资源简介

(共48张PPT)
Period 3
Listening and Speaking
Adversity and courage
Unit 4
Listen to the material on P42 and choose the best answer.
1.Why did Shackleton decide to go to South Georgia Island
A.To run away.
B.To seek assistance.
C.To meet new friends.
Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式)
√
2.How many members did Shackleton choose to join him on the trip
A.Four. 　　　B.Five. 　　　　C.Six.
√
3.Why did Shackleton choose the speaker to follow him
A.Because of his strong navigation skills.
B.Because of his good personality.
C.Because of his being unfriendly.
√
4.How long did it take for Shackleton to rescue the 22 men
A.About 30 days.
B.About 60 days.
C.About 90 days.
√
Listen to the material on P42 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
We had stayed on Elephant Island for only a day，but Shackleton was already worried.He realised that many of us were too ill to survive very long 1.______________.He decided to go to South Georgia Island for help.He 2.__________________ to join him on the trip and I was one of them.
Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练)
without rescue
chose five members
I have been working on ships for my whole life and my strong 3._______________ could guide us across the dangerous sea.However，to my surprise，Shackleton also picked 4._____________________________
________ to join us on the trip.I later learnt that he did this because he wanted the group remaining on the island to 5._______________________ until we returned.
navigation skills
the most difficult and unfriendly
member
stay cheerful and positive
We sailed on very rough seas for days.The sea was so strong that it was almost impossible for me to 6.__________________.I was only able to use my instruments three times during the trip.It 7.__________ to think that we might sail past South Georgia Island.This would mean that we might sail into the open sea and there would be no rescue!
Unfortunately，we did sail off-course for a while，meaning we 8._______________________ of South Georgia Island.We had to climb over the mountains to get help.The mountains looked so steep that I thought we might have to 9.__________ them on our bottoms!
check our position
scared me
landed on the wrong side
slide down
When we arrived at the whaling station，Shackleton immediately 10._________________________ to return to Elephant Island.However，due to the rough seas，we could not get near to the island.Shackleton 11._______________ about the men.He was very anxious and began to look extremely old.We tried for three months to rescue the 22 men.Finally，we were able to reach Elephant Island and luckily find everyone still alive! They were 12.__________ to see us and everyone began to cry.
arranged for a rescue boat
became worried
overjoyed
作业3
A
Individuals vary in how they react to anxiety.Some bury their heads in the sand and ignore the mounting sense of anxiety that seems to occupy the society.Others are in a watchful state and can’t get enough of the up-to-the-minute news and social media feeds.
语篇解读　本文是说明文。本文主要讲述了人们的焦虑情绪和信息过载以及如何在焦虑的时代中保持冷静和感激。
Ⅰ.主题语篇阅读
Martin Buber once stated that we related to three things around us：nature，our fellow men，and how you view the world.When we are in a burdened state，we tend to take no notice of any of these.When we become unburdened from our depressed selves，we are able to discover the delights and wonders around and experience a deep sense of gratitude.
At a time when news reports are merely a click away，people’s anxiety becomes even intenser.Because of 24/7 media，the international and the interpersonal have integrated in a way that we have never seen before.It seems that we’ve lost the capacity to maintain our inner peace—and that’s not just a matter of having opposing views about issues.It’s a matter of not having the patience to involve in delightful communication and to hear each other.Transforming the situation can’t be achieved overnight.It’s not accidental，which must be approached with strength.It comes from the efforts to attain understanding and calm.
Our age of anxiety presents us with challenges.But out of adversity comes opportunity.Never can we maintain calm and experience gratitude at a time when we are burdened，worried，and anxious.Like anything else，relaxation and calm take a bit of work.Attempt to limit your exposure to updates on the news and take a couple of moments to count your blessings—including the people in your life and the fortune from which you’ve benefited.As you may be aware，it is taking things for granted that robs you of the fruits of your labor.Praying for goodness and planting seeds of gratitude may be our only way out.
1.What might happen to a relaxed person
A.Spotting the beauty in the surroundings.
B.Paying no attention to the state of mind.
C.Getting on well with nature and fellows.
D.Grasping the latest news items with care.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中“When we become unburdened from our depressed selves，we are able to discover the delights and wonders around and experience a deep sense of gratitude.”可知，当我们从沮丧的自我中解脱出来时，我们就能发现周围的快乐和奇迹，并体验到一种深深的感激之情。因此，一个放松的人可能会发现周围环境中的美好。故选A。
解析
2.What makes people anxiety-stricken
A.The lack of peaceful talks.
B.The information overload.
C.The widespread false news.
D.The opposing views online.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At a time when...views about issues.”可知，由于无时不在的媒体，国际和人际交流以前所未有的方式融合在一起，新闻报告也只是一次点击之遥，这使得人们的焦虑变得更加严重。因此，信息过载是导致人们焦虑的原因。故选B。
解析
3.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.Methods to overcome challenges and barriers.
B.Steps to robbing people of their fruits of labor.
C.Tips on limiting the exposure to news updates.
D.Ways to ease anxiety and appreciate blessings.
√
段落大意题。根据最后一段可知，本段主要讲述了如何在焦虑的时代中缓解焦虑并感激生活中的美好。作者建议尝试限制接触新闻更新，花一些时间数数自己的幸福，包括生活中的人和从中受益的财富。因此，本段的主要内容是关于如何缓解焦虑和感激生活中的美好。故选D。
解析
4.Which might be a suitable title for the text
A.Take Nothing Online for Granted
B.Watch out for the Traps of Media
C.Be Grateful in an Age of Anxiety
D.Count Blessings Instead of Worries
√
标题归纳题。根据第二段可知，我们与身边的三件事有关：自然、我们的同胞以及你如何看待世界。当我们处于负担重重的状态时，我们往往不会注意到这些。当我们从沮丧的自我中解脱出来时，我们就能发现周围的快乐和奇迹，并体验到一种深深的感激之情。其次，纵观全文可知，全文都在讨论如何在焦虑的时代中保持感恩之心，因此最适合的标题是C项“Be Grateful in an Age of Anxiety(在焦虑的时代中感恩)”。故选C。
解析
B
Learned helplessness occurs when people who have experienced repeated challenges come to believe they have no control over their situation.They then give up trying to make changes and accept their fate.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是习得性无助以及其症状和相关的研究。
Everyone can struggle at times，especially when coping with adversity and setbacks.Learned helplessness is characterized by more lasting symptoms such as：avoiding decisions，bad attitude，giving up quickly，inability to tolerate frustration，lack of effort，low motivation，passive behavior，poor self-esteem，refusing to try and so on.Learned helplessness is not a mental health problem，but it can sometimes be a sign of a mental disorder such as depression or anxiety.
The concept of learned helplessness was discovered accidentally by psychologists Martin Seligman and Steven F.Maier.They had initially observed helpless behavior in dogs that were classically conditioned to expect an electrical shock after hearing a tone.Later，the dogs were placed in a shuttle box that contained two chambers(室) separated by a low barrier.The floor was electrified on one side，and not on the other.The dogs previously subjected to the classical conditioning made no attempts to escape，even though avoiding the shock simply involved jumping over a small barrier.
Learned helplessness is frequently the result of experiencing stress or pain.People may feel that they have little to no control over the situation.Because of the lack of control，people may feel helpless and unmotivated to take action.Common causes that can lead to learned helplessness include：abuse，childhood neglect，domestic violence，natural disasters，etc.
Overparenting can also contribute to the development of learned helplessness in children.When children are not allowed to try things independently，they may develop a poor sense of personal agency.Instead of trying，they believe that they are unable to do things and do not put forth any effort.
So what can people do to overcome learned helplessness？Learned helplessness can often be successfully decreased，particularly if intervention occurs during the early stages.Long-term learned helplessness can also be reduced，although it may require longer-term effort.Strategies that can help include：psychotherapy，self-care strategies，and getting social support.
5.Who is most likely to suffer from learned helplessness
A.A person willing to accept help.
B.A person lacking discipline and energy.
C.A person encountering failures repeatedly.
D.A person desiring to succeed on their own.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段首句“Learned helplessness occurs when people who have experienced repeated challenges come to believe they have no control over their situation.”可知，当一个人在经历了反复的挑战后，开始相信自己无法控制自己的处境时，就会出现习得性无助。因此反复遭遇失败的人最有可能患上习得性无助。故选C。
解析
6.What is mainly discussed about learned helplessness in the second paragraph
A.Types. B.Cures.
C.Causes. D.Symptoms.
√
段落大意题。根据第二段第二句可知，习得性无助的特征是更持久的症状，如：逃避决定、态度恶劣、迅速放弃、无法忍受挫折、缺乏努力、缺乏动力、被动行为、缺乏自尊、拒绝尝试等等。由此可知，第二段主要讨论了习得性无助的症状。故选D。
解析
7.What do the underlined words “subjected to” mean in paragraph 3
A.Receiving. B.Rejecting.
C.Enjoying. D.Fearing.
√
词义猜测题。根据第三段可知，两位心理学家用狗来做实验，他们最初观察到狗的无助行为，这些狗在听到声音后通常会受到电击。之后，这些狗被放在一个穿梭箱里，这个穿梭箱有两个由低矮屏障隔开的房间。地板的一边通电了，另一边没有。根据画线词后文“the classical conditioning made no attempts to escape，even though avoiding the shock simply involved jumping over a small barrier”可知，狗之前遭受了电击，后来先前接受了经典条件反射的狗没有试图逃跑，即使避免电击只需要跳过一个小障碍物。故画线词“subjected to”意为“接受”。故选A。
解析
8.Which of the following is most likely to be a follow-up to this text
A.Predicting the extension of the concept of learned helplessness.
B.Explaining the ways of beating learned helplessness separately.
C.Describing the discovery of the concept of learned helplessness.
D.Summarizing the causes and consequences of learned helplessness.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，本段简单介绍了如何克服习得性无助。因此，“分别解释打败习得性无助的方法”最有可能是本文的后续内容。故选B。
解析
You may not be able to imagine the impact your hard work and dedication can have on others.The following story may show you that.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Melanie Harper意外丢失婚戒，公共事业部门的主管展现了同情心，最终在垃圾中帮助她找回了宝贵的结婚戒指的故事。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Everyone 1 that in addition to the vows(誓言) during the wedding ceremony，rings are 2 .The rings are a sign of that never-ending commitment，becoming 3 pieces of jewellery because of the significance.
1.A.claims B.hopes
C.knows D.predicts
2.A.designed B.exchanged
C.bought D.hidden
3.A.legal B.common
C.sufficient D.valuable
√
√
√
1.claim声称；hope希望；know知道；predict预测。根据下文的“during the wedding ceremony，rings are ”可知，婚礼上除了结婚誓言之外，夫妻双方还要交换戒指，这是每个人都知道的常识。故选C。
2.design设计；exchange交换；buy购买；hide隐藏。参考上题解析。故选B。
3.legal法律的；common普通的；sufficient足够的；valuable珍贵的。根据上文的“The rings are a sign of that never-ending commitment”和下文的“because of the significance”可知，戒指象征着永恒的承诺，这是很有意义的，因此它成了珍贵的珠宝。故选D。
解析
So，when Melanie Harper 4 her wedding ring，it’s easy to imagine the 5 she must have felt.She was placing garbage in a recycle bin when the ring slipped off her 6 and into the endless sea of recyclable material.
4.A.lost B.found
C.wore D.received
5.A.preference B.panic
C.anger D.delight
6.A.wallet B.wrist
C.finger D.pocket
√
√
√
4.lose丢失；find找到；wear穿，戴；receive收到。根据下文的“She was placing garbage in a recycle bin when the ring slipped off”和“looking for the lost ring”可知，梅兰妮·哈珀丢了结婚戒指。故选A。
5.preference偏爱；panic恐慌；anger愤怒；delight高兴。根据上文的“The rings are a sign of that never-ending commitment，becoming...pieces of jewellery because of the significance.”可知，结婚戒指象征着永恒的承诺，因其意义而变得珍贵，因此，当梅兰妮·哈珀丢了结婚戒指时，她会感到恐慌。故选B。
6.wallet钱包；wrist手腕；finger手指；pocket口袋。根据常识可知，戒指是戴在手指上的。所以梅兰妮·哈珀在扔垃圾时结婚戒指是从手指上脱落的。故选C。
解析
Melanie，trying to 7 the ring，reached out to the Greenville Department of Public Works.The department’s supervisor(主管人) had sympathy for Melanie.He put himself in her 8 and then made a decision.
7.A.return B.remember
C.catch D.recover
8.A.shoes B.houses
C.stages D.departments
√
√
7.return归还；remember记住；catch捕捉；recover找回。根据上文可知，梅兰妮的戒指掉进了垃圾箱里。结合下文的“After the ring was recovered and returned to Melanie”可知，梅兰妮试图找回戒指，recover是同词复现。故选D。
8.shoe鞋子；house房屋；stage阶段；department部门。根据上文“The department’s supervisor(主管人) had sympathy for Melanie.”可知，部门主管很同情梅兰妮，从而站在她的立场上想着如何解决问题，put oneself in sb’s shoes意为“设身处地，从某人的立场考虑问题”，符合语境。故选A。
解析
They 9 the contents of the container all over the parking lot and then began 10 through the garbage，looking for the lost ring.
9.A.brought back B.emptied out
C.cleaned up D.picked off
10.A.seeing B.getting
C.searching D.living
√
√
9.bring back带回来；empty out清空，(使)倒空；clean up清除；pick off去除，剪除。根据空后“the contents of the container all over the parking lot and then began through the garbage，looking for the lost ring”可知，为了寻找丢失的戒指，他们把垃圾箱里的所有东西倒在停车场。故选B。
10.see看见；get得到；search搜索；live生活。根据下文“looking for the lost ring”可知，他们在垃圾堆里搜寻丢失的戒指。故选C。
解析
The probability of finding something so small is tiny，next to 11 .Luckily，the supervisor did 12 to find the ring!
11.A.zero B.score
C.hundred D.dozen
12.A.want B.choose
C.pretend D.happen
√
√
11.zero零；score二十；hundred一百；dozen十二个，一打。根据上文“The probability of finding something so small is tiny”可知，在垃圾中找到戒指那么小的东西的概率很小，会接近于零。故选A。
12.want想要；choose选择；pretend假装；happen发生，碰巧。根据上文的“Luckily”可知，非常幸运的是主管碰巧找到了戒指。故选D。
解析
After the ring was recovered and returned to Melanie，she met up with the men to express her 13 gratitude.She thanked them for their kindness and 14 .What a terrific example of how our efforts and hard work can and do 15 impact the lives of others!
13.A.abnormal B.sincere
C.casual D.secret
14.A.efforts B.sights
C.tracks D.promises
15.A.regularly B.eventually
C.directly D.merely
√
√
√
13.abnormal异常的；sincere真诚的；casual随意的；secret秘密的。根据上文“The probability of finding something so small is tiny，next to .Luckily，the supervisor did to find the ring！”可知，尽管找到戒指这么小的东西的概率很小，接近于零，但是在大家的努力下，还是找到了戒指，因此梅兰妮要向帮助她的人表达真诚的感谢。故选B。
14.effort努力；sight视线；track轨迹；promise承诺。根据上文可知，工作人员将垃圾箱里的东西全部倒空，寻找丢失的戒指并且最终找到了戒指，再结合后文“how our efforts and hard work...”可知，梅兰妮向帮助她的人表达真诚的感谢，感谢他们做出的努力和善意。故选A。
15.regularly定期地；eventually最终；directly直接地；merely仅仅。根据上文“After the ring was...their kindness and .”可知，在大家的努力下，最终找到了戒指，梅兰妮很是感激，这对梅兰妮的生活产生了直接的影响。故选C。
解析
本课结束Period 3　Listening and Speaking
Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式)
Listen to the material on P42 and choose the best answer.
1．Why did Shackleton decide to go to South Georgia Island
A．To run away.
B．To seek assistance.
C．To meet new friends.
答案　B
2．How many members did Shackleton choose to join him on the trip
A．Four. B．Five. C．Six.
答案　B
3．Why did Shackleton choose the speaker to follow him
A．Because of his strong navigation skills.
B．Because of his good personality.
C．Because of his being unfriendly.
答案　A
4．How long did it take for Shackleton to rescue the 22 men
A．About 30 days.
B．About 60 days.
C．About 90 days.
答案　C
Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练)
Listen to the material on P42 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
We had stayed on Elephant Island for only a day，but Shackleton was already worried.He realised that many of us were too ill to survive very long 1.without rescue.He decided to go to South Georgia Island for help.He 2.chose five members to join him on the trip and I was one of them.I have been working on ships for my whole life and my strong 3.navigation skills could guide us across the dangerous sea.However，to my surprise，Shackleton also picked 4.the most difficult and unfriendly member to join us on the trip.I later learnt that he did this because he wanted the group remaining on the island to 5.stay cheerful and positive until we returned.
We sailed on very rough seas for days.The sea was so strong that it was almost impossible for me to 6.check our position.I was only able to use my instruments three times during the trip.It 7.scared me to think that we might sail past South Georgia Island.This would mean that we might sail into the open sea and there would be no rescue!
Unfortunately，we did sail off-course for a while，meaning we 8.landed on the wrong side of South Georgia Island.We had to climb over the mountains to get help.The mountains looked so steep that I thought we might have to 9.slide down them on our bottoms!
When we arrived at the whaling station，Shackleton immediately 10.arranged for a rescue boat to return to Elephant Island.However，due to the rough seas，we could not get near to the island.Shackleton 11.became worried about the men.He was very anxious and began to look extremely old.We tried for three months to rescue the 22 men.Finally，we were able to reach Elephant Island and luckily find everyone still alive! They were 12.overjoyed to see us and everyone began to cry.
作业3
[分值：35分]
Ⅰ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Individuals vary in how they react to anxiety.Some bury their heads in the sand and ignore the mounting sense of anxiety that seems to occupy the society.Others are in a watchful state and can’t get enough of the up-to-the-minute news and social media feeds.
Martin Buber once stated that we related to three things around us：nature，our fellow men，and how you view the world.When we are in a burdened state，we tend to take no notice of any of these.When we become unburdened from our depressed selves，we are able to discover the delights and wonders around and experience a deep sense of gratitude.
At a time when news reports are merely a click away，people’s anxiety becomes even intenser.Because of 24/7 media，the international and the interpersonal have integrated in a way that we have never seen before.It seems that we’ve lost the capacity to maintain our inner peace—and that’s not just a matter of having opposing views about issues.It’s a matter of not having the patience to involve in delightful communication and to hear each other.Transforming the situation can’t be achieved overnight.It’s not accidental，which must be approached with strength.It comes from the efforts to attain understanding and calm.
Our age of anxiety presents us with challenges.But out of adversity comes opportunity.Never can we maintain calm and experience gratitude at a time when we are burdened，worried，and anxious.Like anything else，relaxation and calm take a bit of work.Attempt to limit your exposure to updates on the news and take a couple of moments to count your blessings—including the people in your life and the fortune from which you’ve benefited.As you may be aware，it is taking things for granted that robs you of the fruits of your labor.Praying for goodness and planting seeds of gratitude may be our only way out.
语篇解读　本文是说明文。本文主要讲述了人们的焦虑情绪和信息过载以及如何在焦虑的时代中保持冷静和感激。
1．What might happen to a relaxed person
A．Spotting the beauty in the surroundings.
B．Paying no attention to the state of mind.
C．Getting on well with nature and fellows.
D．Grasping the latest news items with care.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“When we become unburdened from our depressed selves，we are able to discover the delights and wonders around and experience a deep sense of gratitude.”可知，当我们从沮丧的自我中解脱出来时，我们就能发现周围的快乐和奇迹，并体验到一种深深的感激之情。因此，一个放松的人可能会发现周围环境中的美好。故选A。
2．What makes people anxiety-stricken
A．The lack of peaceful talks.
B．The information overload.
C．The widespread false news.
D．The opposing views online.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At a time when...views about issues.”可知，由于无时不在的媒体，国际和人际交流以前所未有的方式融合在一起，新闻报告也只是一次点击之遥，这使得人们的焦虑变得更加严重。因此，信息过载是导致人们焦虑的原因。故选B。
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．Methods to overcome challenges and barriers.
B．Steps to robbing people of their fruits of labor.
C．Tips on limiting the exposure to news updates.
D．Ways to ease anxiety and appreciate blessings.
答案　D
解析　段落大意题。根据最后一段可知，本段主要讲述了如何在焦虑的时代中缓解焦虑并感激生活中的美好。作者建议尝试限制接触新闻更新，花一些时间数数自己的幸福，包括生活中的人和从中受益的财富。因此，本段的主要内容是关于如何缓解焦虑和感激生活中的美好。故选D。
4．Which might be a suitable title for the text
A．Take Nothing Online for Granted
B．Watch out for the Traps of Media
C．Be Grateful in an Age of Anxiety
D．Count Blessings Instead of Worries
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。根据第二段可知，我们与身边的三件事有关：自然、我们的同胞以及你如何看待世界。当我们处于负担重重的状态时，我们往往不会注意到这些。当我们从沮丧的自我中解脱出来时，我们就能发现周围的快乐和奇迹，并体验到一种深深的感激之情。其次，纵观全文可知，全文都在讨论如何在焦虑的时代中保持感恩之心，因此最适合的标题是C项“Be Grateful in an Age of Anxiety(在焦虑的时代中感恩)”。故选C。
B
Learned helplessness occurs when people who have experienced repeated challenges come to believe they have no control over their situation.They then give up trying to make changes and accept their fate.
Everyone can struggle at times，especially when coping with adversity and setbacks.Learned helplessness is characterized by more lasting symptoms such as：avoiding decisions，bad attitude，giving up quickly，inability to tolerate frustration，lack of effort，low motivation，passive behavior，poor self-esteem，refusing to try and so on.Learned helplessness is not a mental health problem，but it can sometimes be a sign of a mental disorder such as depression or anxiety.
The concept of learned helplessness was discovered accidentally by psychologists Martin Seligman and Steven F．Maier.They had initially observed helpless behavior in dogs that were classically conditioned to expect an electrical shock after hearing a tone.Later，the dogs were placed in a shuttle box that contained two chambers(室) separated by a low barrier.The floor was electrified on one side，and not on the other.The dogs previously subjected to the classical conditioning made no attempts to escape，even though avoiding the shock simply involved jumping over a small barrier.
Learned helplessness is frequently the result of experiencing stress or pain.People may feel that they have little to no control over the situation.Because of the lack of control，people may feel helpless and unmotivated to take action.Common causes that can lead to learned helplessness include：abuse，childhood neglect，domestic violence，natural disasters，etc.
Overparenting can also contribute to the development of learned helplessness in children.When children are not allowed to try things independently，they may develop a poor sense of personal agency.Instead of trying，they believe that they are unable to do things and do not put forth any effort.
So what can people do to overcome learned helplessness？Learned helplessness can often be successfully decreased，particularly if intervention occurs during the early stages.Long-term learned helplessness can also be reduced，although it may require longer-term effort.Strategies that can help include：psychotherapy，self-care strategies，and getting social support.
5．Who is most likely to suffer from learned helplessness
A．A person willing to accept help.
B．A person lacking discipline and energy.
C．A person encountering failures repeatedly.
D．A person desiring to succeed on their own.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段首句“Learned helplessness occurs when people who have experienced repeated challenges come to believe they have no control over their situation.”可知，当一个人在经历了反复的挑战后，开始相信自己无法控制自己的处境时，就会出现习得性无助。因此反复遭遇失败的人最有可能患上习得性无助。故选C。
6．What is mainly discussed about learned helplessness in the second paragraph
A．Types. B．Cures.
C．Causes. D．Symptoms.
答案　D
解析　段落大意题。根据第二段第二句可知，习得性无助的特征是更持久的症状，如：逃避决定、态度恶劣、迅速放弃、无法忍受挫折、缺乏努力、缺乏动力、被动行为、缺乏自尊、拒绝尝试等等。由此可知，第二段主要讨论了习得性无助的症状。故选D。
7．What do the underlined words “subjected to” mean in paragraph 3
A．Receiving. B．Rejecting.
C．Enjoying. D．Fearing.
答案　A
解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段可知，两位心理学家用狗来做实验，他们最初观察到狗的无助行为，这些狗在听到声音后通常会受到电击。之后，这些狗被放在一个穿梭箱里，这个穿梭箱有两个由低矮屏障隔开的房间。地板的一边通电了，另一边没有。根据画线词后文“the classical conditioning made no attempts to escape，even though avoiding the shock simply involved jumping over a small barrier”可知，狗之前遭受了电击，后来先前接受了经典条件反射的狗没有试图逃跑，即使避免电击只需要跳过一个小障碍物。故画线词“subjected to”意为“接受”。故选A。
8．Which of the following is most likely to be a follow-up to this text
A．Predicting the extension of the concept of learned helplessness.
B．Explaining the ways of beating learned helplessness separately.
C．Describing the discovery of the concept of learned helplessness.
D．Summarizing the causes and consequences of learned helplessness.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，本段简单介绍了如何克服习得性无助。因此，“分别解释打败习得性无助的方法”最有可能是本文的后续内容。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
You may not be able to imagine the impact your hard work and dedication can have on others.The following story may show you that.
Everyone 1 that in addition to the vows(誓言) during the wedding ceremony，rings are 2 .The rings are a sign of that never-ending commitment，becoming 3 pieces of jewellery because of the significance.
So，when Melanie Harper 4 her wedding ring，it’s easy to imagine the 5 she must have felt.She was placing garbage in a recycle bin when the ring slipped off her 6 and into the endless sea of recyclable material.
Melanie，trying to 7 the ring，reached out to the Greenville Department of Public Works.The department’s supervisor(主管人) had sympathy for Melanie.He put himself in her 8 and then made a decision.
They 9 the contents of the container all over the parking lot and then began 10 through the garbage，looking for the lost ring.The probability of finding something so small is tiny，next to 11 .Luckily，the supervisor did 12 to find the ring!
After the ring was recovered and returned to Melanie，she met up with the men to express her 13 gratitude.She thanked them for their kindness and 14 .What a terrific example of how our efforts and hard work can and do 15 impact the lives of others!
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Melanie Harper意外丢失婚戒，公共事业部门的主管展现了同情心，最终在垃圾中帮助她找回了宝贵的结婚戒指的故事。
1．A.claims B．hopes
C．knows D．predicts
答案　C
解析　claim声称；hope希望；know知道；predict预测。根据下文的“during the wedding ceremony，rings are ”可知，婚礼上除了结婚誓言之外，夫妻双方还要交换戒指，这是每个人都知道的常识。故选C。
2．A.designed B．exchanged
C．bought D．hidden
答案　B
解析　design设计；exchange交换；buy购买；hide隐藏。参考上题解析。故选B。
3．A.legal B．common
C．sufficient D．valuable
答案　D
解析　legal法律的；common普通的；sufficient足够的；valuable珍贵的。根据上文的“The rings are a sign of that never-ending commitment”和下文的“because of the significance”可知，戒指象征着永恒的承诺，这是很有意义的，因此它成了珍贵的珠宝。故选D。
4．A.lost B．found
C．wore D．received
答案　A
解析　lose丢失；find找到；wear穿，戴；receive收到。根据下文的“She was placing garbage in a recycle bin when the ring slipped off”和“looking for the lost ring”可知，梅兰妮·哈珀丢了结婚戒指。故选A。
5．A.preference B．panic
C．anger D．delight
答案　B
解析　preference偏爱；panic恐慌；anger愤怒；delight高兴。根据上文的“The rings are a sign of that never-ending commitment，becoming...pieces of jewellery because of the significance.”可知，结婚戒指象征着永恒的承诺，因其意义而变得珍贵，因此，当梅兰妮·哈珀丢了结婚戒指时，她会感到恐慌。故选B。
6．A.wallet B．wrist
C．finger D．pocket
答案　C
解析　wallet钱包；wrist手腕；finger手指；pocket口袋。根据常识可知，戒指是戴在手指上的。所以梅兰妮·哈珀在扔垃圾时结婚戒指是从手指上脱落的。故选C。
7．A.return B．remember
C．catch D．recover
答案　D
解析　return归还；remember记住；catch捕捉；recover找回。根据上文可知，梅兰妮的戒指掉进了垃圾箱里。结合下文的“After the ring was recovered and returned to Melanie”可知，梅兰妮试图找回戒指，recover是同词复现。故选D。
8．A.shoes B．houses
C．stages D．departments
答案　A
解析　shoe鞋子；house房屋；stage阶段；department部门。根据上文“The department’s supervisor(主管人) had sympathy for Melanie.”可知，部门主管很同情梅兰妮，从而站在她的立场上想着如何解决问题，put oneself in sb’s shoes意为“设身处地，从某人的立场考虑问题”，符合语境。故选A。
9．A.brought back B．emptied out
C．cleaned up D．picked off
答案　B
解析　bring back带回来；empty out清空，(使)倒空；clean up清除；pick off去除，剪除。根据空后“the contents of the container all over the parking lot and then began through the garbage，looking for the lost ring”可知，为了寻找丢失的戒指，他们把垃圾箱里的所有东西倒在停车场。故选B。
10．A.seeing B．getting
C．searching D．living
答案　C
解析　see看见；get得到；search搜索；live生活。根据下文“looking for the lost ring”可知，他们在垃圾堆里搜寻丢失的戒指。故选C。
11．A.zero B．score
C．hundred D．dozen
答案　A
解析　zero零；score二十；hundred一百；dozen十二个，一打。根据上文“The probability of finding something so small is tiny”可知，在垃圾中找到戒指那么小的东西的概率很小，会接近于零。故选A。
12．A.want B．choose
C．pretend D．happen
答案　D
解析　want想要；choose选择；pretend假装；happen发生，碰巧。根据上文的“Luckily”可知，非常幸运的是主管碰巧找到了戒指。故选D。
13．A.abnormal B．sincere
C．casual D．secret
答案　B
解析　abnormal异常的；sincere真诚的；casual随意的；secret秘密的。根据上文“The probability of finding something so small is tiny，next to .Luckily，the supervisor did to find the ring！”可知，尽管找到戒指这么小的东西的概率很小，接近于零，但是在大家的努力下，还是找到了戒指，因此梅兰妮要向帮助她的人表达真诚的感谢。故选B。
14．A.efforts B．sights
C．tracks D．promises
答案　A
解析　effort努力；sight视线；track轨迹；promise承诺。根据上文可知，工作人员将垃圾箱里的东西全部倒空，寻找丢失的戒指并且最终找到了戒指，再结合后文“how our efforts and hard work...”可知，梅兰妮向帮助她的人表达真诚的感谢，感谢他们做出的努力和善意。故选A。
15．A.regularly B．eventually
C．directly D．merely
答案　C
解析　regularly定期地；eventually最终；directly直接地；merely仅仅。根据上文“After the ring was...their kindness and .”可知，在大家的努力下，最终找到了戒指，梅兰妮很是感激，这对梅兰妮的生活产生了直接的影响。故选C。

展开更多......

收起↑