资源简介

(共95张PPT)
Period 1
Reading and Thinking
First aid
Unit 5
内容索引
Step 1　课文深度理解
Step 2　语言知识梳理
Step 3　基础达标检测
作业1
课文深度理解
1.Which part of your body is the largest organ
A.Legs. B.The skin.
C.The head. D.The stomach.
√
泛读速选
2.Which of the following can lead to 2nd-degree burns
A.Sunburn. B.Petrol fires.
C.Hot liquids. D.Electric shocks.
√
3.What’s one of the features of 3rd-degree burns
A.Black and white.
B.Extremely painful.
C.Rough，red and swollen.
D.Turn white when pressed.
√
4.What shouldn’t be done when a person gets burnt
A.Applying oil to the burns.
B.Cooling burns immediately.
C.Drying the burnt area gently.
D.Removing any clothes if necessary.
√
5.What’s the main idea of the text
A.Functions of the skin.
B.Burns and their first aid.
C.Types and features of burns.
D.Causes and treatment of burns.
√
6.Who is the passage written for
A.Parents who love children.
B.People who will be doctors.
C.Those who need first-aid knowledge.
D.Paramedics who need further training.
√
7.What’s the writer’s tone in writing the passage
A.Objective. B.Subjective.
C.Enthusiastic. D.Unconcerned.
√
FIRST AID FOR BURNS
The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ.Your skin acts as1 a barrier against disease，toxins，and the sun’s rays.[1]It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from2 losing too much water，warns you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touch3.
[1]本句是复合句。主句中有四个并列的谓语动词：helps，prevents，warns和gives；when引导时间状语从句。
词块翻译：
1._______
2._________________
3.______
精读细研
充当
阻止……做……
触觉
[2]As you can imagine，getting burnt4 can lead to5 very serious injuries. [3]The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid6.
[2]本句是复合句。As引导非限制性定语从句，getting burnt是动词-ing短语作主语。
[3]本句是简单句。giving first aid是动词-ing短语作表语。
词块翻译：
4.__________
5.______
6.__________
被烧/烫伤
导致
进行急救
CAUSES OF BURNS
[4]You can get burnt by a variety of7 things：hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation，the sun，electricity，acids，or other chemicals.
TYPES OF BURNS
[5]Burns are divided into8 three types，depending on9 the depth of skin damage.
[4]本句是简单句。其中冒号后的内容是对上文things的具体示例。
[5]本句是简单句。其中depending on...是动词-ing短语作状语。
词块翻译：
7.____________
8.______________
9.____________________
各种各样的
分为；被分成
取决于；依靠；依赖
·First-degree burns　These affect only the top few millimetres of the skin.These burns are not serious.[6]Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents10.
·Second-degree burns　These go below the top layer of the skin.They are serious and take a few weeks to get better.Examples include burns caused by hot liquids.
[6]本句是简单句。其中caused by other minor household incidents是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰burns。
词块翻译：
10.____________
家庭事故
·Third-degree burns　These affect every layer of the skin，and sometimes the tissue under it.Examples include burns caused by electric shocks11，burning clothes，or petrol fires.[7]These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital12 at once13.
[7]本句是由and连接的并列句。
词块翻译：
11.____________
12.________
13.____________
触电；电击
去医院
立刻；马上　
CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS
First-degree burns
·dry，red，and mildly swollen
·mildly painful
·[8]turn white14 when pressed
Second-degree burns
·red and swollen；blisters；watery surface15
·extremely painful
[8]句中when pressed是时间状语从句的省略形式。
词块翻译：
14.______
15.____________
变白
含水的表面
Third-degree burns
·black and white
·swollen；the tissue underneath can often be seen
·[9]little or no pain if nerves are damaged；may be painful around the edges of the burn
[9]句中if引导条件状语从句。
FIRST-AID TREATMENT
1　Place burns under cool running water，especially within the first ten minutes.The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain16 and swelling.
2　Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.
3　[10]Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary17，unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
[10]本句是复合句。主句是祈使句，using scissors是动词 -ing短语作方式状语，if necessary是条件状语从句的省略结构，unless引导条件状语从句。
词块翻译：
16.__________
17._______________
减轻疼痛
如果必要的话
4　Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.[11]Applying oil to18 the injured areas is a bad idea，as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection19.
5　If burns are on the face，make sure20 the victim can still breathe.
[11]本句是复合句。其中动词-ing短语Applying oil to the injured areas作主语，as引导原因状语从句。
词块翻译：
18._______________________
19.__________
20.______
把……运用/涂抹于……
引起感染
确保
6　[12]If the victim is suffering from21 second or third-degree burns，there is an urgent need to22 take him/her to the hospital at once.
[12]本句是复合句。其中主句是there be句型，if引导的是条件状语从句。
词块翻译：
21._______
22._____________________
遭受
有做某事的迫切需要
析篇章结构
返 回
significance
functions
injuries
causes
types
treatment
语言知识梳理
adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的 vi.辅修(minority n.少数；少数民族 major adj.主要的；重要的 n.专业课；主修学生 vi.主修 majority n.多数；大部分)
[教材原句P50] Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧/烫伤。
[译林版] Lisa Mayer,29，is among the lucky ones who only suffered minor injuries.29岁的丽莎·梅耶尔是幸运儿之一，她只受了轻伤。
1
minor
·in a/the minority占少数
a minority of少数的；少量的
·major in主修
·in a/the majority占大多数
a majority of大多数的
(1)In our university，the students who major French are in a ___________(minor).
(2)Because a (major) of students lack first-aid techniques，the Student Association will host a lecture on first aid.
in
minority
majority
(3)(议论文写作)谈及网上购物，不同的人有不同的观点。大多数人认为它正发挥着越来越重要的作用。他们在网上购买的日用品占了大多数。然而，少数人反对它。主要原因是他们看不到、摸不到产品，因此，他们在网上买的东西占少数。
写作佳句
When it comes to online shopping，different people hold different opinions. think it is playing an increasingly important role.The daily goods they have bought online are .However，___________________ are opposed to it. is that they can not see or touch the products，so what they have bought online are__________________.
A majority of people
in a/the majority
a minority of people
The major reason
in a/the minority
adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的(urge vt.力劝；敦促；竭力主张 n.强烈的愿望urgently adv.急切地；迫切地urgency n.紧急；急迫)
[教材原句P51] If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns，there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。
[译林版] Unfortunately，they face a variety of dangers and many of them are in urgent need of protection.
不幸的是，它们面临各种危险，其中许多迫切需要保护。
2
urgent
·urge sb to do sth＝urge that sb (should) do sth 敦促/力劝某人做某事
It is urged that...(should) do sth.坚决要求……做某事。
·have an urge to do sth 渴望做某事
(1)Our head teacher urged us students (give) a helping hand to each other to ease our heavy study pressure.
＝Our head teacher urged that we students (give) a helping hand to each other to ease our heavy study pressure.
(2)I have an urge (get) the position in the advertisement，so I must carefully prepare a letter of application.
to give
(should) give
to get
(3)(读后续写之焦虑心理描写)我全身发热，我的头脑因一种强烈的急迫感而紧张。因此，我急需您的帮助。
I am boiling hot all over；my mind is tense__________________
_________.Hence，I .
写作佳句
with a great sense of
urgency
urgently need your assistance
(4)(话题写作之传统文化)坚决要求我们应该举办各种各样的活动以纪念屈原，比如赛龙舟和包粽子。
to honor Qu Yuan，such as dragon boat racing and making rice dumplings.
It is urged that we (should) hold various activities
[教材原句P51] Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧/烫伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧/烫伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
3
祈使句
·用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫祈使句。
·肯定的祈使句结构
①Be＋形容词/名词
②Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分
③动词原形＋其他成分
·否定的祈使句结构
①Don’t＋动词原形＋其他成分
②Let’s＋not＋动词原形＋其他成分
③Never＋动词原形＋其他成分
·祈使句常用句型
①祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝ If...，＋主句
②祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句＝If...not，＋主句
③名词词组＋and＋陈述句
(1)请安静。让我们开始上有关中国餐桌礼仪的课。精通它们，你会在中国感到舒服自在。
，please. on table manners in China.
___________________________________________________ in China.
Be quiet
Let’s begin our class
Have a good command of them，and you will feel at ease
(2)(2024·浙江1月，读后续写)伊娃声嘶力竭地喊道：“勇敢点！不要灰心！”她的声音里满含希望。
Eva yelled at the top of her voice，“ ！” Her voice was full of hope.
(3)绝不要戏弄残疾人。不要以貌取人。
the disabled.________________________________
______________.
Be brave！Never/Don’t lose heart
Never play tricks on
Don’t judge a person by his
appearance
(4)(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)再往前一步，我会从山顶上摔下来，这吓得我汗毛都竖起来了。
and I will fall off the peak of the mountain，which makes my hair stand on end.
(5)If you don’t inform me of the exact time of your arrival，I won’t know when to pick you up at the airport.
→____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________(用“祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句”改写)
One more step forward/Take one more step forward
Inform me of the exact time of your arrival，or/otherwise I won’t know when to pick you up at the airport.
4
if 省略结构
常见的if省略结构还有：
if possible如果可能的话
if so如果是这样的话
if not如果不是这样的话
if ever如果曾经有过的话
if any如果有的话
(1)如有必要，你可以采取紧急措施以避免进一步的伤害。
You can take urgent measures to avoid further injuries .
(2)如果可能的话，你可以来北京度假。如果你来的话，我将带你参观颐和园。如果你不来的话，我就报名参加夏令营。
，you can come to Beijing for a holiday. ，I’ll show you around the Summer Palace. ，I will enrol in a summer camp.
(3)他极少向困难屈服，如果曾经有过的话。在他看来，如果有问题就要及时解决。
Rarely， ，has he given in to difficulties.In his opinion，problems，__________，should be solved without delay.
If possible
if necessary
If not
If so
if ever
if any
5
条件状语从句
条件状语从句的引导词除了unless，常见的还有on condition that，if，in case，as/so long as等。
注意：“only＋if从句”放句首时，主句需用部分倒装。
(1)(话题写作之语言学习)除非我们坚持每天读英文报，我们的英语水平才会得到提高。
，our English level won’t get improved.
(2)(应用文写作之求助信)若你告诉我哪些中国传统文化最吸引外国人，我就能把这次主题班会组织得很好。如果你能帮我，我将不胜感激。
I can organize the theme class meeting perfectly______________________
________________________________________________________.I’d appreciate it .
Unless we insist on reading the English newspaper every day
on condition that you tell me which traditional Chinese cultures attract foreigners most
if you could do me a favor
(3)以防你需要我的帮助，这是我的电话号码。只要你给我打电话，我会马上去帮你。
，here’s my phone number.________________
_________，I will come to your aid without delay.
(4)(话题写作之环境保护)只有每个人承担起保护环境的责任，我们才能够建立一个更美好的世界。
Only if ________________________________________________________
build a more beautiful world.
In case you need my help
返 回
As/So long as you
call me
everyone takes responsibility to protect the environment can we
基础达标检测
1.There is no denying that the man of true nerve is not frightened by death. _________
2.He majored in English and minored in economics. ________
3.I swallowed my pride and asked someone at the bus stop for help.
_________
n.勇气
Ⅰ.品句猜词
vi.辅修
vt.抑制
1.Contrary to my former thought，my new deskmate had a good command
of the of photography.
2.The largest in the body is the skin and we must protect it against radiation，toxins，electric shock or other dangers.
3.The suggestions on how to prevent rain put forward by the expert are very practical.
4.I alongside my classmates was busy handing out these (传单) about first aid on a freezing cold winter Sunday.
techniques
organ
acid
Ⅱ.单词拼写
leaflets
5.The two (患者) had blisters on their swollen arms，so we must send them to the hospital.
victims
1.A (minor) of airlines can provide customers with high-quality service.
2.What I had anticipated was that my son would be (nerve) when giving a performance on the stage.
3.If a tooth (loose)，your dentist is bound to recommend that it should be taken out.
4. we can’t get to the destination at dusk，we will live in a nearby hotel.
5.Come on， we can reach the shopping mall as scheduled.
6.I owe my success to my ability to handle various (urge) incidents.
minority
nervous
loosens
If
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
and
urgent
The skin，which acts as a barrier against disease，toxins and the sun’s rays，is 1. essential part of your body and is its largest organ.So if your skin gets 2. (burn)，it can be very serious.The causes of burns can be a 3. (vary) of things：hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation，the sun，electricity，acids and so on.4. ______________
(depend) on the depth of skin damage，they are called first，second or third-degree burns.First-degree burns affect only the top few millimetres of the skin and it turns white 5. pressed.Second-degree burns go below the top layer of the skin，
an
burnt/burned
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
variety
Depending
when/if
including burns 6. (cause) by hot liquids.Third-degree burns affect every layer of the skin，and sometimes the tissue underneath it,7._________ causes little or no pain if nerves 8. (damage).
We should do some first aid if burns happen.If the burns are slight，place burns under cool running water，which can stop the burning process and reduce the pain and swelling 9. (effective).If necessary，remove any clothes using scissors unless the fabric sticks to the burnt skin.If the victim is suffering badly，there is an urgent need 10.________(take) him/her to the hospital at once.
caused
which
are damaged
effectively
to take
返 回
作业1
1.This trained dog (充当) a guide for my elderly grandpa for two years.
2.Although diners (阻止……做) bringing their own wine，the restaurant is still popular with people.
3. (被烧伤) is common in our daily life，so we’d better know some techniques of first-aid treatments for burns.
4.My carelessness (导致) some minor errors and there was an urgent need to correct them.
has acted as/has been acting as
are prevented from
Getting burnt
Ⅰ.短语填空
led to
5.It is anticipated that we will be given different tasks， (取决于) our strengths and weaknesses.
6. (遭受) a severe illness for several months，the victim had to lie in bed day and night.
depending on
Having suffered from
1.遵循以下技巧，我们可以轻松地帮助那些流鼻血的人止血。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.治疗流鼻血的首要且最重要的一步是站直或稍微前倾，而不是保持头向后。(动词-ing短语作表语)
The first and most important step in the treatment of nosebleeds is
.
Follow the following techniques and we can aid those with nosebleeds to stop bleeding with ease.
standing upright or slightly forward rather than keeping their head back
Ⅱ.主题微写作——流鼻血的急救方法
3.另外，往他们的头上或鼻子上放一条冷毛巾能够缓解他们的状况。(动词-ing短语作主语)
Besides， can ease them of their situation.
4.如果没有缓解状况，我们可以把手指放在鼻子两侧三到五分钟，然后缓慢拿开手指。(if省略结构)
，we can put our fingers on both sides of the nose for 3－5 minutes and then slowly remove them.
putting a cold towel on their head or nose
If not
5.如果以上方法不奏效，急需把患者送往医院。(条件状语从句)
，there is an urgent need to send the victims to the hospital.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
If the methods above don’t work
A
(2025·广东肇庆高二上期中)
December 13,2022，was a normal day in the cafeteria for students at West Alexander Middle School.The cafeteria is typically a social place with students having some free talk time and teachers watching from the stage.
语篇解读　本文是新闻报道。一名学生在餐厅吃午餐时被瓶盖噎住，随后他用肢体语言向老师求救并成功获救。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
On this particular day，sixth-grader Jaxen Hubbard was eating his lunch，including a bag of goldfish crackers.He had the crackers in one hand and in his other hand，he was holding the cap of his water bottle.When Jaxen related the events of this incident，he said he must have put the water bottle lid(盖子) in his mouth with a handful of goldfish.
His breathing and speech were affected，but he showed no fear.He was able to communicate his need for help with his body language to teachers.The camera in the cafeteria caught all this on video.
Officer Shawtae Watts heard a call on her walkie-talkie(对讲机) that there was an immediate need for help in the cafeteria and she was the first on the scene.She said the teacher on the walkie-talkie said，“We need help in the cafeteria NOW！” She said that when she entered the cafeteria，she could see Jaxen from across the room.She ran to him and could see that he was choking.She didn’t ask questions and began immediately administering the Heimlich maneuver in an effort to clear his airway.
Watts said it wasn’t long before the water bottle lid was out of Jaxen’s throat.It was a messy procedure，but a successful one.
Officer Watts has been the School Resource Officer at West for a little over a year，and she had served in law enforcement since 2008.She said this was the first time in her career that she had to perform the Heimlich maneuver.
When asked about Officer Watts，Assistant Principal Miss Jessica Mundy said，“Watts is always first on the scene.She is obviously a valuable resource to the staff and students at West Alexander Middle School.”
1.What happened to Jaxen
A.He got food poisoning.
B.He suffered from a stuck lid.
C.He was in conflict with other students.
D.He began choking after drinking water.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When Jaxen related the events of this incident，he said he must have put the water bottle lid(盖子) in his mouth with a handful of goldfish.”和第三段中的“His breathing and speech were affected”可知，Jaxen被瓶盖噎住了。故选B。
解析
2.How did Jaxen respond to his trouble
A.He tried to take the cap out.
B.He was too frightened to move.
C.He signaled to the teachers for help.
D.He turned to the camera for help.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He was able to communicate his need for help with his body language to teachers.”可知，Jaxen用肢体语言向老师示意自己需要帮助。故选C。
解析
3.How was the rescue
A.Simple. B.Effective.
C.Well-planned. D.Time-consuming.
√
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“It was a messy procedure，but a successful one.”可知，虽然救助的过程有点混乱，但是这名学生最终成功获救，因此救援很有效。故选B。
解析
4.What did Jessica say about Watts
A.She is creative.
B.She is energetic.
C.She is outgoing.
D.She is committed.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Jessica说的话“Watts is always first on the scene.She is obviously a valuable resource to the staff and students at West Alexander Middle School.”可知，Jessica认为Watts非常敬业，是学校教职员工和学生的宝贵资源。故选D。
解析
B(此篇精读)
(2025·安徽阜阳高二上期中)
The world’s elderly population is increasing.The number of older people—those aged 60 or older—is expected to double by 2050 and is growing faster than all younger age groups across the world.That comes with an increasing need for caregivers who can provide 24-hour care，not only at hospitals or nursing homes，but also at private homes.
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员已经开发出一种新的设计方法，这种方法可以通过3D打印机生产软体机器人，它们能够改变自身身体结构和动作以适应不同的环境，这将满足日益增长的养老看护机器人的需求。
Already，caregiving robots are programmed to ask questions a nurse would ask and can keep an eye on patients for falls.These robotic assistants are expected to become increasingly marketable and reach 450,000 by 2045 because of the expected caregiver shortage in the United States.
“Unluckily，the hard structure of present caregiving robots prevents them from a safe human-robot interaction，limiting their assistance to only social interaction and not physical interaction，” said Ramses Martinez，an assistant professor in Purdue’s College of Engineering.“After all，would you leave babies or old people in the hands of a robot？”
Recent advances in material science have enabled the production of soft robots with deformable(可变形的) bodies or the ability to reshape themselves when touched，but today the complex design prevents the use of this technology at home.
However，Martinez and other researchers have developed a new design method which shows promise in enabling the production of soft robots using a 3D printer.
The design process has three steps.First，a user makes a computer-aided design file with the shape of the robot.The user then paints the file to show which directions the different joints of the soft robot will move.It takes the computer a few seconds to change the computer-aided design model into a 3D soft machine that can be printed using any 3D printer.
“The soft machines move like humans.Their ability to change their body structure and movement to adapt to a wide variety of environments will improve caregiving greatly，” says Martinez.
The researchers are looking for partners to test and bring their technology to the market.
5.Why does the market urgently need caregiving robots
A.The results of advanced technology.
B.The basic needs of the nursing homes.
C.The continuous decrease in birth rate.
D.The rapid increase in the global aging population.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段“The world’s elderly population is increasing.The number of older people...is expected to double by 2050 and is growing faster...That comes with an increasing need for caregivers...”可知，市场迫切需要看护机器人的原因是全球老龄人口的迅速增加。故选D。
解析
6.What makes it difficult for people to accept caregiving robots
A.The robots can’t communicate with the patients freely.
B.The robots can’t offer reliable physical interaction.
C.The robots can’t update the service in a timely manner.
D.The robots can’t truly empathize with the old patients.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Unluckily，the hard structure of present caregiving robots prevents them from a safe human-robot interaction，limiting their assistance to only social interaction and not physical interaction”可知，目前的看护机器人不能提供令人信赖的身体互动，这使得人们难以接受它们。故选B。
解析
7.How to evaluate Martinez’s new design method
A.It makes the production of soft robots easier to operate.
B.It requires a specific 3D printer to print out a soft robot.
C.It takes a long time to print a soft robot with a 3D printer.
D.It allows the computer to fully automate the robot production.
√
推理判断题。根据第六段尤其最后一句“It takes the computer a few seconds to change the computer-aided design model into a 3D soft machine that can be printed using any 3D printer.”可知，利用马丁内斯和其他研究人员开发的新的设计方法，计算机只需要几秒便可以转化出能使用任何3D打印机打印的软体机器人。由此可知，马丁内斯他们的设计使软体机器人的生产更容易操作。故选A。
解析
8.What is the text mainly about
A.The robot industry in the future.
B.The effects of population ageing.
C.Soft robots created with 3D printers.
D.The development of 3D printers.
√
主旨大意题。根据第五段“However，Martinez and other researchers have developed a new design method which shows promise in enabling the production of soft robots using a 3D printer.”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了马丁内斯和其他研究人员已经开发出一种新的设计方法，这种方法可以通过3D打印机生产软体机器人。C选项与本文主旨相符。故选C。
解析
1.double adj.双倍的 v.加倍
2.private adj.私有的；私人的；私密的
3.keep an eye on密切关注；留意
4.assist v.帮助；援助→assistance n.帮助；援助→assistant n.助理；副手 adj.助理的；副的
5.promise n.迹象；承诺；保证 v.承诺；保证
词汇积累
1.That comes with an increasing need for caregivers who can provide 24-hour care，not only at hospitals or nursing homes，but also at private homes.
分析：who引导定语从句，caregivers是先行词，who在从句中作主语。
翻译：随之而来的是，对能够提供24小时护理的护理人员的需求越来越大，不仅在医院或养老院，而且在私人家中。
句式分析
2.It takes the computer a few seconds to change the computer-aided design model into a 3D soft machine that can be printed using any 3D printer.
分析：it takes...to do sth意为“做某事花费……”。that引导定语从句，先行词为machine，that在从句中作主语。
翻译：计算机只需几秒钟就能将计算机辅助的设计模型转换为可使用任何3D打印机打印的3D软体机器。
(2025·河北沧州高二上期末)
Justin Gavin,18，was on a walk to a local shop.Then he saw something that made his heart 1 .
1.A.sing B.freeze
C.sink D.hurt
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Justin Gavin帮助一家人及时从着火的车里逃脱的故事。
Ⅳ.完形填空
√
sing唱(歌)；freeze结冰；sink(心情)变得沉重；hurt受伤。根据下文“A small SUV in flames(火焰) drove past him.”和“Your car is on fire！”可知，Justin Gavin看到一辆着火的车从他身边驶过，这让他心情沉重；短语make one’s heart sink“让某人心情沉重”符合语境。故选C。
解析
A small SUV 2 in flames(火焰) drove past him.
2.A.covered B.built
C.packed D.hidden
√
cover覆盖；build建造；pack打包，包装；hide隐藏。根据下文“Your car is on fire！”可知，这辆车着火了。be covered in flames意为“被火焰包围”，符合语境。故选A。
解析
“I’m yelling(叫喊) to stop the car！Your car is on fire！Your car is on fire！” Gavin said.But the driver—a mother of three kids，couldn’t stop.That’s when，Gavin says，he didn’t have 3 to think and fell into action.He ran after the burning car to help the family 4 .
3.A.plan B.time
C.money D.energy
4.A.escape B.rest
C.reflect D.participate
√
√
3.plan计划；time时间；money钱；energy精力。根据上文“But the driver—a mother of three kids，couldn’t stop.”可知，车着火了但是没有停下来，形势紧急，Gavin没有时间去思考，便直接采取行动了。故选B。
4.escape逃脱；rest休息；reflect反射，深思；participate参加。根据上文“But the driver—a mother of three kids，couldn’t stop.”可知，Gavin追赶这辆着火的车是为了帮助车里的一家人从车中逃出来。故选A。
解析
“I just felt like if I were in that 5 ，I would want somebody to help me out，” Gavin said.“I guess my instincts(本能) 6 .”
5.A.interruption B.performance
C.situation D.presence
6.A.gave away B.took over
C.settled down D.dropped in
√
√
5.interruption打断；performance表演，表现；situation情况；presence出席，存在。根据下文“I would want somebody to help me out”可知，Gavin觉得如果自己处于同样的情况，也会希望有人帮助。故选C。
6.give away赠送；take over占上风，接管；settle down定居下来；drop in顺便访问。此处指面对紧急情况，Gavin没有考虑就前去救助，是本能占了上风。故选B。
解析
When Gavin finally reached the 7 ，it had come to a stop.He 8 the car door and helped the mother out of the driver’s seat first.
7.A.vehicle B.bus
C.root D.peak
8.A.fixed B.designed
C.decorated D.opened
√
√
7.vehicle车辆；bus公共汽车；root根；peak巅峰，顶点。根据上文“A small SUV ________ in flames(火焰) drove past him.”以及“He ran after the burning car to help the family .”可知，设空处指着火的SUV。故选A。
8.fix修理；design设计；decorate装饰；open打开。根据下文“helped the mother out of the driver’s seat first”可知，Gavin把车门打开，帮助那位母亲先从驾驶座上下来。故选D。
解析
As the flames grew larger，he pulled the three children in the back seat to 9 .Moments later the car was swallowed by flames.
9.A.safety B.destinations
C.strength D.conflicts
√
safety安全，安全处所；destination目的地；strength力气；conflict冲突。根据语境可知，Gavin应是把后座上的三个孩子也拉出来带到安全地带。故选A。
解析
“It kind of got 10 because I didn’t know whether I was going to be able to get everyone out in time.And 11 ，I did，” Gavin said.
10.A.easy B.exciting
C.scary D.interesting
11.A.gradually B.luckily
C.skillfully D.angrily
√
√
10.easy容易的；exciting令人兴奋的；scary可怕的；interesting有趣的。根据上文“As the flames grew larger”以及下文“I didn’t know whether I was going to be able to get everyone out in time”可知，火势越来越大，而Gavin不知道能否及时把所有人救出来，因此当时形势令人害怕。故选C。
11.gradually逐渐地；luckily幸运地；skillfully熟练地；angrily 愤怒地。根据上文“I didn’t know whether I was going to be able to get everyone out in time”以及空后“I did”可知，Gavin最后成功帮所有人从着火的车里及时撤离，这是非常幸运的。故选B。
解析
The mother 12 the teen with saving her family’s life.The police department honored Gavin as a 13 and awarded the teenager with a “challenge coin” to acknowledge his 14 act.
12.A.charged B.interpreted
C.credited D.bothered
13.A.tutor B.hero
C.firefighter D.journalist
14.A.anxious B.curious
C.serious D.courageous
√
√
√
12.charge充电，控告；interpret解释，口译；credit把……归功于；bother使(某人)烦恼。根据空后“the teen with saving her family’s life”可知，这位母亲认为是这名青少年救了她家人的命，credit sb with (doing) sth“认为(做)某事是某人的功劳；把(做)某事归功于某人”符合语境。故选C。
13.tutor私人教师，导师；hero英雄；firefighter消防员；journalist新闻工作者。根据上文讲述的Gavin不顾危险从着火的车里救出母子四人的故事可知，警察局表扬Gavin是一名英雄。故选B。
14.anxious焦虑的；curious好奇的；serious严重的；courageous勇敢的，有胆量的。根据上文讲述的Gavin不顾危险从着火的车里救出母子四人的故事可知，他的行为非常勇敢。故选D。
解析
Gavin said the experience was inspiring and changed his 15 of life.“It made me realize life is short and valuable，” Gavin said.
15.A.composition B.logic
C.flavor D.perspective
√
composition成分，创作；logic逻辑，道理；flavor味道，特点；perspective思维方式，看法。根据下文“It made me realize life is short and valuable”可知，这次经历改变了Gavin对生活的看法。故选D。
解析
返 回
本课结束Period 1　Reading and Thinking
1．Which part of your body is the largest organ
A．Legs. B．The skin.
C．The head. D．The stomach.
答案　B
2．Which of the following can lead to 2nd-degree burns
A．Sunburn. B．Petrol fires.
C．Hot liquids. D．Electric shocks.
答案　C
3．What’s one of the features of 3rd-degree burns
A．Black and white.
B．Extremely painful.
C．Rough，red and swollen.
D．Turn white when pressed.
答案　A
4．What shouldn’t be done when a person gets burnt
A．Applying oil to the burns.
B．Cooling burns immediately.
C．Drying the burnt area gently.
D．Removing any clothes if necessary.
答案　A
5．What’s the main idea of the text
A．Functions of the skin.
B．Burns and their first aid.
C．Types and features of burns.
D．Causes and treatment of burns.
答案　B
6．Who is the passage written for
A．Parents who love children.
B．People who will be doctors.
C．Those who need first-aid knowledge.
D．Paramedics who need further training.
答案　C
7．What’s the writer’s tone in writing the passage
A．Objective. B．Subjective.
C．Enthusiastic. D．Unconcerned.
答案　A
FIRST AID FOR BURNS
The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ.Your skin acts as1 a barrier against disease，toxins，and the sun’s rays.[1]It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from2 losing too much water，warns you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touch3.[2]As you can imagine，getting burnt4 can lead to5 very serious injuries. [3]The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid6.
[1]本句是复合句。主句中有四个并列的谓语动词：helps，prevents，warns和gives；when引导时间状语从句。
[2]本句是复合句。As引导非限制性定语从句，getting burnt是动词-ing短语作主语。
[3]本句是简单句。giving first aid是动词-ing短语作表语。
词块翻译：
1．充当
2．阻止……做……
3．触觉
4．被烧/烫伤
5．导致
6．进行急救　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
CAUSES OF BURNS
[4]You can get burnt by a variety of7 things：hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation，the sun，electricity，acids，or other chemicals.
TYPES OF BURNS
[5]Burns are divided into8 three types，depending on9 the depth of skin damage.
·First-degree burns　These affect only the top few millimetres of the skin.These burns are not serious.[6]Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents10.
·Second-degree burns　These go below the top layer of the skin.They are serious and take a few weeks to get better.Examples include burns caused by hot liquids.
·Third-degree burns　These affect every layer of the skin，and sometimes the tissue under it.Examples include burns caused by electric shocks11，burning clothes，or petrol fires.[7]These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital12 at once13.
[4]本句是简单句。其中冒号后的内容是对上文things的具体示例。
[5]本句是简单句。其中depending on...是动词-ing短语作状语。
[6]本句是简单句。其中caused by other minor household incidents是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰burns。
[7]本句是由and连接的并列句。
7.各种各样的
8．分为；被分成
9．取决于；依靠；依赖
10．家庭事故
11．触电；电击
12．去医院
13．立刻；马上　
CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS
First-degree burns
·dry，red，and mildly swollen
·mildly painful
·[8]turn white14 when pressed
Second-degree burns
·red and swollen；blisters；watery surface15
·extremely painful
Third-degree burns
·black and white
·swollen；the tissue underneath can often be seen
·[9]little or no pain if nerves are damaged；may be painful around the edges of the burn
[8]句中when pressed是时间状语从句的省略形式。
[9]句中if引导条件状语从句。
14.变白
15．含水的表面
FIRST-AID TREATMENT
1　Place burns under cool running water，especially within the first ten minutes.The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain16 and swelling.
2　Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.
3　[10]Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary17，unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
4　Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.[11]Applying oil to18 the injured areas is a bad idea，as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection19.
5　If burns are on the face，make sure20 the victim can still breathe.
6　[12]If the victim is suffering from21 second or third-degree burns，there is an urgent need to22 take him/her to the hospital at once.
[10]本句是复合句。主句是祈使句，using scissors是动词-ing短语作方式状语，if necessary是条件状语从句的省略结构，unless引导条件状语从句。
[11]本句是复合句。其中动词-ing短语Applying oil to the injured areas作主语，as引导原因状语从句。
[12]本句是复合句。其中主句是there be句型，if引导的是条件状语从句。
16.减轻疼痛
17．如果必要的话
18．把……运用/涂抹于……
19．引起感染
20．确保
21．遭受
22．有做某事的迫切需要
析篇章结构
minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的 vi.辅修(minority n．少数；少数民族 major adj.主要的；重要的 n．专业课；主修学生 vi.主修 majority n．多数；大部分)
[教材原句P50]Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧/烫伤。
[译林版]Lisa Mayer,29，is among the lucky ones who only suffered minor injuries.29岁的丽莎·梅耶尔是幸运儿之一，她只受了轻伤。
·in a/the minority占少数 a minority of少数的；少量的 ·major in主修 ·in a/the majority占大多数 a majority of大多数的
(1)In our university，the students who major in French are in a minority(minor)．
(2)Because a majority(major) of students lack first-aid techniques，the Student Association will host a lecture on first aid.
[写作佳句]
(3)(议论文写作)谈及网上购物，不同的人有不同的观点。大多数人认为它正发挥着越来越重要的作用。他们在网上购买的日用品占了大多数。然而，少数人反对它。主要原因是他们看不到、摸不到产品，因此，他们在网上买的东西占少数。
When it comes to online shopping，different people hold different opinions.A majority of people think it is playing an increasingly important role.The daily goods they have bought online are in a/the majority.However，a minority of people are opposed to it.The major reason is that they can not see or touch the products，so what they have bought online are in a/the minority.
urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的(urge vt.力劝；敦促；竭力主张 n．强烈的愿望urgently adv.急切地；迫切地urgency n．紧急；急迫)
[教材原句P51]If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns，there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。
[译林版]Unfortunately，they face a variety of dangers and many of them are in urgent need of protection.
不幸的是，它们面临各种危险，其中许多迫切需要保护。
·urge sb to do sth＝urge that sb (should) do sth 敦促/力劝某人做某事
It is urged that...(should) do sth.坚决要求……做某事。
·have an urge to do sth 渴望做某事
(1)Our head teacher urged us students to give(give) a helping hand to each other to ease our heavy study pressure.
＝Our head teacher urged that we students (should) give(give) a helping hand to each other to ease our heavy study pressure.
(2)I have an urge to get(get) the position in the advertisement，so I must carefully prepare a letter of application.
[写作佳句]
(3)(读后续写之焦虑心理描写)我全身发热，我的头脑因一种强烈的急迫感而紧张。因此，我急需您的帮助。
I am boiling hot all over；my mind is tense with a great sense of urgency.Hence，I urgently need your assistance.
(4)(话题写作之传统文化)坚决要求我们应该举办各种各样的活动以纪念屈原，比如赛龙舟和包粽子。
It is urged that we (should) hold various activities to honor Qu Yuan，such as dragon boat racing and making rice dumplings.
祈使句
[教材原句P51]Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧/烫伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧/烫伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
(1)请安静。让我们开始上有关中国餐桌礼仪的课。精通它们，你会在中国感到舒服自在。
Be quiet，please.Let’s begin our class on table manners in China.Have a good command of them，and you will feel at ease in China.
·用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫祈使句。 ·肯定的祈使句结构 ①Be＋形容词/名词 ②Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分 ③动词原形＋其他成分 ·否定的祈使句结构 ①Don’t＋动词原形＋其他成分 ②Let’s＋not＋动词原形＋其他成分 ③Never＋动词原形＋其他成分 ·祈使句常用句型 ①祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝ If...，＋主句 ②祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句＝If...not，＋主句 ③名词词组＋and＋陈述句
(2)(2024·浙江1月，读后续写)伊娃声嘶力竭地喊道：“勇敢点！不要灰心！”她的声音里满含希望。
Eva yelled at the top of her voice，“Be brave！Never/Don’t lose heart！” Her voice was full of hope.
(3)绝不要戏弄残疾人。不要以貌取人。
Never play tricks on the disabled.Don’t judge a person by his appearance.
(4)(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)再往前一步，我会从山顶上摔下来，这吓得我汗毛都竖起来了。
One more step forward/Take one more step forward and I will fall off the peak of the mountain，which makes my hair stand on end.
(5)If you don’t inform me of the exact time of your arrival，I won’t know when to pick you up at the airport.
→Inform me of the exact time of your arrival，or/otherwise I won’t know when to pick you up at the airport.(用“祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句”改写)
if 省略结构
常见的if省略结构还有： if possible如果可能的话 if so如果是这样的话 if not如果不是这样的话 if ever如果曾经有过的话 if any如果有的话
(1)如有必要，你可以采取紧急措施以避免进一步的伤害。
You can take urgent measures to avoid further injuries if necessary.
(2)如果可能的话，你可以来北京度假。如果你来的话，我将带你参观颐和园。如果你不来的话，我就报名参加夏令营。
If possible，you can come to Beijing for a holiday.If so，I’ll show you around the Summer Palace.If not，I will enrol in a summer camp.
(3)他极少向困难屈服，如果曾经有过的话。在他看来，如果有问题就要及时解决。
Rarely，if ever，has he given in to difficulties.In his opinion，problems，if any，should be solved without delay.
条件状语从句
条件状语从句的引导词除了unless，常见的还有on condition that，if，in case，as/so long as等。 注意：“only＋if从句”放句首时，主句需用部分倒装。
(1)(话题写作之语言学习)除非我们坚持每天读英文报，我们的英语水平才会得到提高。
Unless we insist on reading the English newspaper every day，our English level won’t get improved.
(2)(应用文写作之求助信)若你告诉我哪些中国传统文化最吸引外国人，我就能把这次主题班会组织得很好。如果你能帮我，我将不胜感激。
I can organize the theme class meeting perfectly on condition that you tell me which traditional Chinese cultures attract foreigners most.I’d appreciate it if you could do me a favor.
(3)以防你需要我的帮助，这是我的电话号码。只要你给我打电话，我会马上去帮你。
In case you need my help，here’s my phone number.As/So long as you call me，I will come to your aid without delay.
(4)(话题写作之环境保护)只有每个人承担起保护环境的责任，我们才能够建立一个更美好的世界。
Only if everyone takes responsibility to protect the environment can we build a more beautiful world.
Ⅰ.品句猜词
1．There is no denying that the man of true nerve is not frightened by death.n.勇气
2．He majored in English and minored in economics.vi.辅修
3．I swallowed my pride and asked someone at the bus stop for help.vt.抑制
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1.Contrary to my former thought，my new deskmate had a good command of the techniques of photography.
2．The largest organ in the body is the skin and we must protect it against radiation，toxins，electric shock or other dangers.
3．The suggestions on how to prevent acid rain put forward by the expert are very practical.
4．I alongside my classmates was busy handing out these leaflets(传单) about first aid on a freezing cold winter Sunday.
5．The two victims(患者) had blisters on their swollen arms，so we must send them to the hospital.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．A minority(minor) of airlines can provide customers with high-quality service.
2．What I had anticipated was that my son would be nervous(nerve) when giving a performance on the stage.
3．If a tooth loosens(loose)，your dentist is bound to recommend that it should be taken out.
4．If we can’t get to the destination at dusk，we will live in a nearby hotel.
5．Come on，and we can reach the shopping mall as scheduled.
6．I owe my success to my ability to handle various urgent(urge) incidents.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
The skin，which acts as a barrier against disease，toxins and the sun’s rays，is 1.an essential part of your body and is its largest organ.So if your skin gets 2.burnt/burned(burn)，it can be very serious.The causes of burns can be a 3.variety(vary) of things：hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation，the sun，electricity，acids and so on.4.Depending(depend) on the depth of skin damage，they are called first，second or third-degree burns.First-degree burns affect only the top few millimetres of the skin and it turns white 5.when/if pressed.Second-degree burns go below the top layer of the skin，including burns 6.caused(cause) by hot liquids.Third-degree burns affect every layer of the skin，and sometimes the tissue underneath it,7.which causes little or no pain if nerves 8.are damaged(damage)．
We should do some first aid if burns happen.If the burns are slight，place burns under cool running water，which can stop the burning process and reduce the pain and swelling 9.effectively(effective)．If necessary，remove any clothes using scissors unless the fabric sticks to the burnt skin.If the victim is suffering badly，there is an urgent need 10.to take(take) him/her to the hospital at once.
作业1　Reading and Thinking
[分值：62分]
Ⅰ.短语填空(共6小题；每小题2分，满分12分)
1．This trained dog has acted as/has been acting as(充当) a guide for my elderly grandpa for two years.
2．Although diners are prevented from(阻止……做) bringing their own wine，the restaurant is still popular with people.
3．Getting burnt(被烧伤) is common in our daily life，so we’d better know some techniques of first-aid treatments for burns.
4．My carelessness led to(导致) some minor errors and there was an urgent need to correct them.
5．It is anticipated that we will be given different tasks，depending on(取决于) our strengths and weaknesses.
6．Having suffered from(遭受) a severe illness for several months，the victim had to lie in bed day and night.
Ⅱ.主题微写作——流鼻血的急救方法(满分15分)
1．遵循以下技巧，我们可以轻松地帮助那些流鼻血的人止血。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
Follow the following techniques and we can aid those with nosebleeds to stop bleeding with ease.
2．治疗流鼻血的首要且最重要的一步是站直或稍微前倾，而不是保持头向后。(动词-ing短语作表语)
The first and most important step in the treatment of nosebleeds is standing upright or slightly forward rather than keeping their head back.
3．另外，往他们的头上或鼻子上放一条冷毛巾能够缓解他们的状况。(动词-ing短语作主语)
Besides，putting a cold towel on their head or nose can ease them of their situation.
4．如果没有缓解状况，我们可以把手指放在鼻子两侧三到五分钟，然后缓慢拿开手指。(if省略结构)
If not，we can put our fingers on both sides of the nose for 3－5 minutes and then slowly remove them.
5．如果以上方法不奏效，急需把患者送往医院。(条件状语从句)
If the methods above don’t work，there is an urgent need to send the victims to the hospital.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·广东肇庆高二上期中)
December 13,2022，was a normal day in the cafeteria for students at West Alexander Middle School.The cafeteria is typically a social place with students having some free talk time and teachers watching from the stage.
On this particular day，sixth-grader Jaxen Hubbard was eating his lunch，including a bag of goldfish crackers.He had the crackers in one hand and in his other hand，he was holding the cap of his water bottle.When Jaxen related the events of this incident，he said he must have put the water bottle lid(盖子) in his mouth with a handful of goldfish.
His breathing and speech were affected，but he showed no fear.He was able to communicate his need for help with his body language to teachers.The camera in the cafeteria caught all this on video.
Officer Shawtae Watts heard a call on her walkie-talkie(对讲机) that there was an immediate need for help in the cafeteria and she was the first on the scene.She said the teacher on the walkie-talkie said，“We need help in the cafeteria NOW！” She said that when she entered the cafeteria，she could see Jaxen from across the room.She ran to him and could see that he was choking.She didn’t ask questions and began immediately administering the Heimlich maneuver in an effort to clear his airway.
Watts said it wasn’t long before the water bottle lid was out of Jaxen’s throat.It was a messy procedure，but a successful one.
Officer Watts has been the School Resource Officer at West for a little over a year，and she had served in law enforcement since 2008.She said this was the first time in her career that she had to perform the Heimlich maneuver.
When asked about Officer Watts，Assistant Principal Miss Jessica Mundy said，“Watts is always first on the scene.She is obviously a valuable resource to the staff and students at West Alexander Middle School.”
语篇解读　本文是新闻报道。一名学生在餐厅吃午餐时被瓶盖噎住，随后他用肢体语言向老师求救并成功获救。
1．What happened to Jaxen
A．He got food poisoning.
B．He suffered from a stuck lid.
C．He was in conflict with other students.
D．He began choking after drinking water.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When Jaxen related the events of this incident，he said he must have put the water bottle lid(盖子) in his mouth with a handful of goldfish.”和第三段中的“His breathing and speech were affected”可知，Jaxen被瓶盖噎住了。故选B。
2．How did Jaxen respond to his trouble
A．He tried to take the cap out.
B．He was too frightened to move.
C．He signaled to the teachers for help.
D．He turned to the camera for help.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He was able to communicate his need for help with his body language to teachers.”可知，Jaxen用肢体语言向老师示意自己需要帮助。故选C。
3．How was the rescue
A．Simple. B．Effective.
C．Well-planned. D．Time-consuming.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“It was a messy procedure，but a successful one.”可知，虽然救助的过程有点混乱，但是这名学生最终成功获救，因此救援很有效。故选B。
4．What did Jessica say about Watts
A．She is creative.
B．She is energetic.
C．She is outgoing.
D．She is committed.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Jessica说的话“Watts is always first on the scene.She is obviously a valuable resource to the staff and students at West Alexander Middle School.”可知，Jessica认为Watts非常敬业，是学校教职员工和学生的宝贵资源。故选D。
B(此篇精读)
(2025·安徽阜阳高二上期中)
The world’s elderly population is increasing.The number of older people—those aged 60 or older—is expected to double by 2050 and is growing faster than all younger age groups across the world.That comes with an increasing need for caregivers who can provide 24-hour care，not only at hospitals or nursing homes，but also at private homes.
Already，caregiving robots are programmed to ask questions a nurse would ask and can keep an eye on patients for falls.These robotic assistants are expected to become increasingly marketable and reach 450,000 by 2045 because of the expected caregiver shortage in the United States.
“Unluckily，the hard structure of present caregiving robots prevents them from a safe human-robot interaction，limiting their assistance to only social interaction and not physical interaction，” said Ramses Martinez，an assistant professor in Purdue’s College of Engineering.“After all，would you leave babies or old people in the hands of a robot？”
Recent advances in material science have enabled the production of soft robots with deformable(可变形的) bodies or the ability to reshape themselves when touched，but today the complex design prevents the use of this technology at home.
However，Martinez and other researchers have developed a new design method which shows promise in enabling the production of soft robots using a 3D printer.
The design process has three steps.First，a user makes a computer-aided design file with the shape of the robot.The user then paints the file to show which directions the different joints of the soft robot will move.It takes the computer a few seconds to change the computer-aided design model into a 3D soft machine that can be printed using any 3D printer.
“The soft machines move like humans.Their ability to change their body structure and movement to adapt to a wide variety of environments will improve caregiving greatly，” says Martinez.
The researchers are looking for partners to test and bring their technology to the market.
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员已经开发出一种新的设计方法，这种方法可以通过3D打印机生产软体机器人，它们能够改变自身身体结构和动作以适应不同的环境，这将满足日益增长的养老看护机器人的需求。
5．Why does the market urgently need caregiving robots
A．The results of advanced technology.
B．The basic needs of the nursing homes.
C．The continuous decrease in birth rate.
D．The rapid increase in the global aging population.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“The world’s elderly population is increasing.The number of older people...is expected to double by 2050 and is growing faster...That comes with an increasing need for caregivers...”可知，市场迫切需要看护机器人的原因是全球老龄人口的迅速增加。故选D。
6．What makes it difficult for people to accept caregiving robots
A．The robots can’t communicate with the patients freely.
B．The robots can’t offer reliable physical interaction.
C．The robots can’t update the service in a timely manner.
D．The robots can’t truly empathize with the old patients.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Unluckily，the hard structure of present caregiving robots prevents them from a safe human-robot interaction，limiting their assistance to only social interaction and not physical interaction”可知，目前的看护机器人不能提供令人信赖的身体互动，这使得人们难以接受它们。故选B。
7．How to evaluate Martinez’s new design method
A．It makes the production of soft robots easier to operate.
B．It requires a specific 3D printer to print out a soft robot.
C．It takes a long time to print a soft robot with a 3D printer.
D．It allows the computer to fully automate the robot production.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第六段尤其最后一句“It takes the computer a few seconds to change the computer-aided design model into a 3D soft machine that can be printed using any 3D printer.”可知，利用马丁内斯和其他研究人员开发的新的设计方法，计算机只需要几秒便可以转化出能使用任何3D打印机打印的软体机器人。由此可知，马丁内斯他们的设计使软体机器人的生产更容易操作。故选A。
8．What is the text mainly about
A．The robot industry in the future.
B．The effects of population ageing.
C．Soft robots created with 3D printers.
D．The development of 3D printers.
答案　C
解析　主旨大意题。根据第五段“However，Martinez and other researchers have developed a new design method which shows promise in enabling the production of soft robots using a 3D printer.”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了马丁内斯和其他研究人员已经开发出一种新的设计方法，这种方法可以通过3D打印机生产软体机器人。C选项与本文主旨相符。故选C。
[词汇积累] 1．double adj.双倍的 v．加倍 2．private adj.私有的；私人的；私密的 3．keep an eye on密切关注；留意 4．assist v．帮助；援助→assistance n．帮助；援助→assistant n．助理；副手 adj.助理的；副的 5．promise n．迹象；承诺；保证 v．承诺；保证 [句式分析] 1．That comes with an increasing need for caregivers who can provide 24-hour care，not only at hospitals or nursing homes，but also at private homes. 分析：who引导定语从句，caregivers是先行词，who在从句中作主语。 翻译：随之而来的是，对能够提供24小时护理的护理人员的需求越来越大，不仅在医院或养老院，而且在私人家中。 2．It takes the computer a few seconds to change the computer-aided design model into a 3D soft machine that can be printed using any 3D printer. 分析：it takes...to do sth意为“做某事花费……”。that引导定语从句，先行词为machine，that在从句中作主语。 翻译：计算机只需几秒钟就能将计算机辅助的设计模型转换为可使用任何3D打印机打印的3D软体机器。
Ⅳ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·河北沧州高二上期末)
Justin Gavin,18，was on a walk to a local shop.Then he saw something that made his heart 1 .A small SUV 2 in flames(火焰) drove past him.
“I’m yelling(叫喊) to stop the car！Your car is on fire！Your car is on fire！” Gavin said.But the driver—a mother of three kids，couldn’t stop.That’s when，Gavin says，he didn’t have 3 to think and fell into action.He ran after the burning car to help the family 4 .“I just felt like if I were in that 5 ，I would want somebody to help me out，” Gavin said.“I guess my instincts(本能) 6 .”
When Gavin finally reached the 7 ，it had come to a stop.He 8 the car door and helped the mother out of the driver’s seat first.As the flames grew larger，he pulled the three children in the back seat to 9 .Moments later the car was swallowed by flames.
“It kind of got 10 because I didn’t know whether I was going to be able to get everyone out in time.And 11 ，I did，” Gavin said.
The mother 12 the teen with saving her family’s life.The police department honored Gavin as a 13 and awarded the teenager with a “challenge coin” to acknowledge his 14 act.
Gavin said the experience was inspiring and changed his 15 of life.“It made me realize life is short and valuable，” Gavin said.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Justin Gavin帮助一家人及时从着火的车里逃脱的故事。
1．A.sing B．freeze
C．sink D．hurt
答案　C
解析　sing唱(歌)；freeze结冰；sink(心情)变得沉重；hurt受伤。根据下文“A small SUV in flames(火焰) drove past him.”和“Your car is on fire！”可知，Justin Gavin看到一辆着火的车从他身边驶过，这让他心情沉重；短语make one’s heart sink“让某人心情沉重”符合语境。故选C。
2．A.covered B．built
C．packed D．hidden
答案　A
解析　cover覆盖；build建造；pack打包，包装；hide隐藏。根据下文“Your car is on fire！”可知，这辆车着火了。be covered in flames意为“被火焰包围”，符合语境。故选A。
3．A.plan B．time
C．money D．energy
答案　B
解析　plan计划；time时间；money钱；energy精力。根据上文“But the driver—a mother of three kids，couldn’t stop.”可知，车着火了但是没有停下来，形势紧急，Gavin没有时间去思考，便直接采取行动了。故选B。
4．A.escape B．rest
C．reflect D．participate
答案　A
解析　escape逃脱；rest休息；reflect反射，深思；participate参加。根据上文“But the driver—a mother of three kids，couldn’t stop.”可知，Gavin追赶这辆着火的车是为了帮助车里的一家人从车中逃出来。故选A。
5．A.interruption B．performance
C．situation D．presence
答案　C
解析　interruption打断；performance表演，表现；situation情况；presence出席，存在。根据下文“I would want somebody to help me out”可知，Gavin觉得如果自己处于同样的情况，也会希望有人帮助。故选C。
6．A.gave away B．took over
C．settled down D．dropped in
答案　B
解析　give away赠送；take over占上风，接管；settle down定居下来；drop in顺便访问。此处指面对紧急情况，Gavin没有考虑就前去救助，是本能占了上风。故选B。
7．A.vehicle B．bus
C．root D．peak
答案　A
解析　vehicle车辆；bus公共汽车；root根；peak巅峰，顶点。根据上文“A small SUV ________ in flames(火焰) drove past him.”以及“He ran after the burning car to help the family .”可知，设空处指着火的SUV。故选A。
8．A.fixed B．designed
C．decorated D．opened
答案　D
解析　fix修理；design设计；decorate装饰；open打开。根据下文“helped the mother out of the driver’s seat first”可知，Gavin把车门打开，帮助那位母亲先从驾驶座上下来。故选D。
9．A.safety B．destinations
C．strength D．conflicts
答案　A
解析　safety安全，安全处所；destination目的地；strength力气；conflict冲突。根据语境可知，Gavin应是把后座上的三个孩子也拉出来带到安全地带。故选A。
10．A.easy B．exciting
C．scary D．interesting
答案　C
解析　easy容易的；exciting令人兴奋的；scary可怕的；interesting有趣的。根据上文“As the flames grew larger”以及下文“I didn’t know whether I was going to be able to get everyone out in time”可知，火势越来越大，而Gavin不知道能否及时把所有人救出来，因此当时形势令人害怕。故选C。
11．A.gradually B．luckily
C．skillfully D．angrily
答案　B
解析　gradually逐渐地；luckily幸运地；skillfully熟练地；angrily 愤怒地。根据上文“I didn’t know whether I was going to be able to get everyone out in time”以及空后“I did”可知，Gavin最后成功帮所有人从着火的车里及时撤离，这是非常幸运的。故选B。
12．A.charged B．interpreted
C．credited D．bothered
答案　C
解析　charge充电，控告；interpret解释，口译；credit把……归功于；bother使(某人)烦恼。根据空后“the teen with saving her family’s life”可知，这位母亲认为是这名青少年救了她家人的命，credit sb with (doing) sth“认为(做)某事是某人的功劳；把(做)某事归功于某人”符合语境。故选C。
13．A.tutor B．hero
C．firefighter D．journalist
答案　B
解析　tutor私人教师，导师；hero英雄；firefighter消防员；journalist新闻工作者。根据上文讲述的Gavin不顾危险从着火的车里救出母子四人的故事可知，警察局表扬Gavin是一名英雄。故选B。
14．A.anxious B．curious
C．serious D．courageous
答案　D
解析　anxious焦虑的；curious好奇的；serious严重的；courageous勇敢的，有胆量的。根据上文讲述的Gavin不顾危险从着火的车里救出母子四人的故事可知，他的行为非常勇敢。故选D。
15．A.composition B．logic
C．flavor D．perspective
答案　D
解析　composition成分，创作；logic逻辑，道理；flavor味道，特点；perspective思维方式，看法。根据下文“It made me realize life is short and valuable”可知，这次经历改变了Gavin对生活的看法。故选D。

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