资源简介

(共95张PPT)
Period 1
Reading and Thinking
Sea exploration
Unit 3
内容索引
Step 1　课文深度理解
Step 2　语言知识梳理
Step 3　基础达标检测
作业1
课文深度理解
1.What’s the purpose of paragraph 1
A.To show the achievements of humans.
B.To show the reason for sea exploration.
C.To arouse people’s interest in Marco Polo.
D.To lay the groundwork for the following text.
√
泛读速选
2.How can we describe Zheng He’s voyages at that time
A.Frightening. B.Astonishing.
C.Meaningless. D.Disappointing.
√
3.How did African royal families show their friendship to China
A.By offering presents.
B.By rewarding the ambassador.
C.By showing their friendship to Zheng He.
D.By stopping the war and beginning trading.
√
4.What’s the purpose of the Belt and Road Initiative
A.To transform the historic Silk Road.
B.To create a worldwide trading atmosphere.
C.To find new trading and cultural exchange partners.
D.To promote trade and cooperation with other countries.
√
5.What does the phrase “in hand” mean in the last paragraph
A.Handy. B.Useful.
C.Available. D.Appropriate.
√
6.How is the passage developed
A.By listing examples.
B.By analyzing causes.
C.By making comparisons.
D.By following the order of time.
√
REACHING OUT ACROSS THE SEA
Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of1 mankind’s greatest achievements. [1]To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.
[1]句中动词不定式短语To complete the great map of the world作主语。
精读细研
词块翻译：
1._______________
形成……的基础
Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for2 sea routes from west to east. However，merchants and explorers from the East set sail3 from east to west many years before Columbus first did.
词块翻译：
2._____
3.__________
寻找
起航；开航
[2]In ancient times4，silk from China found its way overland to5 India，the Middle East，and Rome，along what became known as6 the Silk Road.[3]A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean，centred around7 Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).
[2]句中what引导的是宾语从句，what在从句中作主语。
[3]句中的过去分词短语centred around Ceylon作定语，修饰a trading route。
词块翻译：
4.______
5._______________
6._______________
7._____________
在古代
找到去……的路
作为……而出名
以……为中心
[4]Here，merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals8，which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures. [5]Over the centuries，further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China，as recorded in Du Huan’s Record of My Travels in the eighth century.
[4]句中which引导非限制性定语从句。
[5]句中as recorded in...为方式状语从句的省略结构，句子补全为as it was recorded in...。
词块翻译：
8._____________
洽谈贸易协议
Later，the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with9 these regions.Between 1405 and 1433，seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration. These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own10 at that time.Under the command of11 Zheng He，
词块翻译：
9._______________
10._________
11._______________
与……发展关系
独领风骚
在……的指挥下
they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea，and then to the east coast of Africa.African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for12 gold，silk，and spices.
词块翻译：
12._______________
作为……的回报
[6]Although China withdrew from13 further expeditions after 1433，these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.
[6]句中although引导让步状语从句。
词块翻译：
13._______________
从……退出/撤回
To reach out14 across the sea remains a strong desire today.[7]The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative.
[7]句中travelled by Zheng He是过去分词短语作后置定语，which引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road。
词块翻译：
14.___________
拓展；伸出
[8]The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and strengthen the bonds between China and15 the rest of the world. Trading has grown greatly in recent years，and will continue to do so in years to come16.
[8]句中to encourage cooperation and trade是动词不定式短语作表语。
词块翻译：
15._____________________
16._______________
增强……和……的联系
在未来的几年里
[9]China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes，which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of17 future trade and cultural exchange18.
[9]句中which引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面一句话。
词块翻译：
17._______________
18._____________________
为了……的利益
未来的贸易和文化交流
China has also joined its friends across the sea on other important projects.[10]Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times，there are still many other places left to explore.
[10]句中although引导的是让步状语从句，left to explore是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰many other places。
[11]In recent years，China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic. From a scientific point of view19，there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
[11]句中to explore the Arctic是动词不定式短语作目的状语。
词块翻译：
19._________________
从科学的角度来看
[12]Hundreds of years on20，and with the latest technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
[12]句中with the latest technology in hand是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构。
词块翻译：
20.________
数百年后
析篇章结构
返 回
before
ancient
Silk Road
West
today’s
Initiative
expeditions
future
语言知识梳理
起航；开航
[教材原句P26]However，merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did.而东方的商人和探险家们早在哥伦布首次航行前很多年就已经开始从东半球向西半球航行了。
1
set sail
set sail for起航前往……
set sail from从……起航
set foot on踏上
set off动身；出发；引爆；引发
set out to do sth(怀着目标)开始做某事
set about doing sth着手做某事
set up建立；设置；建起
set down写下；放下；记下
(读后续写之片段描写)当船员们从里斯本起航时，他们向那个未知的岛屿驶去。一踏上海岸，他们就意外地引发了一个隐藏的机械装置。他们下定决心，着手解开这个谜团，开始解读古代的符号。他们搭起帐篷，仔细记下他们的发现，心中充满了期待。
As the crew (1) Lisbon，they (2) the uncharted island.Upon (3) its shores，they accidentally (4)______ a hidden mechanism.Determined，they (5) to solve the mystery，(6) interpreting ancient symbols.They (7) a camp，carefully (8) their findings，hearts racing with anticipation.
set sail from
set sail for
setting foot on
set off
set out
setting about
set up
setting down
vt.扩展；使伸长；延长；提供；伸展，展开(extensive adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的 extension n.延伸；扩大；延期)
[教材原句P26]A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean，centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).以锡兰(今斯里兰卡)为中心的一条横跨海洋的贸易路线也沿着印度洋海岸延伸。
2
extend
extend...to...向……提供；给予
extend to延长到
(1)We visited the nature reserve extending 40 miles offshore during the peak season.
(2)Every day I read English tales for half an hour，and I benefit a lot from such (extend) reading.
to
extensive
(3)(应用文写作之感谢信)即使他身处困境，他也会向我伸出援手。因此，我要向他表示衷心的感谢。
Even if he is in trouble，he will ___________________________.
So I would like to .
写作佳句
extend his helping hand to me
extend my heartfelt gratitude to him
vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商(negotiation n.谈判；磋商；协商 negotiable adj.可协商的 negotiator n.谈判代表；协商者)
[教材原句P26]Here，merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals，which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.在这里，来自中国和其他许多地方的商人聚在一起，洽谈贸易协议，这也增进了对彼此文化的认识。
[译林版]For example，if you are a business person negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal，you should do it face to face，using formal language in a straightforward manner.
例如，如果你是一个商人，正在与一家大企业洽谈一笔交易，你应该面对面地，用正式的语言，以直截了当的方式进行沟通。
3
negotiate
·negotiate with sb for/about/on sth＝negotiate sth with sb与某人商议/
　谈判某事
·under negotiation在商讨中
　in negotiation with 和……协商中
　enter into/open/begin/conduct negotiations with sb和某人开始/进行谈判
(1)The chairwoman was negotiating the prime minister of Australia ____________ the trade conflicts.
(2)Frankly speaking，the distribution of bonus is still under ___________
(negotiate) temporarily.
with
about/for/on
negotiation
(3)(应用文写作之投稿)参加课外活动能让我们学会如何与其他同学进行协商与合作。
Participating in extra-curricular activities enables us to learn
____________________________________________.
写作佳句
how to negotiate and cooperate with other students
vi.& vt.(withdrew，withdrawn)(使)撤回；撤离；提取(存款等)；收回(发言、意见等)(withdrawal n.收回；退出；取款；脱瘾期)
[教材原句P26]Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433，these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.尽管1433年后中国停止了进一步的探索，但在随后的几个世纪，这些陆地和海洋路线仍是与其他文化之间的活跃通道。
[外研版]Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life，seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives.两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退，在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。
4
withdraw
withdraw (...) from...退出；撤回
(1)The merchant decided to make a (withdraw) of financial support for the project.We wondered what it was that made him withdraw the promising project.
withdrawal
from
(2)(读后续写之情绪描写)我也不能从银行取钱，我就像热锅上的蚂蚁一样来回踱步。
Neither and I paced back and forth like an ant on a hot pan.
写作佳句
could I withdraw some money from a bank
在手头；可供使用；在处理中
[教材原句P27]Hundreds of years on，and with the latest technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.数百年过去了，由于拥有了最新技术，在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下，中国将跨海越洋，迈向未来。
5
in hand
·at hand近在手边，在附近
　at first hand第一手；亲自
　by hand手工
　hand in hand手挽手；密切关联
·hand in 上交
　hand out 分发；提出，给予(建议等)
　hand over 移交
(读后续写之片段描写)有地图可供使用，该团队向附近的古遗址走去。他们亲眼看见了神秘的雕刻，细心地手工记录下细节。友好的当地人加入他们，分发工具和水。当他们发现一个破碎的雕像时，领队把照片移交给科学家，后来又上交了一份报告，终于完成了他们的夏季冒险。
With maps (1) ，the team trekked toward the ancient ruins (2) .Seeing mysterious carvings (3) ，they carefully set down details (4) .Friendly locals joined them，(5)____________ tools and water.When they found a broken statue，the leader (6)_______
_____ photos to scientists and later (7) a report，finally completing their summer adventure.
in hand
at hand
at first hand
by hand
handing out
handed
over
handed in
有必要做某事。
[教材原句P27]From a scientific point of view，there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.从科学角度看，迫切需要研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。
6
There is a need to do sth.
in need在困难中，在危急中
in need of需要
There is no need for...……是没有必要的。
There is no need for sb to do sth.对某人来说做某事没有必要。
(1)(话题写作之传统文化)有些人认为，当代中国人没必要传承中华传统文化。但就我个人而言，急需保护它免于消亡。毕竟，为了少犯错误，我们需要古人的智慧。
In some people’s opinion，________________________________________
_____ traditional Chinese culture in modern times.But personally，_____
__________________________ from dying out.After all，we are ________
ancient people’s wisdom so that we can make fewer mistakes.
(2)(记叙文之写人)他是如此坚强，即使他身处困境，也绝不放弃。
He is such a strong-willed man that by no means will he give up even if
_____________.
返 回
there is no need for Chinese people to pass
down
is an urgent need to protect it
there
in need of
(he is) in need
基础达标检测
1.Aware of his mistake，the minister withdrew his former statement later.
___________________
2.The chairman extended a warm welcome to the guest speaker. ______
3.Complaints must be made through the proper and legal channels. ______
vt.提供
n.途径
Ⅰ.品句猜词
vt.收回(发言、意见等)
1.The prime minister’s jewels were guarded by special soldiers.
2.To our happiness，our school sponsored a football in association with another three schools.
3.Their so-called grand (舰队) were completely destroyed in the war.
4.The (关系) between members of this kind of mammal are not as strong as those in a human family.
5.We have been (协商) with these merchants for the fair distribution of goods.
Ⅱ.单词拼写
royal
league
fleets
bonds
negotiating
1.What was it that caused the butcher to withdraw the seemingly beneficial event
2.I will buy her some delicious bread from the bakery in return her generous assistance to me.
3.The prime minister sponsored an (extend) of unemployment benefits.
4.It is important (found) a Foundation of Endangered Species to better protect animals.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
from
for
extension
to found
5.When we are caught in a temporary difficult phase，there is no need
_________(worry) too much.
6.With Chinese herbs (gain) popularity，more and more people throughout the globe are attached to traditional Chinese medicine.
to worry
gaining
It is well-known that mankind’s greatest achievements have often resulted from trade and 1. (curious) and people of early civilisations had a strong desire 2. (complete) the great map of the world.European explorers,3. (inspire) by Marco Polo’s tales，searched for sea routes from west to east.However，merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first 4. (do).In ancient times，Chinese merchants shipped silk to India，the Middle East，and Rome，along 5. became known as the Silk Road.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
curiosity
to complete
inspired
did
what
Trade between merchants from China and other 6. (place) resulted in better understanding of each other’s cultures.In the Ming Dynasty，seven large fleets led by Zheng He set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea，and then to the east coast of Africa for trade and exploration.To reach out across the sea remains 7. strong desire today.The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，part of the Belt and Road Initiative.Besides，by now China 8.__________
(join) its friends across the sea on other important projects.
places
a
has joined
With the 9. (late) technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far 10. the future.
latest
into
返 回
作业1
1.Last week I (从……退出) the organization because I couldn’t bear the violent competition.
2.My curiosity me (驱使某人做某事) approach the hollow tree trunk，so I tiptoed to it cautiously.
3.It was the sponsor of the event that me (激励某人做某事) pursue freedom however difficult it was.
Ⅰ.短语填空
withdrew from
drove
to
inspired
to
4.I will show him around the iconic tourist attractions in Beijing ________
_____(作为……的回报) his kindness and generosity.
5.What made us proud was that our son (作为……而出名) a professor in biology.
in return
for
became known as
1.虽然没有先进的设备，人类在古代就开始探索海洋。(although引导让步状语从句)
，human beings had set about exploring the sea since ancient times.
2.现在有现代设备可使用，我们可以在海底得到更多的矿产资源。(with的复合结构)
，we can get more mineral resources under the sea.
Ⅱ.主题微写作——海洋开发
Although there was no advanced equipment
With modern equipment in hand at present
3.过度开发是有害的，急需保护海洋免遭破坏。(there is an urgent need to do)
Too much exploitation is harmful and ______________________________
__________________________.
4.因此，所有国家已经在商讨如何适度开发海洋，这是有益的。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
So all the countries have been negotiating about how to exploit the sea moderately， .
there is an urgent need to protect the sea from being destroyed
which is rewarding
5.毕竟，为后代保护海洋是非常重要的。(it is＋adj.＋to do)
After all，______________________________________________________
___________.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
it is quite important/significant to protect the sea for future
generations
A
Last Tuesday，a robotic ship called the Mayflower Autonomous Ship(MAS) set sail from Plymouth，England.The 15-meter ship will recreate the 1620 crossing of the Atlantic by the original Mayflower，which brought the first European settlers to what is now Plymouth，Massachusetts.But unlike the original Mayflower，there are no people on board.Everything about the ship is designed to run automatically.
语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了机器人船横渡大西洋的情况，介绍了这个名为“MAS”的机器人船的功能设备以及遇到的故障。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
The ship is guided by an artificial intelligence(AI) system called “AI Captain”.
The MAS is a project run by a group called ProMare along with IBM，aiming to test different kinds of technologies for collecting information about the sea.The new Mayflower’s electric motor is powered by solar energy.The builders of the ship say they hope it can be used in the future to travel and research parts of oceans that are too difficult or dangerous for people to reach.If these can be handled by machines，it could be a big advance in ocean research.
Since the MAS didn’t have to carry humans，its designers were free to think about how to make the best ship for the job.Apart from cameras and radar to help the ship guide itself，the ship is carrying different kinds of tools and sensors.It has special listening devices which can detect whales and dolphins and even a special “tongue” that can report back on the chemicals in the seawater.
Last Friday morning，scientists tracking the ship noticed that it was going about half as fast as it should have been going.The AI Captain was working well，but there seemed to be something slowing the motor down.Since the ship had only covered 10% of the way across the Atlantic，the team decided to bring it back to Plymouth so that they could fix the problem and send it out again.
When the MAS finally does put out to sea again，it is expected to take about three weeks to cross the Atlantic Ocean.The fastest speed for the MAS is about 10 miles per hour.That may seem slow，but it’s about 5 times faster than the original Mayflower，which took 66 days to make the journey.
1.What might be the ultimate mission of the MAS project
A.Developing new AI captain systems.
B.Testing the new robotic ship of IBM.
C.Exploring the ocean with high technologies.
D.Travelling across the Atlantic on the Mayflower.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段首句“The MAS is a project run by a group called ProMare along with IBM，aiming to test different kinds of technologies for collecting information about the sea.(MAS是由名为ProMare的组织与IBM共同运营的一个项目，旨在测试收集海洋信息的不同技术)”可知，MAS项目的终极使命是用高科技探索海洋。故选C。
解析
2.What aspect of MAS does the third paragraph tell us
A.Its operating system.
B.Its working principle.
C.Its functional equipment.
D.Its design philosophy.
√
段落大意题。根据第三段可知，由于MAS不需要载人，它的设计者可以自由地思考如何制造出最适合这项工作的轮船。除了帮助船只导航的摄像机和雷达，这艘船还携带了各种各样的工具和传感器。它有特殊的监听装置，可以探测到鲸鱼和海豚，甚至还有一个特殊的“舌头”，可以报告海水中的化学物质。由此可知，第三段介绍了MAS的功能设备。故选C。
解析
3.What caused the MAS to turn back during its voyage
A.The AI Captain sent wrong instructions.
B.The electric motor got affected by something.
C.The scientists wanted to change the ship’s route.
D.The ship needed to be serviced on a regular basis.
√
细节理解题。根据第四段中“The AI Captain was working well，but there seemed to be something slowing the motor down.Since the ship had only covered 10% of the way across the Atlantic，the team decided to bring it back to Plymouth so that they could fix the problem and send it out again.(人工智能船长运行状况良好，但似乎有什么因素减慢了马达的速度。由于这艘船只完成了大西洋航线的10%的航程，团队决定把它带回普利茅斯，这样他们就可以解决这个问题，并再次启航)”可知，马达被某物影响导致MAS返航。故选B。
解析
4.What could be the best title for the text
A.A Robotic Ship’s Global Voyage
B.New Mayflower Crossing the Atlantic
C.New Mayflower’s Failed Mission
D.AI Captain System Guiding a Robotic Ship
√
标题归纳题。根据第一段可知，一艘名为“五月花号(MAS)”的机器人船从英国普利茅斯启航。这艘15米长的船将重现1620年“五月花号”横渡大西洋的历程，但与最初的“五月花号”不同的是，这艘船上没有人。下文主要说明了机器人船横渡大西洋的情况，介绍了这个机器人船的功能设备以及遇到的故障。由此可知，B选项“新五月花号横渡大西洋”最符合文章标题。故选B。
解析
B(此篇精读)
Sperm whales(抹香鲸) have the biggest brains of any animal on the planet at up to twenty pounds，as much as six times the size of an average human brain.They live in groups of about ten and sometimes meet up with hundreds or thousands of other whales.Sperm whales can grow up to eighteen meters long and dive to nearly 1,000 meters to hunt for food.They sleep upright and in groups.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲科学家收集和研究抹香鲸发出的声音，以便更好地保护它们。
Like many whales and dolphins，sperm whales are highly social animals and communicate underwater by strings of rapid clicks①，which are also used to help them locate and track their food.
In a study published in the journal Nature Communications，researchers analyzed more than 8,700 pieces of sperm whale clicks that they believe make up a “phonetic alphabet(音标)”，which the whales can use to build the very rough equivalent(对应的事物) of what people think of as words and phrases.They say they have found four basic components that they think make up this phonetic alphabet.Pratyusha Sharma，the paper’s lead researcher，says this alphabet could then be used by the whales in an unlimited number of combinations.
To get enough records of the sperm whale clicks in Dominica，where there is a residential② population of about 200 sperm whales，scientists created a huge underwater recording studio with microphones at different depths.Devices on the whales recorded what position they were in when clicking—for example，diving，sleeping，breathing at the surface—and if there were any other whales nearby they might be communicating with.
Jeremy Goldbogen，an associate③ professor of oceans at Stanford University，who was not involved in the study，said that if we were one day able to understand what sperm whales were saying，that knowledge should be used for conservation purposes，like minimizing their risk of being hit by ships or reducing ocean noise levels.
David Gruber，founder and president of the Cetacean Translation Initiative，says millions and possibly billions of whale clicks would be needed to collect enough data to try to work out what the whales are saying，but he expects AI to help speed the analysis.
5.What do we know about sperm whales
A.They often travel alone.
B.They can sleep on their backs.
C.They can be up to 18 meters long.
D.They have smaller brains than humans.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Sperm whales can grow up to eighteen meters long and dive to nearly 1,000 meters to hunt for food.They sleep upright and in groups.(抹香鲸可以长到18米长，潜到近1 000米来觅食。它们成团直立睡觉)”可知，抹香鲸可以长到18米长。故选C。
解析
6.What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A.Language learning takes a lot of practice.
B.Sperm whales give off clicks to track each other.
C.The experimental results are inconsistent with the expectation.
D.Sperm whales and humans may communicate in a similar way.
√
推理判断题。根据第三段中“In a study published...words and phrases. (在Nature Communications杂志上发表的一项研究中，研究人员分析了8 700多头抹香鲸发出咔嗒声，他们认为这些声音构成了一个‘音标’，抹香鲸可以用它来构建人们认为的单词和短语的大致等价物)”可推断，抹香鲸和人类的交流方式可能相似。故选D。
解析
7.Which statement will Jeremy Goldbogen probably agree with
A.The study is very meaningful.
B.The ocean noise level is rather low.
C.It is risky to hunt sperm whales.
D.It is easy to protect sperm whales.
√
推理判断题。根据第五段可知，没有参与这项研究的斯坦福大学海洋学副教授Jeremy Goldbogen说，如果有一天我们能够理解抹香鲸在说什么，那么这些知识应该用于保护目的，比如最大限度地降低它们被船只撞击的风险或降低海洋噪声水平。由此可推断，Jeremy Goldbogen认为，对于抹香鲸所发出的声音的研究非常有意义。故选A。
解析
8.What does David Gruber suggest
A.Limiting the use of AI.
B.Recording the number of whales.
C.Collecting more whale clicks.
D.Recovering the whale populations.
√
细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，Cetacean Translation Initiative的创始人兼总裁David Gruber表示，需要数百万甚至数十亿次的鲸鱼发出的声音来收集足够的数据，从而试图弄清楚鲸鱼在说什么，但他希望人工智能能帮助加快分析速度。所以，David Gruber建议多收集一些抹香鲸的声音数据。故选C。
解析
语境猜词
①click vt.& vi.(用鼠标或在触摸板上)单击，点击；(使)发出咔嗒声
n.(对鼠标或触摸板的)单击，点击； (本文为此义)
②resident n.居民
→residential adj._______
③associate vt.联想；联系 vi.交往 n.同事；伙伴
adj. (本文为此义)
咔嗒声
居住的
副的
In a study published in the journal Nature Communications，researchers analyzed more than 8,700 pieces of sperm whale clicks that they believe make up a “phonetic alphabet”，which the whales can use to build the very rough equivalent of what people think of as words and phrases.
分析：此句为 句。published...为过去分词短语作 ，修饰study；that引导 从句，clicks作先行词，that在从句中充当 ；which引导 从句，phonetic alphabet为先行词，which在从句中充当 。
句式分析
复合
后置定语
定语
主语
非限制性定语
宾语
翻译：_________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
在《自然通讯》杂志上发表的一项研究中，研究人员分析了8 700多份抹香鲸咔嗒声，他们认为这些咔嗒声构成了一种“音标”，抹香鲸可以用它来构建大概类似于人类所说的单词和短语的东西。
One day，I was standing on the boat when a very large female leopard seal swam by.I put on my diving gear and got my camera.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在一次潜水中遇到了一只大型雌性猎海豹，尽管起初感到恐惧，但作者还是决定与其互动。作者通过这次经历知道了动物不总是按照我们的想法行动。
Ⅳ.完形填空
I was 1 .My mouth was dry.At first，I couldn’t even move.But I knew it was time to 2 this mysterious creature.
1.A.amused B.enthusiastic
C.cautious D.frightened
2.A.approach B.rescue
C.treat D.hunt
√
√
1.amused被逗乐的；enthusiastic热情的；cautious小心的；frightened害怕的。根据后文“My mouth was dry.At first，I couldn’t even move.”可知，作者嘴巴发干，不敢动，所以是吓到了。故选D。
2.approach接近；rescue营救；treat处理；hunt打猎。根据后文“I jumped into the freezing water.Immediately，the seal swam toward me.”可知，作者跳进水里，所以此处指作者接近这个神秘的生物。故选A。
解析
I jumped into the freezing water.Immediately，the seal swam toward me.Then she put my entire camera—and much of my 3 —into her mouth.Although the seal was putting me at risk，I tried not to 4 any fear.After a few seconds，she let go of my head.
3.A.leg B.head
C.body D.neck
4.A.feel B.arouse
C.reveal D.overcome
√
√
3.leg腿；head头；body身体；neck脖子。根据后文“After a few seconds，she let go of my head.”可知，作者的大部分脑袋被放进海豹的嘴里。故选B。
4.feel感觉到；arouse激起；reveal露出；overcome克服。根据前文“Although the seal was putting me at risk”以及后文“any fear”可知，although引导的句子应和后文构成转折，所以应是“虽然海豹使我处于危险中，但我不表现出任何恐惧”符合语境。故选C。
解析
She 5 me a few more times and swam away.Then she 6 with a live penguin.She even tried to show me how to 7 it.
5.A.attacked B.threatened
C.disturbed D.confused
6.A.disappeared B.communicated
C.returned D.competed
7.A.digest B.eat
C.seize D.injure
√
√
√
5.attack攻击；threaten威胁；disturb干扰；confuse使迷惑。根据前文“Then she put my entire camera—and much of my —into her mouth.”可知，海豹把作者的头放进嘴里，这是一种威胁，所以此处指海豹又威胁了作者几次。故选B。
6.disappear消失；communicate沟通；return返回；compete竞争。根据前文“swam away”以及后文的“with a live penguin”可知，前面说海豹游走了，所以此处应是带着一只活企鹅回来了。故选C。
7.digest消化；eat吃；seize抓住；injure伤害。根据前文“Then she______ with a live penguin.”可知，海豹带回一只企鹅，试图向作者展示怎么吃它。故选B。
解析
She tried to push the penguin into my camera—she thought the camera was my 8 ！ The seal thought I was just another large animal，and she was trying to 9 me，I realized.
8.A.mouth B.eyes
C.nose D.stomach
9.A.discipline B.adopt
C.observe D.feed
√
√
8.mouth嘴；eye眼睛；nose鼻子；stomach胃。根据前文“She even tried to show me how to it.She tried to push the penguin into my camera”可知，海豹向作者展示怎么吃企鹅，并且往相机里放，应是把相机当成了作者的嘴。故选A。
9.discipline训诫；adopt采用；observe观察；feed喂养。根据前文“She even tried to show me how to it.She tried to push the penguin into my camera”可知，海豹想要把企鹅喂给作者。故选D。
解析
By now，she didn’t seem very 10 .She stayed by me for four days.One time，she noticed another leopard seal 11 behind me.
10.A.powerful B.dangerous
C.sensitive D.gentle
11.A.come across B.come back
C.come over D.come up
√
√
10.powerful强大的；dangerous危险的；sensitive敏感的；gentle温和的。根据前文“The seal thought I was just another large animal，and she was trying to me，I realized.”可知，海豹想喂作者，所以此处指它看起来并不是很危险。故选B。
11.come across偶然遇见；come back回来；come over过来；come up走近，靠近。根据前文“she noticed another leopard seal”以及后文“behind me”可知，她注意到另一只猎海豹从作者身后靠近。故选D。
解析
She made a deep，threatening sound and 12 the other seal away.
Those four days were the most incredible experience I ever had as a wildlife 13 .I got some amazing pictures.
12.A.drove B.directed
C.took D.waved
13.A.manager B.painter
C.advocate D.photographer
√
√
12.drive驱赶；direct指导；take带走；wave挥舞。根据前文“She made a deep，threatening sound”可知，它发出一声低沉的威胁声，把另一只海豹赶走了。故选A。
13.manager经理；painter画家；advocate支持者；photographer摄影师。根据前文“I put on my diving gear and got my camera.”可知，作者拿着照相机，所以作者应是野生动物摄影师。故选D。
解析
I also learned that animals do not always behave the way we 14 .My relationship with this powerful and 15 animal will stay with me forever.
14.A.demand B.work
C.expect D.react
15.A.intelligent B.accessible
C.primitive D.anxious
√
√
14.demand需要；work工作；expect预期；react反应。根据前文“Then she put my entire camera—and much of my —into her mouth.”及“She tried to push the penguin into my camera—she thought the camera was my ！”可知，海豹的行为前后发生了很大的变化，它一开始威胁作者，后来与作者分享食物。这说明海豹并不像人们认为的那样可怕危险。故选C。
15.intelligent聪明的；accessible可使用的；primitive原始的；anxious焦虑的。根据前文“The seal thought I was just another large animal，and she was trying to me，I realized.”可知，这只海豹有自己的想法，知道和其他动物交朋友，所以是聪明的。故选A。
解析
返 回
本课结束Period 1　Reading and Thinking
1．What’s the purpose of paragraph 1
A．To show the achievements of humans.
B．To show the reason for sea exploration.
C．To arouse people’s interest in Marco Polo.
D．To lay the groundwork for the following text.
答案　D
2．How can we describe Zheng He’s voyages at that time
A．Frightening. B．Astonishing.
C．Meaningless. D．Disappointing.
答案　B
3．How did African royal families show their friendship to China
A．By offering presents.
B．By rewarding the ambassador.
C．By showing their friendship to Zheng He.
D．By stopping the war and beginning trading.
答案　A
4．What’s the purpose of the Belt and Road Initiative
A．To transform the historic Silk Road.
B．To create a worldwide trading atmosphere.
C．To find new trading and cultural exchange partners.
D．To promote trade and cooperation with other countries.
答案　D
5．What does the phrase “in hand” mean in the last paragraph
A．Handy. B．Useful.
C．Available. D．Appropriate.
答案　C
6．How is the passage developed
A．By listing examples.
B．By analyzing causes.
C．By making comparisons.
D．By following the order of time.
答案　D
REACHING OUT ACROSS THE SEA
Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of1 mankind’s greatest achievements. [1]To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations. Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for2 sea routes from west to east. However，merchants and explorers from the East set sail3 from east to west many years before Columbus first did.
[1]句中动词不定式短语To complete the great map of the world作主语。
词块翻译：
1．形成……的基础
2．寻找
3．起航；开航
[2]In ancient times4，silk from China found its way overland to5 India，the Middle East，and Rome，along what became known as6 the Silk Road.[3]A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean，centred around7 Ceylon (now Sri Lanka)．[4]Here，merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals8，which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures. [5]Over the centuries，further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China，as recorded in Du Huan’s Record of My Travels in the eighth century.
[2]句中what引导的是宾语从句，what在从句中作主语。
[3]句中的过去分词短语centred around Ceylon作定语，修饰a trading route。
[4]句中which引导非限制性定语从句。
[5]句中as recorded in...为方式状语从句的省略结构，句子补全为as it was recorded in...。
4.在古代
5．找到去……的路
6．作为……而出名
7．以……为中心
8．洽谈贸易协议
Later，the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with9 these regions.Between 1405 and 1433，seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration.These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own10 at that time.Under the command of11 Zheng He，they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea，and then to the east coast of Africa.African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for12 gold，silk，and spices.[6]Although China withdrew from13 further expeditions after 1433，these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.
[6]句中although引导让步状语从句。
9.与……发展关系
10．独领风骚
11．在……的指挥下
12．作为……的回报
13．从……退出/撤回
To reach out14 across the sea remains a strong desire today.[7]The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative.[8]The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and strengthen the bonds between China and15 the rest of the world. Trading has grown greatly in recent years，and will continue to do so in years to come16.[9]China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes，which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of17 future trade and cultural exchange18.
[7]句中travelled by Zheng He是过去分词短语作后置定语，which引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road。
[8]句中to encourage cooperation and trade是动词不定式短语作表语。
[9]句中which引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面一句话。
14.拓展；伸出
15．增强……和……的联系
16．在未来的几年里
17．为了……的利益
18．未来的贸易和文化交流
China has also joined its friends across the sea on other important projects.[10]Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times，there are still many other places left to explore. [11]In recent years，China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic. From a scientific point of view19，there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
[12]Hundreds of years on20，and with the latest technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
[10]句中although引导的是让步状语从句，left to explore是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰many other places。
[11]句中to explore the Arctic是动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[12]句中with the latest technology in hand是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构。
19.从科学的角度来看
20．数百年后
析篇章结构
set sail 起航；开航
[教材原句P26]However，merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did.而东方的商人和探险家们早在哥伦布首次航行前很多年就已经开始从东半球向西半球航行了。
set sail for起航前往…… set sail from从……起航 set foot on踏上 set off动身；出发；引爆；引发 set out to do sth(怀着目标)开始做某事 set about doing sth着手做某事 set up建立；设置；建起 set down写下；放下；记下
(读后续写之片段描写)当船员们从里斯本起航时，他们向那个未知的岛屿驶去。一踏上海岸，他们就意外地引发了一个隐藏的机械装置。他们下定决心，着手解开这个谜团，开始解读古代的符号。他们搭起帐篷，仔细记下他们的发现，心中充满了期待。
As the crew (1)set sail from Lisbon，they (2)set sail for the uncharted island.Upon (3)setting foot on its shores，they accidentally (4)set off a hidden mechanism.Determined，they (5)set out to solve the mystery，(6)setting about interpreting ancient symbols.They (7)set up a camp，carefully (8)setting down their findings，hearts racing with anticipation.
extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长；提供；伸展，展开(extensive adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的 extension n．延伸；扩大；延期)
[教材原句P26]A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean，centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka)．以锡兰(今斯里兰卡)为中心的一条横跨海洋的贸易路线也沿着印度洋海岸延伸。
extend...to...向……提供；给予 extend to延长到
(1)We visited the nature reserve extending to 40 miles offshore during the peak season.
(2)Every day I read English tales for half an hour，and I benefit a lot from such extensive(extend) reading.
[写作佳句]
(3)(应用文写作之感谢信)即使他身处困境，他也会向我伸出援手。因此，我要向他表示衷心的感谢。
Even if he is in trouble，he will extend his helping hand to me.So I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to him.
negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商(negotiation n．谈判；磋商；协商 negotiable adj.可协商的 negotiator n．谈判代表；协商者)
[教材原句P26]Here，merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals，which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.在这里，来自中国和其他许多地方的商人聚在一起，洽谈贸易协议，这也增进了对彼此文化的认识。
[译林版]For example，if you are a business person negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal，you should do it face to face，using formal language in a straightforward manner.
例如，如果你是一个商人，正在与一家大企业洽谈一笔交易，你应该面对面地，用正式的语言，以直截了当的方式进行沟通。
·negotiate with sb for/about/on sth＝negotiate sth with sb与某人商议/谈判某事 ·under negotiation在商讨中 in negotiation with 和……协商中 enter into/open/begin/conduct negotiations with sb和某人开始/进行谈判
(1)The chairwoman was negotiating with the prime minister of Australia about/for/on the trade conflicts.
(2)Frankly speaking，the distribution of bonus is still under negotiation(negotiate) temporarily.
[写作佳句]
(3)(应用文写作之投稿)参加课外活动能让我们学会如何与其他同学进行协商与合作。
Participating in extra-curricular activities enables us to learn how to negotiate and cooperate with other students.
withdraw vi.& vt.(withdrew，withdrawn)(使)撤回；撤离；提取(存款等)；收回(发言、意见等)(withdrawal n．收回；退出；取款；脱瘾期)
[教材原句P26]Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433，these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.尽管1433年后中国停止了进一步的探索，但在随后的几个世纪，这些陆地和海洋路线仍是与其他文化之间的活跃通道。
[外研版]Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life，seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives.两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退，在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。
withdraw (...) from...退出；撤回
(1)The merchant decided to make a withdrawal(withdraw) of financial support for the project.We wondered what it was that made him withdraw from the promising project.
[写作佳句]
(2)(读后续写之情绪描写)我也不能从银行取钱，我就像热锅上的蚂蚁一样来回踱步。
Neither could I withdraw some money from a bank and I paced back and forth like an ant on a hot pan.
in hand 在手头；可供使用；在处理中
[教材原句P27]Hundreds of years on，and with the latest technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.数百年过去了，由于拥有了最新技术，在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下，中国将跨海越洋，迈向未来。
·at hand近在手边，在附近 at first hand第一手；亲自 by hand手工 hand in hand手挽手；密切关联 ·hand in 上交 hand out 分发；提出，给予(建议等) hand over 移交
(读后续写之片段描写)有地图可供使用，该团队向附近的古遗址走去。他们亲眼看见了神秘的雕刻，细心地手工记录下细节。友好的当地人加入他们，分发工具和水。当他们发现一个破碎的雕像时，领队把照片移交给科学家，后来又上交了一份报告，终于完成了他们的夏季冒险。
With maps (1)in hand，the team trekked toward the ancient ruins (2)at hand.Seeing mysterious carvings (3)at first hand，they carefully set down details (4)by hand.Friendly locals joined them，(5)handing out tools and water.When they found a broken statue，the leader (6)handed over photos to scientists and later (7)handed in a report，finally completing their summer adventure.
There is a need to do sth.有必要做某事。
[教材原句P27]From a scientific point of view，there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.从科学角度看，迫切需要研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。
in need在困难中，在危急中 in need of需要 There is no need for...……是没有必要的。 There is no need for sb to do sth.对某人来说做某事没有必要。
(1)(话题写作之传统文化)有些人认为，当代中国人没必要传承中华传统文化。但就我个人而言，急需保护它免于消亡。毕竟，为了少犯错误，我们需要古人的智慧。
In some people’s opinion，there is no need for Chinese people to pass down traditional Chinese culture in modern times.But personally，there is an urgent need to protect it from dying out.After all，we are in need of ancient people’s wisdom so that we can make fewer mistakes.
(2)(记叙文之写人)他是如此坚强，即使他身处困境，也绝不放弃。
He is such a strong-willed man that by no means will he give up even if (he is) in need.
Ⅰ.品句猜词
1．Aware of his mistake，the minister withdrew his former statement later.vt.收回(发言、意见等)
2．The chairman extended a warm welcome to the guest speaker.vt.提供
3．Complaints must be made through the proper and legal channels.n.途径
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1．The prime minister’s jewels were guarded by special royal soldiers.
2．To our happiness，our school sponsored a football league in association with another three schools.
3．Their so-called grand fleets(舰队) were completely destroyed in the war.
4．The bonds(关系) between members of this kind of mammal are not as strong as those in a human family.
5．We have been negotiating(协商) with these merchants for the fair distribution of goods.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．What was it that caused the butcher to withdraw from the seemingly beneficial event
2．I will buy her some delicious bread from the bakery in return for her generous assistance to me.
3．The prime minister sponsored an extension(extend) of unemployment benefits.
4．It is important to found(found) a Foundation of Endangered Species to better protect animals.
5．When we are caught in a temporary difficult phase，there is no need to worry(worry) too much.
6．With Chinese herbs gaining(gain) popularity，more and more people throughout the globe are attached to traditional Chinese medicine.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
It is well-known that mankind’s greatest achievements have often resulted from trade and 1.curiosity(curious) and people of early civilisations had a strong desire 2.to complete(complete) the great map of the world.European explorers,3.inspired(inspire) by Marco Polo’s tales，searched for sea routes from west to east.However，merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first 4.did(do)．In ancient times，Chinese merchants shipped silk to India，the Middle East，and Rome，along 5.what became known as the Silk Road.Trade between merchants from China and other 6.places(place) resulted in better understanding of each other’s cultures.In the Ming Dynasty，seven large fleets led by Zheng He set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea，and then to the east coast of Africa for trade and exploration.To reach out across the sea remains 7.a strong desire today.The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，part of the Belt and Road Initiative.Besides，by now China 8.has joined(join) its friends across the sea on other important projects.With the 9.latest(late) technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far 10.into the future.
作业1
[分值：60分]
Ⅰ.短语填空　(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
1．Last week I withdrew from(从……退出) the organization because I couldn’t bear the violent competition.
2．My curiosity drove me to(驱使某人做某事) approach the hollow tree trunk，so I tiptoed to it cautiously.
3．It was the sponsor of the event that inspired me to(激励某人做某事) pursue freedom however difficult it was.
4．I will show him around the iconic tourist attractions in Beijing in return for(作为……的回报) his kindness and generosity.
5．What made us proud was that our son became known as(作为……而出名) a professor in biology.
Ⅱ.主题微写作——海洋开发(满分15分)
1．虽然没有先进的设备，人类在古代就开始探索海洋。(although引导让步状语从句)
Although there was no advanced equipment，human beings had set about exploring the sea since ancient times.
2．现在有现代设备可使用，我们可以在海底得到更多的矿产资源。(with的复合结构)
With modern equipment in hand at present，we can get more mineral resources under the sea.
3．过度开发是有害的，急需保护海洋免遭破坏。(there is an urgent need to do)
Too much exploitation is harmful and there is an urgent need to protect the sea from being destroyed.
4．因此，所有国家已经在商讨如何适度开发海洋，这是有益的。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
So all the countries have been negotiating about how to exploit the sea moderately，which is rewarding.
5．毕竟，为后代保护海洋是非常重要的。(it is＋adj.＋to do)
After all，it is quite important/significant to protect the sea for future generations.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Last Tuesday，a robotic ship called the Mayflower Autonomous Ship(MAS) set sail from Plymouth，England.The 15-meter ship will recreate the 1620 crossing of the Atlantic by the original Mayflower，which brought the first European settlers to what is now Plymouth，Massachusetts.But unlike the original Mayflower，there are no people on board.Everything about the ship is designed to run automatically.The ship is guided by an artificial intelligence(AI) system called “AI Captain”．
The MAS is a project run by a group called ProMare along with IBM，aiming to test different kinds of technologies for collecting information about the sea.The new Mayflower’s electric motor is powered by solar energy.The builders of the ship say they hope it can be used in the future to travel and research parts of oceans that are too difficult or dangerous for people to reach.If these can be handled by machines，it could be a big advance in ocean research.
Since the MAS didn’t have to carry humans，its designers were free to think about how to make the best ship for the job.Apart from cameras and radar to help the ship guide itself，the ship is carrying different kinds of tools and sensors.It has special listening devices which can detect whales and dolphins and even a special “tongue” that can report back on the chemicals in the seawater.
Last Friday morning，scientists tracking the ship noticed that it was going about half as fast as it should have been going.The AI Captain was working well，but there seemed to be something slowing the motor down.Since the ship had only covered 10% of the way across the Atlantic，the team decided to bring it back to Plymouth so that they could fix the problem and send it out again.
When the MAS finally does put out to sea again，it is expected to take about three weeks to cross the Atlantic Ocean.The fastest speed for the MAS is about 10 miles per hour.That may seem slow，but it’s about 5 times faster than the original Mayflower，which took 66 days to make the journey.
语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了机器人船横渡大西洋的情况，介绍了这个名为“MAS”的机器人船的功能设备以及遇到的故障。
1．What might be the ultimate mission of the MAS project
A．Developing new AI captain systems.
B．Testing the new robotic ship of IBM.
C．Exploring the ocean with high technologies.
D．Travelling across the Atlantic on the Mayflower.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段首句“The MAS is a project run by a group called ProMare along with IBM，aiming to test different kinds of technologies for collecting information about the sea.(MAS是由名为ProMare的组织与IBM共同运营的一个项目，旨在测试收集海洋信息的不同技术)”可知，MAS项目的终极使命是用高科技探索海洋。故选C。
2．What aspect of MAS does the third paragraph tell us
A．Its operating system.
B．Its working principle.
C．Its functional equipment.
D．Its design philosophy.
答案　C
解析　段落大意题。根据第三段可知，由于MAS不需要载人，它的设计者可以自由地思考如何制造出最适合这项工作的轮船。除了帮助船只导航的摄像机和雷达，这艘船还携带了各种各样的工具和传感器。它有特殊的监听装置，可以探测到鲸鱼和海豚，甚至还有一个特殊的“舌头”，可以报告海水中的化学物质。由此可知，第三段介绍了MAS的功能设备。故选C。
3．What caused the MAS to turn back during its voyage
A．The AI Captain sent wrong instructions.
B．The electric motor got affected by something.
C．The scientists wanted to change the ship’s route.
D．The ship needed to be serviced on a regular basis.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“The AI Captain was working well，but there seemed to be something slowing the motor down.Since the ship had only covered 10% of the way across the Atlantic，the team decided to bring it back to Plymouth so that they could fix the problem and send it out again.(人工智能船长运行状况良好，但似乎有什么因素减慢了马达的速度。由于这艘船只完成了大西洋航线的10%的航程，团队决定把它带回普利茅斯，这样他们就可以解决这个问题，并再次启航)”可知，马达被某物影响导致MAS返航。故选B。
4．What could be the best title for the text
A．A Robotic Ship’s Global Voyage
B．New Mayflower Crossing the Atlantic
C．New Mayflower’s Failed Mission
D．AI Captain System Guiding a Robotic Ship
答案　B
解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段可知，一艘名为“五月花号(MAS)”的机器人船从英国普利茅斯启航。这艘15米长的船将重现1620年“五月花号”横渡大西洋的历程，但与最初的“五月花号”不同的是，这艘船上没有人。下文主要说明了机器人船横渡大西洋的情况，介绍了这个机器人船的功能设备以及遇到的故障。由此可知，B选项“新五月花号横渡大西洋”最符合文章标题。故选B。
B(此篇精读)
Sperm whales(抹香鲸) have the biggest brains of any animal on the planet at up to twenty pounds，as much as six times the size of an average human brain.They live in groups of about ten and sometimes meet up with hundreds or thousands of other whales.Sperm whales can grow up to eighteen meters long and dive to nearly 1,000 meters to hunt for food.They sleep upright and in groups.
Like many whales and dolphins，sperm whales are highly social animals and communicate underwater by strings of rapid clicks①，which are also used to help them locate and track their food.
In a study published in the journal Nature Communications，researchers analyzed more than 8,700 pieces of sperm whale clicks that they believe make up a “phonetic alphabet(音标)”，which the whales can use to build the very rough equivalent(对应的事物) of what people think of as words and phrases.They say they have found four basic components that they think make up this phonetic alphabet.Pratyusha Sharma，the paper’s lead researcher，says this alphabet could then be used by the whales in an unlimited number of combinations.
To get enough records of the sperm whale clicks in Dominica，where there is a residential② population of about 200 sperm whales，scientists created a huge underwater recording studio with microphones at different depths.Devices on the whales recorded what position they were in when clicking—for example，diving，sleeping，breathing at the surface—and if there were any other whales nearby they might be communicating with.
Jeremy Goldbogen，an associate③ professor of oceans at Stanford University，who was not involved in the study，said that if we were one day able to understand what sperm whales were saying，that knowledge should be used for conservation purposes，like minimizing their risk of being hit by ships or reducing ocean noise levels.
David Gruber，founder and president of the Cetacean Translation Initiative，says millions and possibly billions of whale clicks would be needed to collect enough data to try to work out what the whales are saying，but he expects AI to help speed the analysis.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲科学家收集和研究抹香鲸发出的声音，以便更好地保护它们。
5．What do we know about sperm whales
A．They often travel alone.
B．They can sleep on their backs.
C．They can be up to 18 meters long.
D．They have smaller brains than humans.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Sperm whales can grow up to eighteen meters long and dive to nearly 1,000 meters to hunt for food.They sleep upright and in groups.(抹香鲸可以长到18米长，潜到近1 000米来觅食。它们成团直立睡觉)”可知，抹香鲸可以长到18米长。故选C。
6．What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A．Language learning takes a lot of practice.
B．Sperm whales give off clicks to track each other.
C．The experimental results are inconsistent with the expectation.
D．Sperm whales and humans may communicate in a similar way.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“In a study published...words and phrases.(在Nature Communications杂志上发表的一项研究中，研究人员分析了8 700多头抹香鲸发出咔嗒声，他们认为这些声音构成了一个‘音标’，抹香鲸可以用它来构建人们认为的单词和短语的大致等价物)”可推断，抹香鲸和人类的交流方式可能相似。故选D。
7．Which statement will Jeremy Goldbogen probably agree with
A．The study is very meaningful.
B．The ocean noise level is rather low.
C．It is risky to hunt sperm whales.
D．It is easy to protect sperm whales.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第五段可知，没有参与这项研究的斯坦福大学海洋学副教授Jeremy Goldbogen说，如果有一天我们能够理解抹香鲸在说什么，那么这些知识应该用于保护目的，比如最大限度地降低它们被船只撞击的风险或降低海洋噪声水平。由此可推断，Jeremy Goldbogen认为，对于抹香鲸所发出的声音的研究非常有意义。故选A。
8．What does David Gruber suggest
A．Limiting the use of AI.
B．Recording the number of whales.
C．Collecting more whale clicks.
D．Recovering the whale populations.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，Cetacean Translation Initiative的创始人兼总裁David Gruber表示，需要数百万甚至数十亿次的鲸鱼发出的声音来收集足够的数据，从而试图弄清楚鲸鱼在说什么，但他希望人工智能能帮助加快分析速度。所以，David Gruber建议多收集一些抹香鲸的声音数据。故选C。
[语境猜词]
①click vt.& vi.(用鼠标或在触摸板上)单击，点击；(使)发出咔嗒声 n．(对鼠标或触摸板的)单击，点击；咔嗒声(本文为此义)
②resident n．居民→residential adj.居住的
③associate vt.联想；联系 vi.交往 n．同事；伙伴 adj.副的(本文为此义)
[句式分析]
In a study published in the journal Nature Communications，researchers analyzed more than 8,700 pieces of sperm whale clicks that they believe make up a “phonetic alphabet”，which the whales can use to build the very rough equivalent of what people think of as words and phrases.
分析：此句为复合句。published...为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰study；that引导定语从句，clicks作先行词，that在从句中充当主语；which引导非限制性定语从句，phonetic alphabet为先行词，which在从句中充当宾语。
翻译：在《自然通讯》杂志上发表的一项研究中，研究人员分析了8 700多份抹香鲸咔嗒声，他们认为这些咔嗒声构成了一种“音标”，抹香鲸可以用它来构建大概类似于人类所说的单词和短语的东西。
Ⅳ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
One day，I was standing on the boat when a very large female leopard seal swam by.I put on my diving gear and got my camera.I was 1 .My mouth was dry.At first，I couldn’t even move.But I knew it was time to 2 this mysterious creature.
I jumped into the freezing water.Immediately，the seal swam toward me.Then she put my entire camera—and much of my 3 —into her mouth.Although the seal was putting me at risk，I tried not to 4 any fear.After a few seconds，she let go of my head.She 5 me a few more times and swam away.Then she 6 with a live penguin.She even tried to show me how to 7 it.She tried to push the penguin into my camera—she thought the camera was my 8 ！ The seal thought I was just another large animal，and she was trying to 9 me，I realized.
By now，she didn’t seem very 10 .She stayed by me for four days.One time，she noticed another leopard seal 11 behind me.She made a deep，threatening sound and 12 the other seal away.
Those four days were the most incredible experience I ever had as a wildlife 13 .I got some amazing pictures.I also learned that animals do not always behave the way we 14 .My relationship with this powerful and 15 animal will stay with me forever.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在一次潜水中遇到了一只大型雌性猎海豹，尽管起初感到恐惧，但作者还是决定与其互动。作者通过这次经历知道了动物不总是按照我们的想法行动。
1．A.amused B．enthusiastic
C．cautious D．frightened
答案　D
解析　amused被逗乐的；enthusiastic热情的；cautious小心的；frightened害怕的。根据后文“My mouth was dry.At first，I couldn’t even move.”可知，作者嘴巴发干，不敢动，所以是吓到了。故选D。
2．A.approach B．rescue
C．treat D．hunt
答案　A
解析　approach接近；rescue营救；treat处理；hunt打猎。根据后文“I jumped into the freezing water.Immediately，the seal swam toward me.”可知，作者跳进水里，所以此处指作者接近这个神秘的生物。故选A。
3．A.leg B．head
C．body D．neck
答案　B
解析　leg腿；head头；body身体；neck脖子。根据后文“After a few seconds，she let go of my head.”可知，作者的大部分脑袋被放进海豹的嘴里。故选B。
4．A.feel B．arouse
C．reveal D．overcome
答案　C
解析　feel感觉到；arouse激起；reveal露出；overcome克服。根据前文“Although the seal was putting me at risk”以及后文“any fear”可知，although引导的句子应和后文构成转折，所以应是“虽然海豹使我处于危险中，但我不表现出任何恐惧”符合语境。故选C。
5．A.attacked B．threatened
C．disturbed D．confused
答案　B
解析　attack攻击；threaten威胁；disturb干扰；confuse使迷惑。根据前文“Then she put my entire camera—and much of my —into her mouth.”可知，海豹把作者的头放进嘴里，这是一种威胁，所以此处指海豹又威胁了作者几次。故选B。
6．A.disappeared B．communicated
C．returned D．competed
答案　C
解析　disappear消失；communicate沟通；return返回；compete竞争。根据前文“swam away”以及后文的“with a live penguin”可知，前面说海豹游走了，所以此处应是带着一只活企鹅回来了。故选C。
7．A.digest B．eat
C．seize D．injure
答案　B
解析　digest消化；eat吃；seize抓住；injure伤害。根据前文“Then she with a live penguin.”可知，海豹带回一只企鹅，试图向作者展示怎么吃它。故选B。
8．A.mouth B．eyes
C．nose D．stomach
答案　A
解析　mouth嘴；eye眼睛；nose鼻子；stomach胃。根据前文“She even tried to show me how to it.She tried to push the penguin into my camera”可知，海豹向作者展示怎么吃企鹅，并且往相机里放，应是把相机当成了作者的嘴。故选A。
9．A.discipline B．adopt
C．observe D．feed
答案　D
解析　discipline训诫；adopt采用；observe观察；feed喂养。根据前文“She even tried to show me how to it.She tried to push the penguin into my camera”可知，海豹想要把企鹅喂给作者。故选D。
10．A.powerful B．dangerous
C．sensitive D．gentle
答案　B
解析　powerful强大的；dangerous危险的；sensitive敏感的；gentle温和的。根据前文“The seal thought I was just another large animal，and she was trying to me，I realized.”可知，海豹想喂作者，所以此处指它看起来并不是很危险。故选B。
11．A.come across B．come back
C．come over D．come up
答案　D
解析　come across偶然遇见；come back回来；come over过来；come up走近，靠近。根据前文“she noticed another leopard seal”以及后文“behind me”可知，她注意到另一只猎海豹从作者身后靠近。故选D。
12．A.drove B．directed
C．took D．waved
答案　A
解析　drive驱赶；direct指导；take带走；wave挥舞。根据前文“She made a deep，threatening sound”可知，它发出一声低沉的威胁声，把另一只海豹赶走了。故选A。
13．A.manager B．painter
C．advocate D．photographer
答案　D
解析　manager经理；painter画家；advocate支持者；photographer摄影师。根据前文“I put on my diving gear and got my camera.”可知，作者拿着照相机，所以作者应是野生动物摄影师。故选D。
14．A.demand B．work
C．expect D．react
答案　C
解析　demand需要；work工作；expect预期；react反应。根据前文“Then she put my entire camera—and much of my —into her mouth.”及“She tried to push the penguin into my camera—she thought the camera was my ！”可知，海豹的行为前后发生了很大的变化，它一开始威胁作者，后来与作者分享食物。这说明海豹并不像人们认为的那样可怕危险。故选C。
15．A.intelligent B．accessible
C．primitive D．anxious
答案　A
解析　intelligent聪明的；accessible可使用的；primitive原始的；anxious焦虑的。根据前文“The seal thought I was just another large animal，and she was trying to me，I realized.”可知，这只海豹有自己的想法，知道和其他动物交朋友，所以是聪明的。故选A。

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