资源简介

(共94张PPT)
Period 4
Using Language
Environmental protection
Unit 3
内容索引
Step 1　课文深度理解
Step 2　语言知识梳理
Step 3　基础达标检测
作业4
课文深度理解
Task 1：Fast reading for the structure of the text.
Ⅰ.Skim the passage to find out the general idea of the text by filling in the chart below.
water
pollution
the reasons
some
measures and initiatives
Ⅱ.Skim the whole text to find out the main idea.
The text talks about __________________ and _______________________
_______ in the Li River.
the water pollution
measures taken to deal
with it
Task 2：Careful reading for the details of the text.
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What can we know about the Li River from paragraph 1
A.It attracts tourists worldwide.
B.The water there is dirty all the time.
C.There are no solutions to the water pollution.
D.It’s the most famous place of interest in China.
√
2.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A.Visitors aren’t allowed to visit the Li River.
B.The local government never inspected the Li River.
C.It is easy to handle pollution of China’s waterways.
D.Measures have been taken to preserve the Li River.
√
3.What is people’s attitude to the future of the Li River
A.Negative. B.Confused.
C.Concerned. D.Optimistic.
√
4.Where might the text come from
A.A novel. B.A science fiction.
C.A tourist brochure. D.A daily newspaper.
√
Task 3：Translate the following phrases into English.
1.迷人的周边风光
2.最著名的旅游目的地
3.国内外游客
4.对……有消极的影响
5.水质
6.处理，应对
7.水污染
8.遭受；患(病)
__________________________
____________________________________
__________________________
_____________________
____________
_________
______________
__________
amazing surrounding scenery
the most well-known tourist destinations
domestic and foreign visitors
have negative effects on
water quality
deal with
water pollution
suffer from
9.导致；促成
10.在船上(或飞机上、火车上)
11.和；也；除……以外
12.最终……
13.被用来做某事
14.担心……
15.破坏自然环境
16.采取紧急措施做某事
17.解决问题
18.家庭垃圾
____________
_________
_________
_______
_______________
__________________
_____________________________
_______________________
________________
_______________
contribute to
on board
as well as
end up
be used to do sth
be concerned that...
damage the natural environment
take urgent steps to do sth
address the issues
household waste
19.许多；很多
20.建立严格的规章制度
21.垃圾处理方法
22.传播环境意识
23.清洁能源
24.进行检查
25.人们相信……
26.另外
27.对……负责
28.在实施中；有效
_________
_____________________
_______________________
_____________________________
____________
___________________
_________________
__________
________________
________
dozens of
set up strict regulations
garbage disposal methods
spread environmental awareness
clean energy
It is believed that...
in addition
be responsible for
in effect
carry out inspections
Task 4：Analyse some long and difficult sentences.
1.This report looks at the problem of water pollution and some actions that have been taken to deal with it.(P32 Para.1)
[结构分析] 此句是_____句，that引导的是_____从句，修饰先行词actions，不定式短语to deal with it作_________。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
复合
定语
目的状语
本报道就是着眼于水污染问题以及已采取的一些应对措施。
2.Previously，water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists，many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river.(P32 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是_____句，many of whom...river是_____________从句，修饰先行词tourists。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
复合
非限制性定语
过去，游客数量的增加使漓江的水质严重恶化，许多游客常常将垃圾抛入江中。
3.Kitchens on board were using lots of oil，which was often thrown into the water.(P32 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是_____句，which引导的是_____________从句，修饰先行词oil。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
4.The growth in tourism also meant the local population rose rapidly，as well as the number of commercial and industrial enterprises.(P32 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是_____句，the local population rose rapidly...是省略了that的_____从句。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
复合
非限制性定语
船上厨房使用过的大量食用油经常被倒入江中。
复合
宾语
旅游业的增长意味着当地人口和工商企业的数量迅速增加。
5.Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river’s original beauty.(P32 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是_____句，and连接了两个_________，felt后面的that引导_____从句，to restore...是不定式短语作_________。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
复合
并列谓语
地方官员担心水污染对自然环境的破坏，认为必须采取紧急措施以恢复漓江昔日的美丽。
宾语
目的状语
6.A comprehensive initiative was started，with a number of measures that addressed the issues.(P32 Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句是_____句，that addressed the issues是_____从句，修饰先行词measures。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
复合
定语
一个全面的治理方案启动，其中包括一系列应对该问题的措施。
7.With these measures，it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.(P33 Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句是_____句，it是_________，that引导的是_____从句，作真正的主语。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
复合
有了这些举措，相信漓江之美将得到保护并世代相传。
形式主语
主语
返 回
语言知识梳理
vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服 [submissive adj.服从的；顺从的；恭顺的 submission n.提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服]
[教材原句P28] According to the report submitted by researchers，between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests.
根据研究人员提交的报告，每年二氧化碳排放量的20%到25%是由对热带雨林的破坏造成的。
[北师大版] You just need to fill in and submit a registration form for a library card.
你只需要填写并提交一张图书证登记表。
1
submit
submit sth to sb提交/呈递某物给某人
submit (oneself) to...顺从；屈服
(1)Your name，address and telephone number must be included in the ___________(submit).
(2)Even if I am stressed out and worn out，never will I submit myself ___ difficulties.
submission
to
(3)(应用文写作之约稿)要求所有申请者在6月19日前提交文章。
It is demanded that ______________________________________
______________________.
all the applicants (should) submit the articles before June 19
写作佳句
adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的(sense n.感官；意义；意识 vt.感觉到；察觉到sensible adj.明智的；合理的；可觉察到的)
2
sensitive
[教材原句P29] Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic 为什么核能是一个敏感话题？
[外研版] He’s sensitive and rather serious，which sometimes makes him appear to be a little bookish.
他很敏感，也很严肃，有时会显得有点书呆子气。
·grow/be sensitive to对……敏感
·a sense of...……感
make sense有道理；讲得通
make sense of理解
(读后续写之片段描写)她颤抖的手指描摹着饱经风霜的日记。随着她对微弱的路灯图案敏感，一种联系感出现了。破碎的记忆终于讲得通——她可以理解祖母的密码信息，脸上洋溢着满意的笑容。
Her trembling fingers traced the weathered journal entries.As she (1)___________________ the faint streetlight patterns，(2)_____________
__________ emerged.The broken memories finally (3)____________—she could (4)______________ Grandmother’s coded messages，with her face beaming with satisfaction.
grew/was sensitive to
a sense of
connection
made sense
make sense of
vt.忍受；包容；容许(tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的 intolerant adj.无法忍受的 tolerance n.容忍；忍受)
tolerate
3
[教材原句P34] The villagers could no longer tolerate the situation.村民们再也不能忍受这种状况了。
[北师大版] He could no longer tolerate it.他实在是忍无可忍了。
tolerate (sb/sb’s) doing sth忍耐(某人)做某事
be tolerant of/towards sb/sth忍受、宽容某人/某事
(1)To create a harmonious atmosphere，we should treat those around us with _________(tolerate).
(2)I can’t tolerate _______________(disturb) by others when I absorb myself in carrying out my project.
tolerance
being disturbed
(3)(话题写作之人际关系)虽然他的身体有缺陷，但他所有的同学都不能容忍任何不公平，都把他当作一个普通的孩子。
While there was a disability in his body，all his classmates，_______________________________________________，looked on him as a regular kid.(定语从句)
[点津]　表“忍受”的词：tolerate/stand后只接动词-ing形式作宾语；bear/endure可接动词-ing和动词不定式两种形式作宾语。
who didn’t tolerate/wasn’t tolerant of any unfairness
写作佳句
[教材原句P32] Water pollution levels increased，with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river.越来越多的生活和商业垃圾最终流入江中，加重了水污染程度。
[结构分析] 此句是简单句，with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river 是with复合结构，其中ending up in the river作宾补。
4
with 复合结构
[教材原句P33] With such campaigns in effect，China’s waterways are heading towards a clean and sustainable future.随着这些运动的开展，中国的水路正在走向洁净、可持续的未来。
[结构分析] 此句是简单句，With such campaigns in effect是with复合结构，其中介词短语in effect作宾补。
with复合结构的构成是：with＋宾语＋宾补。此结构可作定语，也可作状语，表示伴随、方式、条件、原因等。其具体构成如下：
①with＋宾语＋介词短语/ adj./ adv.
②with＋宾语＋动词不定式(表示动作将要发生)
③with＋宾语＋现在分词(表示主动或动作正在进行)
④with＋宾语＋过去分词(表示被动或动作已经完成)
(1)(读后续写之动作描写)我一跃而起，冲上前，紧紧地抱住我的老师，眼睛里含着激动的泪水。
I sprang to my feet，rushed forward and hugged my teacher tightly，_______________________________.
(2)(读后续写之焦虑心理描写)有太多的工作要做，我焦虑得在床上翻来覆去，无法入睡。
________________________，I was so anxious that I tossed and turned on the bed，unable to fall asleep.
with tears of excitement in my eyes
With too much work to do
(3)(读后续写之喜悦心理描写)我的提议得到了这么多人的支持，我眉飞色舞，精神高涨。
_____________________________________________________________________________________，my eyebrows danced and my spirits soared.
(4)(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)门开着，出于好奇，我蹑手蹑脚地走进房间，突然一个声音从我身后传来，吓得我魂飞魄散。
___________________，I tiptoed into the room out of curiosity and a sudden voice behind me scared me out of my wits.
With my proposal supported by so many people/With so many people
supporting my proposal
With the door open
[教材原句P32] These chemicals led to severe water quality issues，causing a decrease in the number of fish species.这些化学物质造成了严重的水质问题，导致鱼的种类减少。
[结构分析] 此句是简单句，causing a decrease in the number of fish species是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示意料之中的结果。
5
现在分词短语作结果状语
·现在分词短语除了在句中作结果状语外，还可充当时间、条件、原
因、伴随、方式以及让步状语等。
·动词不定式通常放在only之后作结果状语，表示一种意料之外的结果。
(1)Little Tom quickened his steps to the stadium，only ________________
(inform) that the game had been put off.
to be informed
(2)(话题写作之学校生活)小组学习室的课桌配备了现代化的电脑，使学生能够从互联网上获得有用的信息。
The desks in the Group Study Room are equipped with modern computers，____________________________________________
____________.
enabling students to gain useful information from the Internet
写作佳句
(3)(读后续写之片段描写)我和爸爸骑着马追逐一只可爱的兔子，完全不顾我们要去哪里。过了一会儿，我们抓住缰绳，让马停下来，却发现我们迷路了。觉察到我内心的焦虑，爸爸挤出一丝微笑，告诉我一切都会好起来的。
________________，my father and I chased a cute rabbit，____________________________________.After a while，we grabbed the reins and stopped our horses，___________________________，_______________________my father forced a smile，_________________
______________________.
Riding our horses
返 回
completely ignoring where we were going
only to find that we were lost
Sensing my inner anxiety
telling me that
everything would be OK
基础达标检测
1.He had to pay a fine for going through a red light. 　　 ____________
2.We protested about the changes for a long time，but in the end we had to submit. 　　 _______
3.In her diary，she described her father as a sensitive and caring man.
______________
n.罚金；罚款
Ⅰ.品句猜词
vi.屈服
adj.善解人意的
1.Our school has launched a __________ to call on all the teachers and students not to throw away garbage on campus.
2.Contrary to popular belief，_________ exercise keeps you dynamic and refreshes your spirits.
3.I was bathed in such a ____________ atmosphere that my inner loneliness melted away.
4.When he came to power，he got dozens of rules ___________(改革) straight away.
campaign
Ⅱ.单词拼写
moderate
harmonious
reformed
5.The new and promising policies have _________(恢复) my confidence in our country’s future.
6.He ____________ some moral dilemmas and he was seized with a sense of sadness.
restored
underwent
1.My father made up his mind to quit tobacco and alcohol and he promised that he wouldn’t submit himself ____ whatever hardships he would come across.
2.With effective regulations _____________(implement)，the current situation got improved as had been expected.
3.The dentist who always absorbs himself in his work can’t tolerate ________(waste) time.
4.She is quite sensitive ____ others’ comments and it’s no wonder that she is frequently stressed out.
to
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
implemented
wasting
to
5.I deliver speeches concerning sustainable development ____ behalf of my school，which makes me more responsible and hard-working.
6.Our English teacher will examine us in grammar tomorrow, __________
(make) us feel like sitting on pins and needles.
on
making
Being one of the most well-known scenic spots in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region，Li River 1.________(appeal) to millions of visitors every year.2._________，the river’s water quality has suffered 3.________(great) from increasing tourists，many of 4._______ threw rubbish into the river.Previously，many tour boats，a number of commercial and industrial 5.______________(enterprise) as well as the rising local population contributed to severe water quality issues,
appeals
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
However
greatly
whom
enterprises
6.________(cause) a sharp drop in the number of fish species.Fortunately，many effective measures have been taken 7._________(restore) the river’s 8.________(origin) beauty.9.___ is believed that the beauty of the Li River will 10.____________(conserve) for generations to come.With the policy of “Water Ten Plan” and the “River Chief System” in effect，China’s waterways are heading towards a clean and sustainable future.
causing
to restore
返 回
original
It
be conserved
作业4
1.As is known to us all，burning fossil fuels _____________________(对
……有消极的影响) our environment.
2.By adopting these scientific policies，he succeeded in _____________(处理) the challenging issue.
3.She ______________________(遭受) the loss of memory since she had that car accident.
4.In the future dozens of newly-established disposal regulations ________
_____________(促成) restoring the damaged environment.
has negative effects on
dealing with
Ⅰ.短语填空
has been suffering from
will
contribute to
5.If I __________________(对……负责) the activity，I will launch various campaigns to enhance students’ interest in building a low-carbon campus.
am responsible for
1.随着时间的推移，环境污染是整个世界面临的一个严重问题。(with复合结构)
_________________________，environmental pollution is a serious problem that the whole world is faced with.
2.政府和人民一直在追求高速发展，这使得环境遭到了严重破坏。(which引导的非限制性定语从句)
The government and people have been pursuing high-speed development，______________________________________________.
With time going by/passing
Ⅱ.主题微写作——环境保护
which has made the environment destroyed severely
3.例如，在过去几十年里我们一直在发展工业，造成了空气、水和土壤污染。(现在分词短语作结果状语)
For example，we have been developing industry in the past decades，________________________________________.
4.毫无疑问，我们永远不应该屈服于看似难以应对的挑战。(that引导的定语从句)
There is no doubt that never should we submit ourselves to the challenges ___________________________________.
contributing to air，water and soil pollution
that are seemingly difficult to deal with
5.最重要的是，为了保护环境免受进一步污染，我们个人也应该承担起自己的责任。(不定式短语作目的状语)
Most importantly，______________________________________________
________，we individuals should also shoulder our own responsibility.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
to protect the environment from being further
polluted
A
A recent study found that there is convincing evidence that time in nature reduces depressive symptoms，decreases stress and improves cognitive function.More time in the green is associated with lower blood pressure，strengthened immune systems，alleviated risk of heart disease and improved sleep.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在自然环境中活动对身心健康的益处，包括降低抑郁症状、减轻压力、改善认知功能等，还探讨了相关的可能原因。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
In a 2024 study，Maddock and his colleagues looked at outpatient mental health service usage，mostly for depression，anxiety or stress，across 1,169 zip codes in Texas.They found that rates of mental health service use were about 50 percent lower in neighborhoods with more greenery.In 2022 Jimenez and her colleagues published a paper in JAMA Open Network using data from the long-running Nurses’ Health Study Ⅱ to show that living in areas with more green space was associated with higher scores for overall cognition and for psychomotor speed and attention.This difference could be partly explained by fewer depressive symptoms.
There are several possible explanations for these findings.One theory holds that nature provides a short break from the mental fatigue of modern life and the built environment，thereby restoring attentional resources.A 2024 experiment that had nearly 100 participants offers support for the idea：the researchers found that a 40-minute walk in nature enhanced people’s ability to adjust higher-level cognitive functions—such as problem-solving and multitasking—more than a 40-minute walk in an urban environment did.
A second theory suggests that time spent in nature activates the parasympathetic(副交感的) nervous system，which reduces the body’s stress responses.Studies show reductions in cortisol(皮质醇) levels—part of those responses—after exposure to greenery.In addition，green space affects health indirectly because time outdoors encourages physical activity and offers chances for social connection，both of which improve mental and physical well-being.
Studies such as Jimenez’s and Maddock’s are aimed at policymakers more than individuals，but they remind us all of the importance of seeking out greenery wherever we live.And we should all try to heed the advice that Jimenez gives to her students：“I see how stressed they are，especially during exams，” she says.“I tell them，‘Go out for a walk.’”
1.What does the underlined word “alleviated” in paragraph 1 mean
A.Increased. B.Eased.
C.Removed. D.Avoided.
词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，此处在讲多接触绿色环境对健康的好处，应该是降低心脏病风险，“alleviated”在此处意为“减轻了的”，与B项意思相近。故选B。
解析
√
2.How did Maddock and his colleagues get their findings
A.By doing an experiment.
B.By referring to previous data.
C.By analyzing a field case.
D.By adapting observational method.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中“In a 2024 study，Maddock and his colleagues looked at outpatient mental health service usage，mostly for depression，anxiety or stress，across 1,169 zip codes in Texas.”可知，Maddock和他的同事观察了得克萨斯州1169个邮政编码地区的门诊心理健康服务的使用情况，即他们是通过观察的方法获得研究结果的。故选D。
解析
3.What does the 2024 experiment with 100 participants clarify
A.An escape to nature can be refreshing.
B.Nature offers inspiration for modern life.
C.A walk in nature benefits the environment.
D.City walk is equally important to nature walk.
√
推理判断题。根据第三段中“A 2024 experiment...an urban environment did.”可知，研究人员发现，在大自然中散步40分钟比在城市环境中散步40分钟更能增强人们调整更高层次认知功能的能力，即可推知本实验表明了走进大自然可以让人精神振奋。故选A。
解析
4.Why does Jimenez ask her students to go out for a walk
A.To take exercise. B.To reduce pressure.
C.To become prepared. D.To seek advice.
√
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“‘I see how stressed they are，especially during exams，’ she says.”可知，Jimenez 让学生出去散步是为了减轻他们的压力。故选B。
解析
B(此篇精读)
The summer reading season is here.Some people will opt for① paperbacks because they’re easy to borrow and share.Others will go for② e-readers.But which is the more environmentally sustainable option
语篇解读　这是一篇议论文。文章主要谈论了纸质书和电子阅读器哪个更环保。
According to 2023 data from the literary industry research group WordsRated，when it comes to pulp(纸浆) and paper，print book publishing is the world’s third-largest industrial greenhouse gas producer，and 32 million trees are cut down each year in the United States to make paper for books.
So many publishers are switching to on-demand③ printing，or，like Chronicle Books，are reducing their initial print runs to see how well the titles sell before they print more.“We felt that it was better to have a higher cost and have less waste，” said Chronicle Books president，Tyrrell Mahoney.
Publishers are also rethinking book design.It might be a surprise，but certain fonts(字体) can be more climate-friendly by using less ink and less paper.
Digital reading seems to have a considerable④ eco-advantage over print because it is paperless，so it saves trees，pulping and shipping.Moreover，tech companies that make e-readers and the market-leading Kindle e-reader offer recycling programs for old devices.
“By choosing e-books as an alternative to print，Kindle readers helped save an estimated 2.3 million metric tons of carbon emissions over a two-year period，” said Corey Badcock，head of Kindle product and marketing.
But digital devices also come with a substantial carbon footprint，mainly at the producing stage.Their cases are made with fossil-fuel-derived plastics and the minerals in their batteries require resource-heavy mining.
Berners-Lee，the author of The Carbon Footprint of Everything，said the average e-reader has a carbon footprint of around 80 pounds.“This means that I’ve got to read about 36 small paperback books—worth on it before you break even，” he said.
“If you buy an e-reader and you read loads and loads of books on it，then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do，” Berners-Lee said.“But if I buy it，read a couple of books，and decide that I prefer paperback books，then it’s the worst of all worlds.”
5.Why are publishers switching to on-demand printing
A.To further reduce costs.
B.To increase market sales.
C.To make books more durable.
D.To be more environmentally friendly.
细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，印刷图书出版业是世界第三大温室气体排放行业，美国每年有3 200万棵树被砍伐以制造书籍的纸张。所以，出版商转向按需印刷是因为这样更环保。故选D。
解析
√
6.What is the author’s attitude towards digital devices’ carbon footprint
A.Optimistic. B.Dismissive.
C.Objective. D.Defensive.
√
观点态度题。根据第六段中“By choosing e-books as an alternative to print，Kindle readers helped save an estimated 2.3 million metric tons of carbon emissions over a two-year period(通过选择电子书代替纸质书，Kindle阅读器在两年的时间里减少了230万吨的碳排放)”和第七段中“But digital devices also come with a substantial carbon footprint，mainly at the producing stage.(但数字设备也会产生大量的碳足迹，主要是在生产阶段。)”可知，作者客观陈述了数字设备的碳足迹。故选C。
解析
7.What can we say about the carbon footprint of reading according to Berners-Lee
A.Heavy e-readers will have a lower carbon footprint.
B.Paperback readers contribute less to carbon emissions.
C.The carbon footprint of reading is unworthy of attention.
D.There’s no way to measure the carbon footprint of e-readers.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If you buy an e-reader and you read loads and loads of books on it，then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do”可知，用电子阅读器阅读大量的书能够减少碳足迹，由此可推知容量大的电子阅读器的碳足迹较低。故选A。
解析
8.What is the best title for the text
A.An Eco-debate：Is My E-reader Really Greener
B.The Decline of Paper：a Look at Modern Publishing
C.The Future of Reading：E-ink Technology Advances
D.What’s Better for the Climate：a Paper Book or an E-reader
√
标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第一段中“Some people will opt for paperbacks...Others will go for e-readers.But which is the more environmentally sustainable option？”可知，本文主要谈论了纸质书和电子阅读器哪个更环保。D项“什么对气候更好：纸质书还是电子阅读器？”符合主旨，适合作为标题，故选D。
解析
①opt for _____
②go for 　　 ___________
③on-demand adj. 　　 _______
④considerable adj. _____________________
语境猜词
选择
选择，喜欢
按需的
相当大的；相当重要的
So many publishers are switching to on-demand printing，or，like Chronicle Books，are reducing their initial print runs to see how well the titles sell before they print more.
分析：此句为_____句。how引导_____从句，在从句中充当______；before引导_________从句。
翻译：_________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
句式分析
复合
宾语
状语
时间状语
许多出版商正在转向按需印刷，或者像编年史出版社那样，减少其首次印刷量，以便在加印之前先看看这些书的销售情况如何。
Although you can’t control what packaging other people use，you can make choices about what you order.Here are tips for reducing the environmental impact caused by consumption.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要给出了一些减少消费对环境影响的建议。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读
A.Buy expensive things.
B.Plan ahead for shopping.
C.You can choose brands that use eco-friendly materials.
D.Buying used things is even better for the environment.
E.You can also try online shopping in one place if possible.
F.Purchase things that are built to last if you must buy something new.
G.And a bonus is that such items save you money and space in your home.
1 A great way to minimize packaging at home is to avoid impulse(冲动) shopping，which usually results in lots of packages being sent to your door.
√
根据后文“One way to avoid this is to make a list of items you need throughout the week or month.”可知，本段建议列出本周或本月的购物清单，即做好购物计划。故B选项“提前计划购物”符合语境，可作为主旨句，故选B。
解析
One way to avoid this is to make a list of items you need throughout the week or month. 2 That way，all your items can be shipped at one time and in one box.
A.Buy expensive things.
B.Plan ahead for shopping.
C.You can choose brands that use eco-friendly materials.
D.Buying used things is even better for the environment.
E.You can also try online shopping in one place if possible.
F.Purchase things that are built to last if you must buy something new.
G.And a bonus is that such items save you money and space in your home.
√
根据后文“That way，all your items can be shipped at one time and in one box.”可知，空格处应提到可以让所有的物品在同一时间或在一个盒子里运到的方法。故E选项“如果可能的话，你也可以尝试在一个地方网购”符合语境，与下文构成因果关系，故选E。
解析
Shop locally and second-hand.Buying locally and transporting goods with a reusable bag means removing any extra packaging arriving in your home. 3 You can search for things you want that other people no longer need on social media，and help keep items from ending up in landfills.
A.Buy expensive things.
B.Plan ahead for shopping.
C.You can choose brands that use eco-friendly materials.
D.Buying used things is even better for the environment.
E.You can also try online shopping in one place if possible.
F.Purchase things that are built to last if you must buy something new.
G.And a bonus is that such items save you money and space in your home.
√
本段建议在当地购买或者买二手物品，空前一句介绍了在当地购物的好处，后文提到了搜索别人不再需要的东西，由此推测本句是在建议购买二手物品。故D选项“购买二手物品对环境更有利”承上启下，符合语境，故选D。
解析
Choose durable(耐用的) goods. 4 One package arriving at your house is much more eco-friendly than the multiple packages required when you buy something made from cheap materials that can only be used once or will easily break and then need to be replaced.
A.Buy expensive things.
B.Plan ahead for shopping.
C.You can choose brands that use eco-friendly materials.
D.Buying used things is even better for the environment.
E.You can also try online shopping in one place if possible.
F.Purchase things that are built to last if you must buy something new.
G.And a bonus is that such items save you money and space in your home.
√
根据上文“Choose durable(耐用的) goods.”以及后文“One package arriving at your house is much more eco-friendly than...then need to be replaced.”可知，本段的建议是购买耐用的商品，后文给出了理由，故F选项“如果你一定要买新东西，就买耐用的东西”符合语境，故选F。
解析
Consider versatility(多功能性).Buying products that can be used in a variety of ways can also reduce the amount of packaging.For example，a bag that can be used as a laptop carrier for work and a day pack for urban or outdoor exploring requires only one purchase. 5
A.Buy expensive things.
B.Plan ahead for shopping.
C.You can choose brands that use eco-friendly materials.
D.Buying used things is even better for the environment.
E.You can also try online shopping in one place if possible.
F.Purchase things that are built to last if you must buy something new.
G.And a bonus is that such items save you money and space in your home.
√
根据上文“Consider versatility(多功能性)...requires only one purchase.”可知，本句作为本段最后一句应承接上文，补充说明购买多功能性商品的好处。故G选项“还有一个好处就是这些东西可以节省你的钱和家里的空间”符合语境，故选G。
解析
With seasonal temperatures breaking records almost every year in the US，tree species 1._____________(expect) to adapt to the changes by slowly shifting their population centers northward.But 2.____ recent survey shows the trend towards westward movement is even 3._________
(strong) than expected—in some cases，species have shifted their ranges to west by as much as 73 percent.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了调查显示美国大多数的树种向西迁移，一项研究认为这种变化可能与降雨有关。
Ⅴ.语法填空
are expected
a
stronger
1.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。结合语境可知，此处用一般现在时；本句中主语与谓语动词之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。主语tree species是复数，故填are expected。
2.考查冠词。分析语境可知，此处泛指一项调查，且recent发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
3.考查形容词的比较级。根据than可知，要用比较级，故填stronger。
解析
The survey shows that roughly three-quarters of the 86 tree species 4._________(survey) have shifted their population centers westward 5.______ 1980.
surveyed
since
4.考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处应用非谓语动词形式，tree species与survey之间是被动关系，所以要用过去分词surveyed作后置定语。
5.考查连词。此处谓语用了现在完成时，故应用“since(自从)＋过去的时间”作时间状语。故填since。
解析
Obviously，trees aren’t uprooting 6. (them) and moving elsewhere.The survey provides insight into general population trends as young trees continue to take root in westward land，while some of the older 7. (plant) of the species in the eastern areas are slowly dying out.In this way，the center of a species’ range can gradually shift over time.
themselves
plants
6.考查反身代词。分析语境可知，树木不会自己连根拔起搬到别处去，故填themselves。
7.考查名词复数。根据some of the older...可知，应该用名词的复数。故填plants。
解析
Though scientists aren’t sure 8.______ is causing this change，the publishers of the study think that it’s connected to rainfall.Rainfall totals across the United States have changed，9.________(cause) areas such as the Southeast to experience significantly less rain annually，while the Great Plains is getting far more than its historical average.For this reason，most trees are moving towards the 10.______________(increasing) watery plains.
what
causing
increasingly
8.考查名词性从句。be sure后面可跟how，whether，what等引导的从句，此处从句中缺少主语，且意为“什么”，故填what。
9.考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处应用非谓语动词形式，此处用现在分词作状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填causing。
10.考查副词。修饰形容词watery，要用副词increasingly作状语。
解析
返 回
本课结束Period 4　Using Language
Task 1：Fast reading for the structure of the text.
Ⅰ.Skim the passage to find out the general idea of the text by filling in the chart below.
Ⅱ.Skim the whole text to find out the main idea.
The text talks about the water pollution and measures taken to deal with it in the Li River.
Task 2：Careful reading for the details of the text.
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．What can we know about the Li River from paragraph 1
A．It attracts tourists worldwide.
B．The water there is dirty all the time.
C．There are no solutions to the water pollution.
D．It’s the most famous place of interest in China.
答案　A
2．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A．Visitors aren’t allowed to visit the Li River.
B．The local government never inspected the Li River.
C．It is easy to handle pollution of China’s waterways.
D．Measures have been taken to preserve the Li River.
答案　D
3．What is people’s attitude to the future of the Li River
A．Negative. B．Confused.
C．Concerned. D．Optimistic.
答案　D
4．Where might the text come from
A．A novel. B．A science fiction.
C．A tourist brochure. D．A daily newspaper.
答案　D
Task 3：Translate the following phrases into English.
1．迷人的周边风光amazing surrounding scenery
2．最著名的旅游目的地the most well-known tourist destinations
3．国内外游客 domestic and foreign visitors
4．对……有消极的影响 have negative effects on
5．水质 water quality
6．处理，应对 deal with
7．水污染 water pollution
8．遭受；患(病) suffer from
9．导致；促成 contribute to
10．在船上(或飞机上、火车上)on board
11．和；也；除……以外 as well as
12．最终……end up
13．被用来做某事 be used to do sth
14．担心……be concerned that...
15．破坏自然环境 damage the natural environment
16．采取紧急措施做某事 take urgent steps to do sth
17．解决问题 address the issues
18．家庭垃圾household waste
19．许多；很多dozens of
20．建立严格的规章制度set up strict regulations
21．垃圾处理方法garbage disposal methods
22．传播环境意识 spread environmental awareness
23．清洁能源clean energy
24．进行检查carry out inspections
25．人们相信……It is believed that...
26．另外 in addition
27．对……负责 be responsible for
28．在实施中；有效in effect
Task 4：Analyse some long and difficult sentences.
1．This report looks at the problem of water pollution and some actions that have been taken to deal with it.(P32 Para.1)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词actions，不定式短语to deal with it作目的状语。
[汉语翻译] 本报道就是着眼于水污染问题以及已采取的一些应对措施。
2．Previously，water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists，many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river.(P32 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，many of whom...river是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词tourists。
[汉语翻译] 过去，游客数量的增加使漓江的水质严重恶化，许多游客常常将垃圾抛入江中。
3．Kitchens on board were using lots of oil，which was often thrown into the water.(P32 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，which引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词oil。
[汉语翻译] 船上厨房使用过的大量食用油经常被倒入江中。
4．The growth in tourism also meant the local population rose rapidly，as well as the number of commercial and industrial enterprises.(P32 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，the local population rose rapidly...是省略了that的宾语从句。
[汉语翻译] 旅游业的增长意味着当地人口和工商企业的数量迅速增加。
5．Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river’s original beauty.(P32 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，and连接了两个并列谓语，felt后面的that引导宾语从句，to restore...是不定式短语作目的状语。
[汉语翻译] 地方官员担心水污染对自然环境的破坏，认为必须采取紧急措施以恢复漓江昔日的美丽。
6．A comprehensive initiative was started，with a number of measures that addressed the issues.(P32 Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，that addressed the issues是定语从句，修饰先行词measures。
[汉语翻译] 一个全面的治理方案启动，其中包括一系列应对该问题的措施。
7．With these measures，it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.(P33 Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，作真正的主语。
[汉语翻译] 有了这些举措，相信漓江之美将得到保护并世代相传。
submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服 [submissive adj.服从的；顺从的；恭顺的 submission n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服]
[教材原句P28]According to the report submitted by researchers，between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests.
根据研究人员提交的报告，每年二氧化碳排放量的20%到25%是由对热带雨林的破坏造成的。
[北师大版]You just need to fill in and submit a registration form for a library card.
你只需要填写并提交一张图书证登记表。
submit sth to sb提交/呈递某物给某人 submit (oneself) to...顺从；屈服
(1)Your name，address and telephone number must be included in the submission(submit)．
(2)Even if I am stressed out and worn out，never will I submit myself to difficulties.
[写作佳句]
(3)(应用文写作之约稿)要求所有申请者在6月19日前提交文章。
It is demanded that all the applicants (should) submit the articles before June 19.
sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的(sense n．感官；意义；意识 vt.感觉到；察觉到sensible adj.明智的；合理的；可觉察到的)
[教材原句P29]Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic 为什么核能是一个敏感话题？
[外研版]He’s sensitive and rather serious，which sometimes makes him appear to be a little bookish.
他很敏感，也很严肃，有时会显得有点书呆子气。
·grow/be sensitive to对……敏感 ·a sense of...……感 make sense有道理；讲得通 make sense of理解
(读后续写之片段描写)她颤抖的手指描摹着饱经风霜的日记。随着她对微弱的路灯图案敏感，一种联系感出现了。破碎的记忆终于讲得通——她可以理解祖母的密码信息，脸上洋溢着满意的笑容。
Her trembling fingers traced the weathered journal entries.As she (1)grew/was sensitive to the faint streetlight patterns，(2)a sense of connection emerged.The broken memories finally (3)made sense—she could (4)make sense of Grandmother’s coded messages，with her face beaming with satisfaction.
tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许(tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的 intolerant adj.无法忍受的 tolerance n．容忍；忍受)
[教材原句P34]The villagers could no longer tolerate the situation.村民们再也不能忍受这种状况了。
[北师大版]He could no longer tolerate it.他实在是忍无可忍了。
tolerate (sb/sb’s) doing sth忍耐(某人)做某事 be tolerant of/towards sb/sth忍受、宽容某人/某事
(1)To create a harmonious atmosphere，we should treat those around us with tolerance(tolerate)．
(2)I can’t tolerate being disturbed(disturb) by others when I absorb myself in carrying out my project.
[写作佳句]
(3)(话题写作之人际关系)虽然他的身体有缺陷，但他所有的同学都不能容忍任何不公平，都把他当作一个普通的孩子。
While there was a disability in his body，all his classmates，who didn’t tolerate/wasn’t tolerant of any unfairness，looked on him as a regular kid.(定语从句)
[点津]　表“忍受”的词：tolerate/stand后只接动词-ing形式作宾语；bear/endure可接动词-ing和动词不定式两种形式作宾语。
with 复合结构
[教材原句P32]Water pollution levels increased，with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river.越来越多的生活和商业垃圾最终流入江中，加重了水污染程度。
[结构分析] 此句是简单句，with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river 是with复合结构，其中ending up in the river作宾补。
[教材原句P33]With such campaigns in effect，China’s waterways are heading towards a clean and sustainable future.随着这些运动的开展，中国的水路正在走向洁净、可持续的未来。
[结构分析] 此句是简单句，With such campaigns in effect是with复合结构，其中介词短语in effect作宾补。
with复合结构的构成是：with＋宾语＋宾补。此结构可作定语，也可作状语，表示伴随、方式、条件、原因等。其具体构成如下： ①with＋宾语＋介词短语/ adj./ adv. ②with＋宾语＋动词不定式(表示动作将要发生) ③with＋宾语＋现在分词(表示主动或动作正在进行) ④with＋宾语＋过去分词(表示被动或动作已经完成)
(1)(读后续写之动作描写)我一跃而起，冲上前，紧紧地抱住我的老师，眼睛里含着激动的泪水。
I sprang to my feet，rushed forward and hugged my teacher tightly，with tears of excitement in my eyes.
(2)(读后续写之焦虑心理描写)有太多的工作要做，我焦虑得在床上翻来覆去，无法入睡。
With too much work to do，I was so anxious that I tossed and turned on the bed，unable to fall asleep.
(3)(读后续写之喜悦心理描写)我的提议得到了这么多人的支持，我眉飞色舞，精神高涨。
With my proposal supported by so many people/With so many people supporting my proposal，my eyebrows danced and my spirits soared.
(4)(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)门开着，出于好奇，我蹑手蹑脚地走进房间，突然一个声音从我身后传来，吓得我魂飞魄散。
With the door open，I tiptoed into the room out of curiosity and a sudden voice behind me scared me out of my wits.
现在分词短语作结果状语
[教材原句P32]These chemicals led to severe water quality issues，causing a decrease in the number of fish species.这些化学物质造成了严重的水质问题，导致鱼的种类减少。
[结构分析] 此句是简单句，causing a decrease in the number of fish species是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示意料之中的结果。
·现在分词短语除了在句中作结果状语外，还可充当时间、条件、原因、伴随、方式以及让步状语等。 ·动词不定式通常放在only之后作结果状语，表示一种意料之外的结果。
(1)Little Tom quickened his steps to the stadium，only to be informed(inform) that the game had been put off.
[写作佳句]
(2)(话题写作之学校生活)小组学习室的课桌配备了现代化的电脑，使学生能够从互联网上获得有用的信息。
The desks in the Group Study Room are equipped with modern computers，enabling students to gain useful information from the Internet.
(3)(读后续写之片段描写)我和爸爸骑着马追逐一只可爱的兔子，完全不顾我们要去哪里。过了一会儿，我们抓住缰绳，让马停下来，却发现我们迷路了。觉察到我内心的焦虑，爸爸挤出一丝微笑，告诉我一切都会好起来的。
Riding our horses，my father and I chased a cute rabbit，completely ignoring where we were going.After a while，we grabbed the reins and stopped our horses，only to find that we were lost.Sensing my inner anxiety，my father forced a smile，telling me that everything would be OK.
Ⅰ.品句猜词
1．He had to pay a fine for going through a red light.n.罚金；罚款
2．We protested about the changes for a long time，but in the end we had to submit.vi.屈服
3．In her diary，she described her father as a sensitive and caring man. adj.善解人意的
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1．Our school has launched a campaign to call on all the teachers and students not to throw away garbage on campus.
2．Contrary to popular belief，moderate exercise keeps you dynamic and refreshes your spirits.
3．I was bathed in such a harmonious atmosphere that my inner loneliness melted away.
4．When he came to power，he got dozens of rules reformed(改革) straight away.
5．The new and promising policies have restored(恢复) my confidence in our country’s future.
6．He underwent some moral dilemmas and he was seized with a sense of sadness.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．My father made up his mind to quit tobacco and alcohol and he promised that he wouldn’t submit himself to whatever hardships he would come across.
2．With effective regulations implemented(implement)，the current situation got improved as had been expected.
3．The dentist who always absorbs himself in his work can’t tolerate wasting(waste) time.
4．She is quite sensitive to others’ comments and it’s no wonder that she is frequently stressed out.
5．I deliver speeches concerning sustainable development on behalf of my school，which makes me more responsible and hard-working.
6．Our English teacher will examine us in grammar tomorrow, making(make) us feel like sitting on pins and needles.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Being one of the most well-known scenic spots in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region，Li River 1.appeals(appeal) to millions of visitors every year.2.However，the river’s water quality has suffered 3.greatly(great) from increasing tourists，many of 4.whom threw rubbish into the river.Previously，many tour boats，a number of commercial and industrial 5.enterprises(enterprise) as well as the rising local population contributed to severe water quality issues,6.causing(cause) a sharp drop in the number of fish species.Fortunately，many effective measures have been taken 7.to restore(restore) the river’s 8.original(origin) beauty.9.It is believed that the beauty of the Li River will 10.be conserved(conserve) for generations to come.With the policy of “Water Ten Plan” and the “River Chief System” in effect，China’s waterways are heading towards a clean and sustainable future.
作业4
[分值：72.5分]
Ⅰ.短语填空(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
1．As is known to us all，burning fossil fuels has negative effects on(对……有消极的影响) our environment.
2．By adopting these scientific policies，he succeeded in dealing with(处理) the challenging issue.
3．She has been suffering from(遭受) the loss of memory since she had that car accident.
4．In the future dozens of newly-established disposal regulations will contribute to(促成) restoring the damaged environment.
5．If I am responsible for(对……负责) the activity，I will launch various campaigns to enhance students’ interest in building a low-carbon campus.
Ⅱ.主题微写作——环境保护(满分15分)
1．随着时间的推移，环境污染是整个世界面临的一个严重问题。(with复合结构)
With time going by/passing，environmental pollution is a serious problem that the whole world is faced with.
2．政府和人民一直在追求高速发展，这使得环境遭到了严重破坏。(which引导的非限制性定语从句)
The government and people have been pursuing high-speed development，which has made the environment destroyed severely.
3．例如，在过去几十年里我们一直在发展工业，造成了空气、水和土壤污染。(现在分词短语作结果状语)
For example，we have been developing industry in the past decades，contributing to air，water and soil pollution.
4．毫无疑问，我们永远不应该屈服于看似难以应对的挑战。(that引导的定语从句)
There is no doubt that never should we submit ourselves to the challenges that are seemingly difficult to deal with.
5．最重要的是，为了保护环境免受进一步污染，我们个人也应该承担起自己的责任。(不定式短语作目的状语)
Most importantly，to protect the environment from being further polluted，we individuals should also shoulder our own responsibility.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
A recent study found that there is convincing evidence that time in nature reduces depressive symptoms，decreases stress and improves cognitive function.More time in the green is associated with lower blood pressure，strengthened immune systems，alleviated risk of heart disease and improved sleep.
In a 2024 study，Maddock and his colleagues looked at outpatient mental health service usage，mostly for depression，anxiety or stress，across 1,169 zip codes in Texas.They found that rates of mental health service use were about 50 percent lower in neighborhoods with more greenery.In 2022 Jimenez and her colleagues published a paper in JAMA Open Network using data from the long-running Nurses’ Health Study Ⅱ to show that living in areas with more green space was associated with higher scores for overall cognition and for psychomotor speed and attention.This difference could be partly explained by fewer depressive symptoms.
There are several possible explanations for these findings.One theory holds that nature provides a short break from the mental fatigue of modern life and the built environment，thereby restoring attentional resources.A 2024 experiment that had nearly 100 participants offers support for the idea：the researchers found that a 40-minute walk in nature enhanced people’s ability to adjust higher-level cognitive functions—such as problem-solving and multitasking—more than a 40-minute walk in an urban environment did.
A second theory suggests that time spent in nature activates the parasympathetic(副交感的) nervous system，which reduces the body’s stress responses.Studies show reductions in cortisol(皮质醇) levels—part of those responses—after exposure to greenery.In addition，green space affects health indirectly because time outdoors encourages physical activity and offers chances for social connection，both of which improve mental and physical well-being.
Studies such as Jimenez’s and Maddock’s are aimed at policymakers more than individuals，but they remind us all of the importance of seeking out greenery wherever we live.And we should all try to heed the advice that Jimenez gives to her students：“I see how stressed they are，especially during exams，” she says.“I tell them，‘Go out for a walk.’”
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在自然环境中活动对身心健康的益处，包括降低抑郁症状、减轻压力、改善认知功能等，还探讨了相关的可能原因。
1．What does the underlined word “alleviated” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Increased. B．Eased.
C．Removed. D．Avoided.
答案　B
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，此处在讲多接触绿色环境对健康的好处，应该是降低心脏病风险，“alleviated”在此处意为“减轻了的”，与B项意思相近。故选B。
2．How did Maddock and his colleagues get their findings
A．By doing an experiment.
B．By referring to previous data.
C．By analyzing a field case.
D．By adapting observational method.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“In a 2024 study，Maddock and his colleagues looked at outpatient mental health service usage，mostly for depression，anxiety or stress，across 1,169 zip codes in Texas.”可知，Maddock和他的同事观察了得克萨斯州1169个邮政编码地区的门诊心理健康服务的使用情况，即他们是通过观察的方法获得研究结果的。故选D。
3．What does the 2024 experiment with 100 participants clarify
A．An escape to nature can be refreshing.
B．Nature offers inspiration for modern life.
C．A walk in nature benefits the environment.
D．City walk is equally important to nature walk.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“A 2024 experiment...an urban environment did.”可知，研究人员发现，在大自然中散步40分钟比在城市环境中散步40分钟更能增强人们调整更高层次认知功能的能力，即可推知本实验表明了走进大自然可以让人精神振奋。故选A。
4．Why does Jimenez ask her students to go out for a walk
A．To take exercise. B．To reduce pressure.
C．To become prepared. D．To seek advice.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“‘I see how stressed they are，especially during exams，’ she says.”可知，Jimenez 让学生出去散步是为了减轻他们的压力。故选B。
B(此篇精读)
The summer reading season is here.Some people will opt for① paperbacks because they’re easy to borrow and share.Others will go for② e-readers.But which is the more environmentally sustainable option
According to 2023 data from the literary industry research group WordsRated，when it comes to pulp(纸浆) and paper，print book publishing is the world’s third-largest industrial greenhouse gas producer，and 32 million trees are cut down each year in the United States to make paper for books.
So many publishers are switching to on-demand③ printing，or，like Chronicle Books，are reducing their initial print runs to see how well the titles sell before they print more.“We felt that it was better to have a higher cost and have less waste，” said Chronicle Books president，Tyrrell Mahoney.
Publishers are also rethinking book design.It might be a surprise，but certain fonts(字体) can be more climate-friendly by using less ink and less paper.
Digital reading seems to have a considerable④ eco-advantage over print because it is paperless，so it saves trees，pulping and shipping.Moreover，tech companies that make e-readers and the market-leading Kindle e-reader offer recycling programs for old devices.
“By choosing e-books as an alternative to print，Kindle readers helped save an estimated 2.3 million metric tons of carbon emissions over a two-year period，” said Corey Badcock，head of Kindle product and marketing.
But digital devices also come with a substantial carbon footprint，mainly at the producing stage.Their cases are made with fossil-fuel-derived plastics and the minerals in their batteries require resource-heavy mining.
Berners-Lee，the author of The Carbon Footprint of Everything，said the average e-reader has a carbon footprint of around 80 pounds.“This means that I’ve got to read about 36 small paperback books—worth on it before you break even，” he said.
“If you buy an e-reader and you read loads and loads of books on it，then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do，” Berners-Lee said.“But if I buy it，read a couple of books，and decide that I prefer paperback books，then it’s the worst of all worlds.”
5．Why are publishers switching to on-demand printing
A．To further reduce costs.
B．To increase market sales.
C．To make books more durable.
D．To be more environmentally friendly.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，印刷图书出版业是世界第三大温室气体排放行业，美国每年有3 200万棵树被砍伐以制造书籍的纸张。所以，出版商转向按需印刷是因为这样更环保。故选D。
6．What is the author’s attitude towards digital devices’ carbon footprint
A．Optimistic. B．Dismissive.
C．Objective. D．Defensive.
答案　C
解析　观点态度题。根据第六段中“By choosing e-books as an alternative to print，Kindle readers helped save an estimated 2.3 million metric tons of carbon emissions over a two-year period(通过选择电子书代替纸质书，Kindle阅读器在两年的时间里减少了230万吨的碳排放)”和第七段中“But digital devices also come with a substantial carbon footprint，mainly at the producing stage.(但数字设备也会产生大量的碳足迹，主要是在生产阶段。)”可知，作者客观陈述了数字设备的碳足迹。故选C。
7．What can we say about the carbon footprint of reading according to Berners-Lee
A．Heavy e-readers will have a lower carbon footprint.
B．Paperback readers contribute less to carbon emissions.
C．The carbon footprint of reading is unworthy of attention.
D．There’s no way to measure the carbon footprint of e-readers.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If you buy an e-reader and you read loads and loads of books on it，then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do”可知，用电子阅读器阅读大量的书能够减少碳足迹，由此可推知容量大的电子阅读器的碳足迹较低。故选A。
8．What is the best title for the text
A．An Eco-debate：Is My E-reader Really Greener
B．The Decline of Paper：a Look at Modern Publishing
C．The Future of Reading：E-ink Technology Advances
D．What’s Better for the Climate：a Paper Book or an E-reader
答案　D
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第一段中“Some people will opt for paperbacks...Others will go for e-readers.But which is the more environmentally sustainable option？”可知，本文主要谈论了纸质书和电子阅读器哪个更环保。D项“什么对气候更好：纸质书还是电子阅读器？”符合主旨，适合作为标题，故选D。
[语境猜词]
①opt for选择
②go for选择，喜欢
③on-demand adj.按需的
④considerable adj.相当大的；相当重要的
[句式分析]
So many publishers are switching to on-demand printing，or，like Chronicle Books，are reducing their initial print runs to see how well the titles sell before they print more.
分析：此句为复合句。how引导宾语从句，在从句中充当状语；before引导时间状语从句。
翻译：许多出版商正在转向按需印刷，或者像编年史出版社那样，减少其首次印刷量，以便在加印之前先看看这些书的销售情况如何。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Although you can’t control what packaging other people use，you can make choices about what you order.Here are tips for reducing the environmental impact caused by consumption.
1 A great way to minimize packaging at home is to avoid impulse(冲动) shopping，which usually results in lots of packages being sent to your door.One way to avoid this is to make a list of items you need throughout the week or month. 2 That way，all your items can be shipped at one time and in one box.
Shop locally and second-hand.Buying locally and transporting goods with a reusable bag means removing any extra packaging arriving in your home. 3 You can search for things you want that other people no longer need on social media，and help keep items from ending up in landfills.
Choose durable(耐用的) goods. 4 One package arriving at your house is much more eco-friendly than the multiple packages required when you buy something made from cheap materials that can only be used once or will easily break and then need to be replaced.
Consider versatility(多功能性)．Buying products that can be used in a variety of ways can also reduce the amount of packaging.For example，a bag that can be used as a laptop carrier for work and a day pack for urban or outdoor exploring requires only one purchase. 5
A．Buy expensive things.
B．Plan ahead for shopping.
C．You can choose brands that use eco-friendly materials.
D．Buying used things is even better for the environment.
E．You can also try online shopping in one place if possible.
F．Purchase things that are built to last if you must buy something new.
G．And a bonus is that such items save you money and space in your home.
1．答案　B
解析　根据后文“One way to avoid this is to make a list of items you need throughout the week or month.”可知，本段建议列出本周或本月的购物清单，即做好购物计划。故B选项“提前计划购物”符合语境，可作为主旨句，故选B。
2．答案　E
解析　根据后文“That way，all your items can be shipped at one time and in one box.”可知，空格处应提到可以让所有的物品在同一时间或在一个盒子里运到的方法。故E选项“如果可能的话，你也可以尝试在一个地方网购”符合语境，与下文构成因果关系，故选E。
3．答案　D
解析　本段建议在当地购买或者买二手物品，空前一句介绍了在当地购物的好处，后文提到了搜索别人不再需要的东西，由此推测本句是在建议购买二手物品。故D选项“购买二手物品对环境更有利”承上启下，符合语境，故选D。
4．答案　F
解析　根据上文“Choose durable(耐用的) goods.”以及后文“One package arriving at your house is much more eco-friendly than...then need to be replaced.”可知，本段的建议是购买耐用的商品，后文给出了理由，故F选项“如果你一定要买新东西，就买耐用的东西”符合语境，故选F。
5．答案　G
解析　根据上文“Consider versatility(多功能性)．..requires only one purchase.”可知，本句作为本段最后一句应承接上文，补充说明购买多功能性商品的好处。故G选项“还有一个好处就是这些东西可以节省你的钱和家里的空间”符合语境，故选G。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
With seasonal temperatures breaking records almost every year in the US，tree species 1._________(expect) to adapt to the changes by slowly shifting their population centers northward.But 2. recent survey shows the trend towards westward movement is even 3.___________(strong) than expected—in some cases，species have shifted their ranges to west by as much as 73 percent.
The survey shows that roughly three-quarters of the 86 tree species 4. (survey) have shifted their population centers westward 5. 1980.
Obviously，trees aren’t uprooting 6. (them) and moving elsewhere.The survey provides insight into general population trends as young trees continue to take root in westward land，while some of the older 7. (plant) of the species in the eastern areas are slowly dying out.In this way，the center of a species’ range can gradually shift over time.
Though scientists aren’t sure 8. is causing this change，the publishers of the study think that it’s connected to rainfall.Rainfall totals across the United States have changed，9.___________(cause) areas such as the Southeast to experience significantly less rain annually，while the Great Plains is getting far more than its historical average.For this reason，most trees are moving towards the 10. (increasing) watery plains.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了调查显示美国大多数的树种向西迁移，一项研究认为这种变化可能与降雨有关。
1．答案　are expected
解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。结合语境可知，此处用一般现在时；本句中主语与谓语动词之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。主语tree species是复数，故填are expected。
2．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。分析语境可知，此处泛指一项调查，且recent发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
3．答案　stronger
解析　考查形容词的比较级。根据than可知，要用比较级，故填stronger。
4．答案　surveyed
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处应用非谓语动词形式，tree species与survey之间是被动关系，所以要用过去分词surveyed作后置定语。
5．答案　since
解析　考查连词。此处谓语用了现在完成时，故应用“since(自从)＋过去的时间”作时间状语。故填since。
6．答案　themselves
解析　考查反身代词。分析语境可知，树木不会自己连根拔起搬到别处去，故填themselves。
7．答案　plants
解析　考查名词复数。根据some of the older...可知，应该用名词的复数。故填plants。
8．答案　what
解析　考查名词性从句。be sure后面可跟how，whether，what等引导的从句，此处从句中缺少主语，且意为“什么”，故填what。
9．答案　causing
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处应用非谓语动词形式，此处用现在分词作状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填causing。
10．答案　increasingly
解析　考查副词。修饰形容词watery，要用副词increasingly作状语。

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