资源简介

2025 学年第二学期高三年级学业质量调研
英语试卷
I. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
“Unhappy” Horse Drives New Year Sales Boom
On 17 February 2026, China welcomed the Year of the Horse, which symbolizes energy and diligence. But the huge success of a faulty toy suggests that many Chinese are not feeling the
festive atmosphere.
A red horse toy produced by Happy Sister in the city of Yiwu in the east of China
1 (mean) to wear a broad smile, but a factory error meant it hit the shops, wearing a
worried look. Because the smile was placed upside down, the horse’s nostrils (鼻孔) 2 be interpreted as tears.
Despite the error, the toy went viral on social media. People joked that the crying horse is how you look at work, while the smiling one is how you look 3 work.
By mid-February, the owner of Happy Sister said she was receiving daily orders of more than 15,000 units, causing the extra production lines 4 (introduce) immediately. The small workshop, which had struggled with slow sales for months, suddenly
found 5 flooded with orders and struggling to keep up with demand.
Many Chinese white-collar workers have endured the 996 system, 6 employees are required to work from 9 am to 9 pm, six days a week. Though the practice was banned in 2021
after an employee died suddenly from a late-night shift, long overtime hours are still common today.
Jacob Cooke, CEO of an e-commerce firm, said, “Consumer products and internet memes
(网络梗) serve as a channel for people to discuss work pressure, a connection showing
7 formal communications often fail to convey.” The crying horse is a perfect example of
this, as it gives workers an alternative way to express their tiredness 8 they are criticized for voicing their true feelings directly.
Meanwhile, orders for the “crying horse” have poured in worldwide, with its image
9 (expect) to appear on various products. The owner never found out who sewed the
horse’s smile on upside down. “Since we can’t figure out exactly 10 mistake it was, we will just give everyone a bonus,” she said.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. plainly B. equivalent C. dismissed D. clue E. integrated F. imprecisely G. boost H. reassessment I. running J. reserve K. reprogramming
The Surprising Truth about Body Fat
If you melted down the average UK adult, you would find around 22 kilograms of creamy
yellow fat. It’s 11 to around 88 pieces of butter and enough to fill two-thirds of a small suitcase or cast into 446 dinner candles.
What a disturbing thought! People have long 12 body fat as nothing more than extra weight, something to get rid of. Yet this unwanted fat is undergoing a thorough
13 . Far from an inactive burden, it is a dynamic organ with its own memory and is capable of influencing everything from appetite to immunity (免疫).
Due to limited research resources, early studies could only 14 describe fat as a single store for extra calories, failing to recognize its role as a smart regulator of our body. Fat, it turns out, isn’t a single thing. Containing a mix of protective cells, nerves and blood vessels (血管), it has developed into something _____15_____into the overall control of blood sugar, body temperature and other bodily functions.
The first 16 that we were underestimating our body fat came in the 1990s with the discovery of leptin, a hormone released by fat cells which acts on the brain to control appetite and 17 energy consumption. On the contrary, when people quickly lose fat, leptin
levels drop, which the brain interprets as a sign that energy stores might be 18 low. It
responds by strengthening hunger signals and reducing energy loss to help people regain that lost fat.
The discovery of leptin revealed a hidden network between fat and the rest ofthe body.
Since then, we have discovered that fat cells release many more hormones and other signaling
chemicals, gradually proving our old opinions are 19 wrong. Some scientists are even dedicated to 20 it instead — not just to tackle weight problems, but to improve our
broader health.
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Camera traps, once beloved tools for wildlife enthusiasts to capture animal moments, have
progressed into powerful scientific instruments revealing a groundbreaking truth: most mammals (哺乳动物) do not keep to fixed daily schedules. Instead, they flexibly their activity
patterns to avoid human presence. A groundbreaking global study published in Science Advances, employing 8.9 million observations from over 20,000 camera trap sites across 38 countries and six continents, has overturned decades of conventional classifications of animal behavior.
For generations, scientists categorized mammals into fixed groups: day-active, night-active, dawn-and-dusk-active, or active all the time. However, this research — led by over 200
international researchers — uncovered that only 39% of the 445 studied species fit neatly into
these boxes. A striking 74% regularly shifted their behavior environmental changes and human activities, demonstrating remarkable behavioral flexibility. For instance, elk, a kind of
large deer, develop well as both day-active and night-active in remote regions with minimal
human disturbance but to strictly night-active habits in areas with heavy hiking, hunting, or urban development. Gray foxes and wild snowshoe rabbits exhibited similar adaptive shifts,
survival over fixed routines.
This behavioral adjustment is a critical survival . Human activities often damage
animals’ access to food, water, shelter, or breeding opportunities. By altering when they search for food or reproduce, mammals reduce direct with humans and ease stress. The camera trap
data — collected from backyards to wilderness — has created the largest standardized wildlife activity database, offering incomparable into how humans shape the natural world.
The study challenges the belief that mammals’ activity patterns are fixed. Camera trap data proves most species modify their habits based on factors, especially in
high-human-activity regions where animals change their natural schedules to avoid contact. These shifts are calculated survival responses: when resources are disturbed, mammals shift their active periods to risk.
Beyond reshaping scientific understanding, these findings have practical for
conservation. Knowing species avoid humans by shifting to night activity guides wildlife
managers in designing protection plans. What began as a way to take animal photos has become a tool that deepens our of human-wildlife coexistence. This new understanding also
encourages us to our own behaviour to better share the planet.
For conservationists, the findings offer clear for protection plans, reducing human-wildlife conflict and promoting harmonious coexistence. As human impact grows, recognizing these adaptive shifts will be to preserving biodiversity.
21 ．A ．devote B ．adjust C ．track D ．generate
22 ．A ．in response to B ．in contrast to C ．in reference to D ．in proportion to
23 ．A ．respond B ．object C ．contribute D ．switch
24 ．A ．ruling B ．spreading C ．prioritizing D ．taking
25 ．A ．gesture B ．strategy C ．target D ．exchange
26 ．A ．conflict B ．cooperation C ．negotiation D ．coexistence
27 ．A ．admissions B ．division C ．insights D ．introduction
28 ．A ．temporarily B ．accidentally C ．occasionally D ．naturally
29 ．A ．unknown B ．particular C ．external D ．sustainable
30 ．A ．multiply B ．detect C ．minimize D ．overcome
31 ．A ．distractions B ．limitations C ．transformations D ．implications
32 ．A ．confusion B ．comprehension C ．ignorance D ．inspiration
33 ．A ．regulate B ．classify C ．conceal D ．suspect
34 ．A ．criticisms B ．guidelines C ．preference D ．distinction
35 ．A ．contrary B ．irrelevant C ．secondary D ．crucial
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by
several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
For nearly two decades, I’ve studied what makes some people luckier than others. Luck isn’t a lightning strike — it’s more like the wind, always blowing. The difference lies in whether we’ve built a sail to catch it.
Twelve years ago, on an early morning flight to Ecuador, I decided to break my routine.
Instead of putting on headphones to sleep, I started a conversation with the man next to me — a
publisher. Later, I took another risk: I showed him a book proposal I’d written for a class project. He politely declined, but we exchanged contacts. Months later, I had lunch with his team, during which one of his editors turned to me and asked, “Have you ever thought about writing a book ” I smiled and replied, “Actually, yes.” I pulled out the very same proposal. This time, it found the
right audience. Within two weeks, I had a publishing contract. Within two years, the book became a hit. All of this started with a simple “hello.”
Seven years ago, I was overseeing three highly competitive fellowship programs at Stanford. When rejection letters went out, I expected disappointment. But a young man named Brian sent a gracious note: “I know I’ve been rejected twice, but I want to thank you for the opportunity. I
learned so much through the process.” Struck by his maturity, I invited him to meet. Then,
drawing from his experience on Stanford’s football team, we designed an independent study on leadership, which later inspired him to start a company called Play for Tomorrow. That single thank-you note changed both our paths.
Once, in my creativity class, I asked students to brainstorm both the best and worst ideas for a new restaurant. After collecting them, I tore up the “best” ideas and redistributed the “worst” — like a restaurant in a garbage dump, or one serving cockroach sushi. Their task: turn the terrible
idea into something brilliant. Within minutes, they transformed them. The garbage dump
restaurant became a place that repurposed unused food from Michelin-starred kitchens. The
cockroach sushi bar became a place for special ingredients. The exercise revealed a truth: even the most unlikely ideas contain seeds of possibility.
Luck rarely comes from nowhere. It grows from small risks, genuine gratitude, and a willingness to see potential where others don’t. .
36 ．Which of the following is TRUE about the author’s experience twelve years ago
A ．She was rejected at first, though her book got well received finally.
B ．She followed her routine of keeping to herself on the flight to Ecuador.
C ．She had a chance encounter with an editor because of a simple “hello”.
D ．She approached the publisher, hoping to present him with a book proposal.
37 ．The underlined word “overseeing” (paragraph 3) most probably means .
A ．observing materials B ．watching things from above
C ．reviewing pieces of work D ．supervising the operation
38 ．Based on the author’s experiences in the passage, which of the following would she most likely encourage
A ．Showing appreciation to whoever ignored your proposal.
B ．Transforming unlikely ideas into useful and creative solutions.
C ．Saying “hello” to strangers wishfully to encounter some authorities.
D ．Keeping abandoning good ideas to creatively make for new potentials.
39 ．Which of the following sentences best serves as the ending of the passage
A ．If you know where luck comes from, it will naturally come to you in the end.
B ．So wait patiently for the wind to come — fortune will finally find its way to you.
C ．The wind of luck is always blowing — you just need to raise your sail to catch it.
D ．Once you take risks, show gratitude and accept chances, you’re sure to be lucky.
(B)
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What truly sets Taste of Home made from SCRATCH apart is a commitment to
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278 recipes that make easy work of from-scratch specialties.
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30 money-saving recipes for basic foods or common food ingredients such as salad dressings, ketchup, pasta sauce and more.
Copycat recipes of restaurant favorites made easy at home.
Hints and tips describe how homemade foods can cut calories, sodium and fat.
Nutrition facts with every recipe assist with meal planning.CHAPTERS
Breakfast & Brunch
Appetizers & Snacks
Soups & Stews
Main Courses
Sides & Salads
Breads, Biscuits & More
Brownies, Bars & Cookies
Cake & Pies
Desserts & Sweets
40 ．This article is most likely to be .
A ．an advertisement that promotes a cookbook
B ．a review that evaluates the quality of recipes
C ．a cookbook preview that shows sample recipes
D ．a cooking guide that teaches basic cooking skills
41 ．If you are a busy working parent who wants to prepare homemade meals for your family but you are on a tight budget, how would Taste of Home made from SCRATCH help you most
A ．By offering nutrition facts to help you plan meals that meet your dietary goals.
B ．By including step-by-step instructions with color photographs for every recipe.
C ．By helping you get rid of fatty, high-sodium convenience items from your foods.
D ．By teaching you how to make money-saving homemade versions of basic dishes.
42．Which of the following is mentioned as a feature of Taste of Home made from SCRATCH
A ．Recipes are created by professional chefs in the Test Kitchen.
B ．Each recipe includes nutrition facts to help with meal planning.
C ．The book contains over 300 recipes for both main dishes and desserts.
D ．The book offers diners the same recipes for restaurants’ signature dishes.
(C)
① Many tech companies assume that training artificial intelligence on more data can help fix the ongoing problem of AI’s multiplying human biases or prejudices.
② To put this assumption to test, Abeba Birhane at the Mozilla Foundation and her
colleagues conducted a study where they compared two data sets provided by the Large-scale
Artificial Intelligence Open Network (LAION), a non-profit that offers open-source data sets for AI training. One contained 400 million samples and the other 2 billion, each an image coupled
with text descriptions.
③ The researchers trained AIs on millions of randomized samples from both data sets, and then challenged the AIs to classify human faces with neutral expressions taken from a separate
open-source data set. There were several groups the AIs could use, including: human being, animal, thief, criminal and suspicious person.
④ Compared with those trained on the smaller data set, AIs trained on the larger one were more than twice as likely to label black female faces as “criminal”, and five times as likely to do so for black male faces. “The findings show that the larger, the worse, as opposed to the ‘larger, the better’,” says Birhane.
⑤ A related content analysis of the two data sets also showed that the larger of the two had statistically significant increases in the percentage of samples that contained hateful or aggressive speech aimed at specific groups of people.
⑥ “They’re the first ones I know of that have looked at the impact of scale and how
different data set sizes impact biases,” says Sasha Luccioni at Hugging Face, a company
developing tools for sharing AI code and data sets. Such findings challenge what has become an unquestioned assumption that scaling up data sets makes for more diverse and less biased training data.
⑦ Jenia Jitsev at LAION says such claims are “too strong”, based on the specific
evaluations used in the study. Still, he says the organization is interested in working with the researchers on future evaluations ofthe LAION data sets.
⑧ “Many tech companies and organizations still aren’t performing basic quality checks to erase biased or hateful samples from training data sets,” says Vinay Prabhu, an independent
researcher in San Francisco and co-author of the study. “Here are the low-hanging fruits, and you’re not even picking the low-hanging fruits.”
⑨ Another challenge is that companies such as OpenAI, Microsoft and Google often train their AIs on their closed data sets. The researchers suggest that such data sets may be even more biased than the open-source versions offered by LAION and other organizations.
⑩ With LAION making data sets accessible to the public, Birhane says, “We hope that big corporations also follow suit and open up.”
43．Which statement about the research procedure and findings is TRUE according to the passage A ．AIs were asked to classify faces from a closed data set into different groups.
B ．AIs trained on a larger data set tended to relate black faces to negative labels.
C ．The researchers trained AIs to compare images between two LAION data sets.
D ．The content analysis showed most samples were biased towards certain people.
44 ．What does Vinay Prabhu imply about the tech companies and organizations by making
remarks that “Here are the low-hanging fruits, and you’re not even picking the low-hanging fruits.” (in paragraph ⑧)
A ．They believe collecting larger data sets can tackle human biases.
B ．They’ve removed the most biased samples from the trained data set.
C ．They’ve made little progress by focusing on how to reduce bias first.
D ．They skip an easy fix to screen out biased content with quality checks.
45 ．Which of the following statements correctly reflects Abeba Birhane’s opinion
A ．Their research may help prevent biases from building up in large data sets.
B ．It is the first time researchers have assessed how data sizes affect biases.
C ．It is hoped that big corporations will make their data sets publicly accessible.
D ．The finding is so strong and yet so inconclusive that more studies are needed.
46 ．Which of the following best serves as the title of this article
A ．Fight Against Racism: Larger Data Sets Gain an Upper Hand
B ．More Data, More Bias: An Unexpected Finding on AI and Racism
C ．To Be Biased or Not To Be: A Comparative Analysis of AI Sources
D ．Racism Is Spreading: The Find Challenges a Long-held Assumption
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two
sentences more than you need.
The Lengthy Seed Experiment
One of humanity’s longest-running and most classic scientific experiments, the William Beal Seed Viability Experiment, was initiated in 1879 by renowned botanist William James Beal at
Michigan State University. 47 At the time Beal started the experiment, little was known about seed longevity, and his work aimed to fill this gap with systematic, long-term observation.
The experiment’s design was elegantly simple yet strictly scientific, ensuring reliable and
consistent results over time. Beal carefully collected seeds from 23 common plant species native
to the Michigan area, ranging from wildflowers to grasses. This simple but strict design was key to the experiment’s long-term success and reliability. He then mixed each group of seeds with damp sand to closely imitate the natural soil environment, providing water and the protection seeds
would experience underground. These mixtures were sealed in 20 identical glass bottles, which were buried upside down on the university campus to prevent water build-up and rot. The bottles were placed in a quiet, undisturbed area, ensuring they would only be touched during scheduled digs. Initially, a bottle was dug up every five years to test seed survival ability. 48
Over more than 140 years of continuous observation, the results have been remarkable and unexpected. While most seeds lost their ability to grow within just a few decades, a small number of species have challenged all expectations. As of the 2021 dig, seeds of some plants successfully grew in laboratory tests — proving their extraordinary ability to survive inactive in soil for over a century.
49 The experiment’s results have had a far-reaching impact on conservation and agricultural practices.
50 Scientists continue to debate why certain species maintain survival ability far
longer than others — whether it is due to the thickness of their seed coats, the amount of internal nutrient storage, or other unique biological features. Additionally, the experiment’s controlled
conditions, including consistent soil composition, temperature, and dampness levels, raise
questions about how well the results translate into the diverse and often unpredictable natural habitats found around the world. As the experiment continues (with the next dig planned for 2040), it remains a powerful proof to scientific patience and dedication, offering invaluable insights that only the passage of time can reveal.
A．Later, the interval was extended to 10, then 20 years, to lengthen the experiment’s lifespan and gather data over a longer period.
B ．However, the experiment’s findings have raised more questions than they have answered.
C．Many scientists doubt whether the experiment will continue to provide useful data in the future.
D．Its goal was to close a major gap in botanical knowledge about how long seeds can stay alive in
nature.
E ．What’s more, this surprising result has greatly changed people’s traditional understanding of seed life.
F ．Later, they dug up all bottles at once to check the results immediately.
III. Summary Writing
51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the
passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words asfar as possible.
51.
Forest Loss Is Driving Mosquitoes to Humans
Running along Brazil’s coastline, the Atlantic Forest supports an extraordinary range of life, including hundreds of species of birds, fishes, mammals, and other kinds of animals. Human
development has reduced the forest to roughly one third of its original size. As people move
deeper into once untouched habitats, wildlife is pushed out, and mosquitoes that once fed on many different animals appear to be shifting their attention toward humans, according to a study
published in Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.
“Our study shows that mosquitoes in the remaining forest areas have a clear preference for humans,” said Dr. Jeronimo Alencar, a biologist.
To find out what mosquitoes were feeding on, the research team set traps in two nature
reserves in Rio de Janeiro. They collected over 1,700 mosquitoes from 52 different species.
Female mosquitoes that had recently fed on blood were studied in the lab. Scientists took out
DNA from the blood inside the mosquitoes and read a specific gene that works like a biological barcode. Each animal species has its own version of this genetic marker. By matching the
barcodes to reference databases, the team could identify the animals that had been bitten.
The results showed that among the 27 identifiable blood meals, 18 came from humans, 6 from birds, and one each from an amphibian (两栖动物), a dog, and a mouse.
Scientists believe that as forests disappear, natural hosts become scarce. Mosquitoes are
forced to seek new blood sources, and humans become the most convenient choice. In the regions studied, mosquitoes spread viruses such as Yellow Fever, dengue, Zika, Mayaro, Sabiá, and
Chikungunya. These infections can pose serious health risks and may lead to long-term diseases.
Although the study has some limitations, such as the small number of detectable samples, its findings are valuable. They can help guide mosquito control efforts and improve early warning
systems for disease outbreaks. “Knowing that mosquitoes in an area have a strong preference for humans serves as an alert for transmission risk,” co-author Machado said.
IV. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52 ．毋庸置疑，那些古老的遗迹总是令人心驰神往。（There be ）(汉译英)
53 ．要想养活这些娇嫩的花儿，就得保证光照充足、浇水及时和营养充分。（survive）(汉译英)
54 ．这位年轻的天文学家从未料到，儿时观星的爱好，竟会逐渐演变成自己的职业追求。 （evolve）(汉译英)
55．这座重建后的博物馆，其设计初衷是让参观者放慢脚步，而非走马观花。它邀请人们以自己的方式去探索、思考、畅想未来。（rush）(汉译英)
V. Guided Writing
56 ．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
56．近来，“成为中国人”在国外社交平台上掀起了一股风潮，提到外国网友模仿我们晨练气功、喝温水、煲汤煮粥、在家穿拖鞋、泡脚等习惯。假如你是浦润中学的高三学生李青， 在学校公众号上浏览到主题为“Small Habits, Gentle Wisdom”的英文征稿活动。请你写一篇英文短文投稿，内容需包括：
1 ．介绍你的家庭中最具代表性的一种日常习惯;
2 结合自身经历与感受，谈谈这一习惯如何影响你的生活;
3 ．说明其中蕴含的生活智慧或文化内涵。
（注：文中不得出现真实的姓名及学校名称。）
1 ．was meant/had been meant 2 ．could/might 3 ．after/off 4 ．to be introduced
5 ．itself 6 ．where 7 ．what/something 8 ．in case 9 ．expected 10 ．whose
11 ．B 12 ．C 13 ．H 14 ．F 15 ．E 16 ．D 17 ．G 18 ．I
19 ．A 20 ．K
21 ．B 22 ．A 23 ．D 24 ．C 25 ．B 26 ．A 27 ．C 28 ．D
29 ．C 30 ．C 31 ．D 32 ．B 33 ．A 34 ．B 35 ．D
36 ．A 37 ．D 38 ．B 39 ．C
40 ．A 41 ．D 42 ．B
43 ．B 44 ．D 45 ．C 46 ．B
47 ．D 48 ．A 49 ．E 50 ．B
51．The study shows that forest loss in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest has forced mosquitoes to shift their feeding preference to humans. By analyzing DNA from mosquito blood meals, researchers found most came from humans. This greatly increases the risk of viral disease transmission. The findings provide key insights to guide mosquito control and early warning systems. (57 words)
52 ．There is no denying that those remains from the distant past have always fascinated people.
53．These delicate flowers need sufficient sunlight, timely watering, and adequate nutrients, if they are to survive.
54 ．The young astronomer never anticipated that his childhood hobby of stargazing would eventually evolve into his professional pursuit.
It never occurred to the young astronomer that his hobby of stargazing since his childhood would eventually evolve into his (future) career pursuit.
55 ．Designed to slow visitors down rather than make them walk through it in a rush, the rebuilt museum invites visitors to explore, reflect and imagine what lies ahead in their own way.
56．

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