为否定形式。
I don’t think that I can ever forgive her.
我想我永远也不会原谅她。
I don’t suppose that it’s his fault，is it
我想那不是他的错，对吧？
3．表语从句
在复合句中作表语，出现在连系动词之后，一般结构为“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。
The trouble is that I have lost his address.
麻烦是我把他的地址弄丢了。
I was very angry.That was because he didn’t come.我很生气，那是因为他没来。(强调原因)
He didn’t come.That was why I was very angry.
他没来，那就是为什么我很生气。(强调结果)
The reason why I was very angry was that he didn’t come.我很生气的原因是他没来。
The question is whether he can make it.
问题是他能否成功。
4．同位语从句
在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。它一般放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question等抽象名词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步的解释，或说明前面名词的具体含义。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.
他还没有作出决定是否去那里。
I have no idea where he lives.
我不知道他住在哪里。
The question who should do the job requires consideration.
谁应该做这项工作的问题需要考虑。
[点津]　that引导的同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
(1)从意义上看，同位语从句是对一个名词的具体内容加以解释说明；定语从句是对名词进行修饰限定。
(2)从结构上看，that引导同位语从句时，不作成分；that引导定语从句时作成分。
比较：He told me the news that our team won.(同位语从句)
He told me the news that was exciting.(定语从句)
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空
①What you should remember is that most students feel nervous like you.
②I have some doubt whether we can win the contest，so I am quite nervous.
③We haven’t discussed yet where we are going to place our new furniture.
④As a new graduate，he doesn’t know what it takes to start a business here.
⑤Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears and no one in the office knew why she was so angry.
⑥The problem is who will keep me company when I fall ill.
⑦It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
⑧The word came that the film star returned from the UK.
⑨You can depend on it that he can come to your assistance whenever you are in trouble.
⑩I said he came from Beijing and that he graduated from Peking University in 1998.
三、名词性从句中一些连接词的注意事项
1．从属连词that，whether，if
that，whether和if只起连接作用，在名词性从句中不作成分；that本身无含义，引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及介词后的宾语从句时不可省略；whether/if都有“是否”的意思。whether和if有时可通用，但在下列情况下，只可用whether而不用if：
①引导主语从句并放在句首时；
②引导表语从句、同位语从句时；
③引导介词后的宾语从句时；
④从句后有“or not”时；
⑤后接动词不定式时。
That he is brave enough to admit faults is his strength.他勇于承认错误是他的长处。
Please let me know whether/if the time is suitable for you.请告诉我这个时间是否适合你。
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
月球上是否有生命是个有趣的问题。
I am doubtful about whether I will attend the evening party.
＝I am doubtful about whether to attend the evening party.
我拿不准是否参加晚会。
2．连接代词whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever
连接代词whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever可引导名词性从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语和表语等；此时whatever，whoever等在从句中通常不含疑问意义，whatever＝anything that，whoever＝anyone who。它们也可引导让步状语从句，引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
Whichever team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.(whichever引导主语从句，并在从句中作定语)
He objects to whatever idea I offer.(whatever引导宾语从句，并在从句中作定语)
他反对我提出的任何意见。
Whatever happens，I will help you.(whatever引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what)
无论发生什么事，我都会帮你。
Whoever comes will be welcome.(whoever引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语)　
任何人来都受欢迎。
Whoever wins first prize，he will get a present.(whoever引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter who)
无论谁赢得头奖，他都将得到一份礼物。
[即时训练2]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①To improve the quality of our products，we asked whoever had used the products for suggestions.
②My suggestion is that you should participate in this competition，which is really a good opportunity.
③I doubt whether/if you can finish the task on time，so do you need my help
④Whether he will come or not makes no difference to me.
⑤在我看来，她所做的一切都是完全正确的。
As far as I am concerned，whatever she does is completely right.
⑥无论你做什么决定，你都必须仔细考虑。
Whatever decisions you make，you must think carefully.
Ⅰ.用合适的引导词填空并判断所填词引导的是何种名词性从句
1．You can watch some movies and study how people speak.宾语从句
2．There is no doubt that keeping an English diary helps you a lot with your written English.同位语从句
3．What I have achieved in English learning makes my mother quite delighted.主语从句
4．The question is who will be the successful applicant for the summer job.表语从句
5．It remains to be seen whether/if my research paper will be well received.主语从句
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．我被他所做的事深深地感动了，泪水止不住地流下来。
I was deeply moved by what he had done，tears rolling down without control.
2．最重要的是我们从来没有丧失继续努力的热情。
What is the most important is that we never lose the passion to keep on trying.
3．我们坚信游客能够通过这次活动更多地了解中华传统文化。
We hold the strong belief that visitors can learn more about traditional Chinese culture through the activity.
4．我是否会参加这次英语演讲比赛还要看情况。
It remains to be seen whether/if I will participate in the English speech competition.
5．精通英语口语使我能够自由地与外国人交流。
That I have a good command of oral English enables me to communicate with foreigners freely.
6．他之所以申请这份工作是因为他想获得更多的工作经验。
The reason why he applied for the job was that he wanted to attain more working experience.
作业2　Learning About Language
[分值：80.5分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
2．The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins first place in the bicycle race.
3．When everyone quieted down，the speaker began to talk，saying that this was exactly what was happening in their lives.
4．The proposal that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.
5．I can make sure that you can rely on it that he can help with your emergencies.
6．When I asked where he was heading，he made no answer.
7．In the past，we mostly had to rely on the radio or newspapers to know what was going on in the world.
8．I find it interesting that I can deal with the math problem under his guidance.
9．They couldn’t understand why I refused to take part in the party.
10．I don’t agree with the plan that/which he put forward just now at the conference.
Ⅱ.给下列短文中的名词性从句填上适当的引导词(共12小题；每小题1.5分，满分18分)
1．What happened in my restaurant today was unbelievable.This afternoon a poorly dressed gentleman came into my restaurant.Nobody knew 2.who he was.3.What surprised us was 4.that he finished two orders of food in a very limited time.We wondered 5.why he was so hungry.There was some doubt 6.whether the man was able to pay the bill.The gentleman asked 7.if/whether we would mind waiting for just a few minutes.Then we were shocked to see 8.that he took out of an envelope—a million-pound bank note.I heard the news 9.that two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England.Hence,10.what the gentleman showed us couldn’t be a fake.11.That a gentleman with a million-pound bank note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there.I really couldn’t describe 12.how surprised I was.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·广东惠州高二上期中)
It has previously been proved that representative gestures improve memory for concrete words，in particular action words.Here，we investigate the impact of gestures on abstract word learning in a foreign language.We further ask if learning novel words with gestures promotes sentence production.
Thus twenty German speakers were recruited(招募) to participate in the experiment，with an average age of 21，consisting of 12 females and 8 males.No one had any known hearing loss.The training material contained 32 abstract sentences in an artificial language database created for experimental purposes.The 32 sentences were randomly distributed in two training conditions，with 16 sentences per group.
In condition 1，participants saw the word and heard it.After half a second，its translation into German appeared on the screen.Meanwhile，a video with a still image of the actress appeared on the screen.Participants were cued to repeat the word they had previously seen and heard aloud.In condition 2，participants saw and heard a word.Half a second later，the German translation showed up.At the same time，a video with the actress performing a symbolic gesture for the word appeared on the screen.Participants read the word aloud and repeated the gesture.
Participants were trained on the 32 sentences for 6 days.Memory performance was assessed daily using different tests.The overall results support the prediction that learners have better memory for words with gestures.In the sentence test，participants produced new sentences with the words they had acquired.Words represented with gestures were used more frequently，showing their enhanced accessibility in memory.
If adding a gesture to a word in a foreign language is a key to better storage and slower forgetting，teaching and learning should take this into account.Teachers could present new texts by connecting new words with gestures and encouraging students to repeat them.Learners could abandon their traditional vocabulary lists and instead perform their own actions accompanying new words.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章分享了一个关于手势和外语学习的研究，这项研究发现语言学习者学习外语时，使用手势对记忆外语中的抽象词汇有积极的影响。
1．What was the purpose of inviting twenty German speakers
A．To evaluate the impact of hearing problem.
B．To test their ability to learn foreign language.
C．To compare audiovisual and gesture learning.
D．To confirm the pre-experimental assumption.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Here，we investigate the impact of gestures on abstract word learning in a foreign language.We further ask if learning novel words with gestures promotes sentence production.”可知，该实验招募了20名说德语的参与者，目的是验证实验前的假设，即在外语学习中，使用手势是否能够增强对抽象词汇的记忆。故选D。
2．How did the training conditions differ for participants
A．Both groups used the same methods with no difference.
B．Participants were divided based on their gender and age.
C．The training conditions were the same except extra gestures.
D．One used only audiovisual aids while the other only gestures.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中条件1和条件2的对比“In condition 2...At the same time，a video with the actress performing a symbolic gesture for the word appeared on the screen.”可知，参与者的训练条件是一样的，只是条件2的参与者多了些手势。故选C。
3．What conclusion could be drawn from the production of sentences
A．Words with actions were more likely to be used.
B．Participants performed better with some gestures.
C．Memory influenced sentence production abilities.
D．Gestures had no effect on the sentence production.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Words represented with gestures were used more frequently，showing their enhanced accessibility in memory.”可知，有手势动作的词汇更有可能被使用。故选A。
4．What suggestion might the study offer for language learners
A．Depend only on audiovisual materials.
B．Teach new words with designed gestures.
C．Quit traditional vocabulary memorization.
D．Integrate movements with word repetition.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Learners could abandon their traditional vocabulary lists and instead perform their own actions accompanying new words.”可知，这项研究对语言学习者的建议是把动作和单词重复结合起来。故选D。
B(此篇精读)
With the rapid development，the city of Chongqing is becoming more and more attractive to outsiders，including foreigners.For 26-year-old Moldovan Gabriela Cojocaru，who has the Chinese nickname Li Xiaoxiao，Chongqing is the beginning of a dream.
In September 2014，Xiaoxiao，who has studied ethnic dance and ballet since childhood，graduated from the Moldovan National Dance Academy，and several classmates joined her on a trip to China.However，she did not know any Chinese or even English.She made many friends from China，which gradually solved her obstacles in language communication and made herself better adapted to life in China.
“I think as a foreigner，first you have to learn Chinese，” she said.“Then you can go to better understand the culture and the Chinese people.” But after learning what she thought was Chinese，she discovered that the language she had spent two years learning is actually the Chongqing dialect.Such is her delivery that even a Chongqing local would be hard to tell that she is a foreigner by just hearing her voice.As Xiaoxiao thought Chongqing dialect was standard Chinese，she took considerable efforts to be good at it.This “mistake” has turned out to be a lucky strike.
But she is more interested in doing something that helps the two countries understand each other.As such，she introduced Chinese food or Chongqing food，and stories about China to her friends in Moldova.She plans to introduce the history and specialties of Moldova，such as Moldovan wine，to the Chinese.She hopes to let more people know that this country actually has a rich history of more than 5,000 years of wine-making.
“I’d love to do it，” she said.“I will continue to strengthen the culture of the two countries and hope that the two countries will become better and better.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一名摩尔多瓦女孩在中国学习汉语并积极促进两国文化交流的故事。
5．Why does Xiaoxiao make Chinese friends
A．To learn more local dialects.
B．To study more about ethnic dance.
C．To appreciate more about new cultures.
D．To communicate with others more easily.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“She made many friends from China，which gradually solved her obstacles in language communication and made herself better adapted to life in China.”可知，潇潇在中国交了很多朋友，这些朋友帮助她逐渐解决了语言交流上的困难，使她更好地适应了中国的生活。故选D。
6．What does the underlined word “delivery” mean in paragraph 3
A．Dialect. B．Ballet.
C．Dream. D．Mistake.
答案　A
解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段第三句中的“she discovered that the language she had spent two years learning is actually the Chongqing dialect”以及画线词后文“even a Chongqing local would be hard to...her voice”可知，重庆本地人单凭她的声音很难听出她是个外国人，这说明她的方言很纯正，画线词是对重庆方言的指代。故选A。
7．Which of the following best describes Xiaoxiao according to the text
A．Cautious and smart.
B．Humorous and creative.
C．Friendly and optimistic.
D．Hard-working and responsible.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句“As Xiaoxiao thought Chongqing dialect was standard Chinese，she took considerable efforts to be good at it.”及第四段第一句“But she is more interested in doing something that helps the two countries understand each other.”可知，潇潇下了很大的功夫学习重庆方言并且有兴趣做一些能够帮助两个国家了解彼此的事情。通过这些事例可以体现出她是一个既努力又有责任感的女孩。故选D。
8．Where can the text be found
A．In a biography.
B．In a novel.
C．In a culture magazine.
D．In a history book.
答案　C
解析　文章出处题。通读全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了潇潇来中国学习汉语并积极促进两国文化交流的故事，所以本文最可能出现在与文化相关的杂志上。故选C。
[词汇积累] 1．obstacle n．阻碍，障碍 2．considerable adj.相当多(或大、重要等)的 3．turn out结果是 4．strike 熟义：vi.& vt.侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击 生义(文义)：n.意外发现 5．specialty n．特产 [句式分析] 1．But after learning what she thought was Chinese，she discovered that the language she had spent two years learning is actually the Chongqing dialect. 分析：此句为复合句。after learning...为时间状语；what引导宾语从句；that引导宾语从句，the language后“she had spent two years learning”为省略了关系词that/which的定语从句。 翻译：但在学习了她所认为的汉语后，她发现自己花了两年时间学习的语言实际上是重庆话。 2．As Xiaoxiao thought Chongqing dialect was standard Chinese，she took considerable efforts to be good at it. 分析：此句为复合句。as引导原因状语从句。 翻译：因为潇潇认为重庆话是标准的汉语，所以她花了很大的努力来学好重庆话。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Why Experiencing a New Culture Is Good for You
Often the best way to really explore a new place and culture is by spending abundant time there.A quick vacation may give you a glimpse(瞥) into your destination. 1 These opportunities provide a support network as you adjust to new surroundings.
Dealing with culture shock.
Culture shock is a response to your new surroundings when abroad that can leave you confused，anxious and feeling lonely. 2 The thing is though，culture shock can be seen as a problem but also as an opportunity.Only by adjusting to and accepting new surroundings can you understand and appreciate it.
3
Perhaps the most obvious lesson learned with travel is the importance of language.Even just learning the basics of the local language can make getting about and making new friends easier.Trying to overcome the language barrier also teaches you about non-verbal communication.Since you can’t rely on what is being said，you learn to adapt to people’s tone and body language.This makes you a better communicator.
Finding inspiration.
4 In each of these creative fields you may come across new approaches or elements that you bring home with you；maybe it’s a certain combination of ingredients that you add to your cooking or a new style you adopt for your own home’s design.
Meeting new people.
Meeting people and making friends while overseas is both a necessity and one of the most enjoyable aspects of the experience. 5 It enables you to meet people that you never would have known otherwise.You may be exposed to people from different walks of life，find a similar spirit，or both at the same time.
A．Learning language skills.
B．Developing body language.
C．So you’re less likely to further experience a new culture.
D．Travelling to new cultures is a great way to expand your social circle.
E．Experiencing the local culture can expose you to local art，cuisine，architecture，etc.
F．It generally includes frustration at how even the simplest things can be different in the new culture.
G．But experiences like student or work exchange programs allow you to immerse(沉浸) in a new culture.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了体验一种新文化的好处。
1．答案　G
解析　上文“A quick vacation may give you a glimpse(瞥) into your destination.”提出短暂度假只能让你对目的地有个初步了解，结合后文“These opportunities provide a support network...”推断空处与上文构成转折，与一些“机会”有关。G项给出两种能让人沉浸在一种新的文化中的方式：学生或工作交换项目，与后文中“These opportunities”呼应，上下文语意连贯。故选G。
2．答案　F
解析　上文解释了文化冲击的含义，下文“The thing is though，culture shock can be seen as a problem but also as an opportunity.”提出文化冲击既是挑战也是机遇，由此推断，空处与下文是转折关系同时有承上的作用，也是文化冲击的问题，F项进一步解释了文化冲击，其中it指代culture shock。故选F。
3．答案　A
解析　这里为本段小标题。根据下文“Perhaps the most obvious lesson learned with travel is the importance of language.”可知，本段主要介绍体验新文化使人体会到语言的重要性。所以A项“Learning language skills.”是最佳标题。故选A。
4．答案　E
解析　根据后文“In each of these creative fields...maybe it’s a certain combination of ingredients that you add to your cooking or a new style you adopt for your own home’s design”可知，空处与灵感的来源有关，涉及艺术、美食、建筑等创造性的领域。所以E项符合上下文语境。故选E。
5．答案　D
解析　根据前一句“Meeting people and making friends while overseas is both a necessity and one of the most enjoyable aspects of the experience.”和后一句“It enables you to meet people that you never would have known otherwise.”可知，体验新文化可以扩大社交圈，结交新朋友。所以D项符合上下文语境。故选D。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·湖北高二上期末)
Peking Opera has always had an excellent reputation as the “National Opera”．When the opera troupes of Anhui entered Beijing，they were mixed with the Kunqiang and Hubei opera troupes,1.________________(eventual) becoming the perfect example of Chinese culture.In the two centuries that followed，theaters began to flourish all over China with countless repertoires and famous artists appearing.Among them，the Mei school of art 2.________________(create) by Mr Mei Lanfang has never faded.3.________________(it) influence spread far and wide，and even became famous overseas.
Born into a family of famous actors，Mei Lanfang’s performance style was elegant and beautiful，appearing reserved but actually full of complexity.The Mei Lanfang art school he founded 4._________(be) totally different from the previous Peking Opera style of having the laosheng(an aged male role) as the main focus.He created a new era by 5._______________(divide) the main focus equally between the laosheng role and the dan role,6.________________ was imitated by others in the opera world.On stage,7.________________ Mei presented were artistic creations full of Oriental elegance.And 8.________________ a cultural ambassador，he visited Japan，the United States，the Soviet Union and other countries many times，demonstrating 9.________________ unique value of Chinese opera in the world’s great houses of art.He made positive 10.________________(contribute) to exchanges and mutual learning between the Chinese and foreign civilizations.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了京剧大师梅兰芳的艺术成就。
1．答案　eventually
解析　考查副词。根据下文“becoming the perfect example of Chinese culture”可知，此处是指“最终”成为中华文化的完美典范，修饰becoming，应用副词形式。故填eventually。
2．答案　created
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词，又因为create和Mei school of art之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填created。
3．答案　Its
解析　考查代词。根据空格后的名词influence可知，此处用提示词的形容词性物主代词作定语。故填Its。
4．答案　was
解析　考查时态和主谓一致。根据上文的was和下文的created可知，本句的时态为一般过去时，且主语The Mei Lanfang art school是第三人称单数，所以be动词用was。故填was。
5．答案　dividing
解析　考查非谓语动词。根据空格前的介词by可知，此处用提示词的动名词形式作介词的宾语。故填dividing。
6．答案　which
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which来引导。故填which。
7．答案　what
解析　考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是主语从句，且从句中的动词presented后缺少宾语，所以用what来引导，指代呈现的事物。故填what。
8．答案　as
解析　考查介词。根据空格后的a cultural ambassador可知，此处用介词as表示“作为”文化大使。故填as。
9．答案　the
解析　考查冠词。根据后面的of Chinese opera可知，这里表示特指。故填定冠词the。
10．答案　contributions
解析　考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，此处用提示词的名词形式作宾语，contribution是可数名词，前无限定词，应用复数形式。故填contributions。(共85张PPT)
Period 2
Learning About Language
Bridging cultures
Unit 2
内容索引
情境导读
语法精讲
作业2
达标检测
情境导读
阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并完成后面的小题。
There are many mysteries ①what the dinosaurs looked like.You may think ②that dinosaurs were big，green and scaly，right？But the fact is ③that they appeared very different from ④what we think.In recent years，scientists have worked out ⑤what they looked like：many of them were small with feathers.Scientists also believe ⑥that many dinosaurs had bright colors.But ⑦why the dinosaurs came into extinction is still a mystery.
以上加颜色部分均为 从句；名词性从句即在复合句中起名词作用的从句，包括 从句，如⑦； 从句，如①； 从句，如③； 从句，如②、④、⑤和⑥。连接代词what在①、④和⑤中作 ；从属连词that在②、③和⑥中不作成分，只起 作用；连接副词why在⑦中作 。
名词性
主语
同位语
表语
宾语
宾语
返 回
连接
原因状语
语法精讲
一、名词性从句总述
1.概念
名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词(词组)，它在复合句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句要用陈述语序，即：连接词＋主语＋谓语。
2.引导词
连接 代词 what，which，who，whom，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever等，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语
连接 副词 when，where，how，why等，在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语等
从属 连词 that，whether，if，as if/though等，在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用
二、名词性从句的种类
1.主语从句
主语从句是指在复合句中作主语的从句。主语从句可直接放在句首。如果主语从句过长，可用it作形式主语。
it作形式主语常有下列句型：
It is＋名词(a fact，a pity，a question，no wonder...)＋that从句
It is＋形容词(necessary，strange，important，possible...)＋that从句
It is＋过去分词(said，reported，decided，believed，suggested，ordered...)＋that从句
It＋动词(短语)(seem，happen，turn out，occur to...)＋that从句)
How he can learn to appreciate Chinese culture remains an important goal for him.学会如何欣赏中华文化对他来说仍然是一个重要目标。
That they should get well prepared for their future is obvious to the students.
＝It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.
显而易见，学生们应该为自己的未来做好准备。
Whether he will succeed remains to be seen.
＝It remains to be seen whether he will succeed.
他是否会成功还有待观察。
Why the fire broke out is still unknown.
＝It is still unknown why the fire broke out.
人们仍然不知道这场火灾为何会发生。
2.宾语从句
在复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句常放在动词、动词短语(如find out，point out，make sure，keep in mind等)、介词(短语)或一些形容词(afraid，happy，surprised，certain，pleased，sorry)后作宾语。
His tutor explained (that) he should read more books.
他的导师解释说他应该多读书。
I will do what/whatever I can (do) to help him.
我会尽我所能去帮助他。
I wonder whether/if they will come to our party.我想知道他们是否会来参加我们的聚会。
She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class.
她问我谁的书法是班上最好的。
It depends on how we solve the problem.
这取决于我们如何解决这个问题。
[点津]　(1)带复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后面，而用it作形式宾语；当主句中的谓语动词是短语动词，而宾语是从句时，虽然没有宾语补足语，也常用it作形式宾语，后接that引导的宾语从句。it作形式宾语的常用句型如下：
①find，consider，think，feel，believe，make＋it＋adj./n.＋宾语从句
②enjoy，love，like，hate，insist on，see to，depend on，rely on＋it＋宾语从句
③take it for granted that...认为……理所当然
The class size makes it more possible that we can engage in classroom activities.
班级规模使我们更有可能参与课堂活动。
I insist on it that you need to take action in advance.我坚持认为你需要提前采取行动。
Some teenagers take it for granted that our parents should take care of us.一些青少年认为父母应该照顾我们是理所当然的。
I see to it that I will come to your assistance whenever you are in trouble.
我保证无论何时你有困难，我都会来帮助你。
(2)当and/but连接两个或者两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个宾语从句可省略that，后面的宾语从句中的that不能省略。
He told me (that) he had two sons and that they had both gone to college.
他告诉我他有两个儿子，他们都去上大学了。
(3)在动词think，believe，guess，suppose，expect，imagine，fancy等后面的宾语从句中，有时将谓语动词的否定含义转移到主句谓语上，将think等词变为否定形式。
I don’t think that I can ever forgive her.
我想我永远也不会原谅她。
I don’t suppose that it’s his fault，is it
我想那不是他的错，对吧？
3.表语从句
在复合句中作表语，出现在连系动词之后，一般结构为“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。
The trouble is that I have lost his address.
麻烦是我把他的地址弄丢了。
I was very angry.That was because he didn’t come.我很生气，那是因为他没来。(强调原因)
He didn’t come.That was why I was very angry.
他没来，那就是为什么我很生气。(强调结果)
The reason why I was very angry was that he didn’t come.我很生气的原因是他没来。
The question is whether he can make it.
问题是他能否成功。
4.同位语从句
在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。它一般放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question等抽象名词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步的解释，或说明前面名词的具体含义。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.
他还没有作出决定是否去那里。
I have no idea where he lives.
我不知道他住在哪里。
The question who should do the job requires consideration.
谁应该做这项工作的问题需要考虑。
[点津]　that引导的同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
(1)从意义上看，同位语从句是对一个名词的具体内容加以解释说明；定语从句是对名词进行修饰限定。
(2)从结构上看，that引导同位语从句时，不作成分；that引导定语从句时作成分。
比较：He told me the news that our team won.(同位语从句)
He told me the news that was exciting.(定语从句)
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空
① you should remember is that most students feel nervous like you.
②I have some doubt we can win the contest，so I am quite nervous.
③We haven’t discussed yet we are going to place our new furniture.
④As a new graduate，he doesn’t know it takes to start a business here.
⑤Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears and no one in the office knew she was so angry.
What
whether
where
what
why
⑥The problem is will keep me company when I fall ill.
⑦It never occurred to me you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
⑧The word came the film star returned from the UK.
⑨You can depend on that he can come to your assistance whenever you are in trouble.
⑩I said he came from Beijing and he graduated from Peking University in 1998.
who
that
that
that
it
三、名词性从句中一些连接词的注意事项
1.从属连词that，whether，if
that，whether和if只起连接作用，在名词性从句中不作成分；that本身无含义，引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及介词后的宾语从句时不可省略；whether/if都有“是否”的意思。whether和if有时可通用，但在下列情况下，只可用whether而不用if：
①引导主语从句并放在句首时；
②引导表语从句、同位语从句时；
③引导介词后的宾语从句时；
④从句后有“or not”时；
⑤后接动词不定式时。
That he is brave enough to admit faults is his strength.他勇于承认错误是他的长处。
Please let me know whether/if the time is suitable for you.请告诉我这个时间是否适合你。
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
月球上是否有生命是个有趣的问题。
I am doubtful about whether I will attend the evening party.
＝I am doubtful about whether to attend the evening party.
我拿不准是否参加晚会。
2.连接代词whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever
连接代词whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever可引导名词性从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语和表语等；此时whatever，whoever等在从句中通常不含疑问意义，whatever＝anything that，whoever＝anyone who。它们也可引导让步状语从句，引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
Whichever team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.(whichever引导主语从句，并在从句中作定语)
He objects to whatever idea I offer.(whatever引导宾语从句，并在从句中作定语)
他反对我提出的任何意见。
Whatever happens，I will help you.(whatever引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what)
无论发生什么事，我都会帮你。
Whoever comes will be welcome.(whoever引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语)　
任何人来都受欢迎。
Whoever wins first prize，he will get a present.(whoever引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter who)
无论谁赢得头奖，他都将得到一份礼物。
[即时训练2]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①To improve the quality of our products，we asked had used the products for suggestions.
②My suggestion is you should participate in this competition，which is really a good opportunity.
③I doubt you can finish the task on time，so do you need my help
④ he will come or not makes no difference to me.
whoever
that
whether/if
Whether
⑤在我看来，她所做的一切都是完全正确的。
As far as I am concerned， is completely right.
⑥无论你做什么决定，你都必须仔细考虑。
，you must think carefully.
whatever she does
Whatever decisions you make
返 回
达标检测
1.You can watch some movies and study people speak. ________
2.There is no doubt keeping an English diary helps you a lot with your written English. ___________
3. I have achieved in English learning makes my mother quite delighted. __________
4.The question is will be the successful applicant for the summer job.
_________
5.It remains to be seen my research paper will be well received.
__________
how
Ⅰ.用合适的引导词填空并判断所填词引导的是何种名词性从句
宾语从句
that
同位语从句
What
主语从句
who
表语从句
whether/if
主语从句
1.我被他所做的事深深地感动了，泪水止不住地流下来。
I was deeply moved by ，tears rolling down without control.
2.最重要的是我们从来没有丧失继续努力的热情。
is to keep on trying.
3.我们坚信游客能够通过这次活动更多地了解中华传统文化。
We hold the strong belief _________________________________________
__________________________________.
Ⅱ.完成句子
what he had done
What is the most important
that we never lose the passion
that visitors can learn more about traditional
Chinese culture through the activity
4.我是否会参加这次英语演讲比赛还要看情况。
It remains to be seen _____________________________________________
______________.
5.精通英语口语使我能够自由地与外国人交流。
enables me to communicate with foreigners freely.
6.他之所以申请这份工作是因为他想获得更多的工作经验。
The reason why he applied for the job was___________________________
_________________.
That I have a good command of oral English
返 回
whether/if I will participate in the English speech
competition
that he wanted to attain more
working experience
作业2
1.It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
2.The gold medal will be awarded to wins first place in the bicycle race.
3.When everyone quieted down，the speaker began to talk，saying that this was exactly was happening in their lives.
4.The proposal the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.
5.I can make sure that you can rely on that he can help with your emergencies.
that
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
whoever
what
that
it
6.When I asked he was heading，he made no answer.
7.In the past，we mostly had to rely on the radio or newspapers to know _______was going on in the world.
8.I find interesting that I can deal with the math problem under his guidance.
9.They couldn’t understand I refused to take part in the party.
10.I don’t agree with the plan he put forward just now at the conference.
where
what
why
it
that/which
1. happened in my restaurant today was unbelievable.This afternoon a poorly dressed gentleman came into my restaurant.Nobody knew 2. he was.3. ________surprised us was 4. he finished two orders of food in a very limited time.We wondered 5. he was so hungry.There was some doubt 6. the man was able to pay the bill.The gentleman asked 7. we would mind waiting for just a few minutes.Then we were shocked to see 8. he took out of an envelope—a million-pound bank note.I heard the news 9. two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England.
Ⅱ.给下列短文中的名词性从句填上适当的引导词
What
who
What
that
why
whether
if/whether
that
that
Hence,10. the gentleman showed us couldn’t be a fake.11. a gentleman with a million-pound bank note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there.I really couldn’t describe 12. surprised I was.
what
That
how
A
(2025·广东惠州高二上期中)
It has previously been proved that representative gestures improve memory for concrete words，in particular action words.Here，we investigate the impact of gestures on abstract word learning in a foreign language.We further ask if learning novel words with gestures promotes sentence production.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章分享了一个关于手势和外语学习的研究，这项研究发现语言学习者学习外语时，使用手势对记忆外语中的抽象词汇有积极的影响。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
Thus twenty German speakers were recruited(招募) to participate in the experiment，with an average age of 21，consisting of 12 females and 8 males.No one had any known hearing loss.The training material contained 32 abstract sentences in an artificial language database created for experimental purposes.The 32 sentences were randomly distributed in two training conditions，with 16 sentences per group.
In condition 1，participants saw the word and heard it.After half a second，its translation into German appeared on the screen.Meanwhile，a video with a still image of the actress appeared on the screen.
Participants were cued to repeat the word they had previously seen and heard aloud.In condition 2，participants saw and heard a word.Half a second later，the German translation showed up.At the same time，a video with the actress performing a symbolic gesture for the word appeared on the screen.Participants read the word aloud and repeated the gesture.
Participants were trained on the 32 sentences for 6 days.Memory performance was assessed daily using different tests.The overall results support the prediction that learners have better memory for words with gestures.
In the sentence test，participants produced new sentences with the words they had acquired.Words represented with gestures were used more frequently，showing their enhanced accessibility in memory.
If adding a gesture to a word in a foreign language is a key to better storage and slower forgetting，teaching and learning should take this into account.Teachers could present new texts by connecting new words with gestures and encouraging students to repeat them.Learners could abandon their traditional vocabulary lists and instead perform their own actions accompanying new words.
1.What was the purpose of inviting twenty German speakers
A.To evaluate the impact of hearing problem.
B.To test their ability to learn foreign language.
C.To compare audiovisual and gesture learning.
D.To confirm the pre-experimental assumption.
√
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Here，we investigate the impact of gestures on abstract word learning in a foreign language.We further ask if learning novel words with gestures promotes sentence production.”可知，该实验招募了20名说德语的参与者，目的是验证实验前的假设，即在外语学习中，使用手势是否能够增强对抽象词汇的记忆。故选D。
解析
2.How did the training conditions differ for participants
A.Both groups used the same methods with no difference.
B.Participants were divided based on their gender and age.
C.The training conditions were the same except extra gestures.
D.One used only audiovisual aids while the other only gestures.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中条件1和条件2的对比“In condition 2...At the same time，a video with the actress performing a symbolic gesture for the word appeared on the screen.”可知，参与者的训练条件是一样的，只是条件2的参与者多了些手势。故选C。
解析
3.What conclusion could be drawn from the production of sentences
A.Words with actions were more likely to be used.
B.Participants performed better with some gestures.
C.Memory influenced sentence production abilities.
D.Gestures had no effect on the sentence production.
√
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Words represented with gestures were used more frequently，showing their enhanced accessibility in memory.”可知，有手势动作的词汇更有可能被使用。故选A。
解析
4.What suggestion might the study offer for language learners
A.Depend only on audiovisual materials.
B.Teach new words with designed gestures.
C.Quit traditional vocabulary memorization.
D.Integrate movements with word repetition.
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Learners could abandon their traditional vocabulary lists and instead perform their own actions accompanying new words.”可知，这项研究对语言学习者的建议是把动作和单词重复结合起来。故选D。
解析
√
B(此篇精读)
With the rapid development，the city of Chongqing is becoming more and more attractive to outsiders，including foreigners.For 26-year-old Moldovan Gabriela Cojocaru，who has the Chinese nickname Li Xiaoxiao，Chongqing is the beginning of a dream.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一名摩尔多瓦女孩在中国学习汉语并积极促进两国文化交流的故事。
In September 2014，Xiaoxiao，who has studied ethnic dance and ballet since childhood，graduated from the Moldovan National Dance Academy，and several classmates joined her on a trip to China.However，she did not know any Chinese or even English.She made many friends from China，which gradually solved her obstacles in language communication and made herself better adapted to life in China.
“I think as a foreigner，first you have to learn Chinese，” she said.“Then you can go to better understand the culture and the Chinese people.” But after learning what she thought was Chinese，she discovered that the language she had spent two years learning is actually the Chongqing dialect.Such is her delivery that even a Chongqing local would be hard to tell that she is a foreigner by just hearing her voice.As Xiaoxiao thought Chongqing dialect was standard Chinese，she took considerable efforts to be good at it.This “mistake” has turned out to be a lucky strike.
But she is more interested in doing something that helps the two countries understand each other.As such，she introduced Chinese food or Chongqing food，and stories about China to her friends in Moldova.She plans to introduce the history and specialties of Moldova，such as Moldovan wine，to the Chinese.She hopes to let more people know that this country actually has a rich history of more than 5,000 years of wine-making.
“I’d love to do it，” she said.“I will continue to strengthen the culture of the two countries and hope that the two countries will become better and better.”
5.Why does Xiaoxiao make Chinese friends
A.To learn more local dialects.
B.To study more about ethnic dance.
C.To appreciate more about new cultures.
D.To communicate with others more easily.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“She made many friends from China，which gradually solved her obstacles in language communication and made herself better adapted to life in China.”可知，潇潇在中国交了很多朋友，这些朋友帮助她逐渐解决了语言交流上的困难，使她更好地适应了中国的生活。故选D。
解析
6.What does the underlined word “delivery” mean in paragraph 3
A.Dialect. B.Ballet.
C.Dream. D.Mistake.
√
词义猜测题。根据第三段第三句中的“she discovered that the language she had spent two years learning is actually the Chongqing dialect”以及画线词后文“even a Chongqing local would be hard to...her voice”可知，重庆本地人单凭她的声音很难听出她是个外国人，这说明她的方言很纯正，画线词是对重庆方言的指代。故选A。
解析
7.Which of the following best describes Xiaoxiao according to the text
A.Cautious and smart.
B.Humorous and creative.
C.Friendly and optimistic.
D.Hard-working and responsible.
√
推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句“As Xiaoxiao thought Chongqing dialect was standard Chinese，she took considerable efforts to be good at it.”及第四段第一句“But she is more interested in doing something that helps the two countries understand each other.”可知，潇潇下了很大的功夫学习重庆方言并且有兴趣做一些能够帮助两个国家了解彼此的事情。通过这些事例可以体现出她是一个既努力又有责任感的女孩。故选D。
解析
8.Where can the text be found
A.In a biography.
B.In a novel.
C.In a culture magazine.
D.In a history book.
√
文章出处题。通读全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了潇潇来中国学习汉语并积极促进两国文化交流的故事，所以本文最可能出现在与文化相关的杂志上。故选C。
解析
1.obstacle n.阻碍，障碍
2.considerable adj.相当多(或大、重要等)的
3.turn out结果是
4.strike 熟义：vi.& vt.侵袭；突击；击打 n.罢工；罢课；袭击 生义(文义)：n.意外发现
5.specialty n.特产
词汇积累
1.But after learning what she thought was Chinese，she discovered that the language she had spent two years learning is actually the Chongqing dialect.
分析：此句为复合句。after learning...为时间状语；what引导宾语从句；that引导宾语从句，the language后“she had spent two years learning”为省略了关系词that/which的定语从句。
翻译：但在学习了她所认为的汉语后，她发现自己花了两年时间学习的语言实际上是重庆话。
句式分析
2.As Xiaoxiao thought Chongqing dialect was standard Chinese，she took considerable efforts to be good at it.
分析：此句为复合句。as引导原因状语从句。
翻译：因为潇潇认为重庆话是标准的汉语，所以她花了很大的努力来学好重庆话。
Why Experiencing a New Culture Is Good for You
Often the best way to really explore a new place and culture is by spending abundant time there.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了体验一种新文化的好处。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读
A quick vacation may give you a glimpse(瞥) into your destination. 1 These opportunities provide a support network as you adjust to new surroundings.
A.Learning language skills.
B.Developing body language.
C.So you’re less likely to further experience a new culture.
D.Travelling to new cultures is a great way to expand your social circle.
E.Experiencing the local culture can expose you to local art，cuisine，architecture，etc.
F.It generally includes frustration at how even the simplest things can be different in
the new culture.
G.But experiences like student or work exchange programs allow you to immerse(沉浸)
in a new culture.
√
上文“A quick vacation may give you a glimpse(瞥) into your destination.”提出短暂度假只能让你对目的地有个初步了解，结合后文“These opportunities provide a support network...”推断空处与上文构成转折，与一些“机会”有关。G项给出两种能让人沉浸在一种新的文化中的方式：学生或工作交换项目，与后文中“These opportunities”呼应，上下文语意连贯。故选G。
解析
Dealing with culture shock.
Culture shock is a response to your new surroundings when abroad that can leave you confused，anxious and feeling lonely. 2 The thing is though，culture shock can be seen as a problem but also as an opportunity.
A.Learning language skills.
B.Developing body language.
C.So you’re less likely to further experience a new culture.
D.Travelling to new cultures is a great way to expand your social circle.
E.Experiencing the local culture can expose you to local art，cuisine，architecture，etc.
F.It generally includes frustration at how even the simplest things can be different in
the new culture.
G.But experiences like student or work exchange programs allow you to immerse(沉浸)
in a new culture.
√
上文解释了文化冲击的含义，下文“The thing is though，culture shock can be seen as a problem but also as an opportunity.”提出文化冲击既是挑战也是机遇，由此推断，空处与下文是转折关系同时有承上的作用，也是文化冲击的问题，F项进一步解释了文化冲击，其中it指代culture shock。故选F。
解析
Only by adjusting to and accepting new surroundings can you understand and appreciate it.
3
A.Learning language skills.
B.Developing body language.
C.So you’re less likely to further experience a new culture.
D.Travelling to new cultures is a great way to expand your social circle.
E.Experiencing the local culture can expose you to local art，cuisine，architecture，etc.
F.It generally includes frustration at how even the simplest things can be different in
the new culture.
G.But experiences like student or work exchange programs allow you to immerse(沉浸)
in a new culture.
√
这里为本段小标题。根据下文“Perhaps the most obvious lesson learned with travel is the importance of language.”可知，本段主要介绍体验新文化使人体会到语言的重要性。所以A项“Learning language skills.”是最佳标题。故选A。
解析
Perhaps the most obvious lesson learned with travel is the importance of language.Even just learning the basics of the local language can make getting about and making new friends easier.Trying to overcome the language barrier also teaches you about non-verbal communication.Since you can’t rely on what is being said，you learn to adapt to people’s tone and body language.This makes you a better communicator.
Finding inspiration.
4 In each of these creative fields you may come across new approaches or elements that you bring home with you；
A.Learning language skills.
B.Developing body language.
C.So you’re less likely to further experience a new culture.
D.Travelling to new cultures is a great way to expand your social circle.
E.Experiencing the local culture can expose you to local art，cuisine，architecture，etc.
F.It generally includes frustration at how even the simplest things can be different in
the new culture.
G.But experiences like student or work exchange programs allow you to immerse(沉浸)
in a new culture.
√
根据后文“In each of these creative fields...maybe it’s a certain combination of ingredients that you add to your cooking or a new style you adopt for your own home’s design”可知，空处与灵感的来源有关，涉及艺术、美食、建筑等创造性的领域。所以E项符合上下文语境。故选E。
解析
maybe it’s a certain combination of ingredients that you add to your cooking or a new style you adopt for your own home’s design.
Meeting new people.
Meeting people and making friends while overseas is both a necessity and one of the most enjoyable aspects of the experience. 5 It enables you to meet people that you never would have known otherwise.
A.Learning language skills.
B.Developing body language.
C.So you’re less likely to further experience a new culture.
D.Travelling to new cultures is a great way to expand your social circle.
E.Experiencing the local culture can expose you to local art，cuisine，architecture，etc.
F.It generally includes frustration at how even the simplest things can be different in
the new culture.
G.But experiences like student or work exchange programs allow you to immerse(沉浸)
in a new culture.
√
根据前一句“Meeting people and making friends while overseas is both a necessity and one of the most enjoyable aspects of the experience.”和后一句“It enables you to meet people that you never would have known otherwise.”可知，体验新文化可以扩大社交圈，结交新朋友。所以D项符合上下文语境。故选D。
解析
You may be exposed to people from different walks of life，find a similar spirit，or both at the same time.
(2025·湖北高二上期末)
Peking Opera has always had an excellent reputation as the “National Opera”.When the opera troupes of Anhui entered Beijing，
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了京剧大师梅兰芳的艺术
成就。
Ⅴ.语法填空
they were mixed with the Kunqiang and Hubei opera troupes,1._________
(eventual) becoming the perfect example of Chinese culture.In the two centuries that followed，theaters began to flourish all over China with countless repertoires and famous artists appearing.Among them，the Mei school of art 2.__________(create) by Mr Mei Lanfang has never faded.
eventually
created
1.考查副词。根据下文“becoming the perfect example of Chinese culture”可知，此处是指“最终”成为中华文化的完美典范，修饰becoming，应用副词形式。故填eventually。
2.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词，又因为create和Mei school of art之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填created。
解析
3._______(it) influence spread far and wide，and even became famous overseas.
Its
考查代词。根据空格后的名词influence可知，此处用提示词的形容词性物主代词作定语。故填Its。
解析
Born into a family of famous actors，Mei Lanfang’s performance style was elegant and beautiful，appearing reserved but actually full of complexity.The Mei Lanfang art school he founded 4._______(be) totally different from the previous Peking Opera style of having the laosheng(an aged male role) as the main focus.
was
考查时态和主谓一致。根据上文的was和下文的created可知，本句的时态为一般过去时，且主语The Mei Lanfang art school是第三人称单数，所以be动词用was。故填was。
解析
He created a new era by 5._____________(divide) the main focus equally between the laosheng role and the dan role,6.__________ was imitated by others in the opera world.
5.考查非谓语动词。根据空格前的介词by可知，此处用提示词的动名词形式作介词的宾语。故填dividing。
6.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which来引导。故填which。
解析
dividing
which
On stage,7.__________ Mei presented were artistic creations full of Oriental elegance.
考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是主语从句，且从句中的动词presented后缺少宾语，所以用what来引导，指代呈现的事物。故填what。
解析
what
And 8.______ a cultural ambassador，he visited Japan，the United States，the Soviet Union and other countries many times，demonstrating 9._______ unique value of Chinese opera in the world’s great houses of art.
8.考查介词。根据空格后的a cultural ambassador可知，此处用介词as表示“作为”文化大使。故填as。
9.考查冠词。根据后面的of Chinese opera可知，这里表示特指。故填定冠词the。
解析
as
the
He made positive 10.________________(contribute) to exchanges and mutual learning between the Chinese and foreign civilizations.
考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，此处用提示词的名词形式作宾语，contribution是可数名词，前无限定词，应用复数形式。故填contributions。
解析
contributions
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