资源简介

(共83张PPT)
Period 2
Learning About Language
Iconic attractions
Unit 2
内容索引
情境导读
语法精讲
达标检测
作业2
情境导读
阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分并完成练习
Last week，①attracted by a particular article in a magazine，Anne bought the book ②written by Thomas Jason.Three days ago，to have her composition ③completed quickly，she copied sections of the book without thinking.Her teacher was very ④satisfied with her composition.⑤Praised in class，she felt happy as well as ashamed.Then，the teacher wanted to enter her composition into a writing competition.⑥Shocked by the decision，Anne did not know what to do.If she told the truth，the whole class would look down on her.If she kept silent，maybe no one would ever find out.What should Anne do？
以上加颜色部分为过去分词(短语)，可在句中作状语，如 ；表语，如 ；定语，如 ；宾语补足语，如 。
返 回
①⑤⑥
④
②
③
语法精讲
一、概念
复习过去分词
过去分词是一种非谓语动词，在句中不能单独作谓语。过去分词保留着动词的部分特性，有完成或被动含义，可带状语构成过去分词短语，可充当表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等句子成分。
二、过去分词作表语
1.过去分词作表语，多表示主语的状态或状况，它体现的是形容词的特性。用于主系表结构中，系动词除了be外，还有get，become，look，feel，seem，remain，stay等。
We were stunned at the news.
听到这个消息，我们都目瞪口呆。
My niece became accustomed to her campus life.我侄女习惯了她的校园生活。
She looked very disappointed.她看上去很失望。
He remained unmarried after so many years.
这么多年后他仍然未婚。
2.有些动词的现在分词作表语与过去分词所表示的意思不同，前者表示“令人……的”，后者则表示“感到……的”。这类常见的动词有surprise，move，inspire，encourage，excite，astonish，amaze，worry等。
The movie was so moving that we were moved to tears.
这部电影太感人了，我们都感动得流下了眼泪。
[注意]　过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
形式 例句 意义
过去分词作表语 The cup is broken.杯子破了。 强调主语所处的状态
动词的被动语态 The cup was broken by Tom.杯子是被汤姆打破的。 表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空
①Many tourists remained (stick) on the island as a result of a heavy storm.
②She said that our teacher was with the result which was really
_________.(satisfy)
③The weather this summer is (disappoint).
④I am (confuse) about the concept，so could you please explain it to me
stuck
satisfied
satisfying
disappointing
confused
三、过去分词作定语
1.意义
意义 例句
及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成 a polluted river一条被污染的河流
The science fiction published last year is popular.这本去年出版的科幻小说深受欢迎。
不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成 the risen sun升起的太阳
There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
地上有很多落叶。
2.位置
单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。单个的过去分词和过去分词短语作定语时，一般可以转换成一个定语从句。
The doctor found that the affected people had drunk polluted water.
＝The doctor found that the people who were affected had drunk the water that was polluted.
医生发现被感染的人喝了被污染的水。
A watched pot never boils.
＝A pot that is watched never boils.
(谚语)心急锅不开。
The student criticized by the teacher yesterday often fights with others.
＝The student who was criticized by the teacher yesterday often fights with others.
昨天被老师批评的那个学生经常和别人打架。
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.
＝This will be the best novel of its kind that has ever been written.
这本小说将是这类小说中写得最好的。
3.过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别
过去分词表示被动；现在分词表示主动。
The swimming pool built last year attracts many children this summer.
去年建造的游泳池今年夏天吸引了许多孩子。
The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 2016.
矗立在街角的那所房子是在2016年建造的。
4.过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动形式(being done)和动词不定式的被动形式(to be done)作定语的区别
形式 意义
语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 进行
to be done 被动 将来
The building built last month is our classroom building.上个月建造的大楼是我们的教学楼。
The building being built at present is our classroom building.
现在正在建造的大楼是我们的教学楼。
The building to be built next month is our classroom building.
下个月要建造的大楼是我们的教学楼。
[即时训练2]　单句语法填空
①My mother is chatting with a young lady (call) Mary.
②With the help of many villagers，the (fall) leaves have been cleaned.
③The student (praise) by our teacher at the moment is our monitor.
④The trees (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.
⑤The meeting (hold) tomorrow is of great importance.
⑥Tell the children (play) outside not to make too much noise.
called
fallen
being praised
blown
to be held
playing
四、过去分词作宾语补足语
1.意义：过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，它前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。过去分词作宾语补足语时，其所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。作宾语补足语的多是及物动词的过去分词。
2.三类接过去分词作宾补的动词
类别 例句
表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如see，watch，observe，find，hear，feel，notice等。 I heard the result of the contest announced in the end.
最后我听到比赛结果被公布了。
He found his purse lost.
他发现他的钱包丢了。
类别 例句
表示“致使”意义的动词。如have，make，get，keep，leave等。 I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.
明天我要去理发。
He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。
Don’t leave those things undone.
务必把那些事情做完。
类别 例句
表示“希望、意愿”“要求”意义的动词。如like，order，want，wish，expect等，其结构为“及物动词＋宾语＋(to be)＋过去分词”。 I would like this matter (to be) settled at once.
我希望此事立刻得到解决。
I wish my homework(to be) finished before five o’clock.我希望在5点前完成我的作业。
[点津]　“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”的三种含义
例句 含义
We had/got the machine repaired. 我们请人修了机器。 表示请/让别人做某事，但别人是谁，往往不加说明
I had/got my house repaired last week. 上周，我修补了房子。 完成或解决某事(主语可能参与其中)
He had his wallet stolen. 他的钱包被偷了。 表示“遭遇”，往往是对主语不利的意外事件或事故，这时的have不可用get替换
3.“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构
在“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，这一结构通常在句子中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
With water heated，we can see the steam.
水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。
She stood in front of him，with her eyes fixed on his face.
她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他的脸。
[比较] 现在分词作宾语补足语，表示与宾语之间是主动关系。
I had him waiting outside for a while，because I had to deal with an unexpected matter.
我让他在外面等了一会儿，因为我要处理一件意想不到的事情。
[即时训练3]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I heard my name (call) in the street.
②He tried to make himself (understand) by his students in class.
③He felt someone (follow) him，which nearly scared him to death.
④He wanted his named (include) in the list.
⑤在去市中心之前，你必须把你的车修理了。
Before going downtown，you must ________________________________
_______.
called
understood
following
included
have/get your car repaired/fixed/
mended
五、过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词(when，while，if，once，unless，although等)，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等。
(时间状语)When seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.
＝When it is seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.
从山顶往下看时，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。
(原因状语)Punished by his mother，the boy burst into tears.
＝Because he was punished by his mother，the boy burst into tears.
因为被妈妈惩罚，男孩大哭起来。
(条件状语)Given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper.
＝If given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper.
＝If I am given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper.
如果再多给我几分钟，我就能做完试卷了。
(条件状语)The girl would keep silent for hours unless asked.
＝The girl would keep silent for hours unless she was asked.
这个女孩会一连几个小时不说话，除非被问到。
(让步状语)Exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight.
＝Although/Though exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight.
＝Although/Though he was exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight.尽管疲惫不堪，总理还是继续处理政治问题直到深夜。
(伴随状语)The scientist Tu Youyou came in，followed by her assistant.
＝The scientist Tu Youyou came in and she was followed by her assistant.
科学家屠呦呦进来了，后面跟着她的助手。
[注意]　有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时不表示被动，而表示人的状态。常见的有lost，seated，hidden，absorbed，born，dressed，interested，worried/concerned，satisfied/pleased，tired等。
Absorbed in reading the science fiction，he didn’t hear the sound of the horn.因为沉迷于读那本科幻小说，所以他没听到喇叭声。
Greatly interested，I asked how he played the didgeridoo.因为非常感兴趣，我问他是如何演奏迪吉里杜管的。
Located on the east coast of China，Qingdao is an important port city of China.位于中国东部海岸线上，青岛是中国一个重要的港口城市。
Disappointed at the result，the girl stood there without saying a word.
因为对结果很失望，女孩站在那里一句话也没说。
[比较]　现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语也是句子的主语，两者之间含有主动关系。
[即时训练4]　单句语法填空
① (influence) by his father，he has a passion for maths.
② (give) another chance，he will do better.
③When (cross) the street，you can’t be careful enough.
④ (misunderstand) by my mother，I was in a bad mood.
⑤ (satisfy) with what I did，my father praised me.
返 回
Influenced
Given
crossing
Misunderstood
Satisfied
达标检测
1.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves (lose) for words.
2.The boy (swim) in the pool is an exchange student from the USA.
3. (offer) a higher salary，the company appeals to more young people.
4. (translate) into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
5.Claire had her luggage (check) an hour before her plane left.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
lost
swimming
Offering
Translated
checked
6.Michael put up a poster beside the bed to keep himself (work) hard to achieve his dream.
7.The players (select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
8.The football match was (excite) and we couldn’t contain our inner excitement.
9. (worry) about the time available，the girl made a list of the tourist attractions she wanted to visit.
10.There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and (disappoint).
selected
working
exciting
Worried
disappointed
Vingo坐在那里，非常吃惊，眼睛凝视着橡树(oak tree)。被许多黄手帕覆盖，橡树像一面欢迎的旗帜，随风飘扬。Vingo很高兴，他的心狂跳不已。激动的Vingo从座位上站起来，向公共汽车的前面走去。他迫不及待地想见到他心爱的妻子和孩子们，他们一直期待着他的归来。
Vingo sat there 1. ，with his eyes 2. .
3. ，the tree stood like a banner of welcome,4. .Vingo was 5. and his heart was beating wildly.6. Vingo rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus.He couldn’t wait to meet his beloved wife and children 7. .
Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用过去分词
amazed
fixed on the oak tree
Covered with many yellow handkerchiefs
waving in the wind
delighted
Excited/Thrilled
looking forward to his returning
返 回
作业2
1.随着假期临近，我的同学们变得越来越兴奋。(现在分词作宾补)
，my classmates are becoming more and more excited.
2.因为担心即将到来的考试，有些同学学习到深夜。(过去分词短语作状语)
，some students study until midnight.
3.我的同桌不想浪费时间，所以他经常让人把饭带到教室里来。(过去分词短语作宾补)
My deskmate doesn’t want to waste time，so he often ________________
_______________.
Ⅰ.完成句子
With the holiday/vacation approaching
Worried about the upcoming exam
has meals brought
to the classroom
4.正在被语文老师表扬的那个学生擅长写作文。(现在分词短语作后置定语)
The student is good at writing compositions.
5.他经常做一些从网上下载的练习题。(过去分词短语作定语)
He often does some exercises .
6.决心向他学习，我也开始充分利用课堂上的每一分钟。我相信我的努力迟早会取得回报。[过去分词(短语)作状语、作表语]
，I also begin to make the most of every minute in class，and I that my effort will pay off sooner or later.
being praised by our Chinese teacher now
downloaded from the Internet
Determined to learn from him
am convinced
7.我唱着歌，跳着舞，像一只快乐的小鸟一样走进我的房间。(现在分词作状语)
，I stepped into my room like a happy bird.
Dancing and singing
Lin Yang had an unforgettable experience last year.1. (infect) with a serious disease，he was sent to a hospital 2. (locate) in the centre of the city，far from his school.3. (be) a senior 3 student，he couldn’t devote himself to his study like his classmates.Therefore，he was 4. (worry)，which had a bad effect on his treatment.He managed to make him 5. (understand) by telling his doctor his worries. One day，his 6. (attend) doctor came in,7. (follow) by another patient with glasses.When 8. (tell) that the patient was a teacher who would help students like Lin Yang review their lessons，Lin Yang jumped with joy.
Ⅱ.语法填空
Infected
located
Being
worried
understood
attending
followed
told
A
After decades of work trying to save the giant panda，Chinese officials have announced the species is no longer endangered.The pandas have been reclassified in the country from endangered to vulnerable(易危的) after efforts to increase the population.Now the number has risen to 1,800 in the wild.
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。中国官员宣布，经过几十年的努力，大熊猫不再是濒危物种，而被降为易危物种。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
“China has established a relatively complete nature reserves system，” said Cui Shuhong，director of the Department of Natural Ecological Protection of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.“Large areas of natural ecosystems have been systematically and completely protected，and wildlife habitats have been effectively improved.” The latest classification downgrade reflects their improved living conditions and China’s efforts in keeping their habitats integrated，Cui added.
Bamboo makes up 90% of pandas’ diets，and the animals would likely starve without the shoots(竹笋).Experts believe China’s efforts to replant bamboo forests have been the key to the increase in the population of pandas.Generally speaking，a panda has to eat at least 26 pounds of bamboo every day to maintain its energy，so large areas of bamboo forests are primary to their survival.
Planting bamboo also has advantages for the planet，as the bamboo is grass，not a tree，and is incredibly efficient at absorbing carbon dioxide，as well as emitting(排放) 35% more oxygen than trees.
“The Chinese have done a great job in investing in panda habitats，expanding and setting up new reserves，” Ginette Hemley，senior vice president of conservation at the World Wildlife Fund，told the media.“They are a wonderful example of what can happen when a government is committed to conservation.”
Continuing China’s success will be dependent on the country protecting land from agricultural and urban development.As land becomes rarer，measures will need to be extended to protect more land，to ensure bamboo forests can thrive and as a result，protect the future of the world’s most lovable，lazy，and monochrome (black and white) creature.
1.What do we know about the giant panda according to paragraph 1
A.It is an endangered species.
B.It increases by 1,800 each year.
C.It has seen a decline in population.
D.It has got a classification downgrade.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The pandas have been reclassified in the country from endangered to vulnerable(易危的) after efforts to increase the population.”可知，中国大熊猫被从濒危物种降级为易危物种。故选D。
解析
2.What can be inferred from Ginette Hemley’s words
A.Social media makes a difference.
B.Panda habitats are getting smaller.
C.Government’s commitment is crucial.
D.Setting up new reserves is impossible.
√
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“‘The Chinese have done a great job in investing in panda habitats...’ Ginette Hemley...‘They are a wonderful example of what can happen when a government is committed to conservation.’”可知，Ginette Hemley说的话表明政府的努力是至关重要的。故选C。
解析
3.What can be the challenge China faces in achieving continued success
A.Lazy and monochrome animals.
B.Lack of support from the World Wildlife Fund.
C.The emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
D.The influence of agricultural and urban development.
√
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Continuing China’s success will be dependent on the country protecting land from agricultural and urban development.”可知，中国在取得持续成功的过程中会面临的挑战是农业和城市发展的影响。故选D。
解析
4.Where is this text probably from
A.A news report.
B.An educational journal.
C.A travel magazine.
D.A biology textbook.
√
文章出处题。文章第一段介绍了一个好消息，经过多年的努力，大熊猫不再是濒危物种，已被降为易危物种；下文则进一步介绍了中国为保护大熊猫所做出的努力以及相关人员的看法。由此可推知，文章可能来自新闻报道，第一段则为该新闻报道的导语。故选A。
解析
B(此篇精读)
Record sea ice loss caused a mass die-off① of emperor penguin chicks in part of Antarctica last year，strengthening predictions that the world’s largest penguin will soon be in danger of extinction.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是由于海冰创纪录的融化，帝企鹅经历了严重的繁殖失败。
Unlike other penguins，emperor penguins breed(繁殖) on sea ice rather than land.Male emperor penguins hatch the eggs during the Antarctic winter.The furry② grey chicks need stable sea ice until December to grow their black waterproof feathers and gain enough muscle to swim.If they go into the water before they develop feathers，chicks can drown or freeze to death.
In February，the area of sea ice around Antarctica reached the lowest extent ever observed.After much of the ice began breaking up late last year，four out of five habitats in the hard-bit central and eastern Bellingshausen Sea suffered a total breeding failure，with no chicks surviving to the feather growing period.In mid-November，the sea ice there broke up，forcing the penguins to abandon the habitat and most，if not all，of their chicks.
A research team from Oxford Brookes University monitored populations by spotting penguin faeces(排泄物) in satellite photos. Emperor penguins tend to stay close，walking in a tight group to stay warm in temperatures as low as －60 ℃.The buildup of the habitat’s faeces stains③ the ice so brown that it can be seen from space.Once a habitat has been identified，researchers can count the individual penguins in very high-resolution satellite images.
The observations add weight to modelling predictions that 90 percent of emperor penguin habitats could be extinct or past the point of no return by 2100 if current rates of warming continue.While habitats can lose chicks in heavy storms or when severe winds break up the sea ice，this is the first time widespread breeding failure has been linked to disappearing ice.
“Failure is the norm，but complete failure across a whole region，that’s not normal，” says Tim at Oxford Brookes University.“Will this impact the population It really depends on how often it happens.”
5.What was the result of the ice breaking last year
A.The area of the sea reached the lowest point ever.
B.Emperor penguins left the habitats with their chicks.
C.Emperor penguins had to search for food themselves.
D.Most emperor penguin chicks studied failed to survive.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段内容和第三段中的“After much of the ice began breaking up late last year，four out of five habitats...no chicks surviving to the feather growing period.”可知，去年的海冰破裂造成了大多数被研究的帝企鹅幼崽都没能存活。故选D。
解析
6.How did the team identify a habitat in satellite images
A.By counting the penguins.
B.By making the images clearer.
C.By spotting brown stained ice.
D.By collecting penguins’ faeces.
√
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A research team from Oxford Brookes University monitored populations by spotting penguin faeces(排泄物) in satellite photos.”和“The buildup of the habitat’s faeces stains the ice so brown that it can be seen from space.”可知，该团队是通过在卫星图像中发现棕色的冰确定栖息地的。故选C。
解析
7.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs
A.The area suffered breeding failure for the first time.
B.Severe storms caused the extensive breeding failure.
C.The total failure has made emperor penguins extinct.
D.The frequency of ice breaking needs to be controlled.
√
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，如果目前气候变暖的速度持续，到2100年90%的帝企鹅栖息地将可能灭绝或处于临界点，结合尾段中的“Will this impact the population It really depends on how often it happens.”可知，帝企鹅的数量是否会受影响取决于破冰发生的频率。由此推知，需要控制破冰的频率。故选D。
解析
8.What is the passage mainly about
A.The main causes of global warming.
B.The emperor penguin habitats.
C.Emperor penguins’ severe breeding failure.
D.Health problems of emperor penguin chicks.
√
主旨大意题。根据首段及下文内容可知，研究者发现气候变暖造成的海冰减少导致帝企鹅的栖息地减少，进而造成帝企鹅繁殖失败。由此可知，本文主要讲述的是帝企鹅的严重繁殖失败。故选C。
解析
语境猜词
①die-off __________________
②furry adj.__________
③stain v.______________
覆盖毛皮的
留下污渍；弄脏
相继死去；大批死亡
While habitats can lose chicks in heavy storms or when severe winds break up the sea ice，this is the first time widespread breeding failure has been linked to disappearing ice.
分析：此句为 句。while引导 从句，意为“ ”；when引导 从句；主句为“this is＋第几次＋主语＋ ”结构，意为“ ”。
翻译：_________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
句式分析
复合
虽然栖息地会在暴风雨中或者强风使海冰破裂时失去幼鸟，但这是首次出现广泛的繁殖失败与海冰消失相关的情况。
让步状语
虽然，尽管
时间状语
现在完成时
这是第几次……
On hearing the word vacation，most people react positively.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是旅行时选择与谁同行的重要性，并比较了与家人、朋友一起旅行以及独自旅行的不同体验。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读
A.They can change plans more easily.
B.Each person tends to cover his or her individual expenses.
C.Another potential problem of family travel is transportation.
D.Sightseeing and scheduling are not a problem for solo travelers.
E.In fact，friendships are often strengthened with the travel memories.
F.Traveling with friends can be an unforgettable experience for several reasons.
G.Vacations can be classified on the basis of who vacationers choose to travel with.
√
Experienced travelers will argue that more important than where they go on vacation is who they go with. 1
空前“Experienced travelers will argue that more important than where they go on vacation is who they go with.”说明有经验的旅行者认为和谁一起去度假比去哪里更重要，空格处内容应该与“和谁一起去度假”有关，G选项“Vacations can be classified on the basis of who vacationers choose to travel with.”说明了假期可以根据度假者选择和谁一起旅行来分类，承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
解析
Family travel is special and creates lasting memories，but it can also have some challenges.For one，the success of a trip often depends on the relationships that the family members have with one another.If two brothers do not get along at home，the chances are that they will fight during a vacation.
2 If a family is traveling by air，purchasing plane tickets for everyone can be very expensive.
A.They can change plans more easily.
B.Each person tends to cover his or her individual expenses.
C.Another potential problem of family travel is transportation.
D.Sightseeing and scheduling are not a problem for solo travelers.
E.In fact，friendships are often strengthened with the travel memories.
F.Traveling with friends can be an unforgettable experience for several reasons.
G.Vacations can be classified on the basis of who vacationers choose to travel with.
√
空前“For one，the success of a trip often depends on the relationships that the family members have with one another.”说明了与家人一起旅行能否成功首先是取决于家庭成员彼此之间的关系如何，空格处应该说另一个问题，结合空后“If a family is traveling by air，purchasing plane tickets for everyone can be very expensive.”说明的是交通方面的问题，可知空格处应该引出交通这个问题，因此C选项“Another potential problem of family travel is transportation.”承上启下，符合语境，故选C。
解析
3 Close friends often have similar personalities，so they generally get along with each other and fight less than family members might on a trip.
A.They can change plans more easily.
B.Each person tends to cover his or her individual expenses.
C.Another potential problem of family travel is transportation.
D.Sightseeing and scheduling are not a problem for solo travelers.
E.In fact，friendships are often strengthened with the travel memories.
F.Traveling with friends can be an unforgettable experience for several reasons.
G.Vacations can be classified on the basis of who vacationers choose to travel with.
√
空后“Close friends often...ruin the friendship.”说明了和朋友一起出去旅游是很好的，空格处应该引出“和朋友出去旅游”这个话题，因此F选项“Traveling with friends can be an unforgettable experience for several reasons.”符合语境，故选F。
解析
Furthermore，if friends are close，even a terrible trip will not ruin the friendship. 4 All in all，traveling with friends can be a positive experience that results in a great vacation and，likely，a stronger friendship.
A.They can change plans more easily.
B.Each person tends to cover his or her individual expenses.
C.Another potential problem of family travel is transportation.
D.Sightseeing and scheduling are not a problem for solo travelers.
E.In fact，friendships are often strengthened with the travel memories.
F.Traveling with friends can be an unforgettable experience for several reasons.
G.Vacations can be classified on the basis of who vacationers choose to travel with.
√
空前“Furthermore，if friends are close，even a terrible trip will not ruin the friendship.”说明了如果和亲密的朋友出去旅游，即使体验很糟糕也不会破坏友谊，E选项“In fact，friendships are often strengthened with the travel memories.”说明了友谊会因为有了一起旅行的回忆而加强，这是旅游给友谊带来的好处，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
解析
Finally，people can choose to travel alone.Solo travelers can be more flexible with transportation than those traveling in a large group. 5 And they also have better chances of getting a seat on buses or planes since they only need one.In addition，solo travelers are more likely to meet locals or other vacationers because they are more likely to want to talk with others.
A.They can change plans more easily.
B.Each person tends to cover his or her individual expenses.
C.Another potential problem of family travel is transportation.
D.Sightseeing and scheduling are not a problem for solo travelers.
E.In fact，friendships are often strengthened with the travel memories.
F.Traveling with friends can be an unforgettable experience for several reasons.
G.Vacations can be classified on the basis of who vacationers choose to travel with.
√
空前“Solo travelers can be more flexible with transportation than those traveling in a large group.”说明了独自旅行在选择交通工具方面比跟团旅行的人更灵活，空格处应该说明灵活体现在什么方面，A选项“They can change plans more easily.”说明了他们可以更容易地改变计划，体现了独自旅行的灵活性，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选A。
解析
Ⅴ.语法填空
The tulou，a type of earth-built dwelling(住所)，is constructed using stones 1. the foundation.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了福建土楼的特点和重要性。
as
考查介词。固定短语use...as...意为“使用……作为……”。故填as。
解析
It is a special type of rural dwelling unique to the Hakka people living in the mountainous areas across Fujian Province.The Fujian tulou,2._______
you can find many details showing the 3. (wise) and myth of the local people，is listed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
where
2.考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对表示地点的先行词The Fujian tulou作补充说明，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。
3.考查名词。空处与myth并列作show的宾语，应用wise的名词形式wisdom，意为“智慧”，是不可数名词。故填wisdom。
解析
wisdom
With raw earth as the main material，together with bamboo and wood as the framework，the buildings 4. (build) layer by layer，ranging in height from three to five stories.A single tulou can house hundreds of people who share the same surname.
are built
考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述通常性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，build和主语the buildings之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数，be动词应用are。故填are built。
解析
As for the shape，not all of 5. are doughnut-shaped.Some are oval，square or rectangular.
考查代词。空处作介词of的宾语，结合“As for the shape”可知，此处指“这些建筑的形状”，应用代词them指代上文提到的the buildings。故填them。
解析
them
It is said that a tulou requires restoration only once a century.During the process，the craftsmen are considered not only 6. (architect) but also sculptors.However，nowadays young people are no longer interested in learning the necessary skills，casting a shadow over 7._____ future of the unique treasure.
architects
6.考查名词复数。空处和sculptors并列，作主语补足语，主语the craftsmen为复数，可数名词architect应用复数形式。故填architects。
7.考查冠词。此处特指“这一独特宝藏的未来”，应用定冠词the。故填the。
解析
the
8. (lucky)，this unique form of architecture,9. (dot) around mainly in Fujian’s Longyan and Zhangzhou，
Luckily
8.考查副词。空处修饰整个句子，应用副词作状语，lucky的副词形式luckily符合题意，意为“幸运的是”，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填Luckily。
9.考查非谓语动词。句子主干成分完整，空处作this unique form of architecture的非限制性后置定语，dot和this unique form of architecture之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用dot的过去分词形式。故填dotted。
解析
dotted
is still well preserved and 10. (function) today，attracting people to appreciate the intelligence and creativity of the Hakka people.
functioning
考查动词时态。空处作谓语，function和主语this unique form of architecture之间是主动关系，结合“today”可知，此处表示正发挥着作用，时态应用现在进行时，空前已有is，function应用现在分词的形式。故填functioning。
解析
返 回
本课结束Period 2　Learning About Language
阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分并完成练习
Last week，①attracted by a particular article in a magazine，Anne bought the book ②written by Thomas Jason.Three days ago，to have her composition ③completed quickly，she copied sections of the book without thinking.Her teacher was very ④satisfied with her composition.⑤Praised in class，she felt happy as well as ashamed.Then，the teacher wanted to enter her composition into a writing competition.⑥Shocked by the decision，Anne did not know what to do.If she told the truth，the whole class would look down on her.If she kept silent，maybe no one would ever find out.What should Anne do？
以上黑体部分为过去分词(短语)，可在句中作状语，如①⑤⑥；表语，如④；定语，如②；宾语补足语，如③。
一、概念
复习过去分词
过去分词是一种非谓语动词，在句中不能单独作谓语。过去分词保留着动词的部分特性，有完成或被动含义，可带状语构成过去分词短语，可充当表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等句子成分。
二、过去分词作表语
1．过去分词作表语，多表示主语的状态或状况，它体现的是形容词的特性。用于主系表结构中，系动词除了be外，还有get，become，look，feel，seem，remain，stay等。
We were stunned at the news.
听到这个消息，我们都目瞪口呆。
My niece became accustomed to her campus life.我侄女习惯了她的校园生活。
She looked very disappointed.她看上去很失望。
He remained unmarried after so many years.
这么多年后他仍然未婚。
2．有些动词的现在分词作表语与过去分词所表示的意思不同，前者表示“令人……的”，后者则表示“感到……的”。这类常见的动词有surprise，move，inspire，encourage，excite，astonish，amaze，worry等。
The movie was so moving that we were moved to tears.
这部电影太感人了，我们都感动得流下了眼泪。
[注意]　过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
形式 例句 意义
过去分词作表语 The cup is broken.杯子破了。 强调主语所处的状态
动词的被动语态 The cup was broken by Tom.杯子是被汤姆打破的。 表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空
①Many tourists remained stuck(stick) on the island as a result of a heavy storm.
②She said that our teacher was satisfied with the result which was really satisfying.(satisfy)
③The weather this summer is disappointing(disappoint)．
④I am confused(confuse) about the concept，so could you please explain it to me
三、过去分词作定语
1．意义
意义 例句
及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成 a polluted river一条被污染的河流 The science fiction published last year is popular.这本去年出版的科幻小说深受欢迎。
不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成 the risen sun升起的太阳 There are many fallen leaves on the ground. 地上有很多落叶。
2.位置
单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。单个的过去分词和过去分词短语作定语时，一般可以转换成一个定语从句。
The doctor found that the affected people had drunk polluted water.
＝The doctor found that the people who were affected had drunk the water that was polluted.
医生发现被感染的人喝了被污染的水。
A watched pot never boils.
＝A pot that is watched never boils.
(谚语)心急锅不开。
The student criticized by the teacher yesterday often fights with others.
＝The student who was criticized by the teacher yesterday often fights with others.
昨天被老师批评的那个学生经常和别人打架。
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.
＝This will be the best novel of its kind that has ever been written.
这本小说将是这类小说中写得最好的。
3．过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别
过去分词表示被动；现在分词表示主动。
The swimming pool built last year attracts many children this summer.
去年建造的游泳池今年夏天吸引了许多孩子。
The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 2016.
矗立在街角的那所房子是在2016年建造的。
4．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动形式(being done)和动词不定式的被动形式(to be done)作定语的区别
形式 意义
语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 进行
to be done 被动 将来
The building built last month is our classroom building.上个月建造的大楼是我们的教学楼。
The building being built at present is our classroom building.
现在正在建造的大楼是我们的教学楼。
The building to be built next month is our classroom building.
下个月要建造的大楼是我们的教学楼。
[即时训练2]　单句语法填空
①My mother is chatting with a young lady called(call) Mary.
②With the help of many villagers，the fallen(fall) leaves have been cleaned.
③The student being praised(praise) by our teacher at the moment is our monitor.
④The trees blown(blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.
⑤The meeting to be held(hold) tomorrow is of great importance.
⑥Tell the children playing(play) outside not to make too much noise.
四、过去分词作宾语补足语
1．意义：过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，它前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。过去分词作宾语补足语时，其所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。作宾语补足语的多是及物动词的过去分词。
2．三类接过去分词作宾补的动词
类别 例句
表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如see，watch，observe，find，hear，feel，notice等。 I heard the result of the contest announced in the end. 最后我听到比赛结果被公布了。 He found his purse lost. 他发现他的钱包丢了。
表示“致使”意义的动词。如have，make，get，keep，leave等。 I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要去理发。 He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。 Don’t leave those things undone. 务必把那些事情做完。
表示“希望、意愿”“要求”意义的动词。如like，order，want，wish，expect等，其结构为“及物动词＋宾语＋(to be)＋过去分词”。 I would like this matter (to be) settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。 I wish my homework(to be) finished before five o’clock.我希望在5点前完成我的作业。
[点津]　“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”的三种含义
例句 含义
We had/got the machine repaired. 我们请人修了机器。 表示请/让别人做某事，但别人是谁，往往不加说明
I had/got my house repaired last week. 上周，我修补了房子。 完成或解决某事(主语可能参与其中)
He had his wallet stolen. 他的钱包被偷了。 表示“遭遇”，往往是对主语不利的意外事件或事故，这时的have不可用get替换
3.“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构
在“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，这一结构通常在句子中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
With water heated，we can see the steam.
水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。
She stood in front of him，with her eyes fixed on his face.
她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他的脸。
[比较] 现在分词作宾语补足语，表示与宾语之间是主动关系。
I had him waiting outside for a while，because I had to deal with an unexpected matter.
我让他在外面等了一会儿，因为我要处理一件意想不到的事情。
[即时训练3]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I heard my name called(call) in the street.
②He tried to make himself understood(understand) by his students in class.
③He felt someone following(follow) him，which nearly scared him to death.
④He wanted his named included(include) in the list.
⑤在去市中心之前，你必须把你的车修理了。
Before going downtown，you must have/get your car repaired/fixed/mended.
五、过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词(when，while，if，once，unless，although等)，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等。
(时间状语)When seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.
＝When it is seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.
从山顶往下看时，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。
(原因状语)Punished by his mother，the boy burst into tears.
＝Because he was punished by his mother，the boy burst into tears.
因为被妈妈惩罚，男孩大哭起来。
(条件状语)Given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper.
＝If given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper.
＝If I am given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper.
如果再多给我几分钟，我就能做完试卷了。
(条件状语)The girl would keep silent for hours unless asked.
＝The girl would keep silent for hours unless she was asked.
这个女孩会一连几个小时不说话，除非被问到。
(让步状语)Exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight.
＝Although/Though exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight.
＝Although/Though he was exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight.尽管疲惫不堪，总理还是继续处理政治问题直到深夜。
(伴随状语)The scientist Tu Youyou came in，followed by her assistant.
＝The scientist Tu Youyou came in and she was followed by her assistant.
科学家屠呦呦进来了，后面跟着她的助手。
[注意]　有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时不表示被动，而表示人的状态。常见的有lost，seated，hidden，absorbed，born，dressed，interested，worried/concerned，satisfied/pleased，tired等。
Absorbed in reading the science fiction，he didn’t hear the sound of the horn.因为沉迷于读那本科幻小说，所以他没听到喇叭声。
Greatly interested，I asked how he played the didgeridoo.因为非常感兴趣，我问他是如何演奏迪吉里杜管的。
Located on the east coast of China，Qingdao is an important port city of China.位于中国东部海岸线上，青岛是中国一个重要的港口城市。
Disappointed at the result，the girl stood there without saying a word.
因为对结果很失望，女孩站在那里一句话也没说。
[比较]　现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语也是句子的主语，两者之间含有主动关系。
[即时训练4]　单句语法填空
①Influenced(influence) by his father，he has a passion for maths.
②Given(give) another chance，he will do better.
③When crossing(cross) the street，you can’t be careful enough.
④Misunderstood(misunderstand) by my mother，I was in a bad mood.
⑤Satisfied(satisfy) with what I did，my father praised me.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost(lose) for words.
2．The boy swimming(swim) in the pool is an exchange student from the USA.
3．Offering(offer) a higher salary，the company appeals to more young people.
4．Translated(translate) into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
5．Claire had her luggage checked(check) an hour before her plane left.
6．Michael put up a poster beside the bed to keep himself working(work) hard to achieve his dream.
7．The players selected(select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
8．The football match was exciting(excite) and we couldn’t contain our inner excitement.
9．Worried(worry) about the time available，the girl made a list of the tourist attractions she wanted to visit.
10．There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed(disappoint)．
Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用过去分词
Vingo坐在那里，非常吃惊，眼睛凝视着橡树(oak tree)。被许多黄手帕覆盖，橡树像一面欢迎的旗帜，随风飘扬。Vingo很高兴，他的心狂跳不已。激动的Vingo从座位上站起来，向公共汽车的前面走去。他迫不及待地想见到他心爱的妻子和孩子们，他们一直期待着他的归来。
Vingo sat there 1.amazed，with his eyes 2.fixed on the oak tree.3.Covered with many yellow handkerchiefs，the tree stood like a banner of welcome,4.waving in the wind.Vingo was 5.delighted and his heart was beating wildly.6.Excited/Thrilled Vingo rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus.He couldn’t wait to meet his beloved wife and children 7.looking forward to his returning.
作业2
[分值：80.5分]
Ⅰ.完成句子(共7小题；每小题3分，满分21分)
1．随着假期临近，我的同学们变得越来越兴奋。(现在分词作宾补)
With the holiday/vacation approaching，my classmates are becoming more and more excited.
2．因为担心即将到来的考试，有些同学学习到深夜。(过去分词短语作状语)
Worried about the upcoming exam，some students study until midnight.
3．我的同桌不想浪费时间，所以他经常让人把饭带到教室里来。(过去分词短语作宾补)
My deskmate doesn’t want to waste time，so he often has meals brought to the classroom.
4．正在被语文老师表扬的那个学生擅长写作文。(现在分词短语作后置定语)
The student being praised by our Chinese teacher now is good at writing compositions.
5．他经常做一些从网上下载的练习题。(过去分词短语作定语)
He often does some exercises downloaded from the Internet.
6．决心向他学习，我也开始充分利用课堂上的每一分钟。我相信我的努力迟早会取得回报。[过去分词(短语)作状语、作表语]
Determined to learn from him，I also begin to make the most of every minute in class，and I am convinced that my effort will pay off sooner or later.
7．我唱着歌，跳着舞，像一只快乐的小鸟一样走进我的房间。(现在分词作状语)
Dancing and singing，I stepped into my room like a happy bird.
Ⅱ.语法填空(共8小题；每小题1.5分，满分12分)
Lin Yang had an unforgettable experience last year.1.Infected(infect) with a serious disease，he was sent to a hospital 2.located(locate) in the centre of the city，far from his school.3.Being(be) a senior 3 student，he couldn’t devote himself to his study like his classmates.Therefore，he was 4.worried(worry)，which had a bad effect on his treatment.He managed to make him 5.understood(understand) by telling his doctor his worries.One day，his 6.attending(attend) doctor came in,7.followed(follow) by another patient with glasses.When 8.told(tell) that the patient was a teacher who would help students like Lin Yang review their lessons，Lin Yang jumped with joy.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
After decades of work trying to save the giant panda，Chinese officials have announced the species is no longer endangered.The pandas have been reclassified in the country from endangered to vulnerable(易危的) after efforts to increase the population.Now the number has risen to 1,800 in the wild.
“China has established a relatively complete nature reserves system，” said Cui Shuhong，director of the Department of Natural Ecological Protection of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.“Large areas of natural ecosystems have been systematically and completely protected，and wildlife habitats have been effectively improved.” The latest classification downgrade reflects their improved living conditions and China’s efforts in keeping their habitats integrated，Cui added.
Bamboo makes up 90% of pandas’ diets，and the animals would likely starve without the shoots(竹笋)．Experts believe China’s efforts to replant bamboo forests have been the key to the increase in the population of pandas.Generally speaking，a panda has to eat at least 26 pounds of bamboo every day to maintain its energy，so large areas of bamboo forests are primary to their survival.
Planting bamboo also has advantages for the planet，as the bamboo is grass，not a tree，and is incredibly efficient at absorbing carbon dioxide，as well as emitting(排放) 35% more oxygen than trees.
“The Chinese have done a great job in investing in panda habitats，expanding and setting up new reserves，” Ginette Hemley，senior vice president of conservation at the World Wildlife Fund，told the media.“They are a wonderful example of what can happen when a government is committed to conservation.”
Continuing China’s success will be dependent on the country protecting land from agricultural and urban development.As land becomes rarer，measures will need to be extended to protect more land，to ensure bamboo forests can thrive and as a result，protect the future of the world’s most lovable，lazy，and monochrome (black and white) creature.
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。中国官员宣布，经过几十年的努力，大熊猫不再是濒危物种，而被降为易危物种。
1．What do we know about the giant panda according to paragraph 1
A．It is an endangered species.
B．It increases by 1,800 each year.
C．It has seen a decline in population.
D．It has got a classification downgrade.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The pandas have been reclassified in the country from endangered to vulnerable(易危的) after efforts to increase the population.”可知，中国大熊猫被从濒危物种降级为易危物种。故选D。
2．What can be inferred from Ginette Hemley’s words
A．Social media makes a difference.
B．Panda habitats are getting smaller.
C．Government’s commitment is crucial.
D．Setting up new reserves is impossible.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“‘The Chinese have done a great job in investing in panda habitats...’ Ginette Hemley...‘They are a wonderful example of what can happen when a government is committed to conservation.’”可知，Ginette Hemley说的话表明政府的努力是至关重要的。故选C。
3．What can be the challenge China faces in achieving continued success
A．Lazy and monochrome animals.
B．Lack of support from the World Wildlife Fund.
C．The emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
D．The influence of agricultural and urban development.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Continuing China’s success will be dependent on the country protecting land from agricultural and urban development.”可知，中国在取得持续成功的过程中会面临的挑战是农业和城市发展的影响。故选D。
4．Where is this text probably from
A．A news report.
B．An educational journal.
C．A travel magazine.
D．A biology textbook.
答案　A
解析　文章出处题。文章第一段介绍了一个好消息，经过多年的努力，大熊猫不再是濒危物种，已被降为易危物种；下文则进一步介绍了中国为保护大熊猫所做出的努力以及相关人员的看法。由此可推知，文章可能来自新闻报道，第一段则为该新闻报道的导语。故选A。
B(此篇精读)
Record sea ice loss caused a mass die-off① of emperor penguin chicks in part of Antarctica last year，strengthening predictions that the world’s largest penguin will soon be in danger of extinction.
Unlike other penguins，emperor penguins breed(繁殖) on sea ice rather than land.Male emperor penguins hatch the eggs during the Antarctic winter.The furry② grey chicks need stable sea ice until December to grow their black waterproof feathers and gain enough muscle to swim.If they go into the water before they develop feathers，chicks can drown or freeze to death.
In February，the area of sea ice around Antarctica reached the lowest extent ever observed.After much of the ice began breaking up late last year，four out of five habitats in the hard-bit central and eastern Bellingshausen Sea suffered a total breeding failure，with no chicks surviving to the feather growing period.In mid-November，the sea ice there broke up，forcing the penguins to abandon the habitat and most，if not all，of their chicks.
A research team from Oxford Brookes University monitored populations by spotting penguin faeces(排泄物) in satellite photos.Emperor penguins tend to stay close，walking in a tight group to stay warm in temperatures as low as －60 ℃.The buildup of the habitat’s faeces stains③ the ice so brown that it can be seen from space.Once a habitat has been identified，researchers can count the individual penguins in very high-resolution satellite images.
The observations add weight to modelling predictions that 90 percent of emperor penguin habitats could be extinct or past the point of no return by 2100 if current rates of warming continue.While habitats can lose chicks in heavy storms or when severe winds break up the sea ice，this is the first time widespread breeding failure has been linked to disappearing ice.
“Failure is the norm，but complete failure across a whole region，that’s not normal，” says Tim at Oxford Brookes University.“Will this impact the population It really depends on how often it happens.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是由于海冰创纪录的融化，帝企鹅经历了严重的繁殖失败。
5．What was the result of the ice breaking last year
A．The area of the sea reached the lowest point ever.
B．Emperor penguins left the habitats with their chicks.
C．Emperor penguins had to search for food themselves.
D．Most emperor penguin chicks studied failed to survive.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段内容和第三段中的“After much of the ice began breaking up late last year，four out of five habitats...no chicks surviving to the feather growing period.”可知，去年的海冰破裂造成了大多数被研究的帝企鹅幼崽都没能存活。故选D。
6．How did the team identify a habitat in satellite images
A．By counting the penguins.
B．By making the images clearer.
C．By spotting brown stained ice.
D．By collecting penguins’ faeces.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A research team from Oxford Brookes University monitored populations by spotting penguin faeces(排泄物) in satellite photos.”和“The buildup of the habitat’s faeces stains the ice so brown that it can be seen from space.”可知，该团队是通过在卫星图像中发现棕色的冰确定栖息地的。故选C。
7．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs
A．The area suffered breeding failure for the first time.
B．Severe storms caused the extensive breeding failure.
C．The total failure has made emperor penguins extinct.
D．The frequency of ice breaking needs to be controlled.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，如果目前气候变暖的速度持续，到2100年90%的帝企鹅栖息地将可能灭绝或处于临界点，结合尾段中的“Will this impact the population It really depends on how often it happens.”可知，帝企鹅的数量是否会受影响取决于破冰发生的频率。由此推知，需要控制破冰的频率。故选D。
8．What is the passage mainly about
A．The main causes of global warming.
B．The emperor penguin habitats.
C．Emperor penguins’ severe breeding failure.
D．Health problems of emperor penguin chicks.
答案　C
解析　主旨大意题。根据首段及下文内容可知，研究者发现气候变暖造成的海冰减少导致帝企鹅的栖息地减少，进而造成帝企鹅繁殖失败。由此可知，本文主要讲述的是帝企鹅的严重繁殖失败。故选C。
[语境猜词]
①die-off相继死去；大批死亡
②furry adj.覆盖毛皮的
③stain v．留下污渍；弄脏
[句式分析]
While habitats can lose chicks in heavy storms or when severe winds break up the sea ice，this is the first time widespread breeding failure has been linked to disappearing ice.
分析：此句为复合句。while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”；when引导时间状语从句；主句为“this is＋第几次＋主语＋现在完成时”结构，意为“这是第几次……”。
翻译：虽然栖息地会在暴风雨中或者强风使海冰破裂时失去幼鸟，但这是首次出现广泛的繁殖失败与海冰消失相关的情况。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
On hearing the word vacation，most people react positively.Experienced travelers will argue that more important than where they go on vacation is who they go with. 1
Family travel is special and creates lasting memories，but it can also have some challenges.For one，the success of a trip often depends on the relationships that the family members have with one another.If two brothers do not get along at home，the chances are that they will fight during a vacation. 2 If a family is traveling by air，purchasing plane tickets for everyone can be very expensive.
3 Close friends often have similar personalities，so they generally get along with each other and fight less than family members might on a trip.Furthermore，if friends are close，even a terrible trip will not ruin the friendship. 4 All in all，traveling with friends can be a positive experience that results in a great vacation and，likely，a stronger friendship.
Finally，people can choose to travel alone.Solo travelers can be more flexible with transportation than those traveling in a large group. 5 And they also have better chances of getting a seat on buses or planes since they only need one.In addition，solo travelers are more likely to meet locals or other vacationers because they are more likely to want to talk with others.
A．They can change plans more easily.
B．Each person tends to cover his or her individual expenses.
C．Another potential problem of family travel is transportation.
D．Sightseeing and scheduling are not a problem for solo travelers.
E．In fact，friendships are often strengthened with the travel memories.
F．Traveling with friends can be an unforgettable experience for several reasons.
G．Vacations can be classified on the basis of who vacationers choose to travel with.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是旅行时选择与谁同行的重要性，并比较了与家人、朋友一起旅行以及独自旅行的不同体验。
1．答案　G
解析　空前“Experienced travelers will argue that more important than where they go on vacation is who they go with.”说明有经验的旅行者认为和谁一起去度假比去哪里更重要，空格处内容应该与“和谁一起去度假”有关，G选项“Vacations can be classified on the basis of who vacationers choose to travel with.”说明了假期可以根据度假者选择和谁一起旅行来分类，承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
2．答案　C
解析　空前“For one，the success of a trip often depends on the relationships that the family members have with one another.”说明了与家人一起旅行能否成功首先是取决于家庭成员彼此之间的关系如何，空格处应该说另一个问题，结合空后“If a family is traveling by air，purchasing plane tickets for everyone can be very expensive.”说明的是交通方面的问题，可知空格处应该引出交通这个问题，因此C选项“Another potential problem of family travel is transportation.”承上启下，符合语境，故选C。
3．答案　F
解析　空后“Close friends often...ruin the friendship.”说明了和朋友一起出去旅游是很好的，空格处应该引出“和朋友出去旅游”这个话题，因此F选项“Traveling with friends can be an unforgettable experience for several reasons.”符合语境，故选F。
4．答案　E
解析　空前“Furthermore，if friends are close，even a terrible trip will not ruin the friendship.”说明了如果和亲密的朋友出去旅游，即使体验很糟糕也不会破坏友谊，E选项“In fact，friendships are often strengthened with the travel memories.”说明了友谊会因为有了一起旅行的回忆而加强，这是旅游给友谊带来的好处，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
5．答案　A
解析　空前“Solo travelers can be more flexible with transportation than those traveling in a large group.”说明了独自旅行在选择交通工具方面比跟团旅行的人更灵活，空格处应该说明灵活体现在什么方面，A选项“They can change plans more easily.”说明了他们可以更容易地改变计划，体现了独自旅行的灵活性，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选A。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
The tulou，a type of earth-built dwelling(住所)，is constructed using stones 1. the foundation.It is a special type of rural dwelling unique to the Hakka people living in the mountainous areas across Fujian Province.The Fujian tulou,2. you can find many details showing the 3. (wise) and myth of the local people，is listed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.With raw earth as the main material，together with bamboo and wood as the framework，the buildings 4. (build) layer by layer，ranging in height from three to five stories.A single tulou can house hundreds of people who share the same surname.As for the shape，not all of 5. are doughnut-shaped.Some are oval，square or rectangular.
It is said that a tulou requires restoration only once a century.During the process，the craftsmen are considered not only 6. (architect) but also sculptors.However，nowadays young people are no longer interested in learning the necessary skills，casting a shadow over 7. future of the unique treasure.
8． (lucky)，this unique form of architecture,9. (dot) around mainly in Fujian’s Longyan and Zhangzhou，is still well preserved and 10. (function) today，attracting people to appreciate the intelligence and creativity of the Hakka people.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了福建土楼的特点和重要性。
答案　1.as　2.where　3.wisdom　4.are built　5.them　6.architects　7.the　8.Luckily　9.dotted　10.functioning
解析　1.考查介词。固定短语use...as...意为“使用……作为……”。故填as。
2.考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对表示地点的先行词The Fujian tulou作补充说明，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。
3.考查名词。空处与myth并列作show的宾语，应用wise的名词形式wisdom，意为“智慧”，是不可数名词。故填wisdom。
4.考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述通常性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，build和主语the buildings之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数，be动词应用are。故填are built。
5.考查代词。空处作介词of的宾语，结合“As for the shape”可知，此处指“这些建筑的形状”，应用代词them指代上文提到的the buildings。故填them。
6.考查名词复数。空处和sculptors并列，作主语补足语，主语the craftsmen为复数，可数名词architect应用复数形式。故填architects。
7.考查冠词。此处特指“这一独特宝藏的未来”，应用定冠词the。故填the。
8.考查副词。空处修饰整个句子，应用副词作状语，lucky的副词形式luckily符合题意，意为“幸运的是”，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填Luckily。
9.考查非谓语动词。句子主干成分完整，空处作this unique form of architecture的非限制性后置定语，dot和this unique form of architecture之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用dot的过去分词形式。故填dotted。
10.考查动词时态。空处作谓语，function和主语this unique form of architecture之间是主动关系，结合“today”可知，此处表示正发挥着作用，时态应用现在进行时，空前已有is，function应用现在分词的形式。故填functioning。

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