资源简介

(共70张PPT)
Period 2
Learning About Language
Art
Unit 1
内容索引
情境导读
语法精讲
作业2
达标检测
情境导读
阅读以下短文，感知加颜色的部分并完成练习
To be kind to tough situations is to be cruel to ourselves.When facing hardships，our chief task is to find out the root reason.Then what we should do is to make out how to deal with the problem.One way is to find someone to talk to so that we can solve the problem with ease.Another way is to turn to those we trust for help.Furthermore，the most effective way is to take immediate action.All in all，only if we try our best can we achieve our goal.
以上加颜色部分都是动词不定式作_____，表示______________________
_______。
表语
具体的事情或将要发生
的事情
返 回
语法精讲
动词不定式作表语
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，可以放在系动词之后作表语，通常说明或解释主语的内容，也可表示将来的动作。
一、动词不定式作表语的基本用法
1.常用在系动词后：动词不定式作表语，一般紧跟在系动词如be，seem，remain，appear等后面，用来说明主语的内容或表示将来的动作。
The words I tell you are to make sure that you know exactly what is required.
我告诉你的话是确保你确切地知道需要什么。
He seemed not to notice the man next to him.
他似乎没注意到他旁边的那个男人。
[点津]　动词不定式的被动式：在不定式中，如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者，不定式用被动式。如：
Besides，more entertaining English activities remain to be created and promoted.
此外，还有更多有趣的英语活动有待创建和推广。
2.说明或解释主语的内容：主语通常是wish，idea，task，purpose，goal，aim，ambition，duty，job，way等表示意向、打算、计划的词及what引导的主语从句等。
Our aim was to see if we could live，in some way，like real Parisians.
我们的目标是看看我们是否能在某种程度上像真正的巴黎人一样生活。
We can infer that the purpose of his project is to help students see their own strengths.
我们可以推断，他的项目旨在帮助学生看到自己的优势。
3.“疑问词＋to do”结构作表语
“疑问词＋to do”结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句。此结构中的不定式一般用主动形式。
How to prevent the spread of flu effectively is the biggest challenge.(主语)
如何有效阻止流感的传播是最大的挑战。
I don’t know what to do with the tough problem.(宾语)
＝ I have no idea what to do with the tough problem.(同位语)
我不知道如何处理这个棘手的问题。
My question is where to find the answer.(表语)
＝My question is where I can find the answer.
我的问题是在哪里可以找到答案。
[点津]　(1)当主语部分有what/all/everything等代词和实义动词do(表示“做”)的某种形式时，作表语的动词不定式可以不带to。
What he wanted to do was (to) cut down the price and increase the sales.
他想做的是降低价格，增加销量。
Everything I do every morning is (to) take plenty of exercise and then try my best to work.
我每天早上所做的一切就是充分锻炼身体，然后尽我最大的努力去工作。
(2)有些作表语的动词不定式在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。如：
The building is to let.
这幢楼要出租。
The driver of the truck was to blame for this traffic accident.
这起交通事故要由卡车司机负责。
(3)当句子的主语是不定式时，系动词后可接不定式作表语，用于解释主语所描述的行为或说明该行为带来的结果。
To go there on your own is to risk your life.
你一个人去那里是在冒生命危险。
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空
①The problem is when and where _______(hold) the important meeting.
②All she wanted was _________(leave) alone.
③Our school intends to form a ski club，whose aim is _______(help) keen skiers learn skiing.
④What counts most is _____________(participate) to the best of your ability in whatever you’re doing.
⑤Much work remains ___________(do)，so I don’t have time to keep you company.
⑥As is well-known to us all，to see is _________(believe).
to hold
to be left
to help
to participate
to be done
to believe
二、动词不定式与动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式作表语的区别
动词不定式作表语 强调的是一次性、具体的、将要发生的动作
动词-ing形式作表语 强调的是一般性、抽象的、经常发生的动作或事物的特征
动词-ed形式作表语 表示人的内心感受
The next step was to work out how the matter had happened.(强调具体的、即将发生的动作)
下一步是弄清楚事情是怎么发生的。
His job is teaching；that is，he makes a living by teaching.(强调一般性的、经常发生的动作)
他的工作是教书，也就是说，他以教书为生。
We are satisfied with our present job.(表示人的内心感受)
我们对现在的工作很满意。
(2023·新课标Ⅱ)For example，the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park.(强调事物的特征)
例如，沿着水边散步的体验对一个周末在公园徒步的年轻职员来说可能是令人满意的。
[即时训练2]　单句语法填空
①Despite the fact that the result is _____________(disappoint)，we don’t lose heart.
②I am more than _________(delight) to receive your letter.
③My hobby is __________(collect) stamps and what about you
④Some guests are coming to our home and my task is _____(set) the table.
disappointing
delighted
collecting
to set
返 回
达标检测
森林很可怕，它的影子像鬼魂一样扭曲。埃玛唯一的目标就是在日落前逃走。她筋疲力尽，跌跌撞撞地穿过灌木丛。远处的嚎叫变得越来越可怕。
The forest was 1.____________，its shadows twisting like ghosts.
Emma’s only goal was 2._______________________.She 3._____________
__________，stumbling through the bushes.The distant howls 4.________
______________________.
语段填空
terrifying
to escape before sunset
was extremely
exhausted
grew
increasingly threatening
突然，一束微弱的灯光出现了，那灯光在树林间忽隐忽现。她的心怦怦直跳，她意识到灯光来自一间小房子。门嘎吱一声开了，她如释重负。主人的脸看起来饱经风霜，但很和蔼。“你现在安全了。”他说。埃玛走了进去，瘫倒在椅子上，琢磨着如何向主人表示感谢。
Suddenly，a faint light appeared flickering between trees.Her heart pounding，she realized the light came from a small house.Relief washed over her when the door creaked open.The host’s face looked weathered but kind.“You’re safe now，” he said.Emma walked in and collapsed into a chair，wondering 5.__________________________________.
how to express gratitude to the host
返 回
作业2
1.我面临着许多有待解决的问题，压力很大。
I am faced with many problems which __________________ and I am under extreme pressure.
2.这次活动的目的是加强学生保护环境的意识。
The purpose of the activity is _____________________________________
_________________________.
3.父亲节要到了，他打算给他父亲买一份实用的礼物。
Father’s Day is coming，and what he intends to do is _________________
________________________.
remain to be settled
Ⅰ.完成句子
to strengthen the students’ awareness of
protecting the environment
(to) purchase a
practical gift for his father
4.这次讲座的主题是如何提高人际沟通能力。
The theme of the lecture is ______________ interpersonal communication skills.
5.作为一名交换生，我在美国面临的最大挑战是学习如何与当地人交流。
As an exchange student，the biggest challenge I face in America is _____
______________________________________.
6.我的工作是在一所高中教英语，我和我的学生相处得很好。
My job is _____________________________________ and I get on well with my students.
how to improve
to
learn how to communicate with the natives
teaching English at a senior high school
7.听到他被篮球俱乐部录取的消息，我感到很惊讶。
I ____________________________________ that he was accepted by the basketball club.
was surprised/amazed at the news
My aim in life is 1._________(protect) the environment for future generations.My wish is 2._____________(become) an environmental consultant after graduation.Many people think that pollution cannot 3.____________(stop) if we want the country 4.__________(develop).But that is not true.My proposal is 5.______(cut) back on dangerous and dirty waste from factories.Many times，factories which produce a large quantity of goods are 6.____________(blame) for much pollution in the environment.
Besides，what people should pay attention to is 7.___________(purchase) products which can be recycled.
Ⅱ.用括号中动词的正确形式填空
to protect
to become
be stopped
to cut
to blame
to purchase
to develop
We are 8.________(shock) to find that the number of people in the world keeps growing，and we 9._____________(produce) more rubbish and using more raw materials now.What if all the natural resources run out Evidently，everyone should play a part in building a community with a shared future for mankind and to protect the planet is 10.________
_______(protect) ourselves.
shocked
are producing
to
protect
A
Pablo Picasso，born in 1881 in Malaga，was an active artist for most of his long life.His father，an artist himself，was his first and most formative art teacher.Picasso had one of the most fruitful and creative careers in history.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了毕加索的艺术生涯，包括他的蓝色时期、玫瑰时期和受非洲艺术影响的阶段，以及立体主义的开创，展现了他如何从生活经历中获取灵感。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
Picasso went through many creative periods in his career.His “Blue Period” started in 1901，when one of his dear friends，a painter and poet named Carlos，passed away in a cafe in Paris.Picasso was deeply affected，and sank into a deep depression that lasted several years.
In 1904，Picasso moved to Montmartre in Paris，and settled into the community of artists and creators ing out of his depression，Picasso moved on from dark and serious subjects in his paintings to more lighthearted compositions featuring harlequins，clowns and carnival performers.His color palette(调色盘) warmed up as well，with his paintings now bathed in reds，oranges，pinks and earth tones.This period was known as Picasso’s “Rose Period” and it lasted until 1906.
From 1906 to 1909 Picasso was heavily inspired by African art，after he was exposed to traditional African masks(面具) and other art objects coming from Africa into French museums in Paris.This stage was called his “African Period”，and was a precursor(先驱) to his most famous period，“Cubism”.Influenced by Paul Cezanne’s experimentation with three-dimensional spacing and perspective on art，Picasso and Georges Braque led the artistic movement known as Cubism.This way of breaking down a form to its most basic forms and reconstructing them in an abstracted way is what Picasso is most known for.
Throughout his life，Picasso took inspiration from everywhere in his life，whether it be working through his emotions，responding to a difficult life event，or the works of his fellow artists.In turn，his life’s works have inspired and influenced millions of people around the world and forever changed the history of art.
1.Which event caused Picasso’s “Blue Period”？
A.His moving to Paris.
B.The death of his friend.
C.The influence of his father.
D.The infection of a serious disease.
√
细节理解题。 根据第二段的“His ‘Blue Period’ started in 1901，when one of his dear friends，a painter and poet named Carlos，passed away in a cafe in Paris.Picasso was deeply affected，and sank into a deep depression that lasted several years.”可知，毕加索的“蓝色时期”是由他朋友的去世引发的。故选B。
解析
2.What can we learn from the text
A.Picasso’s paintings were warm-colored before 1906.
B.Picasso went to Africa for new ideas in the 1900s.
C.Picasso was the pioneer in the use of 3D techniques.
D.Picasso’s painting style changed with his life experience.
√
推理判断题。 根据全文内容可推知，毕加索的绘画风格随着他的生活经历而变化。故选D。
解析
3.What’s the purpose of this text
A.To show the difficulties Picasso met with in his life.
B.To explore when Picasso’s paintings stood out.
C.To introduce how Picasso got inspired for his art.
D.To tell the way Picasso’s success has influenced the world.
√
写作意图题。文章从毕加索的生活背景开始，详细介绍了他不同创作时期的起源和特点，特别是“蓝色时期”“玫瑰时期”以及受到非洲艺术影响的阶段，最后总结毕加索如何从生活中汲取灵感及其对世界艺术的影响。因此，文章的目的是介绍毕加索如何为其艺术获得灵感。故选C。
解析
4.Where is the text probably taken from
A.A guidebook. B.A book review.
C.A news report. D.A biography.
文章出处题。根据第一段“Pablo Picasso，born in 1881 in Malaga，was an active artist for most of his long life.His father，an artist himself，was his first and most formative art teacher.Picasso had one of the most fruitful and creative careers in history.”以及全文可知，本文是对毕加索生平、艺术创作历程的详细介绍，因此可能出自一本人物传记。故选D。
解析
√
B(此篇精读)
Scientists are working on new technology that may aid art historians in answering the question：Masterpiece or masterful① imitation(仿制品)
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍帮助艺术史学家鉴定画作真伪的数字技术。
Art historians are often asked to authenticate(鉴定) art with their knowledge of the subject and science and technology.The materials used in the painting are often analyzed and X-rayed.Now，art historians may have another technological tool to help their process.Scientists have developed a new authentication technique that analyzes and sorts out paintings based on a digital analysis of the artist’s style.
The digital authentication technique takes scans of artwork that have already been authenticated as being from a master artist.From these scans，it creates a statistical② model of the artist’s work：a baseline.New paintings can be compared to the baseline to find consistencies③ and inconsistencies③ in an artist’s work.The images of the two paintings reveal what the human eye could not see.When the analysis recognizes this difference，the fakes are found out.In an experiment，the model automatically grouped together the eight authenticated works，separating them from five imitations.
However，some art historians held some different views on the new technique.“It’s an interesting idea.But I think a much larger sample of work has to be tested，” said Nadine Oberstein，head of an art museum in New York.If the technology turns out to be accurate，she added，it could be used to add to the expertise of scholars.
Most importantly，Hany Farid，a computer scientist behind the new technique，says，“Such a method could be used to determine whether more than one person or hand was involved in creating a painting.”Using his model，Farid studied the faces of six individual characters in the painting Madonna with Child.Three of the faces proved to be statistically similar，while the three other faces were all different.This indicates that at least four hands contributed to the painting.“If further studies prove convincingly④ that this computer program effectively distinguishes between different artistic hands，it will lead to a whole new era in the study of the workshop practice of artists，” said Farid.
5.Why are scientists developing the new technique
A.To create digital copies of famous paintings.
B.To improve the process of art authentication.
C.To make displays more interactive for visitors.
D.To replace art historians in authenticating works.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Now，art historians may have another technological tool to help their process.Scientists have developed a new authentication technique...the artist’s style.”可知，科学家们研发新技术来改进艺术品鉴定的过程。故选B。
解析
6.How does the digital authentication technique work
A.By analyzing materials.
B.By identifying style patterns.
C.By X-raying a baseline.
D.By comparing to a statistical model.
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The digital authentication technique takes...fakes are found out.”可知，数字鉴定技术通过扫描真迹来建立一个统计模型，即基准，然后将待鉴定的作品与基准进行比较来识别赝品。故选D。
解析
√
7.What is Nadine’s attitude towards the new technique
A.Enthusiastic. B.Indifferent.
C.Doubtful. D.Optimistic.
观点态度题。根据第四段中“It’s an interesting idea.But I think a much larger sample of work has to be tested”可推知，Nadine认为需要测试更多作品样本来验证新技术，因此她对新技术持怀疑态度。故选C。
解析
√
8.What can the new technique tell about a painting
A.The painter of the masterpiece.
B.The materials used in the painting.
C.The time period in which the painting was created.
D.The number of painters involved in creating the painting.
√
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Such a method could be used to determine whether more than one person or hand was involved in creating a painting.”可知，这种方法可以用来确定是否有不止一个人或一只手参与了一幅画的创作。因此，新技术可以确定参与创作的人数，故选D。
解析
①master n.大师 vt.精通；掌握→masterful adj. ___________
②statistical adj. 　 ___________
③consistency n. 　 _______
→inconsistency n. _________
④convincingly adv. 　 ___________
语境猜词
技艺精湛的
统计(学)的
一致性
不一致性
令人信服地
Scientists have developed a new authentication technique that analyzes and sorts out paintings based on a digital analysis of the artist’s style.
分析：此句为_____句。that引导_____从句，先行词为technique，that在从句中充当_____；based on...style为过去分词短语作_________。
翻译：_________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
句式分析
复合
定语
主语
后置定语
科学家们开发了一种新的鉴定技术，可以根据对艺术家风格的数字分析来分析和整理画作。
Street art is a very popular form of art that is spreading quickly all over the world.You can find it on buildings，sidewalks，street signs and trash cans.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了街头艺术作为一种流行的艺术形式正在迅速传播到世界各地，并且成为全球文化的一部分。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读
Even art museums and galleries are collecting the work of street artists. 1
A.There are various forms of street art.
B.Street art has become a global culture.
C.Street artists do their work for some reason.
D.Swoon didn’t start her career as a street artist.
E.It was considered as a very new popular form of culture.
F.Artists can show their pictures to people all over the world.
G.Young adults sprayed(喷洒) words and other images on walls and trains.
√
根据上文“Street art is a very popular form of art that is spreading quickly...are collecting the work of street artists.”可知，街头艺术在全球范围内迅速传播，甚至已经进入艺术馆，B项承接上文，指出街头艺术已成为一种全球性文化，符合语境，故选B。
解析
Art experts claim that the movement began in New York in the 1960s. 2 This colorful，energetic style of writing became known as graffiti(涂鸦).It showed that young people didn’t want to accept rules and traveled around cities to create paintings that everyone could see.
A.There are various forms of street art.
B.Street art has become a global culture.
C.Street artists do their work for some reason.
D.Swoon didn’t start her career as a street artist.
E.It was considered as a very new popular form of culture.
F.Artists can show their pictures to people all over the world.
G.Young adults sprayed(喷洒) words and other images on walls and trains.
√
根据上文“Art experts claim that the movement began in New York in the 1960s.”可知，G项承接上文，指出街头艺术运动是以年轻人在墙上和火车上的创作开始，且与下文的“It showed young people...”相呼应，故选G。
解析
One well-known New York street artist is Swoon.She cuts out paper images of people and puts them on walls or sets them up on sidewalks. 3 She enjoyed studying art，but as time went on，she got bored with the work she saw in museums and galleries.Swoon started to create strong and imaginative style，which attracted a lot of fans.
A.There are various forms of street art.
B.Street art has become a global culture.
C.Street artists do their work for some reason.
D.Swoon didn’t start her career as a street artist.
E.It was considered as a very new popular form of culture.
F.Artists can show their pictures to people all over the world.
G.Young adults sprayed(喷洒) words and other images on walls and trains.
√
上文介绍一位著名的街头艺术家Swoon，D项承接上文，继续介绍这位艺术家，下文“She enjoyed studying art...which attracted a lot of fans.”提到Swoon原本学习艺术，后期才开始创作街头艺术，与D项的描述匹配，故选D。
解析
4 Some of them dislike artists who make so much money in galleries and museums.They choose street art because it is closer to people.Some artists try to express their opinions in their work.They often want to protest against something.Advertising companies also use street art in their ads because it gives people the impression of youth and energy.
A.There are various forms of street art.
B.Street art has become a global culture.
C.Street artists do their work for some reason.
D.Swoon didn’t start her career as a street artist.
E.It was considered as a very new popular form of culture.
F.Artists can show their pictures to people all over the world.
G.Young adults sprayed(喷洒) words and other images on walls and trains.
√
根据下文“Some of them dislike artists...Some artists try to...companies also use street art...”可知，街头艺术家从事街头艺术工作是有着不同的原因的，C项能够概括本段内容，适合作主题句，故选C。
解析
In today’s world，the Internet has a big influence on street art. 5 Many city residents，however，say that seeing a picture on the Internet is never as good as seeing it live.The street art movement lives with the energy and life of a big city.There it will continue to change and grow.
A.There are various forms of street art.
B.Street art has become a global culture.
C.Street artists do their work for some reason.
D.Swoon didn’t start her career as a street artist.
E.It was considered as a very new popular form of culture.
F.Artists can show their pictures to people all over the world.
G.Young adults sprayed(喷洒) words and other images on walls and trains.
√
根据上文“In today’s world，the Internet has a big influence on street art.”可知，F项承接上文，说明了艺术家可以通过互联网向全世界的人展示他们的作品，下文说明城市居民对于在网上欣赏街头艺术照片有不同的看法，与F项在逻辑上构成了转折关系，故选F。
解析
Chinese seal(印) carving originated during the Shang Dynasty.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国印章雕刻的发展、意义以及其文化保护。
Ⅴ.语法填空
In the beginning，the characters 1. (carve) on seals were the same as those used in writing，such as Xiaozhuan of the Qin Dynasty.However，with Chinese writing becoming 2. (increasing) standardized and simplified，it became a tradition to use Xiaozhuan for seals.
carved
1.考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词were，故此处用非谓语动词，the characters与carve之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填carved。
2.考查副词。空处修饰空后的形容词，所以用副词修饰，increasing的副词形式是increasingly。故填increasingly。
解析
increasingly
In ancient times，seals were regarded 3. a guarantee of authenticity(真实性).Today，they are more of 4. sign of authority of a legal person than an artwork.
as
3.考查介词。固定短语be regarded as意为“被视为”。故填as。
4.考查冠词。sign为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且sign的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
解析
a
After the Qin Dynasty，materials for seals were strictly classified.Jade was only used for emperors，gold and silver for high-ranking officials and copper(铜) for the low ranks.Various 5._______(type) of stones were used from the Song Dynasty,6. led to a room for seal carving.
types
5.考查名词复数。根据空前的Various可知，空处应该用可数名词复数形式。故填types。
6.考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词为“Various...from the Song Dynasty”这件事，在从句中作主语。故填which。
解析
which
Earlier，seal carving was accomplished only by workers.During the Song Dynasty，scholars and artists began to get involved in it.They combined seal carving with calligraphy and painting,7.________(make) this traditional art more popular in China.The ultimate goal of seal carving is 8. (express) the artist’s inner world and artistic conception.
making
to express
7.考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词combined，所以make用非谓语形式，逻辑主语They与make之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填making。
8.考查非谓语动词。主语为goal，此处表示目的，所以应用不定式作表语。故填to express。
解析
To protect this artistic treasure and stimulate the public’s 9.___________(enthusiastic) for it，Chinese seal carving 10.____________
(include) on the UNESCO Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2009.
enthusiasm
was included
9.考查名词。public’s为名词所有格形式，后跟名词，enthusiastic的名词形式是enthusiasm，意为“热情”，是不可数名词，故填enthusiasm。
10.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据“in 2009”可知，时态为一般过去时，主语Chinese seal carving与include之间为被动关系，因此空格处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语“Chinese seal carving”是不可数名词，因此空处是was included。故填was included。
解析
返 回
本课结束Period 2　Learning About Language
阅读以下短文，感知加黑的部分并完成练习
To be kind to tough situations is to be cruel to ourselves.When facing hardships，our chief task is to find out the root reason.Then what we should do is to make out how to deal with the problem.One way is to find someone to talk to so that we can solve the problem with ease.Another way is to turn to those we trust for help.Furthermore，the most effective way is to take immediate action.All in all，only if we try our best can we achieve our goal.
以上黑体部分都是动词不定式作表语，表示具体的事情或将要发生的事情。
动词不定式作表语
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，可以放在系动词之后作表语，通常说明或解释主语的内容，也可表示将来的动作。
一、动词不定式作表语的基本用法
1．常用在系动词后：动词不定式作表语，一般紧跟在系动词如be，seem，remain，appear等后面，用来说明主语的内容或表示将来的动作。
The words I tell you are to make sure that you know exactly what is required.
我告诉你的话是确保你确切地知道需要什么。
He seemed not to notice the man next to him.
他似乎没注意到他旁边的那个男人。
[点津]　动词不定式的被动式：在不定式中，如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者，不定式用被动式。如：
Besides，more entertaining English activities remain to be created and promoted.
此外，还有更多有趣的英语活动有待创建和推广。
2．说明或解释主语的内容：主语通常是wish，idea，task，purpose，goal，aim，ambition，duty，job，way等表示意向、打算、计划的词及what引导的主语从句等。
Our aim was to see if we could live，in some way，like real Parisians.
我们的目标是看看我们是否能在某种程度上像真正的巴黎人一样生活。
We can infer that the purpose of his project is to help students see their own strengths.
我们可以推断，他的项目旨在帮助学生看到自己的优势。
3．“疑问词＋to do”结构作表语
“疑问词＋to do”结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句。此结构中的不定式一般用主动形式。
How to prevent the spread of flu effectively is the biggest challenge.(主语)
如何有效阻止流感的传播是最大的挑战。
I don’t know what to do with the tough problem.(宾语)
＝ I have no idea what to do with the tough problem.(同位语)
我不知道如何处理这个棘手的问题。
My question is where to find the answer.(表语)
＝My question is where I can find the answer.
我的问题是在哪里可以找到答案。
[点津]　(1)当主语部分有what/all/everything等代词和实义动词do(表示“做”)的某种形式时，作表语的动词不定式可以不带to。
What he wanted to do was (to) cut down the price and increase the sales.
他想做的是降低价格，增加销量。
Everything I do every morning is (to) take plenty of exercise and then try my best to work.
我每天早上所做的一切就是充分锻炼身体，然后尽我最大的努力去工作。
(2)有些作表语的动词不定式在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。如：
The building is to let.
这幢楼要出租。
The driver of the truck was to blame for this traffic accident.
这起交通事故要由卡车司机负责。
(3)当句子的主语是不定式时，系动词后可接不定式作表语，用于解释主语所描述的行为或说明该行为带来的结果。
To go there on your own is to risk your life.
你一个人去那里是在冒生命危险。
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空
①The problem is when and where to hold(hold) the important meeting.
②All she wanted was to be left(leave) alone.
③Our school intends to form a ski club，whose aim is to help(help) keen skiers learn skiing.
④What counts most is to participate(participate) to the best of your ability in whatever you’re doing.
⑤Much work remains to be done(do)，so I don’t have time to keep you company.
⑥As is well-known to us all，to see is to believe(believe)．
二、动词不定式与动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式作表语的区别
动词不定式作表语 强调的是一次性、具体的、将要发生的动作
动词-ing形式作表语 强调的是一般性、抽象的、经常发生的动作或事物的特征
动词-ed形式作表语 表示人的内心感受
The next step was to work out how the matter had happened.(强调具体的、即将发生的动作)
下一步是弄清楚事情是怎么发生的。
His job is teaching；that is，he makes a living by teaching.(强调一般性的、经常发生的动作)
他的工作是教书，也就是说，他以教书为生。
We are satisfied with our present job.(表示人的内心感受)
我们对现在的工作很满意。
(2023·新课标Ⅱ)For example，the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park.(强调事物的特征)
例如，沿着水边散步的体验对一个周末在公园徒步的年轻职员来说可能是令人满意的。
[即时训练2]　单句语法填空
①Despite the fact that the result is disappointing(disappoint)，we don’t lose heart.
②I am more than delighted(delight) to receive your letter.
③My hobby is collecting(collect) stamps and what about you
④Some guests are coming to our home and my task is to set(set) the table.
语段填空
森林很可怕，它的影子像鬼魂一样扭曲。埃玛唯一的目标就是在日落前逃走。她筋疲力尽，跌跌撞撞地穿过灌木丛。远处的嚎叫变得越来越可怕。突然，一束微弱的灯光出现了，那灯光在树林间忽隐忽现。她的心怦怦直跳，她意识到灯光来自一间小房子。门嘎吱一声开了，她如释重负。主人的脸看起来饱经风霜，但很和蔼。“你现在安全了。”他说。埃玛走了进去，瘫倒在椅子上，琢磨着如何向主人表示感谢。
The forest was 1.terrifying，its shadows twisting like ghosts.Emma’s only goal was 2.to escape before sunset.She 3.was extremely exhausted，stumbling through the bushes.The distant howls 4.grew increasingly threatening.Suddenly，a faint light appeared flickering between trees.Her heart pounding，she realized the light came from a small house.Relief washed over her when the door creaked open.The host’s face looked weathered but kind.“You’re safe now，” he said.Emma walked in and collapsed into a chair，wondering 5.how to express gratitude to the host.
作业2
[分值：83.5分]
Ⅰ.完成句子(共7小题；每小题3分，满分21分)
1．我面临着许多有待解决的问题，压力很大。
I am faced with many problems which remain to be settled and I am under extreme pressure.
2．这次活动的目的是加强学生保护环境的意识。
The purpose of the activity is to strengthen the students’ awareness of protecting the environment.
3．父亲节要到了，他打算给他父亲买一份实用的礼物。
Father’s Day is coming，and what he intends to do is (to) purchase a practical gift for his father.
4．这次讲座的主题是如何提高人际沟通能力。
The theme of the lecture is how to improve interpersonal communication skills.
5．作为一名交换生，我在美国面临的最大挑战是学习如何与当地人交流。
As an exchange student，the biggest challenge I face in America is to learn how to communicate with the natives.
6．我的工作是在一所高中教英语，我和我的学生相处得很好。
My job is teaching English at a senior high school and I get on well with my students.
7．听到他被篮球俱乐部录取的消息，我感到很惊讶。
I was surprised/amazed at the news that he was accepted by the basketball club.
Ⅱ.用括号中动词的正确形式填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
My aim in life is 1.to protect(protect) the environment for future generations.My wish is 2.to become(become) an environmental consultant after graduation.Many people think that pollution cannot 3.be stopped(stop) if we want the country 4.to develop(develop)．But that is not true.My proposal is 5.to cut(cut) back on dangerous and dirty waste from factories.Many times，factories which produce a large quantity of goods are 6.to blame(blame) for much pollution in the environment.Besides，what people should pay attention to is 7.to purchase(purchase) products which can be recycled.
We are 8.shocked(shock) to find that the number of people in the world keeps growing，and we 9.are producing(produce) more rubbish and using more raw materials now.What if all the natural resources run out Evidently，everyone should play a part in building a community with a shared future for mankind and to protect the planet is 10.to protect(protect) ourselves.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Pablo Picasso，born in 1881 in Malaga，was an active artist for most of his long life.His father，an artist himself，was his first and most formative art teacher.Picasso had one of the most fruitful and creative careers in history.
Picasso went through many creative periods in his career.His “Blue Period” started in 1901，when one of his dear friends，a painter and poet named Carlos，passed away in a cafe in Paris.Picasso was deeply affected，and sank into a deep depression that lasted several years.
In 1904，Picasso moved to Montmartre in Paris，and settled into the community of artists and creators ing out of his depression，Picasso moved on from dark and serious subjects in his paintings to more lighthearted compositions featuring harlequins，clowns and carnival performers.His color palette(调色盘) warmed up as well，with his paintings now bathed in reds，oranges，pinks and earth tones.This period was known as Picasso’s “Rose Period” and it lasted until 1906.
From 1906 to 1909 Picasso was heavily inspired by African art，after he was exposed to traditional African masks(面具) and other art objects coming from Africa into French museums in Paris.This stage was called his “African Period”，and was a precursor(先驱) to his most famous period，“Cubism”．Influenced by Paul Cezanne’s experimentation with three-dimensional spacing and perspective on art，Picasso and Georges Braque led the artistic movement known as Cubism.This way of breaking down a form to its most basic forms and reconstructing them in an abstracted way is what Picasso is most known for.
Throughout his life，Picasso took inspiration from everywhere in his life，whether it be working through his emotions，responding to a difficult life event，or the works of his fellow artists.In turn，his life’s works have inspired and influenced millions of people around the world and forever changed the history of art.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了毕加索的艺术生涯，包括他的蓝色时期、玫瑰时期和受非洲艺术影响的阶段，以及立体主义的开创，展现了他如何从生活经历中获取灵感。
1．Which event caused Picasso’s “Blue Period”？
A．His moving to Paris.
B．The death of his friend.
C．The influence of his father.
D．The infection of a serious disease.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。 根据第二段的“His ‘Blue Period’ started in 1901，when one of his dear friends，a painter and poet named Carlos，passed away in a cafe in Paris.Picasso was deeply affected，and sank into a deep depression that lasted several years.”可知，毕加索的“蓝色时期”是由他朋友的去世引发的。故选B。
2．What can we learn from the text
A．Picasso’s paintings were warm-colored before 1906.
B．Picasso went to Africa for new ideas in the 1900s.
C．Picasso was the pioneer in the use of 3D techniques.
D．Picasso’s painting style changed with his life experience.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。 根据全文内容可推知，毕加索的绘画风格随着他的生活经历而变化。故选D。
3．What’s the purpose of this text
A．To show the difficulties Picasso met with in his life.
B．To explore when Picasso’s paintings stood out.
C．To introduce how Picasso got inspired for his art.
D．To tell the way Picasso’s success has influenced the world.
答案　C
解析　写作意图题。文章从毕加索的生活背景开始，详细介绍了他不同创作时期的起源和特点，特别是“蓝色时期”“玫瑰时期”以及受到非洲艺术影响的阶段，最后总结毕加索如何从生活中汲取灵感及其对世界艺术的影响。因此，文章的目的是介绍毕加索如何为其艺术获得灵感。故选C。
4．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A guidebook. B．A book review.
C．A news report. D．A biography.
答案　D
解析　文章出处题。根据第一段“Pablo Picasso，born in 1881 in Malaga，was an active artist for most of his long life.His father，an artist himself，was his first and most formative art teacher.Picasso had one of the most fruitful and creative careers in history.”以及全文可知，本文是对毕加索生平、艺术创作历程的详细介绍，因此可能出自一本人物传记。故选D。
B(此篇精读)
Scientists are working on new technology that may aid art historians in answering the question：Masterpiece or masterful① imitation(仿制品)
Art historians are often asked to authenticate(鉴定) art with their knowledge of the subject and science and technology.The materials used in the painting are often analyzed and X-rayed.Now，art historians may have another technological tool to help their process.Scientists have developed a new authentication technique that analyzes and sorts out paintings based on a digital analysis of the artist’s style.
The digital authentication technique takes scans of artwork that have already been authenticated as being from a master artist.From these scans，it creates a statistical② model of the artist’s work：a baseline.New paintings can be compared to the baseline to find consistencies③ and inconsistencies③ in an artist’s work.The images of the two paintings reveal what the human eye could not see.When the analysis recognizes this difference，the fakes are found out.In an experiment，the model automatically grouped together the eight authenticated works，separating them from five imitations.
However，some art historians held some different views on the new technique.“It’s an interesting idea.But I think a much larger sample of work has to be tested，” said Nadine Oberstein，head of an art museum in New York.If the technology turns out to be accurate，she added，it could be used to add to the expertise of scholars.
Most importantly，Hany Farid，a computer scientist behind the new technique，says，“Such a method could be used to determine whether more than one person or hand was involved in creating a painting.”Using his model，Farid studied the faces of six individual characters in the painting Madonna with Child.Three of the faces proved to be statistically similar，while the three other faces were all different.This indicates that at least four hands contributed to the painting.“If further studies prove convincingly④ that this computer program effectively distinguishes between different artistic hands，it will lead to a whole new era in the study of the workshop practice of artists，” said Farid.
5．Why are scientists developing the new technique
A．To create digital copies of famous paintings.
B．To improve the process of art authentication.
C．To make displays more interactive for visitors.
D．To replace art historians in authenticating works.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Now，art historians may have another technological tool to help their process.Scientists have developed a new authentication technique...the artist’s style.”可知，科学家们研发新技术来改进艺术品鉴定的过程。故选B。
6．How does the digital authentication technique work
A．By analyzing materials.
B．By identifying style patterns.
C．By X-raying a baseline.
D．By comparing to a statistical model.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“The digital authentication technique takes...fakes are found out.”可知，数字鉴定技术通过扫描真迹来建立一个统计模型，即基准，然后将待鉴定的作品与基准进行比较来识别赝品。故选D。
7．What is Nadine’s attitude towards the new technique
A．Enthusiastic. B．Indifferent.
C．Doubtful. D．Optimistic.
答案　C
解析　观点态度题。根据第四段中“It’s an interesting idea.But I think a much larger sample of work has to be tested”可推知，Nadine认为需要测试更多作品样本来验证新技术，因此她对新技术持怀疑态度。故选C。
8．What can the new technique tell about a painting
A．The painter of the masterpiece.
B．The materials used in the painting.
C．The time period in which the painting was created.
D．The number of painters involved in creating the painting.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Such a method could be used to determine whether more than one person or hand was involved in creating a painting.”可知，这种方法可以用来确定是否有不止一个人或一只手参与了一幅画的创作。因此，新技术可以确定参与创作的人数，故选D。
[语境猜词]
①master n．大师 vt.精通；掌握→masterful adj.技艺精湛的
②statistical adj.统计(学)的
③consistency n．一致性→inconsistency n．不一致性
④convincingly adv.令人信服地
[句式分析]
Scientists have developed a new authentication technique that analyzes and sorts out paintings based on a digital analysis of the artist’s style.
分析：此句为复合句。that引导定语从句，先行词为technique，that在从句中充当主语；based on...style为过去分词短语作后置定语。
翻译：科学家们开发了一种新的鉴定技术，可以根据对艺术家风格的数字分析来分析和整理画作。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Street art is a very popular form of art that is spreading quickly all over the world.You can find it on buildings，sidewalks，street signs and trash cans.Even art museums and galleries are collecting the work of street artists. 1
Art experts claim that the movement began in New York in the 1960s. 2 This colorful，energetic style of writing became known as graffiti(涂鸦)．It showed that young people didn’t want to accept rules and traveled around cities to create paintings that everyone could see.
One well-known New York street artist is Swoon.She cuts out paper images of people and puts them on walls or sets them up on sidewalks. 3 She enjoyed studying art，but as time went on，she got bored with the work she saw in museums and galleries.Swoon started to create strong and imaginative style，which attracted a lot of fans.
4 Some of them dislike artists who make so much money in galleries and museums.They choose street art because it is closer to people.Some artists try to express their opinions in their work.They often want to protest against something.Advertising companies also use street art in their ads because it gives people the impression of youth and energy.
In today’s world，the Internet has a big influence on street art. 5 Many city residents，however，say that seeing a picture on the Internet is never as good as seeing it live.The street art movement lives with the energy and life of a big city.There it will continue to change and grow.
A．There are various forms of street art.
B．Street art has become a global culture.
C．Street artists do their work for some reason.
D．Swoon didn’t start her career as a street artist.
E．It was considered as a very new popular form of culture.
F．Artists can show their pictures to people all over the world.
G．Young adults sprayed(喷洒) words and other images on walls and trains.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了街头艺术作为一种流行的艺术形式正在迅速传播到世界各地，并且成为全球文化的一部分。
1．答案　B
解析　根据上文“Street art is a very popular form of art that is spreading quickly...are collecting the work of street artists.”可知，街头艺术在全球范围内迅速传播，甚至已经进入艺术馆，B项承接上文，指出街头艺术已成为一种全球性文化，符合语境，故选B。
2．答案　G
解析　根据上文“Art experts claim that the movement began in New York in the 1960s.”可知，G项承接上文，指出街头艺术运动是以年轻人在墙上和火车上的创作开始，且与下文的“It showed young people...”相呼应，故选G。
3．答案　D
解析　上文介绍一位著名的街头艺术家Swoon，D项承接上文，继续介绍这位艺术家，下文“She enjoyed studying art...which attracted a lot of fans.”提到Swoon原本学习艺术，后期才开始创作街头艺术，与D项的描述匹配，故选D。
4．答案　C
解析　根据下文“Some of them dislike artists...Some artists try to...companies also use street art...”可知，街头艺术家从事街头艺术工作是有着不同的原因的，C项能够概括本段内容，适合作主题句，故选C。
5．答案　F
解析　根据上文“In today’s world，the Internet has a big influence on street art.”可知，F项承接上文，说明了艺术家可以通过互联网向全世界的人展示他们的作品，下文说明城市居民对于在网上欣赏街头艺术照片有不同的看法，与F项在逻辑上构成了转折关系，故选F。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Chinese seal(印) carving originated during the Shang Dynasty.In the beginning，the characters 1. (carve) on seals were the same as those used in writing，such as Xiaozhuan of the Qin Dynasty.However，with Chinese writing becoming 2. (increasing) standardized and simplified，it became a tradition to use Xiaozhuan for seals.
In ancient times，seals were regarded 3. a guarantee of authenticity(真实性)．Today，they are more of 4. sign of authority of a legal person than an artwork.
After the Qin Dynasty，materials for seals were strictly classified.Jade was only used for emperors，gold and silver for high-ranking officials and copper(铜) for the low ranks.Various 5.____________(type) of stones were used from the Song Dynasty,6. led to a room for seal carving.
Earlier，seal carving was accomplished only by workers.During the Song Dynasty，scholars and artists began to get involved in it.They combined seal carving with calligraphy and painting,7._____________(make) this traditional art more popular in China.The ultimate goal of seal carving is 8. (express) the artist’s inner world and artistic conception.
To protect this artistic treasure and stimulate the public’s 9. (enthusiastic) for it，Chinese seal carving 10. (include) on the UNESCO Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2009.
1．答案　carved
解析　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词were，故此处用非谓语动词，the characters与carve之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填carved。
2．答案　increasingly
解析　考查副词。空处修饰空后的形容词，所以用副词修饰，increasing的副词形式是increasingly。故填increasingly。
3．答案　as
解析　考查介词。固定短语be regarded as意为“被视为”。故填as。
4．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。sign为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且sign的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
5．答案　types
解析　考查名词复数。根据空前的Various可知，空处应该用可数名词复数形式。故填types。
6．答案　which
解析　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词为“Various...from the Song Dynasty”这件事，在从句中作主语。故填which。
7．答案　making
解析　考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词combined，所以make用非谓语形式，逻辑主语They与make之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填making。
8．答案　to express
解析　考查非谓语动词。主语为goal，此处表示目的，所以应用不定式作表语。故填to express。
9．答案　enthusiasm
解析　考查名词。public’s为名词所有格形式，后跟名词，enthusiastic的名词形式是enthusiasm，意为“热情”，是不可数名词，故填enthusiasm。
10．答案　was included
解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据“in 2009”可知，时态为一般过去时，主语Chinese seal carving与include之间为被动关系，因此空格处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语“Chinese seal carving”是不可数名词，因此空处是was included。故填was included。

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