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Period 1　Reading and Thinking
1．Why does the author cite “You are what you eat.” in paragraph 1
A．To introduce the theme of the article.
B．To show the impact of food on health.
C．To show the impact of food on culture.
D．To prove culture has little to do with cuisine.
答案　A
2．What does the phrase “a case in point” mean in paragraph 2
A．A good idea.
B．A right decision.
C．A proper example.
D．A reasonable suggestion.
答案　C
3．What impressed the author and his family more in a Sichuan restaurant
A．The new experience.
B．Sichuan peppercorns.
C．The friendship they felt.
D．The spicy food they ate.
答案　C
4．What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us
A．His visit to Shandong.
B．His experience of Shandong food.
C．The reason why they moved to Shandong.
D．Family is important to the people in Shandong.
答案　B
5．What does the author find different people in China have in common
A．They are all particular about food.
B．They are all good at making food.
C．They are all friendly and warm-hearted.
D．They are all proud of their food and culture.
答案　C
6．What’s the main idea of the text
A．Characteristics of Chinese food.
B．Traveling experiences in China.
C．Differences between Chinese and American food.
D．Relationship between food，personality，and culture.
答案　D
CULTURE AND CUISINE
The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote，“Tell me [1]what you eat，and I will tell you what you are.” Put more simply1，this means “You are [2]what you eat.” Most people today relate this saying to2 healthy eating.However，Brillat-Savarin was actually referring to3 our personality，character，and culture.
[1]what引导宾语从句。
[2]what引导表语从句。
词块翻译：
1．更简单地说
2．把……和……联系起来
3．谈到；涉及；指的是　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Certainly，in many ways4 this seems to be true.Chinese cuisine is a case in point5.[3]Prior to6 coming to China，my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America，with Chinese food [4]that had been changed to suit American tastes7.For example，America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken，[5]which consists of8 fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce，flavoured with hot red peppers.This is probably not an authentic Chinese recipe，however，so it cannot tell us much about the Chinese.On the other hand9，[6]it does tell us a lot about Americans.It tells us，for example，that Americans love bold，simple flavours.And，[7]since the dish was also invented recently，it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.
[3]形容词短语位于句首，作时间状语。
[4]关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰先行词Chinese food。
[5]关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词General Tso’s chicken。
[6]句中does起着强调作用，强调的是谓语动词tell。
[7]这是一个主从复合句。从属连词since引导原因状语从句；that引导宾语从句。
4.在许多方面
5．恰当的；相关的
6．在……之前的
7．适合美国人的口味
8．由……组成(或构成)
9．另一方面　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Later，I had a chance to10 experience authentic Chinese food by coming to China.When my family and I had just arrived in China，we went looking for11 a good place to eat in Beijing.A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend，and finally，we found it.[8]Tired，hungry，and not knowing a word of Chinese，we had no idea how to order，so the chef just began filling our table with the best food [9]we had ever eaten.With this，we had the pleasure of12 experiencing an entirely new taste：Sichuan peppercorns.[10]The food was wonderful and different，but what was even more important was the friendship that was offered to us.
[8]and连接形容词和动词-ing形式短语，位于句首作状语。
[9]这是一个省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词food。
[10]并列连词but连接两个分句；在第二个分句中连接代词what引导主语从句；that引导定语从句。
10.有机会……
11．寻找
12．很高兴……　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
We soon moved to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China.My favourite dish there was boiled dumplings [11]served with vinegar.I observed that family is important to the people there.It has become a favourite traditional dish13 of the people in North China，[12]where making dumplings14 has always been a family affair with everyone—from the youngest to the oldest—joining in to help.Later，I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls15 [13]stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions.
[11]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词boiled dumplings。
[12]关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词North China。
[13]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词短语pancake rolls。
13.一种最受欢迎的传统菜肴
14．包水饺
15．煎饼卷　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Then we moved to northern Xinjiang.Some of our friends were Kazak and Inner Mongolian.These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses.As a result16，their traditional foods are [14]what you can cook over an open fire—usually boiled or roasted meat17，such as lamb kebab.
[14]连接代词what引导表语从句。
16.因此
17．煮或烤的肉　　
Our travels then took us to South China，and then on to central China.In each place [15]we went，we experienced wonderful local dishes18，from Guangdong’s elegant dim sum—small servings of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan.Everywhere，the food was as varied as the people.However，one thing is always true：Through food，Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness.
[15]这是一个省略了关系副词where的定语从句，修饰先行词place。,18.体验当地美食　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
[16]At a minimum19，the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region，what kinds of lives they lead，and what they like and do not like. Could we also say，for example，that those [17]who like bold flavours are bold themselves？Or，that those who like spicy food tend to20 have a hot temper21？Maybe.Maybe not.[18]What we can say，however，is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand22，and if you do not experience one，you can never really know the other.
[16]这是一个主从复合句；定语从句local people consume修饰先行词food；句中三个what引导的宾语从句作动词tell的宾语。
[17]关系代词who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those。
[18]连接代词what引导主语从句。
19.至少
20．倾向于，往往会
21．脾气暴躁
22．密切相关；齐头并进
析篇章结构
答案　1.culture　2.flavours　3.new　4.friendly　5.vinegar　6.Family　7.open　8.elegant　9.kindness　10.cuisine
prior adj.先前的；优先的(priority n．优先事项；优先权)
[教材原句P26]Prior to coming to China，my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America，with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
来中国之前，我只在美国接触过中式烹饪，那里的中国食物已被改变，以适应美国人的口味。
[外研版]Prior to that，the only great historical works I had been exposed to were Homer’s epic poems.在此之前，我唯一接触过的历史巨作是荷马的史诗。
·“在……之前”的不同表达： prior to在……之前的；优先 ahead of在……之前 in advance预先；提前 ·与(be) prior to结构相似的短语： (be) senior to比……级别高/年长 (be) junior to比……级别低/年幼 (be) inferior to不如…… (be) superior to超过……；胜过……
(1)Although he is junior to me by three years，he has put forward an idea which is superior to mine.
(2)My first priority(prior) is to strengthen my competence in handling complex problems.
[写作佳句]
(3)(应用文写作之建议信)在我看来，到访北京前，你最好简单地了解一下旅游景点。此外，何不提前做好所有的安排？比如旅行路线和住宿。
As far as I am concerned，you’d better have a brief idea of the tourist attractions prior to visiting Beijing.Furthermore，why not make all the arrangements ahead of time/in advance，such as travel routes and accommodation
consist vi.组成，构成；存在(于)(consistent adj.一致的；连续的inconsistent adj.不一致的；不连续的consistently adv.始终如一地；一贯地 consistency n．一致性；连贯性)
[教材原句P26]For example，America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken，which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce，flavoured with hot red peppers.
例如，在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠鸡”，它在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱，再佐以煸炒过的红辣椒制成。
[外研版]It consisted of a closed space in which people，animals and plants could live together.它包括一个封闭的空间，人、动物和植物可以生活在一起。
·consist of由……组成(或构成) 表示“由……组成(或构成)”的短语还有： be made up of；be composed of；be comprised of ·consist in在于；存在于 consist with与……一致；相符 ·be consistent with...与……一致
(1)No one can deny the fact that we need to ensure the consistency(consist) of service to our customers.
(2)The reason why he gains my respect is that his words are always consistent(consist) with his actions.
(3)In summary，happiness consists in kindness and love we offer to others.
[写作佳句]
(4)(读后续写之升华句)众所周知，生活中不仅有阳光，还有暴风雨。
It is universally acknowledged that life consists of/is made up of/is composed of/is comprised of not only sunshine but also storms.
“do/does/did＋动词原形”强调谓语动词
[教材原句P26]On the other hand，it does tell us a lot about Americans.
不过在另一方面，它确实让我们对美国人了解很多。
·“do/does/did＋动词原形”结构，用于强调谓语时要注意： (1)句子是肯定句； (2)句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。 ·“do/does/did＋动词原形”结构只能用来强调谓语动词，若强调主语、宾语、表语、状语等，则应用强调句型，即It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分。
(1)(亲情类读后续写之升华句)我们一家人的确看起来像一棵树的树枝。我们也许会向不同的方向生长，但是我们的根在一起。
Our family does look like the branches of a tree.We may grow in different directions，yet our roots remain as one.
(2)又冷又饿，我的确后悔我没为糟糕的天气做准备。
Cold and hungry，I did regret I had made no preparations for the terrible weather.
(3)(2023·天津3月，书面表达)正是我们班长的慷慨、谦逊和善良使他被称作“活雷锋”。
It is our monitor’s generosity，modesty and kindness that make him called a “living Lei Feng”．
(4)(申请信之个人优势)Being exposed to foreign surroundings strengthens my language competence.
→Being exposed to foreign surroundings does strengthen my language competence.(强调谓语动词)
→It is being exposed to foreign surroundings that strengthens my language competence.(强调主语)
→It is my language competence that being exposed to foreign surroundings strengthens.(强调宾语)
形容词(短语)作状语
[教材原句P26]Tired，hungry，and not knowing a word of Chinese，we had no idea how to order，so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
我们疲惫不堪，饥肠辘辘，也不认识一个汉字，不知道该怎么点餐，所以厨师径自在我们的桌子上摆满食物；那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
形容词(短语)作状语： ·说明谓语动词表示的动作发生时，主语所处的状态。 ·形容词(短语)作状语在句中可以表示行为方式或伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等。
(1)(读后续写之情绪描写)害怕找不到去农场的路，我坐在树旁，紧紧地抱着肩膀。
Afraid of not finding the way to the farm，I sat beside a tree and held my shoulders in my arms tightly.
(2)(2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)既绝望又担心，我跪了下来，泪水止不住地顺着脸颊流淌。
Desperate and worried，I knelt down，tears streaming down my face without control.
(3)(读后续写之情绪描写)他不能控制自己的感情，双手掩面，大哭起来。
Unable to control his emotions，he buried his face in his hands and burst into tears.
Ⅰ.品句猜词
1．Consumed① with sadness，the young man consumed② a large quantity of wine in this bar.①vt.使充满　②vt.喝
2．There’s a lot of interesting stuff in the book.n.东西
3．Would you be kind enough to tell me the recipe for success？n.诀窍，秘诀
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1．We have a minimum of 15 students participating in the activity and a maximum of 50 every year.
2．The beautiful madam sliced a big piece of cake for her husband，who was overjoyed and excited.
3．The hotel restaurant is famous for its excellent cuisine，such as lamb kebab and bean curd.
4.As far as I am concerned，stuffing(填满) the box with chocolate is a funny way to surprise her.
5．Chinese recipes(食谱) can satisfy vegetarians as well as those who love bacon，ham，sausage，and so on.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Prior to attending(attend) the next class，we will be informed of the outcome of the examination.
2．Although I am senior to him by five years，he can make an adaptation to complex surroundings sooner than me.
3.Generally speaking，students’ academic performances are consistent with their efforts.
4．I am sincerely writing to ask for some tips on how to be elegant(elegance) in my daily life.
5.As far as I know，these effective measures can prevent illegal consumption(consume) of these products.
6．To discuss the matter in detail，they set up a committee consisting of nine members.
7．My father wanted me to become a professional worker and have more stability(stable)．
8．We will wander in traditional small towns and end up visiting an exceptional(exception) museum in Shanghai.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote，“Tell me what you eat，and I will tell you what you are.”，1.which means “You are what you eat.” In fact，Brillat-Savarin was actually 2.referring(refer) to our personality，character，and culture.In many ways，this seems to be true.Chinese cuisine is a case in point.China is a country with vast 3.areas(area) and a large population.So the food is as 4.varied/various(vary) as the people.For example，people in Shandong like boiled dumplings 5.served(serve) with vinegar，because the process of making dumplings can bring the family members together.6.Traditionally(traditional)，people in northern Xinjiang spent most of their time on horse backs，and that is 7.why they prefer their food to 8.be cooked(cook) over an open fire.In conclusion，through food，Chinese people everywhere show their culture as well as their friendship and 9.kindness(kind)．So what we can say is that culture and cuisine go hand 10.in hand，and if you do not experience one，you can never really know the other.
作业1　Reading and Thinking
[分值：62分]
Ⅰ.短语填空(共6小题；每小题2分，满分12分)
1．The person I referred to(谈到) just now is my best classmate who is optimistic and competent.
2．This elegant middle-aged woman was looking for(寻找) her gold ring when her husband returned from his company.
3.Overall，although he has a hot temper(脾气暴躁)，he is generous，modest and warm-hearted.
4．After the chef retires from the restaurant，he tends to(往往会) forget things unless he marks them down.
5．After making dumplings(包水饺)，I went on to the supermarket to buy bacon，sausage and some desserts.
6．I finally had a chance to(有机会……) meet the craftsman who would teach me some tricks of paper-cutting.
Ⅱ.主题微写作——中国美食(满分15分)
1．来中国之前，我在网上搜索了一些中国美食。(形容词短语作状语)
Prior to coming to China，I have searched the Internet for some Chinese delicious foods.
2．由于中国有五千多年的历史，有各种各样的食谱就不足为奇了。(since引导原因状语从句)
Since China has a history of more than five thousand years，it is no wonder that there are various recipes.
3．中国人的确用筷子吃饭而美国人则用刀叉。(强调谓语动词)
Chinese people do eat with chopsticks while Americans use knives and forks.
4．由于不同的气候，中国食品由迥异的食品风格组成，这可以满足每个人的口味。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
Due to various climates，Chinese foods consist of widely different food styles，which can suit everyone’s taste.
5．我迫不及待地想飞到中国，在那里我可以品尝到令人垂涎欲滴的中国食物。(where引导非限制性定语从句)
I can’t wait to fly to China，where I can taste the mouth-watering Chinese foods.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A(此篇精读)
(2025·安徽阜阳高二上期中)
This fall，students at the University of Massachusetts found a new menu at their dining commons：the “diet for a cooler planet” menu.This meant meat from animals raised with a carbon-friendly approach.It mainly included vegetables that had been picked from a local farm’s field.The options were plant-heavy with little or no packaging.
“We wanted to let students participate in climate action by making choices about their food，” says Kathy Wicks，director for University of Massachusetts Dining.The university is not alone in this effort.Increasingly，American consumers and institutions are thinking about how their food choices factor into climate change.For many，small choices at the grocery store，dining hall，and restaurant can feel more accessible than big-ticket options like buying an energy-saving car.
Small changes in dietary habits may make a big difference.Climate activists often target fossil fuels(化石燃料) and transportation systems，but studies point to the food system as a significant contributor to global warming.According to Project Drawdown，a research organization that weighs climate solutions，the way food is grown，transported，and consumed accounts for about a quarter of the world’s greenhouse gas production.Beef is a regular target.“If，on average，Americans cut a quarter pound of beef per week from their diet，it’s like taking 10 million cars off the road a year，” says Sujatha Bergen，director of health campaigns for the Natural Resources Defense Council.Food waste ranks third among climate solutions.While much waste occurs before consumers are engaged—food left on the field because it does not fit appearance standards，Americans also throw out a lot of food they have purchased：about $1,600 worth a year per family of four.
“People are beginning to understand that their food choices make a big impact on climate，” says Megan Larmer，director of regional food at the Glynwood Center for Regional Food and Farming in New York.But she stresses sustainable change will need to come from the whole food system.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马萨诸塞大学推出一份菜单，鼓励学生通过选择低碳型食物参与气候行动，反映了美国消费者和机构日益关注食物选择对气候变化的影响。
1．What can be known about the new menu at the University of Massachusetts
A．It was meat-free.
B．It used plants from cold areas.
C．It was based on locally grown vegetables.
D．It involved vegetables specially packaged.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“It mainly included vegetables that had been picked from a local farm’s field.”可知，马萨诸塞大学推出的新菜单以当地种植的蔬菜为基础。故选C。
2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Factors impacting climate change.
B．Students’ choice about healthy food.
C．Multiple efforts on energy-saving food.
D．Influence of climate change on schools.
答案　C
解析　段落大意题。根据第二段中“The university is not alone in this effort.Increasingly，American consumers and institutions are thinking about how their food choices factor into climate change...”可知，本段主要讲述多方对低碳型食物所做的努力。故选C。
3．Why does some food remain on the field
A．It is too expensive.
B．It doesn’t look nice.
C．It is harmful to health.
D．It doesn’t taste good enough.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“While much waste occurs before consumers are engaged—food left on the field because it does not fit appearance standards”可知，一些食物之所以被留在田里是因为其外观看上去不美观。故选B。
4．What can be inferred according to Megan Larmer
A．It is stressful to change the food system for better.
B．People have attached great importance to the food production.
C．People’s food choices have improved the global climate greatly.
D．It takes the work from the entire food system to achieve continuing change.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But she stresses sustainable change will need to come from the whole food system.”可推知，Megan Larmer认为实现可持续的改变需要整个食品系统的努力。故选D。
[词汇积累] 1．increasingly adv.日益增长地 2．factor(转) n．→v.把……因素包括进去 3．accessible(派)＝access＋ible adj.可到达的，可进入的；易得到的，可使用的 4．make a big difference产生巨大影响 5．contribute v．捐赠，捐献；是……的原因之一→contributor n．捐赠者，作出贡献者；促成因素→contribution n．捐赠；贡献 6．account for (数量、比例上)占；解释；说明 [句式分析] 1．It mainly included vegetables that had been picked from a local farm’s field. 分析：此句为复合句。that引导定语从句，vegetables为先行词，that在从句中作主语。 翻译：它主要包括从当地农场采摘的蔬菜。 2．Increasingly，American consumers and institutions are thinking about how their food choices factor into climate change. 分析：此句为复合句。how引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语，how在从句中充当方式状语。 翻译：越来越多的美国消费者和机构开始考虑他们的食物选择如何影响气候变化。
B
Wine experts have warned for years that climate change could result in shifting harvest seasons，lower quality wine，and limited plant growth.But here’s a piece of good news: In Bordeaux，France，one of the world’s main wine growing areas，climate change may actually make wine taste better—for now.
70-year data of wine critic scores in Bordeaux，with weather data from the period，showed that wine quality—based on factors such as rich and strong taste—increased over time，according to a study.
For the years 1950 to 2020，scientists analyzed the variation in overall Bordeaux wine quality.The team’s statistical models tested how wine quality in Bordeaux was related to weather factors such as season length，temperature，and rainfall.
The highest-quality Bordeaux wines came from years with warmer and drier summers，cooler and wetter winters，earlier and shorter growing seasons.Climate change is expected to make these conditions more frequent in the region.For instance，it is predicted that France will become warmer，with a four-degree Celsius increase by 2100.Warm temperatures can increase grapes’ sugar content and create sweeter wine.Because Bordeaux wine producers traditionally rely on rainfall for water，there is a direct connection between the climate and wine productivity.
Study leader Andrew was surprised to find that more rainfall during the winter season when grapevines(葡萄藤) are not growing，resulted in better quality wine for the following harvest.“Traditionally we consider weather during the growing season to see how it can affect grape quality.However，the vines are there all year round，and we found weather conditions in the non-growing season had an impact through the next harvest，” says Andrew.More rain in the winter might result in better water balance in the soil during the growing season.“Healthy vines make better grapes，” says Andrew.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了气候变化让波尔多葡萄酒味道更好，介绍了对这一现象进行的相关研究以及研究发现。
5．What may be the effect of climate change on wine in Bordeaux in paragraph 1
A．The taste of the wine is better.
B．The price of the wine is higher.
C．The production of the wine increases.
D．The quality of the wine is lower.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In Bordeaux，France...climate change may actually make wine taste better...”可知，气候变化使波尔多葡萄酒的味道更好。故选A。
6．What’s the purpose of the example in paragraph 4
A．To offer some details.
B．To stimulate readers’ interest.
C．To give a recommendation.
D．To explain the author’s opinion.
答案　D
解析　写作意图题。根据第四段内容可推知，本段的例子是为了解释作者的观点，即本段的前两句“最高品质的波尔多葡萄酒产自夏季温暖干燥、冬季凉爽湿润、生长季节提前缩短的年份。预计气候变化将使这种情况在该地区更加频繁”。故选D。
7．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The impact of climate on grape quality throughout the year.
B．The positive effects of more winter rainfall on wine quality.
C．The importance of new wine producing ways in Bordeaux.
D．The traditional considerations of weather during the growing season.
答案　B
解析　段落大意题。根据最后一段尤其第一句“Study leader Andrew was surprised to find that more rainfall during the winter season when grapevines(葡萄藤) are not growing，resulted in better quality wine for the following harvest.”可知，本段主要讲更多的冬季降雨对葡萄酒品质的积极影响。故选B。
8．In which section of a website can we read this text
A．Science. B．Lifestyle.
C．Technology. D．Medicine.
答案　A
解析　文章出处题。根据第一段内容并结合下文主要说明了气候变化让波尔多葡萄酒味道更好，介绍了对这一现象进行的相关研究以及研究发现可推知，文章选自网站的科学部分。故选A。
Ⅳ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Rehan Staton，a 24-year-old former cleaner，was admitted into Harvard Law School.Staton was raised by a single father who worked hard to 1 him and his brother.Growing up was tough and he used to 2 in school.One teacher even suggested he 3 to a special education class.But under the 4 of a tutor，he ended up making the 5 roll.
In high school，he used to be an athlete, 6 on martial arts and boxing.However，an injury ruined the 7 of him turning professional in sports，and he got 8 by every college he had applied to.Instead of pursuing higher education，Staton started working at Bates Trucking & Trash Removal to support his family.There，his co-workers 9 his spirits.Motivated by them，he 10 in Bowie State University in 2014，and in 2016，he 11 to the University of Maryland.Then，he took the Law School Admission Test(LSAT) and applied to nine schools.
When reading the law school 12 emails，Staton and his friends were in shock and excitement. 13 ，Staton chose to attend Harvard Law School—and he’ll never forget all the 14 people who helped him get there.
“Throughout this time，people often ask me，‘How did you do it？’ It’s more so how could I not do it when everyone is breaking their 15 for me，and pushing for me to win，” he said.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了24岁的前清洁工雷汉·斯塔顿在别人的帮助下，最终被哈佛大学法学院录取的故事。
1．A.stand by B．object to
C．provide for D．call on
答案　C
解析　stand by支持；object to反对；provide for供养；call on号召。根据上文“Staton was raised by a single father who worked hard to”可知，父亲努力工作养活他和他的兄弟。故选C。
2．A.entertain B．compete
C．mature D．struggle
答案　D
解析　entertain娱乐；compete比赛；mature使成熟；struggle挣扎。根据后文“to a special education class”可知，老师建议他转到特殊教育班，说明他过去在学校里很挣扎。故选D。
3．A.listen B．switch
C．yield D．refer
答案　B
解析　listen听；switch转变；yield产生；refer参考。根据后文“to a special education class”可知，老师甚至建议他转到特殊教育班。故选B。
4．A.burden B．control
C．protection D．guidance
答案　D
解析　burden负担；control控制；protection保护；guidance指导。根据前文的“But”和后文“of a tutor，he ended up making the roll”可知，有了老师的指导，他最终进入了优秀生名单。故选D。
5．A.honor B．pay
C．class D．guest
答案　A
解析　honor荣誉；pay工资；class班级；guest客人。根据上文“he ended up making the”可知，此处为短语honor roll，表示“(大、中学的)优秀生名单，光荣榜”。故选A。
6．A.deciding B．taking
C．focusing D．depending
答案　C
解析　decide决定；take带走；focus集中；depend依靠。根据后文“on martial arts and boxing”可知，他专注于武术和拳击。故选C。
7．A.luck B．interest
C．fantasy D．chance
答案　D
解析　luck运气；interest兴趣；fantasy幻想；chance机会。根据上文“an injury ruined the”可知，一次受伤毁了他成为职业运动员的机会。故选D。
8．A.refused B．limited
C．marked D．rated
答案　A
解析　refuse拒绝；limit限制；mark标记；rate评价。根据上文“an injury ruined the...in sports”可知，他因为受伤被大学拒绝了。故选A。
9．A.woke B．lifted
C．brought D．kept
答案　B
解析　wake醒来；lift举起，振奋；bring带来；keep保持。根据后文“his spirits”以及“Motivated by them”可知，他的同事让他振作起来。故选B。
10．A.entered B．settled
C．trusted D．lectured
答案　A
解析　enter加入，进入；settle解决；trust信任；lecture训斥。根据后文“in Bowie State University in 2014”可知，他进入大学。故选A。
11．A.stuck B．attended
C．transferred D．belonged
答案　C
解析　stick卡住；attend参加；transfer转学；belong属于。根据后文“to the University of Maryland”可知，他后来转去了别的大学。故选C。
12．A.charity B．acceptance
C．promotion D．inquiry
答案　B
解析　charity慈善；acceptance录取，接受；promotion提拔；inquiry询问。根据后文“emails，Staton and his friends were in shock and excitement”可知，他和他朋友们的震惊和兴奋说明收到了录取邮件。故选B。
13．A.Gradually B．Incredibly
C．Eventually D．Literally
答案　C
解析　gradually逐渐地；incredibly难以置信地；eventually最后；literally字面地，确实地。根据后文“Staton chose to attend Harvard Law School”可知，他最终选择进入哈佛法学院。故选C。
14．A.optimistic B．supportive
C．thoughtful D．pleasant
答案　B
解析　optimistic乐观的；supportive支持的；thoughtful体贴的；pleasant令人愉快的。根据后文“people who helped him get there”可知，此处指他永远不会忘记所有支持他的人。故选B。
15．A.backs B．legs
C．words D．routines
答案　A
解析　back后背；leg腿；word话语；routine常规。根据上文“everyone is breaking their”以及“people who helped him get there”可知，此处指每个人都在尽力帮助他，短语break one’s back表示“全力以赴”。故选A。(共95张PPT)
Period 1
Reading and Thinking
Food and culture
Unit 3
内容索引
Step 1　课文深度理解
Step 2　语言知识梳理
Step 3　基础达标检测
作业1
课文深度理解
1.Why does the author cite “You are what you eat.” in paragraph 1
A.To introduce the theme of the article.
B.To show the impact of food on health.
C.To show the impact of food on culture.
D.To prove culture has little to do with cuisine.
√
泛读速选
2.What does the phrase “a case in point” mean in paragraph 2
A.A good idea.
B.A right decision.
C.A proper example.
D.A reasonable suggestion.
√
3.What impressed the author and his family more in a Sichuan restaurant
A.The new experience.
B.Sichuan peppercorns.
C.The friendship they felt.
D.The spicy food they ate.
√
4.What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us
A.His visit to Shandong.
B.His experience of Shandong food.
C.The reason why they moved to Shandong.
D.Family is important to the people in Shandong.
√
5.What does the author find different people in China have in common
A.They are all particular about food.
B.They are all good at making food.
C.They are all friendly and warm-hearted.
D.They are all proud of their food and culture.
√
6.What’s the main idea of the text
A.Characteristics of Chinese food.
B.Traveling experiences in China.
C.Differences between Chinese and American food.
D.Relationship between food，personality，and culture.
√
CULTURE AND CUISINE
The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote，“Tell me [1]what you eat，and I will tell you what you are.” Put more simply1，this means “You are [2]what you eat.”
[1]what引导宾语从句。
[2]what引导表语从句。
词块翻译：
1.____________
精读细研
更简单地说
Most people today relate this saying to2 healthy eating.However，Brillat-Savarin was actually referring to3 our personality，character，and culture.
词块翻译：
2.______________________
3.___________________
把……和……联系起来
谈到；涉及；指的是
Certainly，in many ways4 this seems to be true.Chinese cuisine is a case in point5.[3]Prior to6 coming to China，my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America，with Chinese food [4]that had been changed to suit American tastes7.
[3]形容词短语位于句首，作时间状语。
[4]关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰先行词Chinese food。
词块翻译：
4.____________
5.________________
6._______________
7.__________________
在许多方面
恰当的；相关的
在……之前的
适合美国人的口味
For example，America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken，[5]which consists of8 fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce，flavoured with hot red peppers.This is probably not an authentic Chinese recipe，however，so it cannot tell us much about the Chinese.On the other hand9，[6]it does tell us a lot about Americans.
[5]关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词General Tso’s chicken。
[6]句中does起着强调作用，强调的是谓语动词tell。
词块翻译：
8.____________________
9.__________
由……组成(或构成)
另一方面
It tells us，for example，that Americans love bold，simple flavours.And，[7]since the dish was also invented recently，it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.
[7]这是一个主从复合句。从属连词since引导原因状语从句；that引导宾语从句。
Later，I had a chance to10 experience authentic Chinese food by coming to China.When my family and I had just arrived in China，we went looking for11 a good place to eat in Beijing.
词块翻译：
10.____________
11._______
有机会……
寻找
A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend，and finally，we found it.[8]Tired，hungry，and not knowing a word of Chinese，we had no idea how to order，so the chef just began filling our table with the best food [9]we had ever eaten.
[8]and连接形容词和动词 -ing形式短语，位于句首作状语。
[9]这是一个省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词food。
With this，we had the pleasure of12 experiencing an entirely new taste：Sichuan peppercorns.[10]The food was wonderful and different，but what was even more important was the friendship that was offered to us.
[10]并列连词but连接两个分句；在第二个分句中连接代词what引导主语从句；that引导定语从句。
词块翻译：
12.____________
很高兴……
We soon moved to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China.My favourite dish there was boiled dumplings [11]served with vinegar.I observed that family is important to the people there.
[11]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词boiled dumplings。
It has become a favourite traditional dish13 of the people in North China，[12]where making dumplings14 has always been a family affair with everyone—from the youngest to the oldest—joining in to help.
[12]关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词North China。词块翻译：
13.________________________
14._______
一种最受欢迎的传统菜肴
包水饺
Later，I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls15 [13]stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions.
[13]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词短语pancake rolls。
词块翻译：
15._______
煎饼卷
Then we moved to northern Xinjiang.Some of our friends were Kazak and Inner Mongolian.These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses.As a result16，their traditional foods are [14]what you can cook over an open fire—usually boiled or roasted meat17，such as lamb kebab.
[14]连接代词what引导表语从句。
词块翻译：
16.______
17.____________
因此
煮或烤的肉
Our travels then took us to South China，and then on to central China.In each place [15]we went，we experienced wonderful local dishes18，from Guangdong’s elegant dim sum—small servings of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan.
[15]这是一个省略了关系副词where的定语从句，修饰先行词place。
词块翻译：
18.________________
体验当地美食
Everywhere，the food was as varied as the people.However，one thing is always true：Through food，Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness.
[16]At a minimum19，the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region，what kinds of lives they lead，and what they like and do not like.
[16]这是一个主从复合句；定语从句local people consume修饰先行词food；句中三个what引导的宾语从句作动词tell的宾语。
词块翻译：
19.______
至少
Could we also say，for example，that those [17]who like bold flavours are bold themselves？Or，that those who like spicy food tend to20 have a hot temper21？Maybe.Maybe not.[18]What we can say，however，is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand22，and if you do not experience one，you can never really know the other.
[17]关系代词who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those。
[18]连接代词what引导主语从句。
词块翻译：
20._________________
21.__________
22.____________________
倾向于，往往会
脾气暴躁
密切相关；齐头并进
析篇章结构
CULTURE
AND
CUISINE
Topic
Places
Food represents one’s personality,character
and 1. __________.
culture
flavours
America
General Tso’s chicken
Americans love bold, simple 2.___________.
Americans are not afraid to try 3._____ foods.
Beijing
We experienced Sichuan peppercorns.
The people there were 4.________ .
Shandong
My favourite dish there was boiled dumplings
served with 5.__________.
6._______ is important to the people there.
new
friendly
vinegar
Family
CULTURE
AND
CUISINE
Conclusion
Northwest
China
Foods are cooked over an 7.________ fire.
They wandered the open range on horses.
South China
Guangdong’s 8._________ dim sum.
Henan’s exceptional stewed noodles.
Culture and 10. __________ go hand in hand.
Places
People show friendship and 9. ________.
返 回
elegant
open
kindness
cuisine
语言知识梳理
adj.先前的；优先的(priority n.优先事项；优先权)
[教材原句P26] Prior to coming to China，my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America，with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
来中国之前，我只在美国接触过中式烹饪，那里的中国食物已被改变，以适应美国人的口味。
[外研版] Prior to that，the only great historical works I had been exposed to were Homer’s epic poems.在此之前，我唯一接触过的历史巨作是荷马的史诗。
1
prior
·“在……之前”的不同表达：
prior to在……之前的；优先
ahead of在……之前
in advance预先；提前
·与(be) prior to结构相似的短语：
(be) senior to比……级别高/年长
(be) junior to比……级别低/年幼
(be) inferior to不如……
(be) superior to超过……；胜过……
(1)Although he is junior me by three years，he has put forward an idea which is superior mine.
(2)My first (prior) is to strengthen my competence in handling complex problems.
to
to
priority
(3)(应用文写作之建议信)在我看来，到访北京前，你最好简单地了解一下旅游景点。此外，何不提前做好所有的安排？比如旅行路线和住宿。
As far as I am concerned，you’d better have a brief idea of the tourist attractions .Furthermore，why not make all the arrangements ，such as travel routes and accommodation
prior to visiting Beijing
写作佳句
ahead of time/in advance
vi.组成，构成；存在(于)(consistent adj.一致的；连续的inconsistent adj.不一致的；不连续的consistently adv.始终如一地；一贯地 consistency n.一致性；连贯性)
[教材原句P26] For example，America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken，which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce，flavoured with hot red peppers.
例如，在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠鸡”，它在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱，再佐以煸炒过的红辣椒制成。
[外研版]It consisted of a closed space in which people，animals and plants could live together.它包括一个封闭的空间，人、动物和植物可以生活在一起。
2
consist
·consist of由……组成(或构成)
表示“由……组成(或构成)”的短语还有：
be made up of；be composed of；be comprised of
·consist in在于；存在于
consist with与……一致；相符
·be consistent with...与……一致
(1)No one can deny the fact that we need to ensure the (consist) of service to our customers.
(2)The reason why he gains my respect is that his words are always __________(consist) with his actions.
(3)In summary，happiness consists kindness and love we offer to others.
consistency
consistent
in
(4)(读后续写之升华句)众所周知，生活中不仅有阳光，还有暴风雨。
It is universally acknowledged that ________________________
_________________________________________________________________.
写作佳句
life consists of/is made up of/is composed of/is comprised of not only sunshine but also storms
[教材原句P26] On the other hand，it does tell us a lot about Americans.
不过在另一方面，它确实让我们对美国人了解很多。
3
“do/does/did＋动词原形”强调谓语动词
·“do/does/did＋动词原形”结构，用于强调谓语时要注意：
(1)句子是肯定句；
(2)句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。
·“do/does/did＋动词原形”结构只能用来强调谓语动词，若强调主语、
宾语、表语、状语等，则应用强调句型，即It is/was＋被强调部分＋
that/who＋其他部分。
(1)(亲情类读后续写之升华句)我们一家人的确看起来像一棵树的树枝。我们也许会向不同的方向生长，但是我们的根在一起。
Our family .We may grow in different directions，yet our roots remain as one.
(2)又冷又饿，我的确后悔我没为糟糕的天气做准备。
Cold and hungry，I I had made no preparations for the terrible weather.
does look like the branches of a tree
did regret
(3)(2023·天津3月，书面表达)正是我们班长的慷慨、谦逊和善良使他被称作“活雷锋”。
make him called a “living Lei Feng”.
It is our monitor’s generosity，modesty and kindness that
(4)(申请信之个人优势)Being exposed to foreign surroundings strengthens my language competence.
→_____________________________________________________________
_____________(强调谓语动词)
→____________________________________________________________________________________(强调主语)
→_____________________________________________________________
__________________________(强调宾语)
Being exposed to foreign surroundings does strengthen my language competence.
It is being exposed to foreign surroundings that strengthens my language competence.
It is my language competence that being exposed to foreign surroundings strengthens.
[教材原句P26] Tired，hungry，and not knowing a word of Chinese，we had no idea how to order，so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
我们疲惫不堪，饥肠辘辘，也不认识一个汉字，不知道该怎么点餐，所以厨师径自在我们的桌子上摆满食物；那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
4
形容词(短语)作状语
形容词(短语)作状语：
·说明谓语动词表示的动作发生时，主语所处的状态。
·形容词(短语)作状语在句中可以表示行为方式或伴随状况、原因、时
间或条件等。
(1)(读后续写之情绪描写)害怕找不到去农场的路，我坐在树旁，紧紧地抱着肩膀。
，I sat beside a tree and held my shoulders in my arms tightly.
Afraid of not finding the way to the farm
(2)(2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)既绝望又担心，我跪了下来，泪水止不住地顺着脸颊流淌。
，I knelt down，tears streaming down my face without control.
(3)(读后续写之情绪描写)他不能控制自己的感情，双手掩面，大哭起来。
，he buried his face in his hands and burst into tears.
Desperate and worried
Unable to control his emotions
返 回
基础达标检测
1.Consumed① with sadness，the young man consumed② a large quantity of wine in this bar. ①________　②____
2.There’s a lot of interesting stuff in the book. _______
3.Would you be kind enough to tell me the recipe for success？
______________
vt.使充满
vt.喝
Ⅰ.品句猜词
n.东西
n.诀窍，秘诀
1.We have a of 15 students participating in the activity and a maximum of 50 every year.
2.The beautiful madam a big piece of cake for her husband，who was overjoyed and excited.
3.The hotel restaurant is famous for its excellent ，such as lamb kebab and bean curd.
minimum
sliced
cuisine
Ⅱ.单词拼写
4.As far as I am concerned， (填满) the box with chocolate is a funny way to surprise her.
5.Chinese (食谱) can satisfy vegetarians as well as those who love bacon，ham，sausage，and so on.
recipes
stuffing
1.Prior to (attend) the next class，we will be informed of the outcome of the examination.
2.Although I am senior him by five years，he can make an adaptation to complex surroundings sooner than me.
3.Generally speaking，students’ academic performances are consistent ________their efforts.
4.I am sincerely writing to ask for some tips on how to be (elegance) in my daily life.
attending
to
with
elegant
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
5.As far as I know，these effective measures can prevent illegal __________
(consume) of these products.
6.To discuss the matter in detail，they set up a committee consisting ___nine members.
7.My father wanted me to become a professional worker and have more _________(stable).
8.We will wander in traditional small towns and end up visiting an _____________(exception) museum in Shanghai.
consumption
of
stability
exceptional
The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote，“Tell me what you eat，and I will tell you what you are.”，1. means “You are what you eat.” In fact，Brillat-Savarin was actually 2.__________(refer) to our personality，character，and culture.In many ways，this seems to be true. Chinese cuisine is a case in point.China is a country with vast 3. (area) and a large population.So the food is as 4._______________(vary) as the people. For example，people in Shandong like boiled dumplings 5. (serve) with vinegar，because the process of making dumplings can bring the family members together.
which
referring
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
areas
served
varied/various
6. (traditional)，people in northern Xinjiang spent most of their time on horse backs，and that is 7. they prefer their food to 8._____________(cook) over an open fire.In conclusion，through food，Chinese people everywhere show their culture as well as their friendship and 9. (kind).So what we can say is that culture and cuisine go hand 10. hand，and if you do not experience one，you can never really know the other.
Traditionally
why
返 回
be cooked
kindness
in
作业1
1.The person I (谈到) just now is my best classmate who is optimistic and competent.
2.This elegant middle-aged woman (寻找) her gold ring when her husband returned from his company.
3.Overall，although he (脾气暴躁)，he is generous，modest and warm-hearted.
4.After the chef retires from the restaurant，he (往往会) forget things unless he marks them down.
referred to
was looking for
has a hot temper
Ⅰ.短语填空
tends to
5.After (包水饺)，I went on to the supermarket to buy bacon，sausage and some desserts.
6.I finally (有机会……) meet the craftsman who would teach me some tricks of paper-cutting.
making dumplings
had a chance to
1.来中国之前，我在网上搜索了一些中国美食。(形容词短语作状语)
，I have searched the Internet for some Chinese delicious foods.
2.由于中国有五千多年的历史，有各种各样的食谱就不足为奇了。(since引导原因状语从句)
，it is no wonder that there are various recipes.
Prior to coming to China
Since China has a history of more than five thousand years
Ⅱ.主题微写作——中国美食
3.中国人的确用筷子吃饭而美国人则用刀叉。(强调谓语动词)
while Americans use knives and forks.
4.由于不同的气候，中国食品由迥异的食品风格组成，这可以满足每个人的口味。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
Due to various climates，Chinese foods consist of widely different food styles， .
Chinese people do eat with chopsticks
which can suit everyone’s taste
5.我迫不及待地想飞到中国，在那里我可以品尝到令人垂涎欲滴的中国食物。(where引导非限制性定语从句)
I can’t wait to fly to China，______________________________________
________________.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
where I can taste the mouth-watering
Chinese foods
A(此篇精读)
(2025·安徽阜阳高二上期中)
This fall，students at the University of Massachusetts found a new menu at their dining commons：the “diet for a cooler planet” menu.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马萨诸塞大学推出一份菜单，鼓励学生通过选择低碳型食物参与气候行动，反映了美国消费者和机构日益关注食物选择对气候变化的影响。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
This meant meat from animals raised with a carbon-friendly approach.It mainly included vegetables that had been picked from a local farm’s field.The options were plant-heavy with little or no packaging.
“We wanted to let students participate in climate action by making choices about their food，” says Kathy Wicks，director for University of Massachusetts Dining.The university is not alone in this effort.Increasingly，American consumers and institutions are thinking about how their food choices factor into climate change.For many，small choices at the grocery store，dining hall，and restaurant can feel more accessible than big-ticket options like buying an energy-saving car.
Small changes in dietary habits may make a big difference.Climate activists often target fossil fuels(化石燃料) and transportation systems，but studies point to the food system as a significant contributor to global warming.According to Project Drawdown，a research organization that weighs climate solutions，the way food is grown，transported，and consumed accounts for about a quarter of the world’s greenhouse gas production.Beef is a regular target.“If，on average，Americans cut a quarter pound of beef per week from their diet，it’s like taking 10 million cars off the road a year，” says Sujatha Bergen，director of health campaigns for the Natural Resources Defense Council.
Food waste ranks third among climate solutions.While much waste occurs before consumers are engaged—food left on the field because it does not fit appearance standards，Americans also throw out a lot of food they have purchased：about $1,600 worth a year per family of four.
“People are beginning to understand that their food choices make a big impact on climate，” says Megan Larmer，director of regional food at the Glynwood Center for Regional Food and Farming in New York.But she stresses sustainable change will need to come from the whole food system.
1.What can be known about the new menu at the University of Massachusetts
A.It was meat-free.
B.It used plants from cold areas.
C.It was based on locally grown vegetables.
D.It involved vegetables specially packaged.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段中“It mainly included vegetables that had been picked from a local farm’s field.”可知，马萨诸塞大学推出的新菜单以当地种植的蔬菜为基础。故选C。
解析
2.What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A.Factors impacting climate change.
B.Students’ choice about healthy food.
C.Multiple efforts on energy-saving food.
D.Influence of climate change on schools.
√
段落大意题。根据第二段中“The university is not alone in this effort.Increasingly，American consumers and institutions are thinking about how their food choices factor into climate change...”可知，本段主要讲述多方对低碳型食物所做的努力。故选C。
解析
3.Why does some food remain on the field
A.It is too expensive.
B.It doesn’t look nice.
C.It is harmful to health.
D.It doesn’t taste good enough.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中“While much waste occurs before consumers are engaged—food left on the field because it does not fit appearance standards”可知，一些食物之所以被留在田里是因为其外观看上去不美观。故选B。
解析
4.What can be inferred according to Megan Larmer
A.It is stressful to change the food system for better.
B.People have attached great importance to the food production.
C.People’s food choices have improved the global climate greatly.
D.It takes the work from the entire food system to achieve continuing
change.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But she stresses sustainable change will need to come from the whole food system.”可推知，Megan Larmer认为实现可持续的改变需要整个食品系统的努力。故选D。
解析
1.increasingly adv.日益增长地
2.factor(转) n.→v.把……因素包括进去
3.accessible(派)＝access＋ible adj.可到达的，可进入的；易得到的，可使用的
4.make a big difference产生巨大影响
5.contribute v.捐赠，捐献；是……的原因之一→contributor n.捐赠者，作出贡献者；促成因素→contribution n.捐赠；贡献
6.account for (数量、比例上)占；解释；说明
词汇积累
1.It mainly included vegetables that had been picked from a local farm’s field.
分析：此句为复合句。that引导定语从句，vegetables为先行词，that在从句中作主语。
翻译：它主要包括从当地农场采摘的蔬菜。
句式分析
2.Increasingly，American consumers and institutions are thinking about how their food choices factor into climate change.
分析：此句为复合句。how引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语，how在从句中充当方式状语。
翻译：越来越多的美国消费者和机构开始考虑他们的食物选择如何影响气候变化。
B
Wine experts have warned for years that climate change could result in shifting harvest seasons，lower quality wine，and limited plant growth.But here’s a piece of good news: In Bordeaux，France，one of the world’s main wine growing areas，climate change may actually make wine taste better—for now.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了气候变化让波尔多葡萄酒味道更好，介绍了对这一现象进行的相关研究以及研究发现。
70-year data of wine critic scores in Bordeaux，with weather data from the period，showed that wine quality—based on factors such as rich and strong taste—increased over time，according to a study.
For the years 1950 to 2020，scientists analyzed the variation in overall Bordeaux wine quality.The team’s statistical models tested how wine quality in Bordeaux was related to weather factors such as season length，temperature，and rainfall.
The highest-quality Bordeaux wines came from years with warmer and drier summers，cooler and wetter winters，earlier and shorter growing seasons.Climate change is expected to make these conditions more frequent in the region.For instance，it is predicted that France will become warmer，with a four-degree Celsius increase by 2100.Warm temperatures can increase grapes’ sugar content and create sweeter wine.Because Bordeaux wine producers traditionally rely on rainfall for water，there is a direct connection between the climate and wine productivity.
Study leader Andrew was surprised to find that more rainfall during the winter season when grapevines(葡萄藤) are not growing，resulted in better quality wine for the following harvest.“Traditionally we consider weather during the growing season to see how it can affect grape quality.However，the vines are there all year round，and we found weather conditions in the non-growing season had an impact through the next harvest，” says Andrew.More rain in the winter might result in better water balance in the soil during the growing season.“Healthy vines make better grapes，” says Andrew.
5.What may be the effect of climate change on wine in Bordeaux in paragraph 1
A.The taste of the wine is better.
B.The price of the wine is higher.
C.The production of the wine increases.
D.The quality of the wine is lower.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In Bordeaux，France...climate change may actually make wine taste better...”可知，气候变化使波尔多葡萄酒的味道更好。故选A。
解析
6.What’s the purpose of the example in paragraph 4
A.To offer some details.
B.To stimulate readers’ interest.
C.To give a recommendation.
D.To explain the author’s opinion.
√
写作意图题。根据第四段内容可推知，本段的例子是为了解释作者的观点，即本段的前两句“最高品质的波尔多葡萄酒产自夏季温暖干燥、冬季凉爽湿润、生长季节提前缩短的年份。预计气候变化将使这种情况在该地区更加频繁”。故选D。
解析
7.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.The impact of climate on grape quality throughout the year.
B.The positive effects of more winter rainfall on wine quality.
C.The importance of new wine producing ways in Bordeaux.
D.The traditional considerations of weather during the growing season.
√
段落大意题。根据最后一段尤其第一句“Study leader Andrew was surprised to find that more rainfall during the winter season when grapevines(葡萄藤) are not growing，resulted in better quality wine for the following harvest.”可知，本段主要讲更多的冬季降雨对葡萄酒品质的积极影响。故选B。
解析
8.In which section of a website can we read this text
A.Science. B.Lifestyle.
C.Technology. D.Medicine.
√
文章出处题。根据第一段内容并结合下文主要说明了气候变化让波尔多葡萄酒味道更好，介绍了对这一现象进行的相关研究以及研究发现可推知，文章选自网站的科学部分。故选A。
解析
Rehan Staton，a 24-year-old former cleaner，was admitted into Harvard Law School.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了24岁的前清洁工雷汉·斯塔顿在别人的帮助下，最终被哈佛大学法学院录取的故事。
Ⅳ.完形填空
Staton was raised by a single father who worked hard to 1 him and his brother.Growing up was tough and he used to 2 in school.
1.A.stand by B.object to
C.provide for D.call on
2.A.entertain B.compete
C.mature D.struggle
√
√
1.stand by支持；object to反对；provide for供养；call on号召。根据上文“Staton was raised by a single father who worked hard to”可知，父亲努力工作养活他和他的兄弟。故选C。
2.entertain娱乐；compete比赛；mature使成熟；struggle挣扎。根据后文“to a special education class”可知，老师建议他转到特殊教育班，说明他过去在学校里很挣扎。故选D。
解析
One teacher even suggested he 3 to a special education class.But under the 4 of a tutor，he ended up making the 5 roll.
3.A.listen B.switch
C.yield D.refer
4.A.burden B.control
C.protection D.guidance
5.A.honor B.pay
C.class D.guest
√
√
√
3.listen听；switch转变；yield产生；refer参考。根据后文“to a special education class”可知，老师甚至建议他转到特殊教育班。故选B。
4.burden负担；control控制；protection保护；guidance指导。根据前文的“But”和后文“of a tutor，he ended up making the roll”可知，有了老师的指导，他最终进入了优秀生名单。故选D。
5.honor荣誉；pay工资；class班级；guest客人。根据上文“he ended up making the”可知，此处为短语honor roll，表示“(大、中学的)优秀生名单，光荣榜”。故选A。
解析
In high school，he used to be an athlete, 6 on martial arts and boxing.However，an injury ruined the 7 of him turning professional in sports，and he got 8 by every college he had applied to.
6.A.deciding B.taking
C.focusing D.depending
7.A.luck B.interest
C.fantasy D.chance
8.A.refused B.limited
C.marked D.rated
√
√
√
6.decide决定；take带走；focus集中；depend依靠。根据后文“on martial arts and boxing”可知，他专注于武术和拳击。故选C。
7.luck运气；interest兴趣；fantasy幻想；chance机会。根据上文“an injury ruined the”可知，一次受伤毁了他成为职业运动员的机会。故选D。
8.refuse拒绝；limit限制；mark标记；rate评价。根据上文“an injury ruined the...in sports”可知，他因为受伤被大学拒绝了。故选A。
解析
Instead of pursuing higher education，Staton started working at Bates Trucking & Trash Removal to support his family.There，his co-workers 9 his spirits.Motivated by them，he 10 in Bowie State University in 2014，and in 2016，he 11 to the University of Maryland.Then，he took the Law School Admission Test(LSAT) and applied to nine schools.
9.A.woke B.lifted
C.brought D.kept
10.A.entered B.settled
C.trusted D.lectured
11.A.stuck B.attended
C.transferred D.belonged
√
√
√
9.wake醒来；lift举起，振奋；bring带来；keep保持。根据后文“his spirits”以及“Motivated by them”可知，他的同事让他振作起来。故选B。
10.enter加入，进入；settle解决；trust信任；lecture训斥。根据后文“in Bowie State University in 2014”可知，他进入大学。故选A。
11.stick卡住；attend参加；transfer转学；belong属于。根据后文“to the University of Maryland”可知，他后来转去了别的大学。故选C。
解析
When reading the law school 12 emails，Staton and his friends were in shock and excitement. 13 ，Staton chose to attend Harvard Law School—and he’ll never forget all the 14 people who helped him get there.
12.A.charity B.acceptance
C.promotion D.inquiry
13.A.Gradually B.Incredibly
C.Eventually D.Literally
14.A.optimistic B.supportive
C.thoughtful D.pleasant
√
√
√
12.charity慈善；acceptance录取，接受；promotion提拔；inquiry询问。根据后文“emails，Staton and his friends were in shock and excitement”可知，他和他朋友们的震惊和兴奋说明收到了录取邮件。故选B。
13.gradually逐渐地；incredibly难以置信地；eventually最后；literally字面地，确实地。根据后文“Staton chose to attend Harvard Law School”可知，他最终选择进入哈佛法学院。故选C。
14.optimistic乐观的；supportive支持的；thoughtful体贴的；pleasant令人愉快的。根据后文“people who helped him get there”可知，此处指他永远不会忘记所有支持他的人。故选B。
解析
“Throughout this time，people often ask me，‘How did you do it？’ It’s more so how could I not do it when everyone is breaking their 15 for me，and pushing for me to win，” he said.
15.A.backs B.legs
C.words D.routines
√
back后背；leg腿；word话语；routine常规。根据上文“everyone is breaking their”以及“people who helped him get there”可知，此处指每个人都在尽力帮助他，短语break one’s back表示“全力以赴”。故选A。
解析
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