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Period 5　Writing
写作一　应用文写作——议论文
本单元的写作目标是“议论文”。议论文主要通过议论和说理来表达作者的见解和主张。作者在文中对某一问题持有一种看法，为了使他人同意自己的看法，提出若干理由，试图说服他人。英语议论文的三大要素：论点、论据和论证。
本单元的写作任务是写一封议论信，谈论有关出国留学的不同观点。
1．点明主题
We had a heated debate/discussion about whether...我们就是否……进行了一场激烈的讨论。
We had a survey on whether...
我们就是否……开展了一项调查。
There is widespread concern over the issue that...
人们普遍关切的问题是……
Recently，there is much debate surrounding the benefits and drawbacks of...
最近，关于……的利弊有很多争论。
2．正反观点
Different people hold different opinions on it.
不同的人对此有不同的看法。
People take different attitudes towards/to...
人们对……有不同的态度。
Some people hold the view/think/believe that...
有些人认为……
Those who are for/against...think that...
那些支持/反对……的人认为……
One of the reasons why...choose to go abroad is that...want to experience a different culture.
……选择出国的原因之一是……想体验一种不同的文化。
Just as an old saying goes，“Every coin has two sides.”
正如一句老话所说，“凡事都有两面性。”
first/firstly/in the first place/to start with/to begin with/first of all首先；第一
second/secondly其次；第二
besides/moreover/furthermore/what’s more/in addition此外，而且
for one thing...for another.../on the one hand...on the other hand...一方面……另一方面……
3．自己的观点
In my view/In my opinion/As far as I’m concerned/As far as I know，I firmly support the former/latter view.
在我看来/依我看/就我而言/据我所知，我坚决支持前/后一种观点。
To sum up...综上所述……
假如你是红星中学高二学生李华，请你给某英文报社编辑写一封信，告诉他你校发起的一次有关出国学习的讨论，信的内容包括：
1．介绍讨论的相关内容(如留学的支持者与反对者的观点等)；
2．表明你自己的观点。
第一步　审题谋篇
第二步　遣词造句
核心词汇　(单元写作词汇运用)
1．迅速发展；繁荣 boom
2．申请做某事 apply to do sth
3．支持；站在……的一边side with
4．就某人而言；依某人看来 as far as sb be concerned
5．获得全球视野gain a global perspective
6．增强语言能力 strengthen language competence
7．(使)花一大笔钱 cost an arm and a leg
8．举止得体behave oneself
9．适应 make an adaptation to/adapt (oneself) to
连词成句　(教材句式仿写)
1．随着社会和经济的蓬勃发展，目前许多人申请出国留学。
As society and economy have boomed，many people apply to study abroad at present.
2．许多人支持正在国外留学的人。
Many people side with people who are studying abroad.
3．体验外国文化不仅有助于获得国际视野，而且能增强语言能力。
Being exposed to foreign cultures not only helps to gain a global perspective，but also strengthens language competence.
4．没有人能否认的事实是在国外学习会花一大笔钱。
One cannot deny the fact that/No one can deny the fact that studying abroad will cost an arm and a leg.
5．并不是所有人都知道如何举止得体，因为不是所有的人都足够成熟。
Not all the people know how to behave themselves because not all of them are mature enough.
6．他们找不到任何亲友来安慰和激励他们。
They can’t find any relatives or friends to comfort and motivate them.
7．他们将很难适应陌生的环境。
They will have great difficulty making an adaptation to the unfamiliar surroundings.
8．依我看来，是否去国外学习取决于你对自己有什么样的期望。
As far as I am concerned，whether to study abroad or not depends on what expectations you have for yourself.
第三步　句式升级
1．将句3改成not only位于句首的倒装句。
Not only does being exposed to foreign cultures help to gain a global perspective，but it also strengthens language competence.
2．用with的复合结构合并句6和句7。
With no relatives or friends comforting and motivating them，they will have great difficulty making an adaptation to the unfamiliar surroundings.
第四步　组句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。
参考范文
Dear Editor，
I’m writing to tell you a discussion in our school about whether to study at home or abroad.
As society and economy have boomed，many people apply to study abroad at present.On the one hand，many people side with people who are studying abroad.As far as they are concerned，not only does being exposed to foreign cultures help to gain a global perspective，but it also strengthens language competence.On the other hand，one cannot deny the fact that studying abroad will cost an arm and a leg.Initially，all the people don’t know how to behave themselves because not all of them are mature enough.With no relatives or friends comforting and motivating them，they will have great difficulty making an adaptation to the unfamiliar surroundings.
As far as I am concerned，whether to study abroad or not depends on what expectations you have for yourself.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友杰克逊(Jackson)最近在考虑是否要出国留学，他来信征求你的意见。请你就此用英语给他写信，阐述你的观点，并给出理由(不少于三个)。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
参考范文
Dear Jackson，
I’m more than delighted to share my opinion.Frankly speaking，I hold the strong view that it makes good sense to study abroad.
To begin with，exposure to a foreign language setting while we are studying abroad makes the learning process attractive and effective.Furthermore，by experiencing a different culture of a foreign country，we can definitely gain great insight into the world because cross-cultural experiences can give us a global perspective.Finally，studying abroad takes us out of our comfort zone，which can change us for the better.
With the above reasons considered，I sincerely hope you can choose to study abroad and begin a completely new life.
Yours，
Li Hua
写作二　读后续写微技能
Ⅰ.增分语料积累
情感细节描写之难过与悲伤
常用词汇 单词 sad adj.悲伤的→sadly adv.悲伤地→sadness n．悲伤　heartbroken adj.心碎的 disappoint vt.使失望→disappointed adj.失望的→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望　depress vt.使抑郁，使沮丧→depressed adj.抑郁的，沮丧的→depression n．沮丧 frustrate vt.使沮丧→frustrated adj.沮丧的→frustrating adj.令人沮丧的→frustration n．懊恼，沮丧 sorrow n．悲伤 vi.感到(或表示)悲伤→sorrowful adj.悲哀的 desperate adj.绝望的　upset adj.心烦意乱的，难过的vt.使心烦意乱，使生气 unhappy adj.不高兴的→unhappiness n．苦恼；忧愁　grief n．悲伤，悲痛　tear n．眼泪 cry vi.& vt.哭泣　sob vi.啜泣 vt.哭诉　weep vi.& vt.(通常因悲伤)哭泣，流泪　tremble/shake vi.颤抖
词块 with a heavy heart怀着沉重的心情 a broken heart破碎的心 fall into despair/helplessness 陷入绝望/无助 with tears in one’s eyes 眼里含着泪水 drag one’s feet 拖着脚走路 feel like drowning in an endless ocean感觉就像被淹没在无尽的海洋里 burst into tears/burst out crying 突然大哭起来
精美句式 Hearing the sad news，she stood there，tears rolling down her cheeks.(独立主格) 听到这个令人悲伤的消息，她站在那里，眼泪顺着脸颊滚落下来。 She got down on her knees，weeping such heartbroken tears.(现在分词短语作状语) 她跪在地上，哭得十分伤心。 A wave of sadness flooded over me and I burst into tears.(无灵主语) 一阵悲伤涌上心头，我忍不住大哭起来。 He came to me with a long face.他愁眉苦脸地来找我。 She felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn’t help weeping bitterly. 她感到一阵悲伤，忍不住痛哭起来。
即时演练
①我瘫倒在地，感觉就像被淹没在无尽的海洋里。(现在分词短语作状语)
I collapsed to the ground，feeling like drowning in an endless ocean.
②我又绝望又担心，悲伤的泪水模糊了我的双眼。(独立主格)
I was desperate and concerned，tears of sadness clouding my eyes.
③怀着沉重的心情，我陷入绝望，拖着脚在街上走着，泪水夺眶而出。
With a heavy heart，I fell into despair/helplessness and dragged my feet on the street，with tears welling up in my eyes.
Ⅱ.教材语料积累
词汇 情感描写 comfort n．安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 vt.安慰；抚慰　feel at home舒服自在；不拘束　overwhelming adj.无法抗拒的；巨大的；压倒性的→overwhelm vt.(常用于被动语态)使不知所措；压倒　depressed adj.沮丧的；意志消沉的→depress vt.使沮丧；使忧愁　optimistic adj.乐观的　sincerely adv.真诚地；诚实地
动作描写 participate in参加；参与　engage in(使)从事；参与　motivate vt.成为……的动机；激发；激励　expose vt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境)　grasp vt.理解；领会；抓紧　strengthen vi.& vt.加强；增强；巩固　gain vt.获得；赢得；取得；增加　side with支持；站在……的一边
句型 1.Six months ago,19-year-old Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends and boarded a plane for London.(动作描写) 2.I was very excited but also quite nervous.(情感描写) 3.Xie Lei was confused because she thought she knew less than other people.(情感描写) 4.Now halfway through her exchange year，Xie Lei feels much more at home in the UK.(情感描写) 5.British people are fascinated by our culture and eager to learn more about it，so I’m keen to share my culture with them.(情感描写) 6.There are no great difficulties for a person who is brave，optimistic，and willing to work hard！(人物描写) 7.Chinese students can be seen as cultural envoys promoting friendship between nations.(比喻) 8.All in all，studying abroad helps build character and increase people’s understanding of cultural diversity while strengthening China and building a shared future for all.(主旨升华)
续写语料运用
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。
暴露于完全陌生的环境中，我被一种无法抗拒的孤独感淹没。我是如此沮丧，以至于我感觉好像自己被扔进了黑暗的世界。我整天愁眉不展。幸运的是，热心的同学真诚地激励我抓住每一个参加集体活动的机会，从这些活动中我获得了许多。逐渐地我不仅不拘束了，而且增强了自信心。有我的同学支持我、安慰我，我变得越来越乐观，嘴角时常挂着幸福的微笑。
1．Exposed to(过去分词作状语) the completely unfamiliar surroundings，I 2.was overwhelmed by a sense of overwhelming loneliness.3.So depressed was I(完全倒装) that I felt as if I had been thrown into a world of darkness.I had a worried frown on my face every day.Luckily，my warm-hearted classmates 4.sincerely motivated me to grasp every chance to participate/engage in group activities，from which I 5.gained a lot.Gradually not only 6.did I feel at home but I also 7.strengthened my confidence.With my classmates 8.siding with me and comforting me，I became 9.increasingly optimistic，a smile of happiness often on my lips.(共37张PPT)
Period 5
Writing
Bridging cultures
Unit 2
内容索引
写作一　应用文写作——议论文
写作二　读后续写微技能
写作一　应用文写作——议论文
本单元的写作目标是“议论文”。议论文主要通过议论和说理来表达作者的见解和主张。作者在文中对某一问题持有一种看法，为了使他人同意自己的看法，提出若干理由，试图说服他人。英语议论文的三大要素：论点、论据和论证。
本单元的写作任务是写一封议论信，谈论有关出国留学的不同观点。
1.点明主题
We had a heated debate/discussion about whether...我们就是否……进行了一场激烈的讨论。
We had a survey on whether...
我们就是否……开展了一项调查。
There is widespread concern over the issue that...
人们普遍关切的问题是……
Recently，there is much debate surrounding the benefits and drawbacks of...
最近，关于……的利弊有很多争论。
常用表达
2.正反观点
Different people hold different opinions on it.
不同的人对此有不同的看法。
People take different attitudes towards/to...
人们对……有不同的态度。
Some people hold the view/think/believe that...
有些人认为……
Those who are for/against...think that...
那些支持/反对……的人认为……
One of the reasons why...choose to go abroad is that...want to experience a different culture.
……选择出国的原因之一是……想体验一种不同的文化。
Just as an old saying goes，“Every coin has two sides.”
正如一句老话所说，“凡事都有两面性。”
first/firstly/in the first place/to start with/to begin with/first of all首先；第一
second/secondly其次；第二
besides/moreover/furthermore/what’s more/in addition此外，而且
for one thing...for another.../on the one hand...on the other hand...一方面……另一方面……
3.自己的观点
In my view/In my opinion/As far as I’m concerned/As far as I know，I firmly support the former/latter view.
在我看来/依我看/就我而言/据我所知，我坚决支持前/后一种观点。
To sum up...综上所述……
假如你是红星中学高二学生李华，请你给某英文报社编辑写一封信，告诉他你校发起的一次有关出国学习的讨论，信的内容包括：
1.介绍讨论的相关内容(如留学的支持者与反对者的观点等)；
2.表明你自己的观点。
典例演练
第一步　审题谋篇
第二步　遣词造句
核心词汇　(单元写作词汇运用)
1.迅速发展；繁荣
2.申请做某事
3.支持；站在……的一边
4.就某人而言；依某人看来
5.获得全球视野
6.增强语言能力
7.(使)花一大笔钱
______
______________
_________
______________________
_______________________
_____________________________
____________________
boom
apply to do sth
side with
as far as sb be concerned
gain a global perspective
strengthen language competence
cost an arm and a leg
8.举止得体
9.适应
_______________
____________________________________
behave oneself
make an adaptation to/adapt (oneself) to
连词成句　(教材句式仿写)
1.随着社会和经济的蓬勃发展，目前许多人申请出国留学。
，many people ______________
_________at present.
2.许多人支持正在国外留学的人。
Many people .
apply to study
abroad
As society and economy have boomed
side with people who are studying abroad
3.体验外国文化不仅有助于获得国际视野，而且能增强语言能力。
not only helps to gain a global perspective，but also strengthens language competence.
4.没有人能否认的事实是在国外学习会花一大笔钱。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.并不是所有人都知道如何举止得体，因为不是所有的人都足够成熟。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Being exposed to foreign cultures
One cannot deny the fact that/No one can deny the fact that studying abroad will cost an arm and a leg.
Not all the people know how to behave themselves because not all of them are mature enough.
6.他们找不到任何亲友来安慰和激励他们。
They can’t find .
7.他们将很难适应陌生的环境。
They will have great difficulty_____________________________________
_______________.
8.依我看来，是否去国外学习取决于你对自己有什么样的期望。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
any relatives or friends to comfort and motivate them
making an adaptation to the unfamiliar
surroundings
As far as I am concerned，whether to study abroad or not depends on what expectations you have for yourself.
第三步　句式升级
1.将句3改成not only位于句首的倒装句。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.用with的复合结构合并句6和句7。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Not only does being exposed to foreign cultures help to gain a global perspective，but it also strengthens language competence.
With no relatives or friends comforting and motivating them，they will have great difficulty making an adaptation to the unfamiliar surroundings.
第四步　组句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。
参考范文
Dear Editor，
I’m writing to tell you a discussion in our school about whether to study at home or abroad.
As society and economy have boomed，many people apply to study abroad at present.On the one hand，many people side with people who are studying abroad.As far as they are concerned，not only does being exposed to foreign cultures help to gain a global perspective，but it also strengthens language competence.On the other hand，one cannot deny the fact that studying abroad will cost an arm and a leg.
Initially，all the people don’t know how to behave themselves because not all of them are mature enough.With no relatives or friends comforting and motivating them，they will have great difficulty making an adaptation to the unfamiliar surroundings.
As far as I am concerned，whether to study abroad or not depends on what expectations you have for yourself.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友杰克逊(Jackson)最近在考虑是否要出国留学，他来信征求你的意见。请你就此用英语给他写信，阐述你的观点，并给出理由(不少于三个)。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
达标检测
Dear Jackson，
I’m more than delighted to share my opinion.Frankly speaking，I hold the strong view that it makes good sense to study abroad.
To begin with，exposure to a foreign language setting while we are studying abroad makes the learning process attractive and effective.Furthermore，by experiencing a different culture of a foreign country，we can definitely gain great insight into the world because cross-cultural experiences can give us a global perspective.Finally，studying abroad takes us out of our comfort zone，which can change us for the better.
参考范文
With the above reasons considered，I sincerely hope you can choose to study abroad and begin a completely new life.
Yours，
Li Hua
返 回
写作二　读后续写微技能
情感细节描写之难过与悲伤
Ⅰ.增分语料积累
常 用 词 汇 单 词 sad adj.悲伤的→sadly adv.悲伤地→sadness n.悲伤　heartbroken adj.心碎的
disappoint vt.使失望→disappointed adj.失望的→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n.失望　depress vt.使抑郁，使沮丧→depressed adj.抑郁的，沮丧的→depression n.沮丧
frustrate vt.使沮丧→frustrated adj.沮丧的→frustrating adj.令人沮丧的→frustration n.懊恼，沮丧
sorrow n.悲伤 vi.感到(或表示)悲伤→sorrowful adj.悲哀的
常 用 词 汇 单 词 desperate adj.绝望的　upset adj.心烦意乱的，难过的vt.使心烦意乱，使生气
unhappy adj.不高兴的→unhappiness n.苦恼；忧愁　grief n.悲伤，悲痛　tear n.眼泪
cry vi.& vt.哭泣　sob vi.啜泣 vt.哭诉　weep vi.& vt.(通常因悲伤)哭泣，流泪　tremble/shake vi.颤抖
常用词汇 词块 with a heavy heart怀着沉重的心情
a broken heart破碎的心
fall into despair/helplessness 陷入绝望/无助
with tears in one’s eyes 眼里含着泪水
drag one’s feet 拖着脚走路
feel like drowning in an endless ocean感觉就像被淹没在无尽的海洋里
burst into tears/burst out crying 突然大哭起来
精 美 句 式 Hearing the sad news，she stood there，tears rolling down her cheeks.(独立主格)
听到这个令人悲伤的消息，她站在那里，眼泪顺着脸颊滚落下来。
She got down on her knees，weeping such heartbroken tears.(现在分词短语作状语)
她跪在地上，哭得十分伤心。
A wave of sadness flooded over me and I burst into tears.(无灵主语)
一阵悲伤涌上心头，我忍不住大哭起来。
精 美 句 式 He came to me with a long face.他愁眉苦脸地来找我。
She felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn’t help weeping bitterly.
她感到一阵悲伤，忍不住痛哭起来。
即时演练
①我瘫倒在地，感觉就像被淹没在无尽的海洋里。(现在分词短语作状语)
I collapsed to the ground， .
②我又绝望又担心，悲伤的泪水模糊了我的双眼。(独立主格)
I was desperate and concerned， .
③怀着沉重的心情，我陷入绝望，拖着脚在街上走着，泪水夺眶而出。
，I _______________________________________
____________________，with tears welling up in my eyes.
feeling like drowning in an endless ocean
tears of sadness clouding my eyes
With a heavy heart
fell into despair/helplessness and dragged my feet on the street
Ⅱ.教材语料积累
词汇 情感描写 comfort n.安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 vt.安慰；抚慰　feel at home舒服自在；不拘束　overwhelming adj.无法抗拒的；巨大的；压倒性的→overwhelm vt.(常用于被动语态)使不知所措；压倒　depressed adj.沮丧的；意志消沉的→depress vt.使沮丧；使忧愁　optimistic adj.乐观的　sincerely adv.真诚地；诚实地
词汇 动作描写 participate in参加；参与　engage in(使)从事；参与　motivate vt.成为……的动机；激发；激励　expose vt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境)　grasp vt.理解；领会；抓紧　strengthen vi.& vt.加强；增强；巩固　gain vt.获得；赢得；取得；增加　side with支持；站在……的一边
句型 1.Six months ago,19-year-old Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends and boarded a plane for London.(动作描写)
2.I was very excited but also quite nervous.(情感描写)
3.Xie Lei was confused because she thought she knew less than other people.(情感描写)
4.Now halfway through her exchange year，Xie Lei feels much more at home in the UK.(情感描写)
5.British people are fascinated by our culture and eager to learn more about it，so I’m keen to share my culture with them.(情感描写)
句型 6.There are no great difficulties for a person who is brave，optimistic，and willing to work hard！(人物描写)
7.Chinese students can be seen as cultural envoys promoting friendship between nations.(比喻)
8.All in all，studying abroad helps build character and increase people’s understanding of cultural diversity while strengthening China and building a shared future for all.(主旨升华)
续写语料运用
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。
暴露于完全陌生的环境中，我被一种无法抗拒的孤独感淹没。我是如此沮丧，以至于我感觉好像自己被扔进了黑暗的世界。
1.____________ (过去分词作状语) the completely unfamiliar surroundings，I 2._____________________________________________
___________.3.___________________ (完全倒装) that I felt as if I had been thrown into a world of darkness.
Exposed to
was overwhelmed by a sense of overwhelming
loneliness
So depressed was I
我整天愁眉不展。幸运的是，热心的同学真诚地激励我抓住每一个参加集体活动的机会，从这些活动中我获得了许多。逐渐地我不仅不拘束了，而且增强了自信心。
I had a worried frown on my face every day.Luckily，my warm-hearted classmates 4.___________________________________________________
__________________________ ，from which I 5.____________.Gradually not only 6._________________ but I also 7.__________________________.
sincerely motivated me to grasp every chance to participate/
engage in group activities
gained a lot
did I feel at home
strengthened my confidence
有我的同学支持我、安慰我，我变得越来越乐观，嘴角时常挂着幸福的微笑。
返 回
With my classmates 8.______________________________ ，I became 9.______________________ ，a smile of happiness often on my lips.
siding with me and comforting me
increasingly optimistic
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