资源简介

(共93张PPT)
Period 1
Reading and Thinking
Healthy lifestyle
Unit 2
内容索引
Step 1　课文深度理解
Step 2　语言知识梳理
Step 3　基础达标检测
作业1
课文深度理解
1.What does the saying “We are what we repeatedly do.” in paragraph 2 mean
A.We should avoid repeating.
B.We can never change our habits.
C.A habit is easy to form and change.
D.We form a habit by doing it over and over again.
√
泛读速选
2.How does the author develop paragraph 4
A.By listing numbers.
B.By citing a quotation.
C.By offering examples.
D.By making a comparison.
√
3.What can we infer from the text
A.Changing bad habits is tough.
B.It is easy to change bad habits.
C.Bad habits can disappear in a short time.
D.One step is enough for changing bad habits.
√
4.What kind of attitude does the author hold to changing bad habits
A.Positive. B.Doubtful.
C.Negative. D.Frustrated.
√
5.What is the text mainly about
A.What a habit is.
B.What the “habit cycle” is.
C.Why bad habits should be changed.
D.How to change bad habits and create good ones.
√
HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
[1]As teenagers grow up1，they become more independent and start making their own decisions2.However，
精读细研
[1]本句是复合句。As引导时间状语从句；making their own decisions是动词-ing形式短语作动词start的宾语。
词块翻译：
1.___________
2._______
成熟；长大
做决定
during this period，[2]it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits3.
These bad habits，[3]if left unchecked，could lead to4 more serious ones when they become adults.For example，
[2]it是形式主语；for some of them to form bad habits是动词不定式复合结构，作真正的主语。
[3]if left unchecked是条件状语从句的省略，if后面省略了they are。
词块翻译：
3.___________
4._____
养成坏习惯
导致
some of them may become involved in5 tobacco or alcohol abuse，[4]which can lead to physical and mental health problems.[5]To prevent harmful habits like these from6 dominating a teenager’s life is essential.They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes7.
[4]which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的内容。
[5]To prevent...life是动词不定式短语作主语，本句相当于It is essential to prevent...life。
词块翻译：
5.__________
6._________
7._____________
参与……
阻止……
做出适当改变
[6]To change bad habits is never easy，even with many attempts.There is a famous saying [7]based on8 the philosophy of Aristotle：“We are [8]what we repeatedly do.” In many ways9，
[6]To change bad habits是动词不定式短语作主语。
[7]based on the philosophy of Aristotle是动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰saying。
[8]what引导表语从句，what在从句中作do的宾语。
词块翻译：
8._____________
9.___________
以……为基础
在许多方面
our lifestyle is the sum of choices [9]we have made.We make a choice10 [10]to do something，and then we repeat it over and over again11.
[9]we have made是定语从句，修饰先行词choices，先行词在从句中作宾语，省略了关系代词that或which。
[10]to do something是动词不定式短语作定语，修饰名词choice。
词块翻译：
10._________
11.___________________
做出选择
一再地；反复不断地
Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit[11]that is much harder to change.[12]The good news is that we can change，if we understand how habits work.
[11]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词habit，that在从句中作主语。
[12]本句是复合句。that引导表语从句；if引导条件状语从句；how引导宾语从句。
According to12 modern psychology，we must first learn about13 the “habit cycle”，[13]which works like this：
[13]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词habit cycle。
词块翻译：
12._____
13._____
根据
了解
·Firstly，[14]there is a “cue”，an action，event，or situation that acts as14 a signal to do something.
·Secondly，there is a “routine”，the regular action you take in response to15 the cue.
[14]本句是复合句。there is a “cue”是句子主干，an action...situation是cue的同位语，对cue的内容进行解释说明；that引导定语从句，修饰前面的同位语。
词块翻译：
14.___________
15.___________
充当，担当
·Thirdly，there is the “reward”，the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
回答；答复
For example，when we feel unhappy (cue)，we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine)，[15]which makes us feel happy (reward).[16]The reward makes us much more likely to16 continue the cycle，and the bad habit of relying on17 unhealthy snacks is formed.
[15]which引导非限制性定语从句；feel happy是省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
[16]本句是简单句。The reward是主语，makes是谓语，us是宾语，much more likely是宾语补足语，to continue the cycle是动词不定式短语作状语。
词块翻译：
16._____________
17._________________
很可能做某事
依赖；依靠；信赖
[17]To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits，we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. We can do this by combining the information from our habit cycles with18 our own positive ideas.
[17]本句是简单句。动词不定式短语To facilitate...habits作目的状语，must examine和(must) try是并列谓语，to adapt them是动词不定式短语作宾语。
词块翻译：
18._____________________
把……和……结合起来
For example，we could try to replace a negative routine with19 something more positive.So，when we feel unhappy again (cue)，rather than20 eat snacks，we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine)，[18]which will make us feel relaxed (reward).Aside from21 changing bad habits，we can also use the habit cycle [19]to create good habits.For example，
[18]which引导非限制性定语从句，feel relaxed是省略to的动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。
[19]to create good habits是动词不定式短语作目的状语。
词块翻译：
19._______________
20._______
21._____________
用……代替……
而不是
除……外(还)
when we come to an escalator (cue)，our normal routine is [20]to ride it，but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs22 instead.
[20]to ride it是动词不定式短语作表语。
词块翻译：
22._______
走楼梯
Many of us try to change bad habits quickly，and if we are not successful straight away23，we often become pessimistic and give up24.In fact，the most successful way [21]to change is not suddenly，but over a period of time.[22]As the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote，“A journey of a thousand miles begins with25 a single step.” One step seems small，
[21]to change是动词不定式作定语，修饰名词way。
[22]As...wrote是定语从句，先行词是后面的主句内容，As在从句中作动词wrote的宾语。
词块翻译：
23.___________
24._____
25.___________
立即；马上
放弃
以……开始
but it is essential.To reach the goal of change，a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps.After all26，[23] it is not easy to break bad habits27.
[23]本句是简单句。it是形式主语，to break bad habits是动词不定式短语作真正的主语。
词块翻译：
26.___________
27.___________
终究，毕竟
改掉坏习惯
For young people，there is plenty of time [24]to change bad habits.However，there is no “magic pill” or delete button28 [25]that will help you；you have to think about your bad habits and decide on29 some changes.You have the power to30 build a happy and healthy life full of good habits!
[24]to change bad habits是动词不定式短语作定语，修饰名词time。
[25]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词“magic pill” or delete button。
词块翻译：
28._______
29.___________
30._____________
删除键
决定；选定
有能力做某事
析篇章结构
Why
返 回
What
how
to change
gradually
No easy way
语言知识梳理
回答；答复；对……作出反应(response n.回答；答复；反应 respond vi.回答；答复；作出反应)
[教材原句P14] Secondly，there is a “routine”，the regular action you take in response to the cue.
第二是“惯常行为”，即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。
[北师大版] However，Navarro refused，and his response was：“Offering me the prize was worth more than what I did for him.”
然而，纳瓦罗拒绝了，他的回复是：“将这个奖给我(这一举动)远远超过了我为他所做的。”
1
in response to
respond to回答；答复；对……作出反应
respond that回答说……
(1)I do believe that we students will definitely respond ____ the appeal and use shared bikes straight away.
to
(2)(话题写作之传统文化)为回应你的请求，我写信简要介绍一下京剧。
I’m writing to have a brief introduction to Beijing Opera ______
_____________________________________________.
(3)(2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)脸上洋溢着自信的微笑，出租车司机回答说他能准时赶到汽车站。
With a confident smile spreading over his face，the taxi driver ___________________________________________________.
in response to your request/to respond to your request
写作佳句
responded that he could make it to the bus station on time
n.回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬(rewarding adj.有益的；值得做的)
2
reward
[教材原句P14] Thirdly，there is the “reward”，the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
第三是“回报”，即我们从惯常行为中获得的美好事物或感受。
[译林版] This may seem difficult at first，but when you finally make your great discovery，your efforts will be rewarded.这一开始会有点难，但当你终于有了伟大发现，你的努力将会得到回报。
·give/offer a reward to sb for (doing) sth因(做)某事而给某人报酬
in reward (for)作为(对……的)回报/奖赏
·reward sb with sth for(doing) sth因(做)某事用某物奖赏/酬谢某人
(1)I will reward you ______ free entry to the photography exhibition ____ your generosity and selflessness.
(2)The old Silk Road is worthy of a visit，which will be an interesting and __________(reward) experience.
with
for
rewarding
(3)(应用文写作之邀请信)我想邀请你去科学博物馆，以报答我在北京期间你及时而慷慨的帮助。
I would like to invite you to the science museum _____________
___________________________ during my stay in Beijing.
in reward for your timely and generous help
写作佳句
依赖；依靠；信赖(reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的unreliable adj.不可靠的；靠不住的 reliability n.可靠性)
3
rely on/upon
[教材原句P15] The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle，and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食这一不良习惯。
[外研版] Awareness of just how much we rely on social media can help us step away from it and communicate with each other better.
我们意识到自己对社交媒体的依赖程度能够帮助我们摆脱它的束缚，更好地互相沟通。
rely on/upon (sb/sb’s) doing sth 指望(某人)做某事
rely on/upon sb to do sth依靠/指望某人做某事
rely on/upon it that...指望……
(1)What worries us is that some young people rely on ________(abuse) alcohol to relieve their inner pressure.
(2)Not only is our monitor ________(rely) but he is also hard-working and I guarantee that he will be the most suitable teaching assistant.
abusing
reliable
(3)(应用文写作之邀请信)我们指望您能为我们提供一些关于如何提高我们的英语口语的科学建议，所以请接受我们诚挚的邀请。
We ___________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________on how to improve our spoken English，so please accept our sincere invitation.
rely on you to offer us some scientific suggestions/rely on it that you can offer us some scientific suggestions/rely on you/
your offering us some scientific suggestions
写作佳句
决定；选定(decision n.决定decisive
adj.果断的，决断的；决定性的)
4
decide on/upon
[教材原句P15] However，there is no “magic pill” or delete button that will help you；you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.
然而，能帮助你的“魔力丸”或删除键并不存在；你必须思考自己的不良习惯，选定一些作出改变。
·decide to do sth决定做某事
·make a decision作出决定
arrive at/come to/reach a decision作出决定
(1)Being a _________ and determined man，the humble sculptor has no difficulty making a _________ when facing some life choices.(decide)
decisive
decision
(2)(应用文写作之活动安排)考虑到高中生们承受着极大的精神压力，学生会决定去爬附近的一座山来振奋精神。
Considering senior high school students are suffering from extreme mental pressure，the Students’ Association ________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________ to lift their spirits.
写作佳句
has decided/has made a decision/has arrived at a decision to climb a nearby hill/has decided on climbing a nearby hill
[教材原句P14] These bad habits，if left unchecked，could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.这些坏习惯，如果放任不管，长大后可能会导致更严重的后果。
5
状语从句的省略
状语从句的省略用法如下：
·当主句的主语和从句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词的某种形式，这
时可以将从句的主语和be动词一起省略；
·当从句的主语是it，且从句中含有be动词的某种形式，这时也可以将
从句的主语it和be动词一起省略。
(1)(话题写作之人物介绍)当面对困难时，他总是坚守岗位、努力工作来克服困难。
__________________________________，he always sticks to his post and works hard to overcome them.
(2)(话题写作之语言学习)当学习英语的时候，我们最好读一些有趣的英语新闻，这能极大地开阔我们的视野。
___________________________，we’d better read some interesting English news，which can greatly broaden our horizons.
When faced with/facing the difficulties
When/While learning English
(3)如果得不到治疗，这种病会变得更加严重，甚至威胁性命。
_______________，the disease will become worse，and even threaten his life.
If left untreated
[教材原句P14] There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle：“We are what we repeatedly do.”有句基于亚里士多德哲学的名言：“我们反复做的事情造就了我们。”
6
过去分词短语作定语
·过去分词(短语)作定语，与被修饰词之间为被动关系，表动作已经完
成或表状态。
·单个的过去分词作定语常置于其所修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语作
定语一般置于其所修饰的名词之后。
(1)(读后续写之动作描写)我一脸担心，在森林里小跑着，寻找灰心丧气的大卫。
With _________________________________，I trotted in the forest，searching for __________________.
a concerned/worried look on my face
discouraged David
(2)(应用文写作之申请信)我是为数不多的高中时被选中出国留学的学生之一，所以我非常确信我能胜任你们网站上刊登的工作。
I am one of the few students ________________________ at senior high school，so I am greatly convinced that I am equal to the job advertised on your website.
(3)(应用文写作之推荐信)我建议你读一下《青年报》，里面有外国朋友写的关于他们文化的英文文章。
I recommend you to read the newspaper Youth，which contains English articles ________________________ about their culture.
selected to study abroad
返 回
written by foreign friends
基础达标检测
1.Mary has a difficult life and is physically and emotionally abused by her stepmother. 　　 _______
2.The percentage of false negatives generated by the cancer test is of great concern. 　　 ___________
vt.虐待
Ⅰ.品句猜词
n.阴性结果
1.The new airport has __________(促进) the further expansion of the city’s tourism.
2.I was capable of ___________ the whole event that emerged accidentally.
3.I decided on ________(删除) fifty words from my original report.
4.Once my parents find my bad behaviour，I will be ___________(管教) straight away.
5.He coughed repeatedly，and as a consequence，he had no alternative but to get __________ at the hospital.
facilitated
dominating
deleting
disciplined
Ⅱ.单词拼写
examined
1.You can rely on him ________(offer) you some advice on how to get rid of alcohol.
2.Jack has often been criticised because he is extremely pessimistic _____ his life.
3.I guarantee that you can keep _________(physical) healthy by taking regular exercise.
4.The humble contemporary writer made a _________(decide) to create a novel based on his own experience.
to offer
about
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
decision
physically
5.I sincerely hope that the famous sculptor can respond ____ my letter as soon as possible.
6.I am writing to invite you to appreciate the _________(reward) Chinese painting exhibition to be held in the lecture hall next weekend.
7.Though ______(stick) in difficulties，the specialist in psychology still insisted on his original dream.
8.Learning that the surgery __________(perform) on the influential expert went quite well，we sighed in relief.
to
rewarding
stuck
performed
As teenagers grow up，they become more independent and start making their own decisions.However，during this period，it can be easy 1.___ some of them to form bad habits.These bad habits，if 2.____ (leave) unchecked，could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.To change bad habits is never easy，even with many 3.__________(attempt).
The good news is that we can change our bad habits if we understand 4.____ habits work.
left
for
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
attempts
how
To facilitate 5.____ positive change in our bad habits，we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.We can do this by 6.__________(combine) the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas.We can also use the habit cycle 7._________(create) good habits.Many of us try to change bad habits quickly，and if we are not successful straight away，we often become pessimistic and give up.In fact，the most successful way to change is not suddenly,8.____ over a period of time.To reach the goal of change，a person must 9.___________ (repeated) take many small steps.
a
combining
to create
but
repeatedly
Young people have the power to build a happy and 10.______(health) life full of good habits!
healthy
返 回
作业1
1.The sculptor’s son looked forward to ___________(长大) and he was eager for knowledge and experience.
2.The exhibition __________(以……开始) a painting by Tang Yin and appealed to numerous visitors.
3.Our monitor _________(担当) the only representative of our school to attend the meeting held in the city museum last weekend.
4.After _____________(了解) the current situation，I declined their offer without hesitation.
growing up
began with
acted as
Ⅰ.短语填空
learning about
5.He ___________________(阻止) taking up ink wash animation，which made him upset and disappointed.
6.He eventually made up his mind __________(放弃) the original plan and restarted thinking about what to do next.
was prevented from
to give up
1.重要的是，我们应该有一个均衡的饮食，因为我们需要足够的营养来长得又高又壮。(过去分词作前置定语；不定式短语作目的状语)
It’s important that we should ____________________ because we need adequate nutrition _____________________.
2.如果经常锻炼，我们一定能保持健康，释放沉重的压力。(状语从句的省略)
If ______________________，we can definitely keep fit and release heavy pressure.
have a balanced diet
to grow tall and strong
taking exercise regularly
Ⅱ.主题微写作——健康的生活方式
3.即使我们处于极端的压力之下，对我们来说，培养积极的生活态度而不是对生活悲观是至关重要的。(it作形式主语)
Even if we are under extreme stress，______________________________
________________________ instead of being pessimistic about our life.
4.总而言之，适当的饮食、经常锻炼和乐观的态度是我们迫切需要的，只有这样我们才能拥有健康的生活。(what引导表语从句；reward)
All in all，a proper diet，regular exercise and an optimistic attitude are __________________ and only in this way _______________________ a healthy life.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
it is crucial for us to develop a
positive attitude to our life
what we badly need
can we be rewarded with
A
As most Americans spend at least 50% of their food budget dining out，public criticism falls on restaurants to help consumers make healthier food choices.The Menu Labeling Final Rule has come into effect，requiring restaurants with more than 20 locations to show the calories of food on menus.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究——菜单上标记热量多少的字号大小是如何影响顾客对食物的选择的。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
By representing these values in a discrepant way—using physically larger numbers on the page for lower-calorie options，and smaller numbers for high-calorie foods—businesses can shift customers’ preferences toward healthier food，according to Ruiying Cai from the Washington State University.
In their study，Cai and her colleagues asked participants to choose between a less healthy item and a healthier option after randomly assigning them to two groups.In the first group，calorie counts and font sizes rose and fell together.In the second group，the size became larger as the calorie count fell.Researchers also asked participants questions to assess their health-consciousness.
Results showed participants in the second group，who saw low calorie counts printed in large sizes，were more likely to adopt the healthier option.Moreover，less health-conscious participants were the most affected，while people with more health awareness were less influenced since they already favored healthier food.
This research adjusted customer behaviors by creating a Stroop effect.Named after psychologist J.Ridley Stroop，the Stroop effect refers to a delay in reaction to mismatch in its classic form.For example，if the word “purple” is written in green，it takes respondents longer time to identify the color than if the word and the color match.Similarly，the effect is observed when the physical size of the number does not match its number in this study.
“Restaurants are interested in encouraging customers to make healthier choices，” Cai said.However，simply labeling the food as healthy may not have the intended effect.“Healthy food items could be profitable for restaurants，but whenever a ‘healthy’ label is attached，people may assume it does not taste good，” she explained.“We’re trying to provide restaurants with indirect suggestions，rather than saying it out loud.”
1.What does the underlined word “discrepant” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Creative. B.Relative.
C.Conflicting. D.Misleading.
√
词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“using physically larger numbers on the page for lower-calorie options，and smaller numbers for high-calorie foods”可知，discrepant way是指用大数字表示低卡路里，小数字表示高卡路里，这是一种相冲突的方式，故推知discrepant应表示“矛盾的，冲突的”，与conflicting同义。故选C。
解析
2.Which of the following types of customers would be affected most from the research
A.Strict diet followers.
B.Convenience food fans.
C.Homemade meal lovers.
D.Health magazine readers.
√
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Moreover，less health-conscious participants were the most affected”可知，健康意识较弱的人受影响最大，而健康意识较弱的人通常是方便食物的爱好者。故选B。
解析
3.What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A.The significance of research results.
B.The measurement of response delays.
C.The psychological basis of the study design.
D.The influential variations of the Stroop effect.
√
段落大意题。根据第五段可知，本段主要介绍了该研究通过创造“斯特鲁普效应”来调整顾客的行为并解释了“斯特鲁普效应”，即“斯特鲁普效应”是设计该研究的心理学基础。故选C。
解析
4.Which of the following might be Cai’s suggestion for restaurants
A.Use font magic to drive healthier choices.
B.Pay more attention to the taste of the food.
C.Create a quiet dining atmosphere for customers.
D.Attach “healthy” labels to the food on the menu.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，蔡瑞颖认为给食物贴上“健康”的标签反而会让人们觉得食物不好吃，并不能鼓励顾客去选择它，餐馆应该寻求间接的方法。而她的研究为商家提供了一种改变顾客对健康食物的选择的方法，即利用字体的魔力来推动顾客做出更健康的食物选择。故选A。
解析
B(此篇精读)
When margarine(人造黄油) was first sold in the 1800s，plentiful alarmist① words were uttered about it.However，it was simply a cream of vegetable oil and water，a processed，more sustainable and healthier alternative to an animal product.Anxiety about new foods and how they are produced continues today.Public discussions are full of concerns that “ultra-processed② foods” or “UPFs” are downright③ unhealthy.One particular category in a fierce spotlight④ is plant-based meats.But how and where food is made doesn’t determine how safe or nutritious it is.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕“超加工食品”中的“植物性肉类”进行了介绍和说明，旨在纠正公众对“植物性肉类”的不准确认识，强调植物基食品的健康和环保价值。
The term UPFs was first used in 2009 by Carlos Monteiro，a nutritionist.In a 2017 paper，he said he was worried that the shared experience of cooking was being increasingly lost and people weren’t eating together.In particular，he was seeing rising rates of diabetes and obesity.Keen to identify the root cause of these issues，he focused on food not made at home，but in factories.But the thing is，as Monteiro has stated openly，the UPF categorisation was never designed to group foods on the basis of nutrition.
Just like pork sausages and chicken popcorn，plant-based alternatives are made in factories，so are considered UPFs.But unlike those animal products，they don’t require antibiotics(抗生素) or hormones during production，but require up to 96 percent less land，have carbon emissions up to 98 percent lower，need up to 99 percent less water and result in 100 percent fewer animals dying.
And side by side⑤，they are almost always healthier than the over-processed animal meat products they replace，especially on fat and fibre content.Just compare the labels on the packets next time you are in the supermarket.
Many loud voices are raising concerns，suggesting that all UPFs，especially plant-based meats，are “unnatural”，“fake” and “full of chemicals”.We are seeing history repeat itself，and a fear of new foods being aroused all over again.But the science is unmistakably clear：diets rich in plant-based options are better for both people and the planet，factory or no factory.
5.Why does the author mention margarine in paragraph 1
A.To stress the sales dilemma margarine faced before.
B.To illustrate people’s misunderstanding about margarine.
C.To show the ignored benefits of margarine to people’s health.
D.To emphasize people’s longstanding worry about novel foods.
√
推理判断题。根据第一段中“When margarine(人造黄油) was first sold...and how they are produced continues today.”可知，作者提到人造黄油(margarine)在19世纪首次上市时引起了广泛的担忧，但后来被证明是更健康、更可持续的替代品。如今，人们对于新出现的食物以及它们的加工方式的担忧仍在继续。由此可推知，作者提到人造黄油是为了强调人们对于新食物的长期担忧。故选D。
解析
6.Why did Monteiro create the UPF categorisation
A.To classify the food made at home.
B.To encourage people to cook and eat together.
C.To discover the cause of some rising health problems.
D.To determine the nutrition level of factory-produced food.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The term UPFs...but in factories.”可知，Monteiro创建UPF分类的原因是他看到糖尿病和肥胖率的上升，渴望找出这些问题的根源。故选C。
解析
7.What do the numbers in paragraph 3 imply
A.Plant-based meats are more eco-friendly.
B.Plant-based meats shouldn’t be considered as UPFs.
C.Plant-based meats will replace UPF animal meat products.
D.Plant-based meats are healthier than sausages and popcorn.
√
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，植物性肉类在其生产过程中不需要抗生素或激素，所需土地最多减少了96%，碳排放最多降低了98%，所需水资源最多减少了99%，而且没有动物死亡。由此推知，这些数据表明植物性肉类更加环保。故选A。
解析
8.What does the author think of the concern over plant-based meats
A.Unnecessary. B.Temporary.
C.Reasonable. D.Alarming.
√
观点态度题。根据第四段中“And side by side，...and fibre content.”以及最后一段中“But the science is unmistakably clear...or no factory.”可知，作者认为与过度加工的动物肉制品相比，植物性肉类实际上是更健康的选择，富含植物性肉类的饮食对人、对地球更好。由此推知，作者认为对植物性肉类的担忧是不必要的。故选A。
解析
①alarmist adj.___________
②ultra-processed(派)＝ultra＋processed adj.___________
③downright adj.___________________
④spotlight n.聚光灯；反光灯；_________________(本文为此义)
⑤side by side_________
语境猜词
危言耸听的
过度加工的
彻头彻尾的；十足的
媒体和公众的注意
另一方面
Public discussions are full of concerns that “ultra-processed foods” or “UPFs” are downright unhealthy.
分析：此句为复合句。that引导_______从句，跟concerns构成_____关系。
翻译：_________________________________________________________
句式分析
同位语
同位
公众讨论中充满了对超加工食品完全不健康的担忧。
I’ve loved to sew all my life.I started sewing clothes for my dolls at 7.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者喜欢缝纫，将二手衣物改造成时尚服装，并在改造过程中发现了一些隐藏物品，这些发现让作者更加享受缝纫的过程。
Ⅳ.完形填空
In my 20s，I began to refashion used clothes I bought at second-hand shops.Since then I have 1 hundreds of second-hand clothes into stylish outfits.
1.A.combined B.integrated
C.transformed D.transported
√
combine结合；integrate融合；transform转变；transport运输。根据上文可知，作者喜欢改造二手衣服，因此此处是指作者把很多二手衣服改造成了时尚的服装，即衣服的形状、外观等发生了变化。故选C。
解析
However，about 10 years ago，when ripping out(拆除) the silk lining from a blue evening dress，I 2 .There was a hidden pocket I failed to notice.I 3 a small photo of a young woman wearing the same blue evening dress.She 4 a soft smile and looked to be in her early 20s.
2.A.paused B.proceeded
C.posed D.denied
3.A.put out B.ruled out
C.gave out D.pulled out
4.A.managed B.wore
C.forced D.flashed
√
√
√
2.pause暂停；proceed继续进行；pose摆姿势；deny否认。根据下文“There was a hidden pocket I failed to notice.”可知，作者在拆除晚礼服的衬里时发现了隐藏的口袋，因此她停了下来。故选A。
3.put out扑灭；rule out 排除；give out 发出；pull out拉出，抽出。根据空后“a small photo of a young woman wearing the same blue evening dress”可知，作者是从晚礼服的口袋里掏出了一张照片。故选D。
4.manage管理；wear露出，面带；force强迫；flash闪现。根据空后“a soft smile”可知，照片上的女子面带温柔的微笑。wear a smile 表示“面带微笑”，符合语境。故选B。
解析
This evening dress had 5 .It was speaking to me.But I was now tearing it apart.I felt 6 .
5.A.fame B.culture
C.history D.civilization
6.A.dizzy B.guilty
C.greedy D.angry
√
√
5.fame名声；culture文化；history历史；civilization文明。根据上文可知，拆除的晚礼服里藏有旧照片，暗示着它有自己的故事或历史。故选C。
6.dizzy眩晕的；guilty内疚的；greedy贪婪的；angry生气的。根据上文“But I was now tearing it apart.”可知，作者意识到自己正在拆掉一件有故事的衣物，可能会感到内疚。故选B。
解析
I mentioned my 7 to my daughter.She said，“Mom，you should be 8 of your sewing creations.You’re keeping clothes out of landfills and you’re creating new fashions from old.Consider it a 9 if you find objects in the pockets.The clothes are talking to you！”
7.A.concerns B.interests
C.attempts D.ambitions
8.A.fond B.ashamed
C.proud D.aware
9.A.core B.price
C.basis D.reward
√
√
√
7.concern关心，忧虑；interest兴趣；attempt尝试；ambition野心。根据上文可知，作者对于拆毁晚礼服感到内疚，此处向女儿表达的应是这种心理上的“忧虑”。故选A。
8.fond喜欢的；ashamed羞愧的；proud自豪的；aware意识到的。根据下文女儿说的话“You’re keeping clothes out of landfills and you’re creating new fashions from old.”可知，作者向女儿表达忧虑后，女儿在安慰作者，让她为自己的创作感到骄傲。故选C。
9.core核心；price代价；basis基础；reward奖励。根据下文“interesting details in the pockets”以及语境可知，女儿认为作者在做有意义的事，如果作者在口袋里发现东西，就应该把它当作一种奖励，这是衣服在与作者对话。故选D。
解析
I agreed with her.The clothes were indeed talking to me， 10 interesting details in the pockets.Of course，most of the clothes I refashion don’t have 11 within.However，over the years，some curious objects have amused me or made me 12 .
10.A.requiring B.recording
C.restricting D.revealing
11.A.surprises B.signals
C.supplies D.samples
12.A.abandon B.suffer
C.reflect D.erupt
√
√
√
10.require需要；record记录；restrict限制；reveal揭露，透露。根据上文“talking to me”以及下文“interesting details”可知，作者感到衣服在和她说话，展示口袋里有趣的细节。故选D。
11.surprise惊喜；signal信号；supply供应品；sample样本。根据下文“However，over the years，some...have amused me”可知，此处与下文构成转折，指作者在改造衣物时并不总是能在口袋里发现东西，即大多数衣服里没有“惊喜”。故选A。
12.abandon抛弃；suffer遭受；reflect认真思考；erupt喷发。根据下文“And I have learned to be...”可推知，作者在衣服里面发现的这些意外的“惊喜”会让作者开心或陷入深思。故选C。
解析
All these sewing discoveries have made me 13 refashioning clothes even more.And I have learned to be 14 when ripping linings open.
13.A.quit B.enjoy
C.bear D.oppose
14.A.braver B.gentler
C.ruder D.merrier
√
√
13.quit 放弃；enjoy 享受；bear 忍受；oppose 反对。根据上文可知，这些意外的发现增加了作者的乐趣，因此是更加享受这一过程。故选B。
14.brave勇敢的；gentle温柔的；rude粗鲁的；merry愉快的。根据上文可知，鉴于之前拆毁衣服的内疚感，作者在处理衣物时变得更加小心和温柔。故选B。
解析
I decide to display these discoveries in my sewing room with 15 .I feel like they are quietly speaking to me.
15.A.respect B.sympathy
C.curiosity D.envy
√
respect 敬意；sympathy 同情；curiosity 好奇心；envy 嫉妒。根据上下文可知，作者对这些衣物及其背后的故事持尊重态度，因此决定带着敬意在缝纫室展示这些发现。故选A。
解析
返 回
本课结束Period 1　Reading and Thinking
1．What does the saying “We are what we repeatedly do.” in paragraph 2 mean
A．We should avoid repeating.
B．We can never change our habits.
C．A habit is easy to form and change.
D．We form a habit by doing it over and over again.
答案　D
2．How does the author develop paragraph 4
A．By listing numbers.
B．By citing a quotation.
C．By offering examples.
D．By making a comparison.
答案　C
3．What can we infer from the text
A．Changing bad habits is tough.
B．It is easy to change bad habits.
C．Bad habits can disappear in a short time.
D．One step is enough for changing bad habits.
答案　A
4．What kind of attitude does the author hold to changing bad habits
A．Positive. B．Doubtful.
C．Negative. D．Frustrated.
答案　A
5．What is the text mainly about
A．What a habit is.
B．What the “habit cycle” is.
C．Why bad habits should be changed.
D．How to change bad habits and create good ones.
答案　D
HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
[1]As teenagers grow up1，they become more independent and start making their own decisions2.However，during this period，[2]it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits3.These bad habits，[3]if left unchecked，could lead to4 more serious ones when they become adults.For example，some of them may become involved in5 tobacco or alcohol abuse，[4]which can lead to physical and mental health problems.[5]To prevent harmful habits like these from6 dominating a teenager’s life is essential.They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes7.
[1]本句是复合句。As引导时间状语从句；making their own decisions是动词-ing形式短语作动词start的宾语。
[2]it是形式主语；for some of them to form bad habits是动词不定式复合结构，作真正的主语。
[3]if left unchecked是条件状语从句的省略，if后面省略了they are。
[4]which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的内容。
[5]To prevent...life是动词不定式短语作主语，本句相当于It is essential to prevent...life。
词块翻译：
1．成熟；长大
2．做决定
3．养成坏习惯
4．导致
5．参与……
6．阻止……
7．做出适当改变
[6]To change bad habits is never easy，even with many attempts.There is a famous saying [7]based on8 the philosophy of Aristotle：“We are [8]what we repeatedly do.” In many ways9，our lifestyle is the sum of choices [9]we have made.We make a choice10 [10]to do something，and then we repeat it over and over again11.Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit[11]that is much harder to change.[12]The good news is that we can change，if we understand how habits work.
[6]To change bad habits是动词不定式短语作主语。
[7]based on the philosophy of Aristotle是动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰saying。
[8]what引导表语从句，what在从句中作do的宾语。
[9]we have made是定语从句，修饰先行词choices，先行词在从句中作宾语，省略了关系代词that或which。
[10]to do something是动词不定式短语作定语，修饰名词choice。
[11]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词habit，that在从句中作主语。
[12]本句是复合句。that引导表语从句；if引导条件状语从句；how引导宾语从句。
8.以……为基础
9．在许多方面
10．做出选择
11．一再地；反复不断地
According to12 modern psychology，we must first learn about13 the “habit cycle”，[13]which works like this：
·Firstly，[14]there is a “cue”，an action，event，or situation that acts as14 a signal to do something.
·Secondly，there is a “routine”，the regular action you take in response to15 the cue.
·Thirdly，there is the “reward”，the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
[13]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词habit cycle。
[14]本句是复合句。there is a “cue”是句子主干，an action...situation是cue的同位语，对cue的内容进行解释说明；that引导定语从句，修饰前面的同位语。
12.根据
13．了解
14．充当，担当
15．回答；答复
For example，when we feel unhappy (cue)，we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine)，[15]which makes us feel happy (reward)．[16]The reward makes us much more likely to16 continue the cycle，and the bad habit of relying on17 unhealthy snacks is formed.
[15]which引导非限制性定语从句；feel happy是省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
[16]本句是简单句。The reward是主语，makes是谓语，us是宾语，much more likely是宾语补足语，to continue the cycle是动词不定式短语作状语。
16.很可能做某事
17．依赖；依靠；信赖
[17]To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits，we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. We can do this by combining the information from our habit cycles with18 our own positive ideas.For example，we could try to replace a negative routine with19 something more positive.So，when we feel unhappy again (cue)，rather than20 eat snacks，we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine)，[18]which will make us feel relaxed (reward)．Aside from21 changing bad habits，we can also use the habit cycle [19]to create good habits.For example，when we come to an escalator (cue)，our normal routine is [20]to ride it，but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs22 instead.
[17]本句是简单句。动词不定式短语To facilitate...habits作目的状语，must examine和(must) try是并列谓语，to adapt them是动词不定式短语作宾语。
[18]which引导非限制性定语从句，feel relaxed是省略to的动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。
[19]to create good habits是动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[20]to ride it是动词不定式短语作表语。
18.把……和……结合起来
19．用……代替……
20．而不是
21．除……外(还)
22．走楼梯
Many of us try to change bad habits quickly，and if we are not successful straight away23，we often become pessimistic and give up24.In fact，the most successful way [21]to change is not suddenly，but over a period of time.[22]As the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote，“A journey of a thousand miles begins with25 a single step.” One step seems small，but it is essential.To reach the goal of change，a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps.After all26，[23] it is not easy to break bad habits27.
[21]to change是动词不定式作定语，修饰名词way。
[22]As...wrote是定语从句，先行词是后面的主句内容，As在从句中作动词wrote的宾语。
[23]本句是简单句。it是形式主语，to break bad habits是动词不定式短语作真正的主语。
23.立即；马上
24．放弃
25．以……开始
26．终究，毕竟
27．改掉坏习惯
For young people，there is plenty of time [24]to change bad habits.However，there is no “magic pill” or delete button28 [25]that will help you；you have to think about your bad habits and decide on29 some changes.You have the power to30 build a happy and healthy life full of good habits!
[24]to change bad habits是动词不定式短语作定语，修饰名词time。
[25]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词“magic pill” or delete button。
28.删除键
29．决定；选定
30．有能力做某事
析篇章结构
答案　1.Why　2.What　3.how　4.to change　5.gradually　6.No easy way
in response to 回答；答复；对……作出反应(response n．回答；答复；反应 respond vi.回答；答复；作出反应)
[教材原句P14]Secondly，there is a “routine”，the regular action you take in response to the cue.
第二是“惯常行为”，即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。
[北师大版]However，Navarro refused，and his response was：“Offering me the prize was worth more than what I did for him.”
然而，纳瓦罗拒绝了，他的回复是：“将这个奖给我(这一举动)远远超过了我为他所做的。”
respond to回答；答复；对……作出反应 respond that回答说……
(1)I do believe that we students will definitely respond to the appeal and use shared bikes straight away.
[写作佳句]
(2)(话题写作之传统文化)为回应你的请求，我写信简要介绍一下京剧。
I’m writing to have a brief introduction to Beijing Opera in response to your request/to respond to your request.
(3)(2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)脸上洋溢着自信的微笑，出租车司机回答说他能准时赶到汽车站。
With a confident smile spreading over his face，the taxi driver responded that he could make it to the bus station on time.
reward n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬(rewarding adj.有益的；值得做的)
[教材原句P14]Thirdly，there is the “reward”，the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
第三是“回报”，即我们从惯常行为中获得的美好事物或感受。
[译林版]This may seem difficult at first，but when you finally make your great discovery，your efforts will be rewarded.这一开始会有点难，但当你终于有了伟大发现，你的努力将会得到回报。
·give/offer a reward to sb for (doing) sth因(做)某事而给某人报酬 in reward (for)作为(对……的)回报/奖赏 ·reward sb with sth for(doing) sth因(做)某事用某物奖赏/酬谢某人
(1)I will reward you with free entry to the photography exhibition for your generosity and selflessness.
(2)The old Silk Road is worthy of a visit，which will be an interesting and rewarding(reward) experience.
[写作佳句]
(3)(应用文写作之邀请信)我想邀请你去科学博物馆，以报答我在北京期间你及时而慷慨的帮助。
I would like to invite you to the science museum in reward for your timely and generous help during my stay in Beijing.
rely on/upon依赖；依靠；信赖(reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的unreliable adj.不可靠的；靠不住的 reliability n．可靠性)
[教材原句P15]The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle，and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食这一不良习惯。
[外研版]Awareness of just how much we rely on social media can help us step away from it and communicate with each other better.
我们意识到自己对社交媒体的依赖程度能够帮助我们摆脱它的束缚，更好地互相沟通。
rely on/upon (sb/sb’s) doing sth 指望(某人)做某事 rely on/upon sb to do sth依靠/指望某人做某事 rely on/upon it that...指望……
(1)What worries us is that some young people rely on abusing(abuse) alcohol to relieve their inner pressure.
(2)Not only is our monitor reliable(rely) but he is also hard-working and I guarantee that he will be the most suitable teaching assistant.
[写作佳句]
(3)(应用文写作之邀请信)我们指望您能为我们提供一些关于如何提高我们的英语口语的科学建议，所以请接受我们诚挚的邀请。
We rely on you to offer us some scientific suggestions/rely on it that you can offer us some scientific suggestions/rely on you/your offering us some scientific suggestions on how to improve our spoken English，so please accept our sincere invitation.
decide on/upon决定；选定(decision n．决定decisive adj.果断的，决断的；决定性的)
[教材原句P15]However，there is no “magic pill” or delete button that will help you；you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.
然而，能帮助你的“魔力丸”或删除键并不存在；你必须思考自己的不良习惯，选定一些作出改变。
·decide to do sth决定做某事 ·make a decision作出决定 arrive at/come to/reach a decision作出决定
(1)Being a decisive and determined man，the humble sculptor has no difficulty making a decision when facing some life choices.(decide)
[写作佳句]
(2)(应用文写作之活动安排)考虑到高中生们承受着极大的精神压力，学生会决定去爬附近的一座山来振奋精神。
Considering senior high school students are suffering from extreme mental pressure，the Students’ Association has decided/has made a decision/has arrived at a decision to climb a nearby hill/has decided on climbing a nearby hill to lift their spirits.
状语从句的省略
[教材原句P14]These bad habits，if left unchecked，could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.这些坏习惯，如果放任不管，长大后可能会导致更严重的后果。
状语从句的省略用法如下： ·当主句的主语和从句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词的某种形式，这时可以将从句的主语和be动词一起省略； ·当从句的主语是it，且从句中含有be动词的某种形式，这时也可以将从句的主语it和be动词一起省略。
(1)(话题写作之人物介绍)当面对困难时，他总是坚守岗位、努力工作来克服困难。
When faced with/facing the difficulties，he always sticks to his post and works hard to overcome them.
(2)(话题写作之语言学习)当学习英语的时候，我们最好读一些有趣的英语新闻，这能极大地开阔我们的视野。
When/While learning English，we’d better read some interesting English news，which can greatly broaden our horizons.
(3)如果得不到治疗，这种病会变得更加严重，甚至威胁性命。
If left untreated，the disease will become worse，and even threaten his life.
过去分词短语作定语
[教材原句P14]There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle：“We are what we repeatedly do.”有句基于亚里士多德哲学的名言：“我们反复做的事情造就了我们。”
·过去分词(短语)作定语，与被修饰词之间为被动关系，表动作已经完成或表状态。 ·单个的过去分词作定语常置于其所修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语作定语一般置于其所修饰的名词之后。
(1)(读后续写之动作描写)我一脸担心，在森林里小跑着，寻找灰心丧气的大卫。
With a concerned/worried look on my face，I trotted in the forest，searching for discouraged David.
(2)(应用文写作之申请信)我是为数不多的高中时被选中出国留学的学生之一，所以我非常确信我能胜任你们网站上刊登的工作。
I am one of the few students selected to study abroad at senior high school，so I am greatly convinced that I am equal to the job advertised on your website.
(3)(应用文写作之推荐信)我建议你读一下《青年报》，里面有外国朋友写的关于他们文化的英文文章。
I recommend you to read the newspaper Youth，which contains English articles written by foreign friends about their culture.
Ⅰ.品句猜词
1．Mary has a difficult life and is physically and emotionally abused by her stepmother.vt.虐待
2．The percentage of false negatives generated by the cancer test is of great concern.n.阴性结果
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1．The new airport has facilitated(促进) the further expansion of the city’s tourism.
2．I was capable of dominating the whole event that emerged accidentally.
3．I decided on deleting(删除) fifty words from my original report.
4．Once my parents find my bad behaviour，I will be disciplined(管教) straight away.
5．He coughed repeatedly，and as a consequence，he had no alternative but to get examined at the hospital.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．You can rely on him to offer(offer) you some advice on how to get rid of alcohol.
2．Jack has often been criticised because he is extremely pessimistic about his life.
3．I guarantee that you can keep physically(physical) healthy by taking regular exercise.
4．The humble contemporary writer made a decision(decide) to create a novel based on his own experience.
5．I sincerely hope that the famous sculptor can respond to my letter as soon as possible.
6．I am writing to invite you to appreciate the rewarding(reward) Chinese painting exhibition to be held in the lecture hall next weekend.
7．Though stuck(stick) in difficulties，the specialist in psychology still insisted on his original dream.
8．Learning that the surgery performed(perform) on the influential expert went quite well，we sighed in relief.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
As teenagers grow up，they become more independent and start making their own decisions.However，during this period，it can be easy 1.for some of them to form bad habits.These bad habits，if 2.left(leave) unchecked，could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.To change bad habits is never easy，even with many 3.attempts(attempt)．The good news is that we can change our bad habits if we understand 4.how habits work.
To facilitate 5.a positive change in our bad habits，we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.We can do this by 6.combining(combine) the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas.We can also use the habit cycle 7.to create(create) good habits.Many of us try to change bad habits quickly，and if we are not successful straight away，we often become pessimistic and give up.In fact，the most successful way to change is not suddenly,8.but over a period of time.To reach the goal of change，a person must 9.repeatedly(repeated) take many small steps.
Young people have the power to build a happy and 10.healthy(health) life full of good habits!
作业1
[分值：59分]
Ⅰ.短语填空(共6小题；每小题2分，满分12分)
1．The sculptor’s son looked forward to growing up(长大) and he was eager for knowledge and experience.
2．The exhibition began with(以……开始) a painting by Tang Yin and appealed to numerous visitors.
3．Our monitor acted as(担当) the only representative of our school to attend the meeting held in the city museum last weekend.
4．After learning about(了解) the current situation，I declined their offer without hesitation.
5．He was prevented from(阻止) taking up ink wash animation，which made him upset and disappointed.
6．He eventually made up his mind to give up(放弃) the original plan and restarted thinking about what to do next.
Ⅱ.主题微写作——健康的生活方式(满分12分)
1．重要的是，我们应该有一个均衡的饮食，因为我们需要足够的营养来长得又高又壮。(过去分词作前置定语；不定式短语作目的状语)
It’s important that we should have a balanced diet because we need adequate nutrition to grow tall and strong.
2．如果经常锻炼，我们一定能保持健康，释放沉重的压力。(状语从句的省略)
If taking exercise regularly，we can definitely keep fit and release heavy pressure.
3．即使我们处于极端的压力之下，对我们来说，培养积极的生活态度而不是对生活悲观是至关重要的。(it作形式主语)
Even if we are under extreme stress，it is crucial for us to develop a positive attitude to our life instead of being pessimistic about our life.
4．总而言之，适当的饮食、经常锻炼和乐观的态度是我们迫切需要的，只有这样我们才能拥有健康的生活。(what引导表语从句；reward)
All in all，a proper diet，regular exercise and an optimistic attitude are what we badly need and only in this way can we be rewarded with a healthy life.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
As most Americans spend at least 50% of their food budget dining out，public criticism falls on restaurants to help consumers make healthier food choices.The Menu Labeling Final Rule has come into effect，requiring restaurants with more than 20 locations to show the calories of food on menus.
By representing these values in a discrepant way—using physically larger numbers on the page for lower-calorie options，and smaller numbers for high-calorie foods—businesses can shift customers’ preferences toward healthier food，according to Ruiying Cai from the Washington State University.
In their study，Cai and her colleagues asked participants to choose between a less healthy item and a healthier option after randomly assigning them to two groups.In the first group，calorie counts and font sizes rose and fell together.In the second group，the size became larger as the calorie count fell.Researchers also asked participants questions to assess their health-consciousness.
Results showed participants in the second group，who saw low calorie counts printed in large sizes，were more likely to adopt the healthier option.Moreover，less health-conscious participants were the most affected，while people with more health awareness were less influenced since they already favored healthier food.
This research adjusted customer behaviors by creating a Stroop effect.Named after psychologist J．Ridley Stroop，the Stroop effect refers to a delay in reaction to mismatch in its classic form.For example，if the word “purple” is written in green，it takes respondents longer time to identify the color than if the word and the color match.Similarly，the effect is observed when the physical size of the number does not match its number in this study.
“Restaurants are interested in encouraging customers to make healthier choices，” Cai said.However，simply labeling the food as healthy may not have the intended effect.“Healthy food items could be profitable for restaurants，but whenever a ‘healthy’ label is attached，people may assume it does not taste good，” she explained.“We’re trying to provide restaurants with indirect suggestions，rather than saying it out loud.”
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究——菜单上标记热量多少的字号大小是如何影响顾客对食物的选择的。
1．What does the underlined word “discrepant” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Creative. B．Relative.
C．Conflicting. D．Misleading.
答案　C
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“using physically larger numbers on the page for lower-calorie options，and smaller numbers for high-calorie foods”可知，discrepant way是指用大数字表示低卡路里，小数字表示高卡路里，这是一种相冲突的方式，故推知discrepant应表示“矛盾的，冲突的”，与conflicting同义。故选C。
2．Which of the following types of customers would be affected most from the research
A．Strict diet followers.
B．Convenience food fans.
C．Homemade meal lovers.
D．Health magazine readers.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Moreover，less health-conscious participants were the most affected”可知，健康意识较弱的人受影响最大，而健康意识较弱的人通常是方便食物的爱好者。故选B。
3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．The significance of research results.
B．The measurement of response delays.
C．The psychological basis of the study design.
D．The influential variations of the Stroop effect.
答案　C
解析　段落大意题。根据第五段可知，本段主要介绍了该研究通过创造“斯特鲁普效应”来调整顾客的行为并解释了“斯特鲁普效应”，即“斯特鲁普效应”是设计该研究的心理学基础。故选C。
4．Which of the following might be Cai’s suggestion for restaurants
A．Use font magic to drive healthier choices.
B．Pay more attention to the taste of the food.
C．Create a quiet dining atmosphere for customers.
D．Attach “healthy” labels to the food on the menu.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，蔡瑞颖认为给食物贴上“健康”的标签反而会让人们觉得食物不好吃，并不能鼓励顾客去选择它，餐馆应该寻求间接的方法。而她的研究为商家提供了一种改变顾客对健康食物的选择的方法，即利用字体的魔力来推动顾客做出更健康的食物选择。故选A。
B(此篇精读)
When margarine(人造黄油) was first sold in the 1800s，plentiful alarmist① words were uttered about it.However，it was simply a cream of vegetable oil and water，a processed，more sustainable and healthier alternative to an animal product.Anxiety about new foods and how they are produced continues today.Public discussions are full of concerns that “ultra-processed② foods” or “UPFs” are downright③ unhealthy.One particular category in a fierce spotlight④ is plant-based meats.But how and where food is made doesn’t determine how safe or nutritious it is.
The term UPFs was first used in 2009 by Carlos Monteiro，a nutritionist.In a 2017 paper，he said he was worried that the shared experience of cooking was being increasingly lost and people weren’t eating together.In particular，he was seeing rising rates of diabetes and obesity.Keen to identify the root cause of these issues，he focused on food not made at home，but in factories.But the thing is，as Monteiro has stated openly，the UPF categorisation was never designed to group foods on the basis of nutrition.
Just like pork sausages and chicken popcorn，plant-based alternatives are made in factories，so are considered UPFs.But unlike those animal products，they don’t require antibiotics(抗生素) or hormones during production，but require up to 96 percent less land，have carbon emissions up to 98 percent lower，need up to 99 percent less water and result in 100 percent fewer animals dying.
And side by side⑤，they are almost always healthier than the over-processed animal meat products they replace，especially on fat and fibre content.Just compare the labels on the packets next time you are in the supermarket.
Many loud voices are raising concerns，suggesting that all UPFs，especially plant-based meats，are “unnatural”，“fake” and “full of chemicals”．We are seeing history repeat itself，and a fear of new foods being aroused all over again.But the science is unmistakably clear：diets rich in plant-based options are better for both people and the planet，factory or no factory.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕“超加工食品”中的“植物性肉类”进行了介绍和说明，旨在纠正公众对“植物性肉类”的不准确认识，强调植物基食品的健康和环保价值。
5．Why does the author mention margarine in paragraph 1
A．To stress the sales dilemma margarine faced before.
B．To illustrate people’s misunderstanding about margarine.
C．To show the ignored benefits of margarine to people’s health.
D．To emphasize people’s longstanding worry about novel foods.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“When margarine(人造黄油) was first sold...and how they are produced continues today.”可知，作者提到人造黄油(margarine)在19世纪首次上市时引起了广泛的担忧，但后来被证明是更健康、更可持续的替代品。如今，人们对于新出现的食物以及它们的加工方式的担忧仍在继续。由此可推知，作者提到人造黄油是为了强调人们对于新食物的长期担忧。故选D。
6．Why did Monteiro create the UPF categorisation
A．To classify the food made at home.
B．To encourage people to cook and eat together.
C．To discover the cause of some rising health problems.
D．To determine the nutrition level of factory-produced food.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“The term UPFs...but in factories.”可知，Monteiro创建UPF分类的原因是他看到糖尿病和肥胖率的上升，渴望找出这些问题的根源。故选C。
7．What do the numbers in paragraph 3 imply
A．Plant-based meats are more eco-friendly.
B．Plant-based meats shouldn’t be considered as UPFs.
C．Plant-based meats will replace UPF animal meat products.
D．Plant-based meats are healthier than sausages and popcorn.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，植物性肉类在其生产过程中不需要抗生素或激素，所需土地最多减少了96%，碳排放最多降低了98%，所需水资源最多减少了99%，而且没有动物死亡。由此推知，这些数据表明植物性肉类更加环保。故选A。
8．What does the author think of the concern over plant-based meats
A．Unnecessary. B．Temporary.
C．Reasonable. D．Alarming.
答案　A
解析　观点态度题。根据第四段中“And side by side，...and fibre content.”以及最后一段中“But the science is unmistakably clear...or no factory.”可知，作者认为与过度加工的动物肉制品相比，植物性肉类实际上是更健康的选择，富含植物性肉类的饮食对人、对地球更好。由此推知，作者认为对植物性肉类的担忧是不必要的。故选A。
[语境猜词]
①alarmist adj.危言耸听的
②ultra-processed(派)＝ultra＋processed adj.过度加工的
③downright adj.彻头彻尾的；十足的
④spotlight n．聚光灯；反光灯；媒体和公众的注意(本文为此义)
⑤side by side另一方面
[句式分析]
Public discussions are full of concerns that “ultra-processed foods” or “UPFs” are downright unhealthy.
分析：此句为复合句。that引导同位语从句，跟concerns构成同位关系。
翻译：公众讨论中充满了对超加工食品完全不健康的担忧。
Ⅳ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
I’ve loved to sew all my life.I started sewing clothes for my dolls at 7.In my 20s，I began to refashion used clothes I bought at second-hand shops.Since then I have 1 hundreds of second-hand clothes into stylish outfits.
However，about 10 years ago，when ripping out(拆除) the silk lining from a blue evening dress，I 2 .There was a hidden pocket I failed to notice.I 3 a small photo of a young woman wearing the same blue evening dress.She 4 a soft smile and looked to be in her early 20s.This evening dress had 5 .It was speaking to me.But I was now tearing it apart.I felt 6 .
I mentioned my 7 to my daughter.She said，“Mom，you should be 8 of your sewing creations.You’re keeping clothes out of landfills and you’re creating new fashions from old.Consider it a 9 if you find objects in the pockets.The clothes are talking to you！”
I agreed with her.The clothes were indeed talking to me， 10 interesting details in the pockets.Of course，most of the clothes I refashion don’t have 11 within.However，over the years，some curious objects have amused me or made me 12 .
All these sewing discoveries have made me 13 refashioning clothes even more.And I have learned to be 14 when ripping linings open.I decide to display these discoveries in my sewing room with 15 .I feel like they are quietly speaking to me.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者喜欢缝纫，将二手衣物改造成时尚服装，并在改造过程中发现了一些隐藏物品，这些发现让作者更加享受缝纫的过程。
1．A.combined B．integrated
C．transformed D．transported
答案　C
解析　combine结合；integrate融合；transform转变；transport运输。根据上文可知，作者喜欢改造二手衣服，因此此处是指作者把很多二手衣服改造成了时尚的服装，即衣服的形状、外观等发生了变化。故选C。
2．A.paused B．proceeded
C．posed D．denied
答案　A
解析　pause暂停；proceed继续进行；pose摆姿势；deny否认。根据下文“There was a hidden pocket I failed to notice.”可知，作者在拆除晚礼服的衬里时发现了隐藏的口袋，因此她停了下来。故选A。
3．A.put out B．ruled out
C．gave out D．pulled out
答案　D
解析　put out扑灭；rule out 排除；give out 发出；pull out拉出，抽出。根据空后“a small photo of a young woman wearing the same blue evening dress”可知，作者是从晚礼服的口袋里掏出了一张照片。故选D。
4．A.managed B．wore
C．forced D．flashed
答案　B
解析　manage管理；wear露出，面带；force强迫；flash闪现。根据空后“a soft smile”可知，照片上的女子面带温柔的微笑。wear a smile 表示“面带微笑”，符合语境。故选B。
5．A.fame B．culture
C．history D．civilization
答案　C
解析　fame名声；culture文化；history历史；civilization文明。根据上文可知，拆除的晚礼服里藏有旧照片，暗示着它有自己的故事或历史。故选C。
6．A.dizzy B．guilty
C．greedy D．angry
答案　B
解析　dizzy眩晕的；guilty内疚的；greedy贪婪的；angry生气的。根据上文“But I was now tearing it apart.”可知，作者意识到自己正在拆掉一件有故事的衣物，可能会感到内疚。故选B。
7．A.concerns B．interests
C．attempts D．ambitions
答案　A
解析　concern关心，忧虑；interest兴趣；attempt尝试；ambition野心。根据上文可知，作者对于拆毁晚礼服感到内疚，此处向女儿表达的应是这种心理上的“忧虑”。故选A。
8．A.fond B．ashamed
C．proud D．aware
答案　C
解析　fond喜欢的；ashamed羞愧的；proud自豪的；aware意识到的。根据下文女儿说的话“You’re keeping clothes out of landfills and you’re creating new fashions from old.”可知，作者向女儿表达忧虑后，女儿在安慰作者，让她为自己的创作感到骄傲。故选C。
9．A.core B．price
C．basis D．reward
答案　D
解析　core核心；price代价；basis基础；reward奖励。根据下文“interesting details in the pockets”以及语境可知，女儿认为作者在做有意义的事，如果作者在口袋里发现东西，就应该把它当作一种奖励，这是衣服在与作者对话。故选D。
10．A.requiring B．recording
C．restricting D．revealing
答案　D
解析　require需要；record记录；restrict限制；reveal揭露，透露。根据上文“talking to me”以及下文“interesting details”可知，作者感到衣服在和她说话，展示口袋里有趣的细节。故选D。
11．A.surprises B．signals
C．supplies D．samples
答案　A
解析　surprise惊喜；signal信号；supply供应品；sample样本。根据下文“However，over the years，some...have amused me”可知，此处与下文构成转折，指作者在改造衣物时并不总是能在口袋里发现东西，即大多数衣服里没有“惊喜”。故选A。
12．A.abandon B．suffer
C．reflect D．erupt
答案　C
解析　abandon抛弃；suffer遭受；reflect认真思考；erupt喷发。根据下文“And I have learned to be...”可推知，作者在衣服里面发现的这些意外的“惊喜”会让作者开心或陷入深思。故选C。
13．A.quit B．enjoy
C．bear D．oppose
答案　B
解析　quit 放弃；enjoy 享受；bear 忍受；oppose 反对。根据上文可知，这些意外的发现增加了作者的乐趣，因此是更加享受这一过程。故选B。
14．A.braver B．gentler
C．ruder D．merrier
答案　B
解析　brave勇敢的；gentle温柔的；rude粗鲁的；merry愉快的。根据上文可知，鉴于之前拆毁衣服的内疚感，作者在处理衣物时变得更加小心和温柔。故选B。
15．A.respect B．sympathy
C．curiosity D．envy
答案　A
解析　respect 敬意；sympathy 同情；curiosity 好奇心；envy 嫉妒。根据上下文可知，作者对这些衣物及其背后的故事持尊重态度，因此决定带着敬意在缝纫室展示这些发现。故选A。

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