资源简介

(共65张PPT)
Period 2
Learning About Language
Adversity and courage
Unit 4
内容索引
情境导读
语法精讲
作业2
达标检测
情境导读
阅读以下短文，感知加颜色的部分并完成练习
David ①has been looking forward to working in China，so he ②has been learning Chinese in the past two years.Until now he ③has mastered about 1,000 Chinese words and can communicate with Chinese people in simple Chinese.Besides，his parents ④have bought him some Chinese storybooks and he ⑤has finished reading two of them.
①②使用了_______________，其构成为_________________________，表示从过去某时起一直持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作。③④⑤使用了___________，其构成为___________________。
现在完成进行时
have/has＋been＋现在分词
现在完成时
have/has＋过去分词
返 回
语法精讲
现在完成进行时
一、概念及各种形式
概念 表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能还要继续进行下去。
肯定形式 have/has been doing(第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have) I have been waiting for you here.
He has been looking forward to receiving your letter.
否定形式 have/has not been doing He has not been giving enough attention to the safety of production.
一般疑问句 Have/Has ＋主语＋been ＋doing？ Have you been making every effort to prepare for the exam？
特殊疑问句 疑问词＋have/has ＋主语＋been ＋doing？ What has he been preparing for
[即时训练1]　句式转换
The tobacco industry has been trying to improve its image.
①(变为一般疑问句) ____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
②(变为否定句) ________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Has the tobacco industry been trying to improve its image
The tobacco industry has not been trying to improve its image.
二、用法
1.现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在，且有可能还在继续。这个时态多用于延续性动词，如live，learn，lie，stay，sit，wait，stand，rest，study等，并常和all this week，this month，all night，all the morning等时间状语以及since或for引导的时间状语连用(与since或for连用时，动作常会继续下去)。
I have been waiting for an hour and he still hasn’t turned up.
我已经等了一个小时了，可他还没来。
I’ve been writing letters all this morning.
整个上午我一直在写信。
How long have you been living here
你在这里住了多久了？
2.有时现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。这时现在完成进行时可用于瞬间动词。
He’s been shaving since last year.
他从去年开始就一直刮脸。
You have been saying for a year that you will study abroad.
整整一年你都在说要出国学习。
3.现在完成进行时中时间状语的省略
现在完成进行时在上下文清楚时亦可不用时间状语。这种现在完成进行时多指“刚才”或“近来”发生的动作，一般不再继续，并往往含有一种直接的结果。
You’ve been working too hard.
你工作太辛苦了。(直接结果可能是你一定很累了)
You’ve been smoking again.
你又抽烟了。(暗含结果是你身上有烟味)
4.现在完成进行时的感彩
现在完成进行时和其他进行时态一样，也可以带有感彩。
I have been wanting to meet you for a long time.
和你见面是我盼望已久的事。
Too much has been happening today.
今天发生太多事了。
[即时训练2]　完成句子
①我知道这些年你一直为此而努力，而且我确信你的努力最终会有回报的。
I know you _____________________________ all these years and I am greatly convinced that your efforts will finally pay off.
②她的眼睛红红的，显然她哭了很长时间。
Her eyes are red and it’s apparent that she __________________________.
have been working hard for this
has been crying for a long time
三、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别
现在完成进行时 现在完成时
强调过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果 √
强调动作的延续性 √
强调动作重复 √
表达生动，含有感彩 √
说明一个事实、一种影响或结果 √
The libraries have been transforming themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge，meet interesting people，or find out how to start a business.(尚未完成)
这些图书馆正在将自己转变为可以培养你对知识的热爱、结识有趣的人或者了解如何创业的地方。
The libraries have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge，meet interesting people，or find out how to start a business.(已经完成)
这些图书馆已经将自己转变为可以培养你对知识的热爱、结识有趣的人或者了解如何创业的地方。
The style of farming has been changing since the rise of science.(强调动作)
自从科学兴起以来，耕作方式一直在改变。
The style of farming has changed since the rise of science.(强调结果)
自从科学兴起以来，耕作方式已经发生了变化。
She has always been working like that.(具有感彩——表示赞许)
她一贯是那样工作的。
All who participated have gained a positive outcome from getting involved.(说明一种结果)
所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。
[即时训练3]　单句语法填空
①While many measures _______________(take)，the world’s economy is still going down.
②The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he _________________
(play) in the mud all the morning.
③By the time he realises he ___________(walk) into a trap，it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it.
have been taken
has been playing
has walked
返 回
达标检测
Since the winter holiday two years ago，we 1._________________ (study) hard for the college entrance exam.Two English books 2.________
____________(finish) and more than 600 words 3.____________________ (memorize).We 4.__________________(look) forward to entering a key university.We 5.____________(make) adequate preparations.The day we 6.__________________(expect) is approaching.How I wish to be admitted to my dream university！
have been studying
用所给动词的适当形式填空
have
been finished
have been memorized
have been looking
have made
have been expecting
返 回
作业2
1.你的衣服满是灰尘，我想你刚才一直在打扫教室吧。
Your clothes are covered with dust.You _____________________________ just now，I think.
2.你看起来又瘦又累，你近来工作一定很辛苦吧。
You look thin and tired.You must ___________________ too hard recently.
3.我最近一直在从报纸上看有关招聘的信息。
I __________________ the information about recruitment from the newspaper recently.
Ⅰ.完成句子
have been cleaning the classroom
have been working
have been reading
4.因为已经采取了许多有效措施，环境已经被极大地改善了。
Because many effective measures have been taken，__________________
___________________.
5.据他说，他整个早上都在写论文。
According to him，_________________________________________.
6.你的脸颊上有泪水。你是不是一直在哭？
There are tears on your cheeks.________________________________
the environment has
been improved a lot
he has been writing the paper all the morning
Have you been crying all the time
A
A woman in Brazil kept awake during brain surgery moved doctors to tears when she began to sing a song she wrote herself.And the moment is unlike anything we’ve seen before!
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一名巴西妇女Maria Filomena da Costa在脑手术过程中保持清醒，并唱起自己写的歌曲，这一举动不仅让医生们确信她的语言能力不会受到影响，还深深打动了整个医疗团队，展现了她的勇气和乐观态度。
Ⅱ.主题语篇阅读
Doctors diagnosed(诊断) 45-year-old Maria Filomena da Costa with a brain tumor(肿瘤).It needed to be removed，but the location of the mass made things tricky.Removing the tumor without impacting Maria’s speech and cognition wouldn’t be easy.As a result，doctors determined Maria would need to be kept awake during the brain surgery! “There was a big risk Maria would lose her speech and it was important that she talked to the team during the surgery，” neurosurgeon Carlos Rocha explained.
Brain surgery is scary enough.But needless to say，this particular operation was terrifying.And Maria admits she found the idea of surgeons working on her brain while she was awake was frightening.So，the team delayed the operation until Maria was psychologically prepared for everything involved.
When it came time to operate，doctors used anesthesia to keep Maria “slightly sleepy，” but still able to speak and respond.The team planned to quiz her on colors，names，etc.“We had prearranged to do speech mapping with electrical stimuli(刺激物) to the brain and tests during surgery asking her to name objects and colors，read and talk，” Carlos said.But Maria surprised everyone when she started singing a song written by herself as doctors began removing the tumor!
Maria’s actions completely stunned the doctors.Not only did it provide guarantee for the doctors that Maria’s speech would be just fine，but it moved the team in a powerful way.“There were a number of professionals involved in this procedure and it was an emotional experience.Everyone couldn’t stop talking about her courage，” anesthesiologist Paula Fialho said.The 8-hour surgery went well，and within only 4 days，Maria headed home from the hospital.She’s walking，talking，and is well on her way to a full recovery!
1.What can we learn about the brain tumor in paragraph 2
A.It put the doctors at risk.
B.It kept the patients awake.
C.It was diagnosed 45 years ago.
D.It was at a position hard to tackle.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中“It needed to be removed，but the location of the mass made things tricky.”可知，肿瘤位于一个难以处理的位置。故选D。
解析
2.Why did the doctors postpone the operation
A.Maria needed enough mental preparation.
B.Maria demanded a better surgery plan.
C.Maria longed to have more speech practice.
D.Maria was too scared to accept it completely.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中“So，the team delayed the operation until Maria was psychologically prepared for everything involved.”可知，医生推迟手术是因为Maria需要充分的心理准备。故选A。
解析
3.How did the doctors make Maria safe and sound during the operation
A.They asked her to sing.
B.They gave her a careful test.
C.They used anesthesia to make her sleep.
D.They helped her react to something by speaking.
√
细节理解题。根据第四段中“We had prearranged to do speech mapping with electrical stimuli(刺激物) to the brain and tests during surgery asking her to name objects and colors，read and talk”可知，在手术过程中，医生是通过说话帮助Maria对某事作出反应使之安然无恙的。故选D。
解析
4.Which of the following best describes Maria
A.Enthusiastic and ambitious.
B.Professional and emotional.
C.Optimistic and courageous.
D.Cooperative and generous.
√
推理判断题。根据倒数第二、三段以及最后一段中“Everyone couldn’t stop talking about her courage”可知，尽管手术本身非常可怕，Maria还是接受了手术，并且在手术过程中通过唱歌来激励自己和医生。她的行动不仅让医生们确信她的语言能力不会受到影响，还深深地打动了整个医疗团队。因此，Maria是乐观和勇敢的。故选C。
解析
B(此篇精读)
The view from the top was breathtaking.It was 2023 and I had just climbed the Hvannadals Peak in Iceland，almost seven years after becoming paralyzed① from the chest down after a climbing fall.My two teammates and I were on our way to becoming the first all-disabled team to cross Europe’s largest ice cap，the mighty② Vatnaj kull glacier，unsupported and unassisted.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作为在攀岩坠落后胸部以下瘫痪的登山爱好者，作者与两位同样身有残疾的队友挑战欧洲最大冰盖——瓦特纳冰川的壮举。
A year before，when Niall McCann first suggested making the 100-mile trip，I was excited by the prospect of returning to this lost world of crevasses(冰裂缝)，mountains and ice，but upset and anxious about whether I’d struggle.Back then，I still would have given anything for my legs to work and to be able to walk again.But I was eager for adventure and signed on to do the trip with McCann，who had broken his back when paragliding(滑翔伞运动)，and Ed Jackson，a former professional rugby player who had broken his neck in 2017.
This was going to be the toughest challenge of my life.And yet，with each drive of my poles into the snow，I pushed myself further from civilization—and closer to the man I’d once been.
My mind drifted③ to the last time I was on a mountain before my accident，climbing Monte Rosa in the Italian Alps and feeling the addictive mixture of excitement and trepidation.Those same emotions returned as we battled through powerful storms and hidden crevasses before we reached the ice cap’s highest point.
I was at the top when I was hit by an unexpected wave of emotion.I realized that，despite all that I had been through—all the challenges and setbacks I had faced—if someone asked me if I wanted my legs back，I would have said no.That moment affected every aspect of my life and the way I perceived my disability.No longer did I consider myself disabled or injured，because，if I could reach the summit of a remote ice cap，I could overcome the frustrations and setbacks of day-to-day life with resilience and persistence.Yes，I do still have a life-changing injury—but，for me，it’s been for the better.
5.What can you know about the team
A.It got assistance from an organization.
B.Its members all had a form of disability.
C.It followed the steps of a similar previous team.
D.It consisted of people paralyzed down the chest.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段中“My two teammates and...unsupported and unassisted.”以及第二段中“But I was eager for...his neck in 2017.”可知，这支队伍的成员都有某种形式的残疾。故选B。
解析
6.What might have really caused the writer to hesitate about the trip
A.His paralyzed legs.
B.Fear of potential danger.
C.The lost world of ice.
D.Lack of proper equipment.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段的“A year before...but upset and anxious about whether I’d struggle.Back then，I still...to walk again.”可知，由于作者胸部以下瘫痪，所以作者感到焦虑，对这次旅行犹豫不决。故选A。
解析
7.What does the underlined word “trepidation” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Fear. B.Bravery.
C.Happiness. D.Disappointment.
词义猜测题。根据第四段“My mind drifted...ice cap’s highest point.”可知，作者想到自己事故发生前最后一次在山上的感受，作者经历强大的风暴和隐藏的裂缝时，产生了同样的情绪，由此推测作者的感受是既兴奋又恐惧的，画线单词“trepidation”意为“恐惧”，与fear意义相近。故选A。
解析
√
8.What did the writer think of his injury after he made it to the top
A.It left him nothing but all setbacks.
B.It caused his unexpected bad emotion.
C.He wouldn’t know his potential otherwise.
D.He was tortured by the frustrations it caused.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“That moment affected...resilience and persistence.”可知，登上顶峰后，作者意识到如果不是因为这次受伤，自己就不会认识到自己能够以韧性及坚持克服日常生活中的挫折。故选C。
解析
①paralyzed adj. 　 _______
②mighty adj. 　　 ___________________________
③drift vi. ___________________________________
语境猜词
瘫痪的
强而有力的；巨大的，非凡的
漂移，漂流；缓缓移动；不知不觉发生
A year before，when Niall McCann first suggested making the 100-mile trip，I was excited by the prospect of returning to this lost world of crevasses，mountains and ice，but upset and anxious about whether I’d struggle.
分析：此句为_____句。when引导_________从句；whether引导_____从句，在从句中不充当成分，意为“_____”。
翻译：_________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
句式分析
复合
时间状语
宾语
是否
一年前，当尼尔·麦肯首次提议进行这次100英里的行程时，我为能重返这个充满裂缝、山脉和冰川的失落的世界而兴奋不已，但又因担心自己会举步维艰而心烦意乱、焦虑不安。
Adversity(逆境) is a suffering or a bad situation which most of us will face at some point during our lifetime.Here are ideas you can use to deal with adversity and overcome it.
Look to hardships you’ve overcome for motivation.You’ve overcome hardships before and you can do it again.Think about a specific struggle in the past.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了克服逆境的策略。
Ⅲ.七选五阅读
How did you do it？What got you through it？ 1 That way，you can face any new adversity that comes your way.
A.Adversity can be a great teacher.
B.Push forward through adversity and never quit.
C.Don’t worry about negative thoughts or anxieties.
D.Use your past experiences to help boost your inner strength.
E.When you are in a difficult situation，keep your goals in mind.
F.Finding the humor in tough situations will make them less stressful.
G.They’ll be the ones who will be there for you to build you up and
support you.
√
设空处前文“Look to hardships...you through it？”讲述从你经历过的困难中寻找动力，想想自己是怎么克服困难的，因此推断D项“用你过去的经历来增强你内心的力量。”符合语境，选项中的past experiences与本段主旨一致。故选D。
解析
2 Sure，it might seem difficult to find something funny in a difficult situation.But laughing can help you cope with stress and train your brain to be more positive.All of the benefits of having a good sense of humor can help you overcome adversity.
A.Adversity can be a great teacher.
B.Push forward through adversity and never quit.
C.Don’t worry about negative thoughts or anxieties.
D.Use your past experiences to help boost your inner strength.
E.When you are in a difficult situation，keep your goals in mind.
F.Finding the humor in tough situations will make them less stressful.
G.They’ll be the ones who will be there for you to build you up and support you.
√
空处为段落主旨句，设空处后文“Sure，it might...you overcome adversity.”讲述在困难的情况下，寻找快乐的事情，笑可以让大脑更积极，良好的幽默感可以帮助你克服逆境，因此推断F项“在困难的情况下找到幽默会让它们不那么充满压力。”符合本段主旨，故选F。
解析
Use adversity to learn and improve yourself.It’s often through difficult times that we learn the most. 3 If you’re dealing with a problem that’s a result of a mistake you made，think about how you can avoid making the same mistake again.Use failure as a chance to look at your planning，preparation，and execution(执行).
A.Adversity can be a great teacher.
B.Push forward through adversity and never quit.
C.Don’t worry about negative thoughts or anxieties.
D.Use your past experiences to help boost your inner strength.
E.When you are in a difficult situation，keep your goals in mind.
F.Finding the humor in tough situations will make them less stressful.
G.They’ll be the ones who will be there for you to build you up and support you.
√
设空处前文“Use adversity to learn and improve yourself.It’s often through difficult times that we learn the most.”讲述逆境会让我们学到的更多从而提高自己，设空处后文“If you’re dealing...planning，preparation，and execution(执行).”讲述如何从错误中学习，因此推断A项“逆境可以是最好的老师。”符合语境，承上启下。故选A。
解析
Your friends can give you a boost when you’re struggling. 4 Be selective with the people you let go into your life and choose positive people who accept your faults and will keep pushing you.Stick with friends who care about you and your dreams.
A.Adversity can be a great teacher.
B.Push forward through adversity and never quit.
C.Don’t worry about negative thoughts or anxieties.
D.Use your past experiences to help boost your inner strength.
E.When you are in a difficult situation，keep your goals in mind.
F.Finding the humor in tough situations will make them less stressful.
G.They’ll be the ones who will be there for you to build you up and support you.
√
设空处前文“Your friends can give you a boost when you’re struggling.”说明本段讲述朋友的帮助可以有助于你克服逆境，因此推断G项“他们会在你身边，帮助你成长，支持你。”符合语境，呼应主题，故选G。
解析
Commit to finding a way to push through a crisis.When you’re faced with a problem，refuse to give in or accept defeat.Instead，approach the problem with determination and devote yourself to overcoming it. 5
A.Adversity can be a great teacher.
B.Push forward through adversity and never quit.
C.Don’t worry about negative thoughts or anxieties.
D.Use your past experiences to help boost your inner strength.
E.When you are in a difficult situation，keep your goals in mind.
F.Finding the humor in tough situations will make them less stressful.
G.They’ll be the ones who will be there for you to build you up and support you.
√
前文“Commit to finding a way to push through a crisis.When you’re faced with a problem，refuse to give in or accept defeat.Instead，approach the problem with determination and devote yourself to overcoming it.”讲述要努力找到办法解决问题，不要屈服和接受失败，因此推断B项“在逆境中勇往直前，永不放弃。”符合语境，总结前文。故选B。
解析
In a classroom filled with eager students，the lecture on exercise and nutrition is in full swing.Meanwhile，on the sports field，students are jogging，
语篇解读　本文为说明文。文章描述了北京大学开设的一门关于运动与营养的课程，详细说明了课程特点、效果以及学生参与后的积极改变。
Ⅳ.语法填空
and in the cafeteria，teachers guide students on healthy diet.This is not just any ordinary class at Peking University，but a groundbreaking course 1. (title) “Physical Fitness Enhancement: Exercise and Diet”，2. has become the talk of the town among students as the ultimate “weight loss miracle class”.
titled
which
1.考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，本空用非谓语动词作后置定语，且a groundbreaking course与动词title之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词。故填titled。
2.考查定语从句。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a groundbreaking course，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
解析
Unlike traditional physical education classes，the course aims to teach students how to achieve weight loss goals in 3.___ scientific and healthy manner.It 4.________________(run) for two years，and has 5.______(true) helped one-third of the students lose over 5 percent of their body weight.
a
has been running
truly
3.考查冠词。manner“方式”为可数名词，此处泛指“一种科学和健康的方式”，且scientific的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
4.考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据for two years可知，run“运行”这个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并且可能还会继续下去，应用现在完成进行时，主语It为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been running。
5.考查副词。本空用副词truly“真正地”，修饰动词helped，作状语。故填truly。
解析
Hou Xiaoyang，who entered Beijing University in 2023 weighing 220 pounds with a BMI of 32，6. (classify) as obese.After completing the weight loss course for one semester，he managed to shed 33 pounds,7. (become) the current record holder for weight loss in the class.
was classified
becoming
6.考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。本空作谓语，根据in 2023可知，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，且主语Hou Xiaoyang与classify“归类”之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was classified。
7.考查非谓语动词。本句谓语为managed，本空用非谓语动词，he与become之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词becoming，作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填becoming。
解析
The course has received high 8. (recognize) from quite a lot of students，with many describing it as “progressive and systematic”.
recognition
考查名词。本空用名词recognition“认可”，为不可数名词，作received的宾语。故填recognition。
解析
By integrating a balanced diet and regular exercise 9. their daily routine，students are not only losing weight but also gaining more confidence and adopting 10. (wise) lifestyle choices.
into
9.考查介词。短语integrate...into...“将……融入……之中”符合句意。故填into。
10.考查形容词比较级。本空用形容词比较级wiser“更明智的”作定语，修饰名词短语lifestyle choices，与前面的more confidence并列，强调减肥课程带来的积极变化。故填wiser。
解析
返 回
wiser
本课结束Period 2　Learning About Language
阅读以下短文，感知加黑的部分并完成练习
David ①has been looking forward to working in China，so he ②has been learning Chinese in the past two years.Until now he ③has mastered about 1,000 Chinese words and can communicate with Chinese people in simple Chinese.Besides，his parents ④have bought him some Chinese storybooks and he ⑤has finished reading two of them.
①②使用了现在完成进行时，其构成为have/has＋been＋现在分词，表示从过去某时起一直持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作。③④⑤使用了现在完成时，其构成为have/has＋过去分词。
现在完成进行时
一、概念及各种形式
概念 表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能还要继续进行下去。
肯定形式 have/has been doing(第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have) I have been waiting for you here. He has been looking forward to receiving your letter.
否定形式 have/has not been doing He has not been giving enough attention to the safety of production.
一般疑问句 Have/Has ＋主语＋been ＋doing？ Have you been making every effort to prepare for the exam？
特殊疑问句 疑问词＋have/has ＋主语＋been ＋doing？ What has he been preparing for
[即时训练1]　句式转换
The tobacco industry has been trying to improve its image.
①(变为一般疑问句) Has the tobacco industry been trying to improve its image
②(变为否定句) The tobacco industry has not been trying to improve its image.
二、用法
1．现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在，且有可能还在继续。这个时态多用于延续性动词，如live，learn，lie，stay，sit，wait，stand，rest，study等，并常和all this week，this month，all night，all the morning等时间状语以及since或for引导的时间状语连用(与since或for连用时，动作常会继续下去)。
I have been waiting for an hour and he still hasn’t turned up.
我已经等了一个小时了，可他还没来。
I’ve been writing letters all this morning.
整个上午我一直在写信。
How long have you been living here
你在这里住了多久了？
2．有时现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。这时现在完成进行时可用于瞬间动词。
He’s been shaving since last year.
他从去年开始就一直刮脸。
You have been saying for a year that you will study abroad.
整整一年你都在说要出国学习。
3．现在完成进行时中时间状语的省略
现在完成进行时在上下文清楚时亦可不用时间状语。这种现在完成进行时多指“刚才”或“近来”发生的动作，一般不再继续，并往往含有一种直接的结果。
You’ve been working too hard.
你工作太辛苦了。(直接结果可能是你一定很累了)
You’ve been smoking again.
你又抽烟了。(暗含结果是你身上有烟味)
4．现在完成进行时的感彩
现在完成进行时和其他进行时态一样，也可以带有感彩。
I have been wanting to meet you for a long time.
和你见面是我盼望已久的事。
Too much has been happening today.
今天发生太多事了。
[即时训练2]　完成句子
①我知道这些年你一直为此而努力，而且我确信你的努力最终会有回报的。
I know you have been working hard for this all these years and I am greatly convinced that your efforts will finally pay off.
②她的眼睛红红的，显然她哭了很长时间。
Her eyes are red and it’s apparent that she has been crying for a long time.
三、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别
现在完成进行时 现在完成时
强调过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果 √
强调动作的延续性 √
强调动作重复 √
表达生动，含有感彩 √
说明一个事实、一种影响或结果 √
The libraries have been transforming themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge，meet interesting people，or find out how to start a business.(尚未完成)
这些图书馆正在将自己转变为可以培养你对知识的热爱、结识有趣的人或者了解如何创业的地方。
The libraries have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge，meet interesting people，or find out how to start a business.(已经完成)
这些图书馆已经将自己转变为可以培养你对知识的热爱、结识有趣的人或者了解如何创业的地方。
The style of farming has been changing since the rise of science.(强调动作)
自从科学兴起以来，耕作方式一直在改变。
The style of farming has changed since the rise of science.(强调结果)
自从科学兴起以来，耕作方式已经发生了变化。
She has always been working like that.(具有感彩——表示赞许)
她一贯是那样工作的。
All who participated have gained a positive outcome from getting involved.(说明一种结果)
所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。[即时训练3]　单句语法填空
①While many measures have been taken(take)，the world’s economy is still going down.
②The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he has been playing(play) in the mud all the morning.
③By the time he realises he has walked(walk) into a trap，it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it.
用所给动词的适当形式填空
Since the winter holiday two years ago，we 1.have been studying(study) hard for the college entrance exam.Two English books 2.have been finished(finish) and more than 600 words 3.have been memorized(memorize)．We 4.have been looking(look) forward to entering a key university.We 5.have made(make) adequate preparations.The day we 6.have been expecting(expect) is approaching.How I wish to be admitted to my dream university！
作业2
[分值：65.5分]
Ⅰ.完成句子(共6小题；每小题3分，满分18分)
1．你的衣服满是灰尘，我想你刚才一直在打扫教室吧。
Your clothes are covered with dust.You have been cleaning the classroom just now，I think.
2．你看起来又瘦又累，你近来工作一定很辛苦吧。
You look thin and tired.You must have been working too hard recently.
3．我最近一直在从报纸上看有关招聘的信息。
I have been reading the information about recruitment from the newspaper recently.
4．因为已经采取了许多有效措施，环境已经被极大地改善了。
Because many effective measures have been taken，the environment has been improved a lot.
5．据他说，他整个早上都在写论文。
According to him，he has been writing the paper all the morning.
6．你的脸颊上有泪水。你是不是一直在哭？
There are tears on your cheeks.Have you been crying all the time
Ⅱ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
A woman in Brazil kept awake during brain surgery moved doctors to tears when she began to sing a song she wrote herself.And the moment is unlike anything we’ve seen before!
Doctors diagnosed(诊断) 45-year-old Maria Filomena da Costa with a brain tumor(肿瘤)．It needed to be removed，but the location of the mass made things tricky.Removing the tumor without impacting Maria’s speech and cognition wouldn’t be easy.As a result，doctors determined Maria would need to be kept awake during the brain surgery! “There was a big risk Maria would lose her speech and it was important that she talked to the team during the surgery，” neurosurgeon Carlos Rocha explained.
Brain surgery is scary enough.But needless to say，this particular operation was terrifying.And Maria admits she found the idea of surgeons working on her brain while she was awake was frightening.So，the team delayed the operation until Maria was psychologically prepared for everything involved.
When it came time to operate，doctors used anesthesia to keep Maria “slightly sleepy，” but still able to speak and respond.The team planned to quiz her on colors，names，etc.“We had prearranged to do speech mapping with electrical stimuli(刺激物) to the brain and tests during surgery asking her to name objects and colors，read and talk，” Carlos said.But Maria surprised everyone when she started singing a song written by herself as doctors began removing the tumor!
Maria’s actions completely stunned the doctors.Not only did it provide guarantee for the doctors that Maria’s speech would be just fine，but it moved the team in a powerful way.“There were a number of professionals involved in this procedure and it was an emotional experience.Everyone couldn’t stop talking about her courage，” anesthesiologist Paula Fialho said.The 8-hour surgery went well，and within only 4 days，Maria headed home from the hospital.She’s walking，talking，and is well on her way to a full recovery!
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一名巴西妇女Maria Filomena da Costa在脑手术过程中保持清醒，并唱起自己写的歌曲，这一举动不仅让医生们确信她的语言能力不会受到影响，还深深打动了整个医疗团队，展现了她的勇气和乐观态度。
1．What can we learn about the brain tumor in paragraph 2
A．It put the doctors at risk.
B．It kept the patients awake.
C．It was diagnosed 45 years ago.
D．It was at a position hard to tackle.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“It needed to be removed，but the location of the mass made things tricky.”可知，肿瘤位于一个难以处理的位置。故选D。
2．Why did the doctors postpone the operation
A．Maria needed enough mental preparation.
B．Maria demanded a better surgery plan.
C．Maria longed to have more speech practice.
D．Maria was too scared to accept it completely.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“So，the team delayed the operation until Maria was psychologically prepared for everything involved.”可知，医生推迟手术是因为Maria需要充分的心理准备。故选A。
3．How did the doctors make Maria safe and sound during the operation
A．They asked her to sing.
B．They gave her a careful test.
C．They used anesthesia to make her sleep.
D．They helped her react to something by speaking.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“We had prearranged to do speech mapping with electrical stimuli(刺激物) to the brain and tests during surgery asking her to name objects and colors，read and talk”可知，在手术过程中，医生是通过说话帮助Maria对某事作出反应使之安然无恙的。故选D。
4．Which of the following best describes Maria
A．Enthusiastic and ambitious.
B．Professional and emotional.
C．Optimistic and courageous.
D．Cooperative and generous.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二、三段以及最后一段中“Everyone couldn’t stop talking about her courage”可知，尽管手术本身非常可怕，Maria还是接受了手术，并且在手术过程中通过唱歌来激励自己和医生。她的行动不仅让医生们确信她的语言能力不会受到影响，还深深地打动了整个医疗团队。因此，Maria是乐观和勇敢的。故选C。
B(此篇精读)
The view from the top was breathtaking.It was 2023 and I had just climbed the Hvannadals Peak in Iceland，almost seven years after becoming paralyzed① from the chest down after a climbing fall.My two teammates and I were on our way to becoming the first all-disabled team to cross Europe’s largest ice cap，the mighty② Vatnaj kull glacier，unsupported and unassisted.
A year before，when Niall McCann first suggested making the 100-mile trip，I was excited by the prospect of returning to this lost world of crevasses(冰裂缝)，mountains and ice，but upset and anxious about whether I’d struggle.Back then，I still would have given anything for my legs to work and to be able to walk again.But I was eager for adventure and signed on to do the trip with McCann，who had broken his back when paragliding(滑翔伞运动)，and Ed Jackson，a former professional rugby player who had broken his neck in 2017.
This was going to be the toughest challenge of my life.And yet，with each drive of my poles into the snow，I pushed myself further from civilization—and closer to the man I’d once been.
My mind drifted③ to the last time I was on a mountain before my accident，climbing Monte Rosa in the Italian Alps and feeling the addictive mixture of excitement and trepidation.Those same emotions returned as we battled through powerful storms and hidden crevasses before we reached the ice cap’s highest point.
I was at the top when I was hit by an unexpected wave of emotion.I realized that，despite all that I had been through—all the challenges and setbacks I had faced—if someone asked me if I wanted my legs back，I would have said no.That moment affected every aspect of my life and the way I perceived my disability.No longer did I consider myself disabled or injured，because，if I could reach the summit of a remote ice cap，I could overcome the frustrations and setbacks of day-to-day life with resilience and persistence.Yes，I do still have a life-changing injury—but，for me，it’s been for the better.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作为在攀岩坠落后胸部以下瘫痪的登山爱好者，作者与两位同样身有残疾的队友挑战欧洲最大冰盖——瓦特纳冰川的壮举。
5．What can you know about the team
A．It got assistance from an organization.
B．Its members all had a form of disability.
C．It followed the steps of a similar previous team.
D．It consisted of people paralyzed down the chest.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“My two teammates and...unsupported and unassisted.”以及第二段中“But I was eager for...his neck in 2017.”可知，这支队伍的成员都有某种形式的残疾。故选B。
6．What might have really caused the writer to hesitate about the trip
A．His paralyzed legs.
B．Fear of potential danger.
C．The lost world of ice.
D．Lack of proper equipment.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“A year before...but upset and anxious about whether I’d struggle.Back then，I still...to walk again.”可知，由于作者胸部以下瘫痪，所以作者感到焦虑，对这次旅行犹豫不决。故选A。
7．What does the underlined word “trepidation” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Fear. B．Bravery.
C．Happiness. D．Disappointment.
答案　A
解析　词义猜测题。根据第四段“My mind drifted...ice cap’s highest point.”可知，作者想到自己事故发生前最后一次在山上的感受，作者经历强大的风暴和隐藏的裂缝时，产生了同样的情绪，由此推测作者的感受是既兴奋又恐惧的，画线单词“trepidation”意为“恐惧”，与fear意义相近。故选A。
8．What did the writer think of his injury after he made it to the top
A．It left him nothing but all setbacks.
B．It caused his unexpected bad emotion.
C．He wouldn’t know his potential otherwise.
D．He was tortured by the frustrations it caused.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“That moment affected...resilience and persistence.”可知，登上顶峰后，作者意识到如果不是因为这次受伤，自己就不会认识到自己能够以韧性及坚持克服日常生活中的挫折。故选C。
[语境猜词]
①paralyzed adj.瘫痪的
②mighty adj.强而有力的；巨大的，非凡的
③drift vi.漂移，漂流；缓缓移动；不知不觉发生
[句式分析]
A year before，when Niall McCann first suggested making the 100-mile trip，I was excited by the prospect of returning to this lost world of crevasses，mountains and ice，but upset and anxious about whether I’d struggle.
分析：此句为复合句。when引导时间状语从句；whether引导宾语从句，在从句中不充当成分，意为“是否”。
翻译：一年前，当尼尔·麦肯首次提议进行这次100英里的行程时，我为能重返这个充满裂缝、山脉和冰川的失落的世界而兴奋不已，但又因担心自己会举步维艰而心烦意乱、焦虑不安。
Ⅲ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Adversity(逆境) is a suffering or a bad situation which most of us will face at some point during our lifetime.Here are ideas you can use to deal with adversity and overcome it.
Look to hardships you’ve overcome for motivation.You’ve overcome hardships before and you can do it again.Think about a specific struggle in the past.How did you do it？What got you through it？ 1 That way，you can face any new adversity that comes your way.
2 Sure，it might seem difficult to find something funny in a difficult situation.But laughing can help you cope with stress and train your brain to be more positive.All of the benefits of having a good sense of humor can help you overcome adversity.
Use adversity to learn and improve yourself.It’s often through difficult times that we learn the most. 3 If you’re dealing with a problem that’s a result of a mistake you made，think about how you can avoid making the same mistake again.Use failure as a chance to look at your planning，preparation，and execution(执行)．
Your friends can give you a boost when you’re struggling. 4 Be selective with the people you let go into your life and choose positive people who accept your faults and will keep pushing you.Stick with friends who care about you and your dreams.
Commit to finding a way to push through a crisis.When you’re faced with a problem，refuse to give in or accept defeat.Instead，approach the problem with determination and devote yourself to overcoming it. 5
A．Adversity can be a great teacher.
B．Push forward through adversity and never quit.
C．Don’t worry about negative thoughts or anxieties.
D．Use your past experiences to help boost your inner strength.
E．When you are in a difficult situation，keep your goals in mind.
F．Finding the humor in tough situations will make them less stressful.
G．They’ll be the ones who will be there for you to build you up and support you.
1．答案　D
解析　设空处前文“Look to hardships...you through it？”讲述从你经历过的困难中寻找动力，想想自己是怎么克服困难的，因此推断D项“用你过去的经历来增强你内心的力量。”符合语境，选项中的past experiences与本段主旨一致。故选D。
2．答案　F
解析　空处为段落主旨句，设空处后文“Sure，it might...you overcome adversity.”讲述在困难的情况下，寻找快乐的事情，笑可以让大脑更积极，良好的幽默感可以帮助你克服逆境，因此推断F项“在困难的情况下找到幽默会让它们不那么充满压力。”符合本段主旨，故选F。
3．答案　A
解析　设空处前文“Use adversity to learn and improve yourself.It’s often through difficult times that we learn the most.”讲述逆境会让我们学到的更多从而提高自己，设空处后文“If you’re dealing...planning，preparation，and execution(执行)．”讲述如何从错误中学习，因此推断A项“逆境可以是最好的老师。”符合语境，承上启下。故选A。
4．答案　G
解析　设空处前文“Your friends can give you a boost when you’re struggling.”说明本段讲述朋友的帮助可以有助于你克服逆境，因此推断G项“他们会在你身边，帮助你成长，支持你。”符合语境，呼应主题，故选G。
5．答案　B
解析　前文“Commit to finding a way to push through a crisis.When you’re faced with a problem，refuse to give in or accept defeat.Instead，approach the problem with determination and devote yourself to overcoming it.”讲述要努力找到办法解决问题，不要屈服和接受失败，因此推断B项“在逆境中勇往直前，永不放弃。”符合语境，总结前文。故选B。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
In a classroom filled with eager students，the lecture on exercise and nutrition is in full swing.Meanwhile，on the sports field，students are jogging，and in the cafeteria，teachers guide students on healthy diet.This is not just any ordinary class at Peking University，but a groundbreaking course 1. (title) “Physical Fitness Enhancement: Exercise and Diet”，2. has become the talk of the town among students as the ultimate “weight loss miracle class”．
Unlike traditional physical education classes，the course aims to teach students how to achieve weight loss goals in 3. scientific and healthy manner.It 4. (run) for two years，and has 5. (true) helped one-third of the students lose over 5 percent of their body weight.
Hou Xiaoyang，who entered Beijing University in 2023 weighing 220 pounds with a BMI of 32，6. (classify) as obese.After completing the weight loss course for one semester，he managed to shed 33 pounds,7. (become) the current record holder for weight loss in the class.
The course has received high 8. (recognize) from quite a lot of students，with many describing it as “progressive and systematic”．By integrating a balanced diet and regular exercise 9. their daily routine，students are not only losing weight but also gaining more confidence and adopting 10. (wise) lifestyle choices.
语篇解读　本文为说明文。文章描述了北京大学开设的一门关于运动与营养的课程，详细说明了课程特点、效果以及学生参与后的积极改变。
1．答案　titled
解析　考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，本空用非谓语动词作后置定语，且a groundbreaking course与动词title之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词。故填titled。
2．答案　which
解析　考查定语从句。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a groundbreaking course，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
3．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。manner“方式”为可数名词，此处泛指“一种科学和健康的方式”，且scientific的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
4．答案　has been running
解析　考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据for two years可知，run“运行”这个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并且可能还会继续下去，应用现在完成进行时，主语It为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been running。
5．答案　truly
解析　考查副词。本空用副词truly“真正地”，修饰动词helped，作状语。故填truly。
6．答案　was classified
解析　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。本空作谓语，根据in 2023可知，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，且主语Hou Xiaoyang与classify“归类”之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was classified。
7．答案　becoming
解析　考查非谓语动词。本句谓语为managed，本空用非谓语动词，he与become之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词becoming，作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填becoming。
8．答案　recognition
解析　考查名词。本空用名词recognition“认可”，为不可数名词，作received的宾语。故填recognition。
9．答案　into
解析　考查介词。短语integrate...into...“将……融入……之中”符合句意。故填into。
10．答案　wiser
解析　考查形容词比较级。本空用形容词比较级wiser“更明智的”作定语，修饰名词短语lifestyle choices，与前面的more confidence并列，强调减肥课程带来的积极变化。故填wiser。

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