资源简介

(共78张PPT)
Period 2
Learning About Language
Poems
Unit 5
内容索引
情境导读
语法精讲
作业2
达标检测
情境导读
阅读以下短文，感知加颜色的部分并完成练习
Good Deal is a local movement in some countries ①whose aim is to help farmers and workers in less developed areas receive a better deal of their produce.Good Deal products may be a little more expensive than regular ones，but up to 1/3 of the sale price will be given back to the producers.The movement has proven popular among young people ②who want to help producers get the payment ③that/which they deserve.The reason ④why they are willing to spend a little more on Good Deal products is that they believe their purchasing of these products will help improve people’s welfare.However，some people，⑤who are less optimistic，argue that it discriminates against producers ⑥who are not part of the movement.
自主发现
以上加颜色单词引导的均为_____从句。定语从句是修饰名词或代词的句子，其引导词可分为关系_____和关系_____；关系代词在从句中可充当_____(如①)、_____(如②⑤⑥)、_____(如③)、表语等；关系副词在从句中作_____(如④)；关系副词有时候可替换成“______________”结构，如④可替换成__________。定语从句一般紧跟在其所修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)之后；用逗号隔开的定语从句是_________定语从句(如⑤)，一般不用_____引导。
定语
代词
副词
返 回
定语
主语
宾语
状语
介词＋关系代词
for which
非限制性
that
语法精讲
复习定语从句
一、定语从句概述
1.定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句，它所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。
2.构成：
3.关系词用法：
关系代词 that 人、物 主、宾、表
which 物 主、宾
who 人 主、宾
whom 人 宾
whose 人、物 定
as 人、物 主、宾、表
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
4.分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空
①Do you know the student _________ won first prize in the English Speech Competition
②Long-distance running is a kind of exercise ____________ is of great benefit.
③A friend of mine ______ name was John Smith had a bad memory，______ made him famous.
④She concentrated on jogging to the spot ______ the track curved.
⑤The time ______ I stayed with you left me a warm and deep impression.
who/that
which/that
whose
which
where
when
⑥Freddie，____ might be expected，was attending the conference when the alarm went off.
⑦Mencius believed that the reason _____ man is different from animals is that man is good.
as
why
二、关系代词that和which的选择
1.宜用that不宜用which的情况：
(1)先行词是all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时。
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself
你还有什么要为自己说的吗？
(2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only，the very(恰恰，正好)，the last等修饰时。
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最激动人心的足球赛之一。
This is the only thing that we can do now.
这是目前我们唯一能做的事。
(3)先行词既有人又有物时。
The scientist and his achievements that you told us are admired by us all.
我们都很钦佩你告诉我们的那位科学家以及他的成就。
(4)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate
站在门口的那个人是谁？
2.宜用which不宜用that的情况：
(1)在非限制性定语从句中。
Beijing，which is the capital city of China，is a very beautiful city.
北京是一座十分美丽的城市，它是中国的首都。
(2)在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中。
He is looking for a box in which he can put the two rabbits.
他在寻找一个可以把这两只兔子放进去的盒子。
点津　(1)关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
This is the factory (that/which) we paid a visit to last month.
这是上个月我们参观过的那家工厂。
(2)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
I’ m fond of the piece of music which is popular with the teenagers.
我喜欢在青少年中流行的那支曲子。
(3)one of＋复数名词＋定语从句，从句谓语动词用复数；the only one of＋复数名词＋定语从句，从句谓语动词用单数。
Lucy is one of the students who were praised by the teacher.
露西是被老师表扬的学生之一。
Lucy is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher.
露西是唯一一个被老师表扬的学生。
[即时训练2]　单句语法填空
①He is the very person _____ rescued me from the burning building.
②He is the only one of the workers who __________(finish) the task so far.
③All _____ he told me just now was true and I opened my mouth in surprise.
that
has finished
that
三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which或whom，不能用that或who。先行词指物时用which，先行词指人时用whom。
1.“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定：
(1)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定。
I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved.
我买了许多书，我存的所有的钱都花在买书上了。
(2)依据与先行词搭配的具体意义来确定。
I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我将永远不会忘记我在乡下度过的童年时光。
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。
The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
我们赖以生存的无色气体叫氧气。
2.有时为了表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from或to。
There is a big window in my room，from where I can see the railway station.我的房间里有个大窗户，从那里我可以看到火车站。
3.“名词/代词/数词/最高级＋of＋关系代词”通常引导非限制性定语从句，该结构在定语从句中一般作主语。
Recently，I bought an ancient vase，the price of which was very reasonable.
最近，我买了一个古老的花瓶，其价格很合理。
4.当“介词＋关系代词”结构在定语从句中作时间或地点状语时，常常可以与关系副词when/where互换。
The poor man has no house in which he can live.
→The poor man has no house where he can live.这个可怜的人没有房子可住。
[即时训练3]　单句语法填空
①When I look back，I feel fortunate to have chosen college，and particularly science，through _______ I have rediscovered myself and achieved liberation.
②The images reproduced are found on travel brochures，postcards and maps—many of ______ are held in our collections.
③We waited in the yard while the sister went in and returned accompanied by her mother，sisters and brother-in-law，all of ______ greeted us with cautious warmth.
④We need to have factual knowledge _____ which we should base our thinking.
which
which
whom
on
四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的不同
1.限制性定语从句：用来修饰和限定先行词，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。它与主句关系十分密切，不用逗号分开，翻译时译成一句话。先行词一般为单个名词或代词，作宾语的关系代词常可省略。
The person (whom/who/that) you are looking for is downstairs.你正在找的那个人在楼下。
2.非限制性定语从句：与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作附加的说明，即使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚完整。它与主句之间常用逗号分开，翻译时译成两句话。先行词既可以是单个的名词或代词，也可以是整个句子。一般不用that来引导非限制性定语从句。关系代词不可省略。
This note was left by Tom，who was here a moment ago.
这张纸条是汤姆留下的，他刚刚还在这里。
Rose had made great progress，which made us very happy.罗斯进步很大，这让我们很高兴。
五、as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
which as
位置上 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末
搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember等
意思上 意为“这一点，这件事” 表示“正如……，正像……”
As is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
正如孩子们常有的情况一样，当医生到达时艾米就好多了。
Until now，we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children，which is quite unexpected.
到目前为止，我们已经为这些可怜的孩子筹集了50 000英镑，这真是始料不及的。
The air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.
正如报告中显示的那样，城市的空气质量在过去的两个月里改善了。
[即时训练4]　单句语法填空
①____ is known to us all，showing respect for elders is a tradition for us Chinese.
②My teachers and family had been accompanying me all the way，_____ gave me support and strength.
③On the way to work，my father helped a young man _______ car had broken down.
④My favorite sport is long-distance running，_______ deserves to be recommended.
As
which
whose
which
返 回
达标检测
1.他在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖，这使他的脸上露出了灿烂的笑容。
He won first prize in the English speech contest，____________________
_________________________.
2.我积极参加了英语讲座，从中对英国和美国的文化有了很好的了解。
I have actively attended English lectures，__________________________
_______________________________________.
3.欢迎任何对该活动感兴趣的学生参加。
Any student ____________________________ is welcome to participate.
which made a bright
完成句子
smile spread across his face
from which I gained a good
knowledge of British and American cultures
that is interested in the activity
4.正如一句老话所说：“只学习，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。”
___________________，“All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”
5.课外活动可以给我们快乐，帮助我们放松自己，其中打篮球是我的最爱。
Extracurricular activities can give us amusement and help us to relax ourselves，__________________________________________.
6.我们学校下周日将举行主题为“中国传统习俗”的活动。
Our school will hold an activity ___________________________________
__________ next Sunday.
As an old saying goes
among which playing basketball is my favourite
whose theme is “Traditional Chinese
Customs”
7.众所周知，阅读关于传统文化的书籍会对儿童有良好的影响。
___________________，reading books of traditional culture can have a good effect on children.
8.你应该记更多的单词和短语以丰富你的词汇量，这对英语学习至关重要。
You ought to memorize more words and expressions to enrich your vocabulary，__________________________________________.
As is known to us all
返 回
which is of vital importance to English learning
作业2
1.It was in the restaurant ______________ we had dinner last Sunday that I left my phone __________ I bought last month.
2.Honestly，I will never forget these days __________ he devoted to helping the homeless in the city.
3.The only reason ______________ a man took several jobs would be that he was in desperate need of money.
4.____ is known to all，language is the carrier of culture.
5.This is his first cinquain _____ was composed in English.
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词或“介词＋关系代词”填空
where/in which
that/which
that/which
why/for which
As
that
6.As we all know，we have now reached an age ______ almost everything can be done on the Internet.
7.Who _____ had seen the sight could ever forget it
8.They often drive at high speed，______ may put their lives in danger.
9.The story begins in Scotland，_______ Watt perfected “the machine ___________ changed the world”.
when
that
which
where
that/which
Yangshuo，China
It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn’t care.A few hours before，I’d been at home in Hong Kong,1._______ I breathed its choking smog.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.
Ⅱ.给下列短文中的定语从句填上适当的关系词
where
I’d skipped nearby Guilin,2.______ is a dream place for tourists 3._________ seek the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 4.__________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
Instead，I’d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those 5._____ fly to Guilin，it’s only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
which
who/that
that/which
who
Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travelers 6.__________ was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 7.__________ are famous in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families 8.__________ are in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent,9._______ is a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 10._________ live in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
that/which
that/which
that/who
which
who/that
A
Jack Prelutsky is an American poet.He is known for his humorous and fantastic poetry for children，which has earned him numerous awards.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国著名的儿童诗歌诗人——Jack Prelutsky。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
Jack Prelutsky was born in Brooklyn，New York in 1940.As a child，he did not enjoy poetry，finding it boring and pointless.Instead，Prelutsky expressed his artistry through music，taking voice and piano lessons.While Prelutsky claims he got into poetry almost by accident，he also states that he was always a poet.It just took him some time to realize his love for poetry.
Prelutsky explored quite a few options before he found his niche in poetry.He was a folk singer and guitar teacher in Greenwich Village in his late teens and early twenties.Prelutsky also held a variety of odd jobs.He worked as a furniture mover，piano mover，taxicab driver，coal shoveler，fruit picker，truck driver and photographer，among other jobs.
At the age of 23，Prelutsky decided to try illustrating.Just before presenting his illustrations to a children’s book editor，he added a few lines of poetry to the pictures.The editor told him that the illustrations were not publishable but the poems showed the talent.Over the next months and years，Prelutsky worked with the editor to create a collection of animal poems inspired by his love of the Bronx Zoo.His first book，entitled A Gopher in the Garden and Other Animal Poems，was published in 1967.
In addition to writing，Prelutsky has edited various poetry collections and translated poetry from German and Swedish into English.He currently resides in Seattle，where he writes and performs his work.Prelutsky is considered one of the most popular children’s poets.His work pioneered a new era of children’s poetry.In 2006，the Poetry Foundation named Jack Prelutsky the first Children’s Poet Laureate，a position designed to promote poetry for children and raise awareness of the power and relevance of poetry for young people.
1.Why did Prelutsky dislike poetry in his early years
A.It was too difficult.
B.He wasn’t good at it.
C.He thought it meaningless.
D.It took up too much of his time.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中“As a child，he did not enjoy poetry，finding it boring and pointless.”可知，Jack Prelutsky早年不喜欢诗歌，因为他觉得诗歌无聊，没有意义。故选C。
解析
2.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “niche” in paragraph 3
A.Mistake. B.Dream.
C.Comprehension. D.Interest.
√
词义猜测题。根据第二段末的“It just took him some time to realize his love for poetry.”可知，Prelutsky花了一些时间才意识到自己对诗歌的爱，由此可推知，画线词所在句表示Prelutsky在发现自己对诗歌的兴趣之前，探索了很多选择。由此可知，niche意为“兴趣”。故选D。
解析
3.How old was Prelutsky when he published his first book
A.23. B.27.
C.40. D.66.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Jack Prelutsky was born in Brooklyn，New York in 1940.”和第四段中“His first book，entitled A Gopher in the Garden and Other Animal Poems，was published in 1967.”可知，他在27岁的时候出版了他的第一本著作。故选B。
解析
4.What is the purpose of the text
A.To introduce a poet.
B.To attract poetry lovers.
C.To display some excellent poems.
D.To encourage readers to write poems.
写作意图题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段和最后一段内容可知，文章主要介绍了美国著名的儿童诗歌诗人——Jack Prelutsky。由此可推知，文章的写作目的是介绍一位诗人。故选A。
解析
√
B(此篇精读)
Poetry has a long history，dating back to the Epic(史诗) of Gilgamesh，composed 4,000 years ago in what is now Iraq and Syria.Early poems developed from folk songs such as the Chinese Shijing，or from a need to retell the actions of great men and women or about a nation’s history.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诗歌的起源、演变及现代诗歌的趋势。
Ancient attempts to define poetry，such as Aristotle’s Poetics，focused on the uses of speech in rhetoric，drama，song and comedy.Later attempts concentrated on features such as repetition，verse form and rhyme，and emphasized the aesthetics① which distinguish poetry from more objectively informative② forms of writing.From the mid-20th century，poetry has been more generally regarded as a creative act employing language.
Poetry uses particular forms to suggest different interpretation to words，or to produce emotive③ responses.Devices such as rhythm are used to achieve musical effects.The use of ambiguity(模糊不清)，symbolism④，and other stylistic⑤ elements of poetic description often leaves a poem open to multiple interpretations.Similarly figures of speech such as metaphor and simile create a layering of meanings，forming connections previously not perceived.
Some poetry types are specific to particular cultures and respond to characteristics of the language in which the poet writes.Readers used to identifying poetry with Dante，Goethe，and Rumi may think of it as being written in lines based on rhyme and regular meter；there are，however，traditions that use other means to create rhythm.Much modern poetry reflects a criticism of poetic tradition，playing with and testing the principle of rhyme itself，sometimes altogether giving up rhyme or set rhythm.In today’s increasingly globalized world，poets often learn forms，styles and techniques from diverse cultures and languages.
5.What did early poetry originate from
A.Folk songs. B.Ethnic music.
C.Ancient stories. D.Artistic events.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Early poems developed from folk songs such as the Chinese Shijing，or from a need to retell the actions of great men and women or about a nation’s history.(早期的诗歌源于民歌，如中国的《诗经》，或者源于复述伟人的行为或一个国家的历史的需要)”可知，早期诗歌起源于民歌。故选A。
解析
6.What do we know about poetry according to paragraph 2
A.Modern poetry study focuses on the uses of speech.
B.Poetry uses rhythm to achieve good visual effects.
C.Poetry has been treated as a creative act for years.
D.Form makes poetry different from other writings.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段的“From the mid-20th century，poetry has been more generally regarded as a creative act employing language.(从20世纪中期开始，诗歌被普遍认为是一种运用语言的创造性行为)”可知，多年以来，诗歌已被视为一种创造性的行为。故选C。
解析
7.What can be inferred about modern poetry
A.Poets will strictly follow the principle of rhyme.
B.Poets will adopt more diverse forms and styles.
C.Poets will emphasize local language characteristics.
D.Poets will develop new forms of figures of speech.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Much modern poetry reflects a criticism of poetic tradition...learn forms，styles and techniques from diverse cultures and languages.”可知，现代诗歌往往批评传统诗歌规则，有时完全放弃押韵或固定节奏，并且诗人会学习来自不同文化和语言的形式、风格和技巧，由此推知现代诗人将采用更多样的形式和风格。故选B。
解析
8.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.Science fiction. B.Newspaper.
C.Fashion magazine. D.Encyclopedia.
√
文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章内容涉及诗歌的起源、发展以及现代诗歌的趋势，属于文学艺术类知识，而且语言风格平实。由此推知，本文最有可能出自百科全书。 故选D。
解析
①aesthetic adj.美学的n. _____
②informative adj. 　_________________________
③emotive adj. 　 _____________
④symbolism n. 　 _________
⑤stylistic adj. 　 ___________________
语境猜词
美感
有教育意义的，知识性强的
使情绪激动的
象征主义
文体上的，风格上的
Poetry has a long history，dating back to the Epic of Gilgamesh，composed 4,000 years ago in what is now Iraq and Syria.
分析：此句为_____句。dating back to...为现在分词短语作_____；composed...为过去分词短语作_________；what引导_____从句，并在该从句中充当_____。
翻译：_________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
句式分析
复合
定语
后置定语
宾语
主语
诗歌历史悠久，可追溯到《吉尔伽美什史诗》，该史诗于4 000年前创作于现今的伊拉克和叙利亚地区。
How to Write a Free Verse Poem
Let’s say you are working on homework or an assignment about writing a free verse poem and you’re all set to start.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了怎样写自由诗。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读
1 Fortunately，the following steps can solve your problem.
A.Focus on using devices like metaphor，simile，etc.
B.You can also focus on a theme like love or sorrow.
C.Write down the key words that relate to your subject.
D.Look at the place where you could improve on a description.
E.Are you planning to write a perfect draft or write your poem directly
F.However，there’s one problem：you don’t know how to write a free
verse poem!
G.Are you going to write from a certain point of view，like the first
person or the third person
√
上文提到写一首自由诗的作业，选项F“然而，有一个问题：你不知道如何写一首自由诗！”承接上文，转折语义，说明你不会写，引出下文“Fortunately，the following steps can solve your problem.(幸运的是，以下步骤可以解决你的问题。)”点明文章主题：介绍怎样写自由诗。故选F。
解析
Choose a subject.Maybe you can write a poem about a person or your favorite pet. 2 If you have trouble choosing a subject，try closing your eyes and visualizing what is meaningful to you.Then select one that you have an emotional connection to.
A.Focus on using devices like metaphor，simile，etc.
B.You can also focus on a theme like love or sorrow.
C.Write down the key words that relate to your subject.
D.Look at the place where you could improve on a description.
E.Are you planning to write a perfect draft or write your poem directly
F.However，there’s one problem：you don’t know how to write a free verse poem!
G.Are you going to write from a certain point of view，like the first person or the
third person
√
上文“Choose a subject.Maybe you can write a poem about a person or your favorite pet.”建议选择一个主题并举了例子，选项B“你也可以专注于一个主题，比如爱或悲伤。”承接上文，举出另外的可供选择的诗歌主题。故选B。
解析
Think about how to approach the subject. 3 Are you focusing on the specific scene or are you going to write more generally about a certain theme？Are you considering how you can choose certain words to describe the subject？It can be helpful to decide ahead of time what you want to say about the topic.
A.Focus on using devices like metaphor，simile，etc.
B.You can also focus on a theme like love or sorrow.
C.Write down the key words that relate to your subject.
D.Look at the place where you could improve on a description.
E.Are you planning to write a perfect draft or write your poem directly
F.However，there’s one problem：you don’t know how to write a free verse poem!
G.Are you going to write from a certain point of view，like the first person or the
third person
√
上文“Think about how to approach the subject.(想想如何着手处理这个主题。)”和下文“Are you focusing...describe the subject？”说明本段主要讲考虑写作方法和风格，并连续用问句给出思考的方向。选项G“你是否要从某一个角度写作，比如第一人称或第三人称？”承接上文，和下文并列。故选G。
解析
4 Not being too worried about rhyming，you can feel free to explore your topic.Write down as many details as you can think of.For example，if you are describing your last birthday party，you may start by describing who was at the party，the gifts you received，and how you felt during the party.
A.Focus on using devices like metaphor，simile，etc.
B.You can also focus on a theme like love or sorrow.
C.Write down the key words that relate to your subject.
D.Look at the place where you could improve on a description.
E.Are you planning to write a perfect draft or write your poem directly
F.However，there’s one problem：you don’t know how to write a free verse poem!
G.Are you going to write from a certain point of view，like the first person or the
third person
√
下文“Not being too worried about rhyming，you can feel free to explore your topic.Write down as many details as you can think of.(不要太担心押韵，你可以自由地探索你的主题。尽可能多地写下你能想到的细节。)”建议写下所能想到的和主题相关的细节，选项C“写下与你的主题相关的关键词。”适合作本段主题句。故选C。
解析
Create a draft and improve it.Use the list of key words to help you draft a poem. 5 These will help you to create a stronger free verse poem.Then，read your draft loudly and take note of any lines or sections that have a certain rhythm，as well as any lines where a word or phrase sounds off or flat.
A.Focus on using devices like metaphor，simile，etc.
B.You can also focus on a theme like love or sorrow.
C.Write down the key words that relate to your subject.
D.Look at the place where you could improve on a description.
E.Are you planning to write a perfect draft or write your poem directly
F.However，there’s one problem：you don’t know how to write a free verse poem!
G.Are you going to write from a certain point of view，like the first person or the
third person
√
下文“These will help you to create a stronger free verse poem.(这些将帮助你创作一首更强的自由诗。)”说明空处提到一些有助诗歌创作的手法，选项A“注意使用隐喻、明喻等手法。”引领下文，隐喻、明喻等是诗歌创作的手法。故选A。
解析
The Lion Dance，a treasured art form in Guangdong Province and among Southeast Asian Chinese communities,1.______________________
(dominate) by men since it came into being in the Three Kingdoms Period,
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了广州人和南兴合兴堂女子醒狮队。
has been dominated
Ⅴ.语法填空
考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。空处在句中作谓语，根据主语The Lion Dance与dominate构成被动关系，以及时间状语从句“since it came into being in the Three Kingdoms Period”可知，空处用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为单数，助动词用has。故填has been dominated。
解析
2._______ an outstanding girls’ team，the Nanxing Hexingtang Women’s Lion Dance Team from Renhe town in Guangzhou，challenges this convention.
This group of teenage girls has made their mark by creating unique elements such as special flags and banners 3.________________(label) “women’s team”，crafting pink and purple lion heads，and even designing 4.___ lion head inspired by a female general named Mu Guiying from Yue Opera.
but/yet
labeled/labelled
a
2.考查连词。结合句意可知，前后文为转折关系，应用连词but或yet。故填but/yet。
3.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，label与其逻辑主语flags and banners构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填labeled/labelled。
4.考查冠词。此处head为泛指，且lion是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
解析
At the Maofeng Mountain competition before Spring Festival in Guangzhou，they amazed the audience 5. their performance “Tramping Over Mountains and Hills Step by Step”，6. showed the lion leaping over benches，climbing ladders set up as mountains，falling，getting back up，and finally picking greens.This performance mirrored the personal growth journeys of the dancers 7. (they)，as they too have faced and overcome numerous difficulties.
with/by
which
themselves
5.考查介词。短语amaze sb with/by...表示“通过……令某人惊叹”。故填with/by。
6.考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词performance，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，指物。故填which。
7.考查代词。此处指“舞者他们自己”，应用反身代词。故填themselves。
解析
Li Jiawen,17，a team member acting the lion’s head，balanced her 8.___________(demand) schoolwork with training every Friday and Saturday evening.Immediately after the high school finals，she was the first to return to the team 9.________(focus) on competition preparation.
demanding
to focus
8.考查形容词。修饰名词schoolwork应用形容词demanding，意为“繁重的”。故填demanding。
9.考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to focus。
解析
Her 10. (commit) and that of her teammates represent the spirit of perseverance and determination rooted in the Lion Dance tradition.
commitment
考查名词。空处作主语，应用名词commitment，意为“投入”。故填commitment。
解析
返 回
本课结束Period 2　Learning About Language
阅读以下短文，感知加黑的部分并完成练习
Good Deal is a local movement in some countries ①whose aim is to help farmers and workers in less developed areas receive a better deal of their produce.Good Deal products may be a little more expensive than regular ones，but up to 1/3 of the sale price will be given back to the producers.The movement has proven popular among young people ②who want to help producers get the payment ③that/which they deserve.The reason ④why they are willing to spend a little more on Good Deal products is that they believe their purchasing of these products will help improve people’s welfare.However，some people，⑤who are less optimistic，argue that it discriminates against producers ⑥who are not part of the movement.
[自主发现]
以上黑体单词引导的均为定语从句。定语从句是修饰名词或代词的句子，其引导词可分为关系代词和关系副词；关系代词在从句中可充当定语(如①)、主语(如②⑤⑥)、宾语(如③)、表语等；关系副词在从句中作状语(如④)；关系副词有时候可替换成“介词＋关系代词”结构，如④可替换成for which。定语从句一般紧跟在其所修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)之后；用逗号隔开的定语从句是非限制性定语从句(如⑤)，一般不用that引导。
复习定语从句
一、定语从句概述
1．定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句，它所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。
2．构成：
3．关系词用法：
关系代词 that 人、物 主、宾、表
which 物 主、宾
who 人 主、宾
whom 人 宾
whose 人、物 定
as 人、物 主、宾、表
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
4.分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空
①Do you know the student who/that won first prize in the English Speech Competition
②Long-distance running is a kind of exercise which/that is of great benefit.
③A friend of mine whose name was John Smith had a bad memory，which made him famous.
④She concentrated on jogging to the spot where the track curved.
⑤The time when I stayed with you left me a warm and deep impression.
⑥Freddie，as might be expected，was attending the conference when the alarm went off.
⑦Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.
二、关系代词that和which的选择
1．宜用that不宜用which的情况：
(1)先行词是all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时。
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself
你还有什么要为自己说的吗？
(2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only，the very(恰恰，正好)，the last等修饰时。
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最激动人心的足球赛之一。
This is the only thing that we can do now.
这是目前我们唯一能做的事。
(3)先行词既有人又有物时。
The scientist and his achievements that you told us are admired by us all.
我们都很钦佩你告诉我们的那位科学家以及他的成就。
(4)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate
站在门口的那个人是谁？
2．宜用which不宜用that的情况：
(1)在非限制性定语从句中。
Beijing，which is the capital city of China，is a very beautiful city.
北京是一座十分美丽的城市，它是中国的首都。
(2)在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中。
He is looking for a box in which he can put the two rabbits.
他在寻找一个可以把这两只兔子放进去的盒子。
[点津]　(1)关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
This is the factory (that/which) we paid a visit to last month.
这是上个月我们参观过的那家工厂。
(2)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
I’ m fond of the piece of music which is popular with the teenagers.
我喜欢在青少年中流行的那支曲子。
(3)one of＋复数名词＋定语从句，从句谓语动词用复数；the only one of＋复数名词＋定语从句，从句谓语动词用单数。
Lucy is one of the students who were praised by the teacher.
露西是被老师表扬的学生之一。
Lucy is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher.
露西是唯一一个被老师表扬的学生。
[即时训练2]　单句语法填空
①He is the very person that rescued me from the burning building.
②He is the only one of the workers who has finished(finish) the task so far.
③All that he told me just now was true and I opened my mouth in surprise.
三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which或whom，不能用that或who。先行词指物时用which，先行词指人时用whom。
1．“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定：
(1)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定。
I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved.
我买了许多书，我存的所有的钱都花在买书上了。
(2)依据与先行词搭配的具体意义来确定。
I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我将永远不会忘记我在乡下度过的童年时光。
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。
The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
我们赖以生存的无色气体叫氧气。
2．有时为了表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from或to。
There is a big window in my room，from where I can see the railway station.我的房间里有个大窗户，从那里我可以看到火车站。
3．“名词/代词/数词/最高级＋of＋关系代词”通常引导非限制性定语从句，该结构在定语从句中一般作主语。
Recently，I bought an ancient vase，the price of which was very reasonable.
最近，我买了一个古老的花瓶，其价格很合理。
4．当“介词＋关系代词”结构在定语从句中作时间或地点状语时，常常可以与关系副词when/where互换。
The poor man has no house in which he can live.
→The poor man has no house where he can live.这个可怜的人没有房子可住。
[即时训练3]　单句语法填空
①When I look back，I feel fortunate to have chosen college，and particularly science，through which I have rediscovered myself and achieved liberation.
②The images reproduced are found on travel brochures，postcards and maps—many of which are held in our collections.
③We waited in the yard while the sister went in and returned accompanied by her mother，sisters and brother-in-law，all of whom greeted us with cautious warmth.
④We need to have factual knowledge on which we should base our thinking.
四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的不同
1．限制性定语从句：用来修饰和限定先行词，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。它与主句关系十分密切，不用逗号分开，翻译时译成一句话。先行词一般为单个名词或代词，作宾语的关系代词常可省略。
The person (whom/who/that) you are looking for is downstairs.你正在找的那个人在楼下。
2．非限制性定语从句：与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作附加的说明，即使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚完整。它与主句之间常用逗号分开，翻译时译成两句话。先行词既可以是单个的名词或代词，也可以是整个句子。一般不用that来引导非限制性定语从句。关系代词不可省略。
This note was left by Tom，who was here a moment ago.
这张纸条是汤姆留下的，他刚刚还在这里。
Rose had made great progress，which made us very happy.罗斯进步很大，这让我们很高兴。
五、as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
which as
位置上 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末
搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember等
意思上 意为“这一点，这件事” 表示“正如……，正像……”
As is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
正如孩子们常有的情况一样，当医生到达时艾米就好多了。
Until now，we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children，which is quite unexpected.
到目前为止，我们已经为这些可怜的孩子筹集了50 000英镑，这真是始料不及的。
The air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.
正如报告中显示的那样，城市的空气质量在过去的两个月里改善了。
[即时训练4]　单句语法填空
①As is known to us all，showing respect for elders is a tradition for us Chinese.
②My teachers and family had been accompanying me all the way，which gave me support and strength.
③On the way to work，my father helped a young man whose car had broken down.
④My favorite sport is long-distance running，which deserves to be recommended.
完成句子
1．他在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖，这使他的脸上露出了灿烂的笑容。
He won first prize in the English speech contest，which made a bright smile spread across his face.
2．我积极参加了英语讲座，从中对英国和美国的文化有了很好的了解。
I have actively attended English lectures，from which I gained a good knowledge of British and American cultures.
3．欢迎任何对该活动感兴趣的学生参加。
Any student that is interested in the activity is welcome to participate.
4．正如一句老话所说：“只学习，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。”
As an old saying goes，“All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”
5．课外活动可以给我们快乐，帮助我们放松自己，其中打篮球是我的最爱。
Extracurricular activities can give us amusement and help us to relax ourselves，among which playing basketball is my favourite.
6．我们学校下周日将举行主题为“中国传统习俗”的活动。
Our school will hold an activity whose theme is “Traditional Chinese Customs” next Sunday.
7．众所周知，阅读关于传统文化的书籍会对儿童有良好的影响。
As is known to us all，reading books of traditional culture can have a good effect on children.
8．你应该记更多的单词和短语以丰富你的词汇量，这对英语学习至关重要。
You ought to memorize more words and expressions to enrich your vocabulary，which is of vital importance to English learning.
作业2
[分值：80.5分]
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词或“介词＋关系代词”填空(共9小题；每小题2分，满分18分)
1．It was in the restaurant where/in which we had dinner last Sunday that I left my phone that/which I bought last month.
2．Honestly，I will never forget these days that/which he devoted to helping the homeless in the city.
3．The only reason why/for which a man took several jobs would be that he was in desperate need of money.
4．As is known to all，language is the carrier of culture.
5．This is his first cinquain that was composed in English.
6．As we all know，we have now reached an age when almost everything can be done on the Internet.
7．Who that had seen the sight could ever forget it
8．They often drive at high speed，which may put their lives in danger.
9．The story begins in Scotland，where Watt perfected “the machine that/which changed the world”．
Ⅱ.给下列短文中的定语从句填上适当的关系词(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Yangshuo，China
It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn’t care.A few hours before，I’d been at home in Hong Kong,1.where I breathed its choking smog.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.
I’d skipped nearby Guilin,2.which is a dream place for tourists 3.who/that seek the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 4.that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.Instead，I’d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those 5.who fly to Guilin，it’s only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travelers 6.that/which was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 7.that/which are famous in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families 8.that/who are in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent,9.which is a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 10.who/that live in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Jack Prelutsky is an American poet.He is known for his humorous and fantastic poetry for children，which has earned him numerous awards.
Jack Prelutsky was born in Brooklyn，New York in 1940.As a child，he did not enjoy poetry，finding it boring and pointless.Instead，Prelutsky expressed his artistry through music，taking voice and piano lessons.While Prelutsky claims he got into poetry almost by accident，he also states that he was always a poet.It just took him some time to realize his love for poetry.
Prelutsky explored quite a few options before he found his niche in poetry.He was a folk singer and guitar teacher in Greenwich Village in his late teens and early twenties.Prelutsky also held a variety of odd jobs.He worked as a furniture mover，piano mover，taxicab driver，coal shoveler，fruit picker，truck driver and photographer，among other jobs.
At the age of 23，Prelutsky decided to try illustrating.Just before presenting his illustrations to a children’s book editor，he added a few lines of poetry to the pictures.The editor told him that the illustrations were not publishable but the poems showed the talent.Over the next months and years，Prelutsky worked with the editor to create a collection of animal poems inspired by his love of the Bronx Zoo.His first book，entitled A Gopher in the Garden and Other Animal Poems，was published in 1967.
In addition to writing，Prelutsky has edited various poetry collections and translated poetry from German and Swedish into English.He currently resides in Seattle，where he writes and performs his work.Prelutsky is considered one of the most popular children’s poets.His work pioneered a new era of children’s poetry.In 2006，the Poetry Foundation named Jack Prelutsky the first Children’s Poet Laureate，a position designed to promote poetry for children and raise awareness of the power and relevance of poetry for young people.
1．Why did Prelutsky dislike poetry in his early years
A．It was too difficult.
B．He wasn’t good at it.
C．He thought it meaningless.
D．It took up too much of his time.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“As a child，he did not enjoy poetry，finding it boring and pointless.”可知，Jack Prelutsky早年不喜欢诗歌，因为他觉得诗歌无聊，没有意义。故选C。
2．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “niche” in paragraph 3
A．Mistake. B．Dream.
C．Comprehension. D．Interest.
答案　D
解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段末的“It just took him some time to realize his love for poetry.”可知，Prelutsky花了一些时间才意识到自己对诗歌的爱，由此可推知，画线词所在句表示Prelutsky在发现自己对诗歌的兴趣之前，探索了很多选择。由此可知，niche意为“兴趣”。故选D。
3．How old was Prelutsky when he published his first book
A．23. B．27. C．40. D．66.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Jack Prelutsky was born in Brooklyn，New York in 1940.”和第四段中“His first book，entitled A Gopher in the Garden and Other Animal Poems，was published in 1967.”可知，他在27岁的时候出版了他的第一本著作。故选B。
4．What is the purpose of the text
A．To introduce a poet.
B．To attract poetry lovers.
C．To display some excellent poems.
D．To encourage readers to write poems.
答案　A
解析　写作意图题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段和最后一段内容可知，文章主要介绍了美国著名的儿童诗歌诗人——Jack Prelutsky。由此可推知，文章的写作目的是介绍一位诗人。故选A。
B(此篇精读)
Poetry has a long history，dating back to the Epic(史诗) of Gilgamesh，composed 4,000 years ago in what is now Iraq and Syria.Early poems developed from folk songs such as the Chinese Shijing，or from a need to retell the actions of great men and women or about a nation’s history.
Ancient attempts to define poetry，such as Aristotle’s Poetics，focused on the uses of speech in rhetoric，drama，song and comedy.Later attempts concentrated on features such as repetition，verse form and rhyme，and emphasized the aesthetics① which distinguish poetry from more objectively informative② forms of writing.From the mid-20th century，poetry has been more generally regarded as a creative act employing language.
Poetry uses particular forms to suggest different interpretation to words，or to produce emotive③ responses.Devices such as rhythm are used to achieve musical effects.The use of ambiguity(模糊不清)，symbolism④，and other stylistic⑤ elements of poetic description often leaves a poem open to multiple interpretations.Similarly figures of speech such as metaphor and simile create a layering of meanings，forming connections previously not perceived.
Some poetry types are specific to particular cultures and respond to characteristics of the language in which the poet writes.Readers used to identifying poetry with Dante，Goethe，and Rumi may think of it as being written in lines based on rhyme and regular meter；there are，however，traditions that use other means to create rhythm.Much modern poetry reflects a criticism of poetic tradition，playing with and testing the principle of rhyme itself，sometimes altogether giving up rhyme or set rhythm.In today’s increasingly globalized world，poets often learn forms，styles and techniques from diverse cultures and languages.
5．What did early poetry originate from
A．Folk songs. B．Ethnic music.
C．Ancient stories. D．Artistic events.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“Early poems developed from folk songs such as the Chinese Shijing，or from a need to retell the actions of great men and women or about a nation’s history.(早期的诗歌源于民歌，如中国的《诗经》，或者源于复述伟人的行为或一个国家的历史的需要)”可知，早期诗歌起源于民歌。故选A。
6．What do we know about poetry according to paragraph 2
A．Modern poetry study focuses on the uses of speech.
B．Poetry uses rhythm to achieve good visual effects.
C．Poetry has been treated as a creative act for years.
D．Form makes poetry different from other writings.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“From the mid-20th century，poetry has been more generally regarded as a creative act employing language.(从20世纪中期开始，诗歌被普遍认为是一种运用语言的创造性行为)”可知，多年以来，诗歌已被视为一种创造性的行为。故选C。
7．What can be inferred about modern poetry
A．Poets will strictly follow the principle of rhyme.
B．Poets will adopt more diverse forms and styles.
C．Poets will emphasize local language characteristics.
D．Poets will develop new forms of figures of speech.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Much modern poetry reflects a criticism of poetic tradition...learn forms，styles and techniques from diverse cultures and languages.”可知，现代诗歌往往批评传统诗歌规则，有时完全放弃押韵或固定节奏，并且诗人会学习来自不同文化和语言的形式、风格和技巧，由此推知现代诗人将采用更多样的形式和风格。故选B。
8．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．Science fiction. B．Newspaper.
C．Fashion magazine. D．Encyclopedia.
答案　D
解析　文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章内容涉及诗歌的起源、发展以及现代诗歌的趋势，属于文学艺术类知识，而且语言风格平实。由此推知，本文最有可能出自百科全书。 故选D。
[语境猜词]
①aesthetic adj.美学的n.美感
②informative adj.有教育意义的，知识性强的
③emotive adj.使情绪激动的
④symbolism n．象征主义
⑤stylistic adj.文体上的，风格上的
[句式分析]
Poetry has a long history，dating back to the Epic of Gilgamesh，composed 4,000 years ago in what is now Iraq and Syria.
分析：此句为复合句。dating back to...为现在分词短语作定语；composed...为过去分词短语作后置定语；what引导宾语从句，并在该从句中充当主语。
翻译：诗歌历史悠久，可追溯到《吉尔伽美什史诗》，该史诗于4 000年前创作于现今的伊拉克和叙利亚地区。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
How to Write a Free Verse Poem
Let’s say you are working on homework or an assignment about writing a free verse poem and you’re all set to start. 1 Fortunately，the following steps can solve your problem.
Choose a subject.Maybe you can write a poem about a person or your favorite pet. 2 If you have trouble choosing a subject，try closing your eyes and visualizing what is meaningful to you.Then select one that you have an emotional connection to.
Think about how to approach the subject. 3 Are you focusing on the specific scene or are you going to write more generally about a certain theme？Are you considering how you can choose certain words to describe the subject？It can be helpful to decide ahead of time what you want to say about the topic.
4 Not being too worried about rhyming，you can feel free to explore your topic.Write down as many details as you can think of.For example，if you are describing your last birthday party，you may start by describing who was at the party，the gifts you received，and how you felt during the party.
Create a draft and improve it.Use the list of key words to help you draft a poem. 5 These will help you to create a stronger free verse poem.Then，read your draft loudly and take note of any lines or sections that have a certain rhythm，as well as any lines where a word or phrase sounds off or flat.
A．Focus on using devices like metaphor，simile，etc.
B．You can also focus on a theme like love or sorrow.
C．Write down the key words that relate to your subject.
D．Look at the place where you could improve on a description.
E．Are you planning to write a perfect draft or write your poem directly
F．However，there’s one problem：you don’t know how to write a free verse poem!
G．Are you going to write from a certain point of view，like the first person or the third person
1．答案　F
解析　上文提到写一首自由诗的作业，选项F“然而，有一个问题：你不知道如何写一首自由诗！”承接上文，转折语义，说明你不会写，引出下文“Fortunately，the following steps can solve your problem.(幸运的是，以下步骤可以解决你的问题。)”点明文章主题：介绍怎样写自由诗。故选F。
2．答案　B
解析　上文“Choose a subject.Maybe you can write a poem about a person or your favorite pet.”建议选择一个主题并举了例子，选项B“你也可以专注于一个主题，比如爱或悲伤。”承接上文，举出另外的可供选择的诗歌主题。故选B。
3．答案　G
解析　上文“Think about how to approach the subject.(想想如何着手处理这个主题。)”和下文“Are you focusing...describe the subject？”说明本段主要讲考虑写作方法和风格，并连续用问句给出思考的方向。选项G“你是否要从某一个角度写作，比如第一人称或第三人称？”承接上文，和下文并列。故选G。
4．答案　C
解析　下文“Not being too worried about rhyming，you can feel free to explore your topic.Write down as many details as you can think of.(不要太担心押韵，你可以自由地探索你的主题。尽可能多地写下你能想到的细节。)”建议写下所能想到的和主题相关的细节，选项C“写下与你的主题相关的关键词。”适合作本段主题句。故选C。
5．答案　A
解析　下文“These will help you to create a stronger free verse poem.(这些将帮助你创作一首更强的自由诗。)”说明空处提到一些有助诗歌创作的手法，选项A“注意使用隐喻、明喻等手法。”引领下文，隐喻、明喻等是诗歌创作的手法。故选A。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
The Lion Dance，a treasured art form in Guangdong Province and among Southeast Asian Chinese communities,1. (dominate) by men since it came into being in the Three Kingdoms Period,2. an outstanding girls’ team，the Nanxing Hexingtang Women’s Lion Dance Team from Renhe town in Guangzhou，challenges this convention.This group of teenage girls has made their mark by creating unique elements such as special flags and banners 3.___________(label) “women’s team”，crafting pink and purple lion heads，and even designing 4.____________ lion head inspired by a female general named Mu Guiying from Yue Opera.
At the Maofeng Mountain competition before Spring Festival in Guangzhou，they amazed the audience 5. their performance “Tramping Over Mountains and Hills Step by Step”，6. showed the lion leaping over benches，climbing ladders set up as mountains，falling，getting back up，and finally picking greens.This performance mirrored the personal growth journeys of the dancers 7. (they)，as they too have faced and overcome numerous difficulties.
Li Jiawen,17，a team member acting the lion’s head，balanced her 8. (demand) schoolwork with training every Friday and Saturday evening.Immediately after the high school finals，she was the first to return to the team 9. (focus) on competition preparation.Her 10. (commit) and that of her teammates represent the spirit of perseverance and determination rooted in the Lion Dance tradition.
1．答案　has been dominated
解析　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。空处在句中作谓语，根据主语The Lion Dance与dominate构成被动关系，以及时间状语从句“since it came into being in the Three Kingdoms Period”可知，空处用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为单数，助动词用has。故填has been dominated。
2．答案　but/yet
解析　考查连词。结合句意可知，前后文为转折关系，应用连词but或yet。故填but/yet。
3．答案　labeled/labelled
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，label与其逻辑主语flags and banners构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填labeled/labelled。
4．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。此处head为泛指，且lion是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
5．答案　with/by
解析　考查介词。短语amaze sb with/by...表示“通过……令某人惊叹”。故填with/by。
6．答案　which
解析　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词performance，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，指物。故填which。
7．答案　themselves
解析　考查代词。此处指“舞者他们自己”，应用反身代词。故填themselves。
8．答案　demanding
解析　考查形容词。修饰名词schoolwork应用形容词demanding，意为“繁重的”。故填demanding。
9．答案　to focus
解析　考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to focus。
10．答案　commitment
解析　考查名词。空处作主语，应用名词commitment，意为“投入”。故填commitment。

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