资源简介

(共93张PPT)
Period 4
Using Language
Sea exploration
Unit 3
内容索引
Step 1　课文深度理解
Step 2　语言知识梳理
Step 3　基础达标检测
作业4
课文深度理解
Task 1：Fast reading for the structure of the text.
Ⅰ.Skim the passage to find out the general idea of the text by filling in the chart below.
problems
necessary
pollution
Mining
help
possessions
balance
Ⅱ.Skim the two texts to find out the main idea.
The texts mainly talk about .
the reasons and risks about sea exploration
Task 2：Careful reading for the details of the text.
Read the texts carefully and choose the best answer.
Text 1
1.Why does the author mention the Deepwater Horizon
A.To stress the bad effects of plastic.
B.To show it has more gallons of oil.
C.To explain its influence on animals.
D.To prove it has caused serious pollution.
√
2.How does the author support his topic
A.By listing facts.
B.By making comments.
C.By analyzing problems.
D.By making comparisons.
√
3.What is the meaning of “negative cycle” in paragraph 3
A.A damaged item.
B.An incomplete link.
C.An idea that is not positive.
D.One trouble leads to another that worsens the first.
√
4.What’s the author’s attitude to sea exploration
A.Neutral. B.Opposed.
C.Indifferent. D.Supportive.
√
Text 2
5.What is the opinion of the author
A.There are no problems with sea exploration.
B.There are worse side-effects of sea exploration.
C.Advantages of exploring oceans outweigh disadvantages.
D.People manage to balance between risks and economic needs.
√
6.What makes it necessary for us to explore the sea
A.The rising population.
B.The development of technology.
C.The damage caused by earthquakes.
D.The valuable minerals under the sea.
√
7.How does sea exploration help us
A.By logging new creatures.
B.By preventing earthquakes.
C.By discovering limitless resources.
D.By handling climate change thoroughly.
√
Task 3：Translate the following phrases into English.
1.谈论；谈及
2.继续做某事
3.使……流入
4.这个消极循环
5.残忍地；无情地
6.为……的所在地
7.对于……重要
8.(某事)发生在某人/某物身上
______
________________
_________
________________
_____________
__________
_______________
_______________
talk of
continue to do sth
spill...into
this negative cycle
without mercy
be home to
be important for
happen to sb/sth
9.采取行动
10.提高某人对……的理解
11.大量的
12.不仅……而且
13.环境风险
__________
____________________________
__________
_______________
__________________
improve one’s understanding of
amounts of
not just...but also
environmental risks
take action
Task 4：Analyse some long and difficult sentences.
1.When people talk of exploring the sea more，they usually mean exploiting it.(P32 Text 1 Para.1)
[结构分析] 此句为 句，其中when引导 从句。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
人们在谈论扩大海洋勘探的时候，通常指的是海洋开发。
复合
时间状语
2.Plastic pollution is also bad，killing many birds and fish，and has even been found in our tap water.(P32 Text 1 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是 句，and连接并列的两个谓语，killing many birds and fish是现在分词短语作 。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
塑料污染也十分严重，导致许多鸟类和鱼类死亡，甚至在我们的自来水中也发现了塑料污染。
简单
结果状语
3.Because of climate change，there is less ice now，which means we can look for more fossil fuels further north.(P32 Text 1 Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句是 句，主句是 句型， 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句一整句话，we can look for more fossil fuels further north是省略了that的 从句，作means的 。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
由于气候变化，现在冰川减少了，这意味着我们可以在更北的地方寻找更多的化石燃料。
复合
there be
which
宾语
宾语
4.To truly understand our planet，we must explore the oceans which cover most of it.(P32 Text 2 Para.1)
[结构分析] 此句是 句，主句是 结构，to truly understand our planet是不定式短语作 ，which引导 从句，修饰先行词 。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
为了真正了解我们的星球，我们必须探索覆盖其表面大部分的海洋。
复合
主谓宾
目的状语
限制性定语
the oceans
5.We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.(P32 Text 2 Para.1)
[结构分析] 此句是 句，what引导 从句，作understand的 ，so that引导 从句。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，这样我们才能采取行动。
复合
宾语
目的状语
返 回
宾语
语言知识梳理
n.混合；结合体；混合物 [mix vt.配制 vt.& vi.混淆；(使)混合 mixed adj.混合的；混杂的]
[教材原句P28]Reaching out across the sea is often a mixture of danger and boredom.跨越海洋往往是危险和无聊的混合体。
[外研版]Ultimately，the road ahead—the road through our lives—is a mixture of choice and chance.最后，前方的路，也就是我们的人生之路，其实是由选择和机会交织而成的。
1
mixture
·a mixture of...……的混合体
·mix...with/and...把……与……混合
(1)I have made up my mind to withdraw from this (mix) school because I can’t adapt to the learning atmosphere.
(2)Being a teacher by profession，I don’t think it’s a good idea to mix learning pleasure.
mixed
with/and
(3)(个人成长类读后续写)渐渐地，我很自在地和他讨论这个项目，一种温暖和宽慰的感觉涌上心头。
Gradually I was comfortable to discuss the project with him，__________________________________________.(独立主格)
写作佳句
a mixture of warmth and relief flooding over me
n.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠(merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽大的 merciless adj.残忍的；无情的)
2
mercy
[教材原句P32]Although this was banned in 1982，some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy.尽管早在1982年就已禁止，但有的国家仍在无情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。
[译林版]A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and winds；likewise，a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour.没有锚的船任凭风浪摆布；同样，没有责任感的人被自己粗心草率的行为所左右。
·show mercy to/have mercy on对……怜悯/宽恕/同情
　without mercy残忍地；无情地
　at the mercy of...任由……摆布
·be merciful to/towards对……仁慈
(1)To everyone’s shock，the butcher is actually the (mercy) murderer.In other words，the butcher killed the victim mercy.
(2)Thanks to the (mercy) lady who ran a bakery，I had money to buy a ticket home.
merciless
without
merciful
(3)(助人类读后续写)随着经济的衰落，许多失业的人只能任由贫困摆布。仁慈而体贴的Meredith夫人同情他们，主动给他们带去食物和药品。
With the economy in decline，many people who lost their jobs were only poverty. Mrs Meredith them and offered to bring them food and medicine.
写作佳句
at the mercy of
Merciful and thoughtful
had mercy on/showed mercy to
n.(usually pl.)个人财产；拥有；控制(possess vt.拥有；具有；支配)
[教材原句P32]The sea is home to life，not human beings’ possessions.海洋是生命的家园，而不是人类的私产。
[外研版]While we are living，we tend to get distracted by unimportant things，such as gathering material possessions.在我们活着的时候，我们往往会被不重要的事物分散注意力，例如积累物质财富。
3
possession
·in possession of具有，拥有
　in the possession of被……拥有，归……所有
　take possession of占有，拥有
·be possessed of具有某种品质(或特征)
(1)The middle-aged man took of the laptop company four years ago but later lost all his because of his failure in his business.(possess)
possession
possessions
(2)(话题写作之景点介绍)每年数不清的游客涌入北京，这里各种各样的旅游景点具有中国古代特色。
Every year numerous visitors pour into Beijing，where various tourist attractions .
(3)(读后续写之心理描写)一想到这里，一种难耐的羞愧感就笼罩着他。
At this thought， .
写作佳句
are possessed of ancient Chinese features
an unbearable sense of shame possessed him
4
动名词(短语)作主语
[教材原句P32]Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better.
深入了解海洋也有助于我们更好地管理其资源。
[结构分析]此句为简单句，understanding more about the sea是动名词短语作主语。
动名词(短语)作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词通常用单数形式。动名词(短语)作主语和不定式作主语一样，也可以用it作形式主语，把动名词(短语)置于某些形容词及名词之后。常见的能用于这种结构的形容词和名词有no good，no use，useless等。
(1)犯如此愚蠢的错误使我妈妈暴跳如雷，但是，覆水难收。我应该做的是下次更细心。
made my mother explode with anger.But __________________________________________.What I should do is to be more careful next time.
Making such a silly mistake
it is useless/no use/no good crying over spilt milk
(2)(读后续写之升华句)传递善意和爱的确使这个世界成为一个更美丽的地方。
did make the world a more beautiful place.
(3)(话题写作之学校生活)课间练习太极拳确实对身心都有好处，我们马上开始吧。
does benefit us physically and mentally and let’s start right away.
Passing kindness and love
Practising tai chi during class breaks
5
so...that...引导结果状语从句
[教材原句P34]The son loved his parents so much that he promised not to swim.儿子非常爱他的父母，所以他答应不去游泳。
[结构分析]此句为复合句。so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。
·so...that...句型的基本结构：
　
　so＋
形容词/副词＋that从句
形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that从句
many/few＋可数名词复数＋that从句
much/little(少)＋不可数名词＋that从句
·such...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。该句型
　的基本结构：
　
　such＋
·当so/such位于句首时，主句用倒装语序。
a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋that从句
形容词＋可数名词复数＋that从句
形容词＋不可数名词＋that从句
(1)(读后续写之片段描写)这对双胞胎如此爱他们的妈妈，他们决定给她一个母亲节惊喜。但是烹饪是如此难的任务，最终他们恳求爸爸帮忙。看着美味的早餐，妈妈是如此感动，愉快的泪水从她的脸颊流下来。
The twins ____________________________ they decided to give her a Mother’s Day surprise.But cooking was ____________________________
________ they finally pleaded with their father for help.Seeing the delicious breakfast，the mother was tears of joy rolled down her cheeks.
loved their mother so much that
so difficult a task/such a difficult
task that
so moved that
(2)我取得了如此巨大的进步，我所有的老师都称赞我。
I made all my teachers applauded me.
(3)我太激动了，迫不及待地想和我的老师分享这个消息。(倒装句)
that I couldn’t wait to share the news with my teacher.
返 回
such great progress that
So excited was I
基础达标检测
1.He refused to exploit his father’s name to get himself a better job.
2.He was walking in the street when a slogan arrested his attention.
3.He is busy logging what has happened in the past few days in his journal.
Ⅰ.品句猜词
______
______
______
vt.吸引
vt.记录
vt.利用
1.The of the fascinating getaway in Hainan on TV attracts more tourists.
2.A submersible dived into the depths of the sea to find the wreckage of HOPE.
3.I strongly believe that you have the capacity to beat all the (对手) in the tournament.
4.Meanwhile，those present at the press conference (称赞) his speech，which put him in high spirits.
coverage
Ⅱ.单词拼写
manned
opponents
applauded
5.He has got to take a handful of (胶囊) on a daily basis，which makes him quite depressed.
capsules
1.Only under your (profession) guidance can we manage the barbecue restaurant smoothly.
2.The old lady has been in (possess) of the flat located in the suburbs of the city for many years.
3.Hearing that his driving license got suspended，we were overcome with a (mix) of surprise and horror.
4.While overfishing is banned，many people are still “murdering” marine creatures mercy.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
professional
possession
mixture
without
5. (play) golf is what I prefer doing in my routine life，so I sincerely invite you to come with me this weekend.
6.Expensive the laptop was，I still withdrew all my savings from the bank to purchase it.
7.The tale was so moving we were lost in its plot，unable to utter a word.
Playing
as/though
that
When it comes to exploring the sea more，people usually mean exploiting it.Sea exploration has resulted in many issues and will continue to cause more.The Deepwater Horizon spilled more than 200 million 1._______(gallon) of oil into the sea in 2010.Not only is mining for resources fairly 2. (destroy) but overfishing is harmful.While hunting whales and dolphins 3. (ban) in 1982，some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures 4. mercy.Although 5. (be) home to life，the sea is not human beings’ possessions.To 6.________(true) understand our planet，we must explore the oceans.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
gallons
destructive
was banned
without
being
truly
Despite the fact 7. opponents may be quite worried，exploring oceans is crucial for our future.As a 8. (consequent)，more research is necessary.We must have a deeper understanding about the sea,9. will help us manage its resources better.Logging new species will enable us 10. (understand) life on the earth better. Because of a growing population all over the world，new resources for future development are needed.Of course，we are supposed to have a balance between environmental risks and economical needs.
that
consequence
which
to understand
返 回
作业4
1.When (谈及) the approaching tournament，all of the team members think they have the capacity to beat the other opponents.
2.The merchant invested (大量的) money in purchasing raw materials.
3.Being equipped with a good laptop (对于……重要) university students.
4.Something unexpected (发生) the prime minister and fortunately，he kept calm，trying to solve the emergency.
Ⅰ.短语填空
talking of
amounts of
is important for
happened to
5.It’s high time for us (采取行动) to protect marine creatures from being “murdered” by illegal hunters.
to take action
1.随着世界人口的增长，开发海洋变得越来越有必要。(as引导时间状语从句)
，it is becoming increasingly necessary to exploit the sea.
2.海洋拥有各种各样的物种，它们可以给我们提供食物或能源。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
The sea possesses various species，_________________________________.
Ⅱ.主题微写作——海洋探索的利与弊
As the population of the world increases
which can provide us with food or energy
3.然而，许多渔民无情地捕捞了如此多的海洋生物以至于它们中的一些处于灭绝的危险之中。(so...that...；without mercy)
However，many fishermen have caught ____________________________
_________________ some of them are in danger of dying out.
4.因此，应该警告人们，涉嫌过度捕捞的那些人应该被惩罚或逮捕。(that引导宾语从句；get arrested)
Consequently，people should be warned ___________________________
______________________________________.
so many marine creatures
without mercy that
that those who are involved in
overfishing should get punished or arrested
5.把海洋探索和环境保护结合起来可能是一种完美的解决方法。(动名词短语作主语)
may be a wonderful solution.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Combining sea exploration and environmental protection
A
From more boiling summers to more frequent floods，warming weather is impacting our lives in every aspect.For animals，however，it’s not just a comfortable living environment in danger，but their very existence.Many animals are in danger of disappearing due to climate change.A study published on March 7 used fossils from sea creatures to find out which animals are facing the highest risk of extinction as our planet’s climate continues to shift.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是一项利用海洋生物化石的研究：随着地球气候的持续变化，哪些动物面临最高的灭绝风险。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
Carried out by the University of Oxford，the study found that the size of an animal plays a big part in its ability to survive and reproduce.Smaller animals are more likely to become extinct because they tend to use up their energy quickly due to their size.They need lots of food to keep going，so any change that makes food scarce affects them more.Furthermore，small animals usually don’t live as long as larger ones，making them more vulnerable to factors that might reduce their numbers.
Another problem is that small animals generally can’t travel far.So，if their current home is disturbed，or if they face danger，it’s tough for them to find new homes or escape threats，which speed up their extinction，according to the study.
Apart from small animals，those living in extreme heat or cold，such as at the poles，are facing more threats from climate change.These places go through big weather changes，making life even more difficult for species that have already been dealing with tough conditions.As climate change worsens，these extreme environments change rapidly，posing a greater risk for the animals living there.
This study presented us with important information on how to protect wildlife as the world gets warmer.By focusing on the most vulnerable species，conservationists can direct their work more effectively，making the most of limited resources and improving the chances of keeping biodiversity alive despite the environmental challenges.
1.What does the underlined word “scarce” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Insufficient. B.Available.
C.Unbalanced. D.Abundant.
√
词义猜测题。根据画线单词前的“Smaller animals are more likely to become extinct because they tend to use up their energy quickly due to their size.”可知，体型较小的动物因为体型小往往很快耗尽能量而更有可能灭绝，结合画线单词前的“They need lots of food to keep going”可知，体型较小的动物需要大量的食物维持生存，所以任何造成食物“缺少”的变化都可能影响它们，由此可知，画线单词“scarce”的意思与“缺少”意义相近。故选A。
解析
2.What can be inferred from paragraph 2 and paragraph 3
A.Smaller animals consume their energy at a lower speed.
B.The lifespan of animals is definitely decided by their size.
C.The small size of animals potentially limits their travelling distance.
D.Animals’ habitats destruction makes them difficult to escape threats.
√
推理判断题。根据第三段“Another problem is that small animals generally can’t travel far...according to the study.”可知，体型小的动物不能走远，所以它们的家园面临危险时，它们很难找到新家，这加速了它们的灭绝，由此可知，动物的体型小可能限制了它们的行进距离。故选C。
解析
3.What’s the function of the first sentence in paragraph 4
A.Introducing the topic.
B.Transiting to another point.
C.Echoing the content in paragraph 3.
D.Summarizing the above paragraphs.
√
推理判断题。第三段讲述的是体型小的动物会面临着灭绝的危险，而第四段中讲述的是那些生活在极热或极冷环境中的动物面临着气候变化带来的威胁，由此可知，第四段首句起到过渡的作用，从介绍体型小的动物转移到那些生活在极热或极冷环境中的动物。故选B。
解析
4.Which of the following is a suitable measure to protect wildlife
A.Focusing on keeping biodiversity.
B.Carrying out more research work.
C.Reducing the usage of limited resources.
D.Paying more attention to the most endangered species.
√
细节理解题。根据尾段中的“By focusing on the most vulnerable species，conservationists can direct their work more effectively，making the most of limited resources and improving the chances of keeping biodiversity alive despite the environmental challenges.”可知，通过关注最脆弱的物种，人们可以最大限度地利用有限的资源，提高保持生物多样性生存的机会，由此可知，更多地关注最濒危的物种是保护野生动物的合适措施。故选D。
解析
B(此篇精读)
A massive crack through Africa is set to split① the continent into two and form Earth’s sixth ocean，an entirely new sea from Ethiopia to Mozambique，scientists have warned.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了东非大裂谷或将催生地球第六大洋，东非大裂谷活动加剧，科学家探讨数千万年后海洋形成可能性。
The so-called Eastern African Rift(东非大裂谷) formed at least 22 million years ago but has shown activity over the last few decades.Ken Macdonald，a professor，said，“What we do not know is if this rifting will continue on its present pace to eventually open up an ocean basin，like the Red Sea.Or might it speed up At the present rate，a sea about the size of the current Red Sea，might form in about 20－30 million years.”
Eastern African Rift System(EARS) stretches from the Gulf of Aden in the north to Zimbabwe in the south.Researchers believe EARS is growing larger because two tectonic plates are moving away from each other.It likely formed because of heat flowing up from the hotter，weaker，upper part of Earth’s mantle(地幔).Now，a study found that a massive eruption of super-heated rock coming up from our planet’s core is driving the rifting.
Geophysicist D.Sarah Stamps compared a rifting continent’s different deformation② styles with playing with Silly Putty(黏土玩具).“If you hit Silly Putty with a hammer，it can actually crack and break，” said Stamps.“But if you slowly pull it apart，the Silly Putty stretches.So on different time scales，Earth’s lithosphere(岩石圈) behaves in different ways.”
The recent crack in 2018 is being debated among the scientific community，as some believe it is showing the separation in real time，while others believe such progression is impossible.One resident named Eliud claimed he saw the crack run through his home.And he could only collect some of his belongings before his house collapsed.Damages were seen on a busy road in Kenya.
5.What is the potential outcome if the rifting continues at its current pace
A.Immediate formation of a large ocean.
B.Rapid formation of new mountain ranges.
C.Complete closure of the Eastern African Rift.
D.Creation of an ocean equivalent to the Red Sea.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At the present rate，a sea about the size of the current Red Sea，might form in about 20－30 million years.(按照目前的速度，大约在2 000万至3 000万年后，可能会形成一个与当前红海大小相当的海洋)”可知，如果裂谷以目前的速度继续下去，可能会创造出一个与当前红海大小相当的海洋。故选D。
解析
6.What contributes to the crack of Eastern African Rift System
A.The stretches of the Gulf of Aden.
B.The eruption of super-heated rock.
C.The crashes of moving tectonic plates.
D.The split of weaker part of Earth’s core.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It likely formed because of heat flowing up...is driving the rifting.”可知，东非大裂谷的破裂是由于地球的核心升起的超高温岩石的大规模喷发。故选B。
解析
7.Why does Sarah mention the Silly Putty in paragraph 4
A.To stress the flexibility of continents more.
B.To better introduce the behaviors of players.
C.To further analyze the formation of continents.
D.To vividly explain how rifting continent changes.
√
推理判断题。根据第四段内容“地球物理学家D.Sarah Stamps将裂谷大陆的不同变形风格与玩黏土玩具进行了比较。Stamps说：‘如果你用锤子击打黏土玩具，它实际上会破裂。’‘但如果你慢慢地把它拉开，黏土玩具就会伸展。因此，在不同的时间尺度上，地球岩石圈的行为方式不同。’”可知，Sarah提到黏土玩具是为了与大陆分裂进行类比，生动地解释大陆的分裂是如何变化的。故选D。
解析
8.What might be the attitude of the scientists toward the real-time rifting
A.Indifferent. B.Negative.
C.Contradictory. D.Optimistic.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The recent crack in 2018 is being debated among the scientific community，as some believe it is showing the separation in real time，while others believe such progression is impossible.(最近2018年的裂缝正在受到科学界的争论，因为一些人认为它实时显示了分离，而另一些人则认为这样的进展是不可能的)”可知，科学家对于实时的裂缝的态度不同，科学家们的态度是相互矛盾的。故选C。
解析
语境猜词
①split n.分裂；裂缝
v. (本文为此义)
②deformation n._____
变形
使分开
What we do not know is if this rifting will continue on its present pace to eventually open up an ocean basin，like the Red Sea.
分析：此句为 句。what引导 从句，并在从句中充当 ；if引导 从句。
翻译：_________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
句式分析
复合
主语
宾语
表语
我们不知道的是，这种裂谷作用是否会以目前的速度持续下去，最终形成像红海那样的海洋盆地。
Does alien life exist It’s a question many people have tried to answer.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新的方法——使用人工智能(AI)来寻找外星生命。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读
A.People’s answers are various.
B.Some experts believe AI can’t tell their origin.
C.The researchers said the AI was 90% accurate.
D.The scientists also think the AI tool could detect alien life forms.
E.Some experts believe the rocks contain Earth’s oldest fossil samples.
F.Now scientists have identified a new method for finding alien life using AI.
G.The AI also could tell whether a biotic sample was currently living or a fossil.
√
1 AI is a type of program that allows a computer to learn from experience and perform tasks that usually require human intelligence.AI works by taking in lots of data，then making predictions based on it.
前文提及外星生命，后文讲述人工智能，所以空处应提及人工智能和外星生命，所以F项“现在，科学家们发现了一种利用人工智能寻找外星生命的新方法”符合文意。故选F。
解析
The research team used their AI method to analyze different materials and determine whether they were biotic(生物性的) or abiotic(非生物性的). 2
A.People’s answers are various.
B.Some experts believe AI can’t tell their origin.
C.The researchers said the AI was 90% accurate.
D.The scientists also think the AI tool could detect alien life forms.
E.Some experts believe the rocks contain Earth’s oldest fossil samples.
F.Now scientists have identified a new method for finding alien life using AI.
G.The AI also could tell whether a biotic sample was currently living or a fossil.
√
根据上文“研究小组利用人工智能方法分析了不同的材料，并确定了它们是生物还是非生物”可知，本段主要讲述人工智能在分析材料的运用，所以G项“人工智能还可以判断生物样本目前是活的还是化石”承接上文，符合本段主题。故选G。
解析
To train the AI program，the researchers gave it data on 134 biotic and abiotic materials.The program then used that knowledge to predict whether things like human hair，bones，teeth，leaves，coal，and chemicals were alive or not. 3
A.People’s answers are various.
B.Some experts believe AI can’t tell their origin.
C.The researchers said the AI was 90% accurate.
D.The scientists also think the AI tool could detect alien life forms.
E.Some experts believe the rocks contain Earth’s oldest fossil samples.
F.Now scientists have identified a new method for finding alien life using AI.
G.The AI also could tell whether a biotic sample was currently living or a fossil.
√
设空位于段尾，是对上文的总结，根据上文可知，本段讲述研究人员如何训练人工智能程序，让它们具备对生物样本的预测能力，所以C项“研究人员表示，人工智能的准确率为90%”说明训练的结果，符合本段主题。故选C。
解析
4 “We may be able to find a life form from another planet，” said Robert Hazen of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington，DC.
A.People’s answers are various.
B.Some experts believe AI can’t tell their origin.
C.The researchers said the AI was 90% accurate.
D.The scientists also think the AI tool could detect alien life forms.
E.Some experts believe the rocks contain Earth’s oldest fossil samples.
F.Now scientists have identified a new method for finding alien life using AI.
G.The AI also could tell whether a biotic sample was currently living or a fossil.
√
设空位于段首，为本段的中心句，根据下文可知，本段讲述人工智能帮助探测生物，所以D项“科学家们还认为，这种人工智能工具可以探测到外星生物”介绍科学家的观点，引出下文。故选D。
解析
“If we do find signs of life elsewhere，we can tell if life on Earth and other planets derived from a common or different origin.” For now，though，the team is focused on ancient rock samples from Earth to learn more about life on our own planet and where it originated.For example，the tool could be used to settle a disagreement among scientists about 3.5-billion-year-old rocks from Western Australia.
5 However，others think the rocks just have unusual patterns.
A.People’s answers are various.
B.Some experts believe AI can’t tell their origin.
C.The researchers said the AI was 90% accurate.
D.The scientists also think the AI tool could detect alien life forms.
E.Some experts believe the rocks contain Earth’s oldest fossil samples.
F.Now scientists have identified a new method for finding alien life using AI.
G.The AI also could tell whether a biotic sample was currently living or a fossil.
√
根据下文“然而，其他人认为这些岩石只是有不寻常的图案”可知，E项“一些专家认为这些岩石含有地球上最古老的化石样本”符合语境，也是讲述有关岩石的研究，与下文内容构成转折，选项中Some experts believe与下文others think相呼应。故选E。
解析
The AI could also be used to examine samples from Mars collected by the Perseverance rover.NASA put this wheeled robot on the red planet to search for evidence that Mars has the right conditions to support life.Perseverance is gathering rock samples that will be brought to Earth in 2033.
In recent years，Tanghu Lake in Wuhan，Hubei Province，has become a new breeding(繁殖的) ground for jacana，a rare water bird,1._________(follow) local government efforts to improve the ecology of ponds and lakes in the city.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章讲述近年来，随着当地政府努力改善武汉市池塘和湖泊的生态状况，武汉的汤湖已成为珍禽水雉的新繁殖地。
following
考查非谓语动词。这里考查非谓语，Tanghu Lake in Wuhan与follow为主动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用现在分词作状语。故填following。
解析
Ⅴ.语法填空
“Ten years ago，jacanas were 2. (hard) seen in Wuhan.With the deepening of ecological environmental protection in recent years，the number of places 3. they can be observed in Wuhan is increasing，” said Yan Jun，president of the Wuhan Bird-Watching Association.
hardly
2.考查副词。此空应填副词作状语，修饰后面动词。故填hardly。
3.考查定语从句。这里考查定语从句，先行词为places，在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where。故填where。
解析
where
The birds fly to Wuhan in May and 4. (they) breeding period is from June to August.After the baby birds learn 5. (fly) in September they move south.
their
4.考查代词。分析句子可知，这里表示“它们的”繁殖期，所以这里应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
5.考查非谓语动词。这里考查learn to do sth“学会做某事”，为固定用法。故填to fly。
解析
to fly
However，the return of the bird，which is 6. second-class national protection，has presented a challenge this year.
under
考查介词。这里考查固定搭配under protection“受到保护”。故填under。
解析
As part of efforts to keep the lakes clean，water plants 7.__________
(remove) from the lakes every year.The annual clearance is a necessity as too many plants on the water’s surface can block sunlight 8. (need) by underwater microorganisms and lead to an imbalance in the ecosystem.
are removed
7.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。这里考查谓语动词，water plants与remove为被动关系，再由every year可知，这里时态应用一般现在时。主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are removed。
8.考查非谓语动词。这里sunlight 与need为被动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用过去分词作后置定语。故填needed。
解析
needed
However，some of the plants due to be removed this year contain jacana 9._____(nest) as the breeding season falls at the same time as the annual clearance of the water plants.
The bird-watching association has reported 10. situation to the Wuhan Forestry and Parks Bureau.
nests
9.考查名词复数。nest为可数名词，由句意可知，这里应用复数形式表示泛指，作宾语。故填nests。
10.考查冠词。分析句子可知，这里特指前面所讲的情况，所以应用定冠词the表特指。故填the。
解析
the
返 回
本课结束Period 4　Using Language
Task 1：Fast reading for the structure of the text.
Ⅰ.Skim the passage to find out the general idea of the text by filling in the chart below.
Ⅱ.Skim the two texts to find out the main idea.
The texts mainly talk about the reasons and risks about sea exploration.
Task 2：Careful reading for the details of the text.
Read the texts carefully and choose the best answer.
Text 1
1．Why does the author mention the Deepwater Horizon
A．To stress the bad effects of plastic.
B．To show it has more gallons of oil.
C．To explain its influence on animals.
D．To prove it has caused serious pollution.
答案　D
2．How does the author support his topic
A．By listing facts.
B．By making comments.
C．By analyzing problems.
D．By making comparisons.
答案　A
3．What is the meaning of “negative cycle” in paragraph 3
A．A damaged item.
B．An incomplete link.
C．An idea that is not positive.
D．One trouble leads to another that worsens the first.
答案　D
4．What’s the author’s attitude to sea exploration
A．Neutral. B．Opposed.
C．Indifferent. D．Supportive.
答案　B
Text 2
5．What is the opinion of the author
A．There are no problems with sea exploration.
B．There are worse side-effects of sea exploration.
C．Advantages of exploring oceans outweigh disadvantages.
D．People manage to balance between risks and economic needs.
答案　C
6．What makes it necessary for us to explore the sea
A．The rising population.
B．The development of technology.
C．The damage caused by earthquakes.
D．The valuable minerals under the sea.
答案　A
7．How does sea exploration help us
A．By logging new creatures.
B．By preventing earthquakes.
C．By discovering limitless resources.
D．By handling climate change thoroughly.
答案　A
Task 3：Translate the following phrases into English.
1．谈论；谈及talk of
2．继续做某事continue to do sth
3．使……流入spill...into
4．这个消极循环this negative cycle
5．残忍地；无情地without mercy
6．为……的所在地be home to
7．对于……重要be important for
8．(某事)发生在某人/某物身上happen to sb/sth
9．采取行动take action
10．提高某人对……的理解improve one’s understanding of
11．大量的amounts of
12．不仅……而且not just...but also
13．环境风险environmental risks
Task 4：Analyse some long and difficult sentences.
1．When people talk of exploring the sea more，they usually mean exploiting it.(P32 Text 1 Para.1)
[结构分析] 此句为复合句，其中when引导时间状语从句。
[汉语翻译] 人们在谈论扩大海洋勘探的时候，通常指的是海洋开发。
2．Plastic pollution is also bad，killing many birds and fish，and has even been found in our tap water.(P32 Text 1 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是简单句，and连接并列的两个谓语，killing many birds and fish是现在分词短语作结果状语。
[汉语翻译] 塑料污染也十分严重，导致许多鸟类和鱼类死亡，甚至在我们的自来水中也发现了塑料污染。
3．Because of climate change，there is less ice now，which means we can look for more fossil fuels further north.(P32 Text 1 Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，主句是there be句型，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句一整句话，we can look for more fossil fuels further north是省略了that的宾语从句，作means的宾语。
[汉语翻译] 由于气候变化，现在冰川减少了，这意味着我们可以在更北的地方寻找更多的化石燃料。
4．To truly understand our planet，we must explore the oceans which cover most of it.(P32 Text 2 Para.1)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，主句是主谓宾结构，to truly understand our planet是不定式短语作目的状语，which引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the oceans。
[汉语翻译] 为了真正了解我们的星球，我们必须探索覆盖其表面大部分的海洋。
5．We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.(P32 Text 2 Para.1)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，what引导宾语从句，作understand的宾语，so that引导目的状语从句。
[汉语翻译] 我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，这样我们才能采取行动。
mixture n．混合；结合体；混合物 [mix vt.配制 vt.& vi.混淆；(使)混合 mixed adj.混合的；混杂的]
[教材原句P28]Reaching out across the sea is often a mixture of danger and boredom.跨越海洋往往是危险和无聊的混合体。
[外研版]Ultimately，the road ahead—the road through our lives—is a mixture of choice and chance.最后，前方的路，也就是我们的人生之路，其实是由选择和机会交织而成的。
·a mixture of...……的混合体 ·mix...with/and...把……与……混合
(1)I have made up my mind to withdraw from this mixed(mix) school because I can’t adapt to the learning atmosphere.
(2)Being a teacher by profession，I don’t think it’s a good idea to mix learning with/and pleasure.
[写作佳句]
(3)(个人成长类读后续写)渐渐地，我很自在地和他讨论这个项目，一种温暖和宽慰的感觉涌上心头。
Gradually I was comfortable to discuss the project with him，a mixture of warmth and relief flooding over me.(独立主格)
mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠(merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽大的 merciless adj.残忍的；无情的)
[教材原句P32]Although this was banned in 1982，some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy.尽管早在1982年就已禁止，但有的国家仍在无情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。
[译林版]A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and winds；likewise，a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour.没有锚的船任凭风浪摆布；同样，没有责任感的人被自己粗心草率的行为所左右。
·show mercy to/have mercy on对……怜悯/宽恕/同情 without mercy残忍地；无情地 at the mercy of...任由……摆布 ·be merciful to/towards对……仁慈
(1)To everyone’s shock，the butcher is actually the merciless(mercy) murderer.In other words，the butcher killed the victim without mercy.
(2)Thanks to the merciful(mercy) lady who ran a bakery，I had money to buy a ticket home.
[写作佳句]
(3)(助人类读后续写)随着经济的衰落，许多失业的人只能任由贫困摆布。仁慈而体贴的Meredith夫人同情他们，主动给他们带去食物和药品。
With the economy in decline，many people who lost their jobs were only at the mercy of poverty.Merciful and thoughtful Mrs Meredith had mercy on/showed mercy to them and offered to bring them food and medicine.
possession n．(usually pl.)个人财产；拥有；控制(possess vt.拥有；具有；支配)
[教材原句P32]The sea is home to life，not human beings’ possessions.海洋是生命的家园，而不是人类的私产。
[外研版]While we are living，we tend to get distracted by unimportant things，such as gathering material possessions.在我们活着的时候，我们往往会被不重要的事物分散注意力，例如积累物质财富。
·in possession of具有，拥有 in the possession of被……拥有，归……所有 take possession of占有，拥有 ·be possessed of具有某种品质(或特征)
(1)The middle-aged man took possession of the laptop company four years ago but later lost all his possessions because of his failure in his business.(possess)
[写作佳句]
(2)(话题写作之景点介绍)每年数不清的游客涌入北京，这里各种各样的旅游景点具有中国古代特色。
Every year numerous visitors pour into Beijing，where various tourist attractions are possessed of ancient Chinese features.
(3)(读后续写之心理描写)一想到这里，一种难耐的羞愧感就笼罩着他。
At this thought，an unbearable sense of shame possessed him.
动名词(短语)作主语
[教材原句P32]Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better.
深入了解海洋也有助于我们更好地管理其资源。
[结构分析]此句为简单句，understanding more about the sea是动名词短语作主语。
动名词(短语)作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词通常用单数形式。动名词(短语)作主语和不定式作主语一样，也可以用it作形式主语，把动名词(短语)置于某些形容词及名词之后。常见的能用于这种结构的形容词和名词有no good，no use，useless等。
(1)犯如此愚蠢的错误使我妈妈暴跳如雷，但是，覆水难收。我应该做的是下次更细心。
Making such a silly mistake made my mother explode with anger.But it is useless/no use/no good crying over spilt milk.What I should do is to be more careful next time.
(2)(读后续写之升华句)传递善意和爱的确使这个世界成为一个更美丽的地方。
Passing kindness and love did make the world a more beautiful place.
(3)(话题写作之学校生活)课间练习太极拳确实对身心都有好处，我们马上开始吧。
Practising tai chi during class breaks does benefit us physically and mentally and let’s start right away.
so...that...引导结果状语从句
[教材原句P34]The son loved his parents so much that he promised not to swim.儿子非常爱他的父母，所以他答应不去游泳。
[结构分析]此句为复合句。so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。
·so...that...句型的基本结构： so＋ ·such...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。该句型的基本结构： such＋ ·当so/such位于句首时，主句用倒装语序。
(1)(读后续写之片段描写)这对双胞胎如此爱他们的妈妈，他们决定给她一个母亲节惊喜。但是烹饪是如此难的任务，最终他们恳求爸爸帮忙。看着美味的早餐，妈妈是如此感动，愉快的泪水从她的脸颊流下来。
The twins loved their mother so much that they decided to give her a Mother’s Day surprise.But cooking was so difficult a task/such a difficult task that they finally pleaded with their father for help.Seeing the delicious breakfast，the mother was so moved that tears of joy rolled down her cheeks.
(2)我取得了如此巨大的进步，我所有的老师都称赞我。
I made such great progress that all my teachers applauded me.
(3)我太激动了，迫不及待地想和我的老师分享这个消息。(倒装句)
So excited was I that I couldn’t wait to share the news with my teacher.
Ⅰ.品句猜词
1．He refused to exploit his father’s name to get himself a better job.vt.利用
2．He was walking in the street when a slogan arrested his attention.vt.吸引
3．He is busy logging what has happened in the past few days in his journal.vt.记录
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1．The coverage of the fascinating getaway in Hainan on TV attracts more tourists.
2．A manned submersible dived into the depths of the sea to find the wreckage of HOPE.
3．I strongly believe that you have the capacity to beat all the opponents(对手) in the tournament.
4.Meanwhile，those present at the press conference applauded(称赞) his speech，which put him in high spirits.
5．He has got to take a handful of capsules(胶囊) on a daily basis，which makes him quite depressed.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Only under your professional(profession) guidance can we manage the barbecue restaurant smoothly.
2．The old lady has been in possession(possess) of the flat located in the suburbs of the city for many years.
3．Hearing that his driving license got suspended，we were overcome with a mixture(mix) of surprise and horror.
4．While overfishing is banned，many people are still “murdering” marine creatures without mercy.
5．Playing(play) golf is what I prefer doing in my routine life，so I sincerely invite you to come with me this weekend.
6．Expensive as/though the laptop was，I still withdrew all my savings from the bank to purchase it.
7．The tale was so moving that we were lost in its plot，unable to utter a word.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
When it comes to exploring the sea more，people usually mean exploiting it.Sea exploration has resulted in many issues and will continue to cause more.The Deepwater Horizon spilled more than 200 million 1.gallons(gallon) of oil into the sea in 2010.Not only is mining for resources fairly 2.destructive(destroy) but overfishing is harmful.While hunting whales and dolphins 3.was banned(ban) in 1982，some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures 4.without mercy.Although 5.being(be) home to life，the sea is not human beings’ possessions.To 6.truly(true) understand our planet，we must explore the oceans.Despite the fact 7.that opponents may be quite worried，exploring oceans is crucial for our future.As a 8.consequence(consequent)，more research is necessary.We must have a deeper understanding about the sea,9.which will help us manage its resources better.Logging new species will enable us 10.to understand(understand) life on the earth better.Because of a growing population all over the world，new resources for future development are needed.Of course，we are supposed to have a balance between environmental risks and economical needs.
作业4
[分值：72.5分]
Ⅰ.短语填空　(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
1．When talking of(谈及) the approaching tournament，all of the team members think they have the capacity to beat the other opponents.
2．The merchant invested amounts of(大量的) money in purchasing raw materials.
3．Being equipped with a good laptop is important for(对于……重要) university students.
4．Something unexpected happened to(发生) the prime minister and fortunately，he kept calm，trying to solve the emergency.
5．It’s high time for us to take action(采取行动) to protect marine creatures from being “murdered” by illegal hunters.
Ⅱ.主题微写作——海洋探索的利与弊(满分15分)
1．随着世界人口的增长，开发海洋变得越来越有必要。(as引导时间状语从句)
As the population of the world increases，it is becoming increasingly necessary to exploit the sea.
2．海洋拥有各种各样的物种，它们可以给我们提供食物或能源。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
The sea possesses various species，which can provide us with food or energy.
3．然而，许多渔民无情地捕捞了如此多的海洋生物以至于它们中的一些处于灭绝的危险之中。(so...that...；without mercy)
However，many fishermen have caught so many marine creatures without mercy that some of them are in danger of dying out.
4．因此，应该警告人们，涉嫌过度捕捞的那些人应该被惩罚或逮捕。(that引导宾语从句；get arrested)
Consequently，people should be warned that those who are involved in overfishing should get punished or arrested.
5．把海洋探索和环境保护结合起来可能是一种完美的解决方法。(动名词短语作主语)
Combining sea exploration and environmental protection may be a wonderful solution.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
From more boiling summers to more frequent floods，warming weather is impacting our lives in every aspect.For animals，however，it’s not just a comfortable living environment in danger，but their very existence.Many animals are in danger of disappearing due to climate change.A study published on March 7 used fossils from sea creatures to find out which animals are facing the highest risk of extinction as our planet’s climate continues to shift.
Carried out by the University of Oxford，the study found that the size of an animal plays a big part in its ability to survive and reproduce.Smaller animals are more likely to become extinct because they tend to use up their energy quickly due to their size.They need lots of food to keep going，so any change that makes food scarce affects them more.Furthermore，small animals usually don’t live as long as larger ones，making them more vulnerable to factors that might reduce their numbers.
Another problem is that small animals generally can’t travel far.So，if their current home is disturbed，or if they face danger，it’s tough for them to find new homes or escape threats，which speed up their extinction，according to the study.
Apart from small animals，those living in extreme heat or cold，such as at the poles，are facing more threats from climate change.These places go through big weather changes，making life even more difficult for species that have already been dealing with tough conditions.As climate change worsens，these extreme environments change rapidly，posing a greater risk for the animals living there.
This study presented us with important information on how to protect wildlife as the world gets warmer.By focusing on the most vulnerable species，conservationists can direct their work more effectively，making the most of limited resources and improving the chances of keeping biodiversity alive despite the environmental challenges.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是一项利用海洋生物化石的研究：随着地球气候的持续变化，哪些动物面临最高的灭绝风险。
1．What does the underlined word “scarce” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Insufficient. B．Available.
C．Unbalanced. D．Abundant.
答案　A
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线单词前的“Smaller animals are more likely to become extinct because they tend to use up their energy quickly due to their size.”可知，体型较小的动物因为体型小往往很快耗尽能量而更有可能灭绝，结合画线单词前的“They need lots of food to keep going”可知，体型较小的动物需要大量的食物维持生存，所以任何造成食物“缺少”的变化都可能影响它们，由此可知，画线单词“scarce”的意思与“缺少”意义相近。故选A。
2．What can be inferred from paragraph 2 and paragraph 3
A．Smaller animals consume their energy at a lower speed.
B．The lifespan of animals is definitely decided by their size.
C．The small size of animals potentially limits their travelling distance.
D．Animals’ habitats destruction makes them difficult to escape threats.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段“Another problem is that small animals generally can’t travel far...according to the study.”可知，体型小的动物不能走远，所以它们的家园面临危险时，它们很难找到新家，这加速了它们的灭绝，由此可知，动物的体型小可能限制了它们的行进距离。故选C。
3．What’s the function of the first sentence in paragraph 4
A．Introducing the topic.
B．Transiting to another point.
C．Echoing the content in paragraph 3.
D．Summarizing the above paragraphs.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。第三段讲述的是体型小的动物会面临着灭绝的危险，而第四段中讲述的是那些生活在极热或极冷环境中的动物面临着气候变化带来的威胁，由此可知，第四段首句起到过渡的作用，从介绍体型小的动物转移到那些生活在极热或极冷环境中的动物。故选B。
4．Which of the following is a suitable measure to protect wildlife
A．Focusing on keeping biodiversity.
B．Carrying out more research work.
C．Reducing the usage of limited resources.
D．Paying more attention to the most endangered species.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据尾段中的“By focusing on the most vulnerable species，conservationists can direct their work more effectively，making the most of limited resources and improving the chances of keeping biodiversity alive despite the environmental challenges.”可知，通过关注最脆弱的物种，人们可以最大限度地利用有限的资源，提高保持生物多样性生存的机会，由此可知，更多地关注最濒危的物种是保护野生动物的合适措施。故选D。
B(此篇精读)
A massive crack through Africa is set to split① the continent into two and form Earth’s sixth ocean，an entirely new sea from Ethiopia to Mozambique，scientists have warned.
The so-called Eastern African Rift(东非大裂谷) formed at least 22 million years ago but has shown activity over the last few decades.Ken Macdonald，a professor，said，“What we do not know is if this rifting will continue on its present pace to eventually open up an ocean basin，like the Red Sea.Or might it speed up At the present rate，a sea about the size of the current Red Sea，might form in about 20－30 million years.”
Eastern African Rift System(EARS) stretches from the Gulf of Aden in the north to Zimbabwe in the south.Researchers believe EARS is growing larger because two tectonic plates are moving away from each other.It likely formed because of heat flowing up from the hotter，weaker，upper part of Earth’s mantle(地幔)．Now，a study found that a massive eruption of super-heated rock coming up from our planet’s core is driving the rifting.
Geophysicist D．Sarah Stamps compared a rifting continent’s different deformation② styles with playing with Silly Putty(黏土玩具)．“If you hit Silly Putty with a hammer，it can actually crack and break，” said Stamps.“But if you slowly pull it apart，the Silly Putty stretches.So on different time scales，Earth’s lithosphere(岩石圈) behaves in different ways.”
The recent crack in 2018 is being debated among the scientific community，as some believe it is showing the separation in real time，while others believe such progression is impossible.One resident named Eliud claimed he saw the crack run through his home.And he could only collect some of his belongings before his house collapsed.Damages were seen on a busy road in Kenya.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了东非大裂谷或将催生地球第六大洋，东非大裂谷活动加剧，科学家探讨数千万年后海洋形成可能性。
5．What is the potential outcome if the rifting continues at its current pace
A．Immediate formation of a large ocean.
B．Rapid formation of new mountain ranges.
C．Complete closure of the Eastern African Rift.
D．Creation of an ocean equivalent to the Red Sea.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At the present rate，a sea about the size of the current Red Sea，might form in about 20－30 million years.(按照目前的速度，大约在2 000万至3 000万年后，可能会形成一个与当前红海大小相当的海洋)”可知，如果裂谷以目前的速度继续下去，可能会创造出一个与当前红海大小相当的海洋。故选D。
6．What contributes to the crack of Eastern African Rift System
A．The stretches of the Gulf of Aden.
B．The eruption of super-heated rock.
C．The crashes of moving tectonic plates.
D．The split of weaker part of Earth’s core.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It likely formed because of heat flowing up...is driving the rifting.”可知，东非大裂谷的破裂是由于地球的核心升起的超高温岩石的大规模喷发。故选B。
7．Why does Sarah mention the Silly Putty in paragraph 4
A．To stress the flexibility of continents more.
B．To better introduce the behaviors of players.
C．To further analyze the formation of continents.
D．To vividly explain how rifting continent changes.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段内容“地球物理学家D.Sarah Stamps将裂谷大陆的不同变形风格与玩黏土玩具进行了比较。Stamps说：‘如果你用锤子击打黏土玩具，它实际上会破裂。’‘但如果你慢慢地把它拉开，黏土玩具就会伸展。因此，在不同的时间尺度上，地球岩石圈的行为方式不同。’”可知，Sarah提到黏土玩具是为了与大陆分裂进行类比，生动地解释大陆的分裂是如何变化的。故选D。
8．What might be the attitude of the scientists toward the real-time rifting
A．Indifferent. B．Negative.
C．Contradictory. D．Optimistic.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The recent crack in 2018 is being debated among the scientific community，as some believe it is showing the separation in real time，while others believe such progression is impossible.(最近2018年的裂缝正在受到科学界的争论，因为一些人认为它实时显示了分离，而另一些人则认为这样的进展是不可能的)”可知，科学家对于实时的裂缝的态度不同，科学家们的态度是相互矛盾的。故选C。
[语境猜词]
①split n．分裂；裂缝 v．使分开(本文为此义)
②deformation n．变形
[句式分析]
What we do not know is if this rifting will continue on its present pace to eventually open up an ocean basin，like the Red Sea.
分析：此句为复合句。what引导主语从句，并在从句中充当宾语；if引导表语从句。
翻译：我们不知道的是，这种裂谷作用是否会以目前的速度持续下去，最终形成像红海那样的海洋盆地。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Does alien life exist It’s a question many people have tried to answer. 1 AI is a type of program that allows a computer to learn from experience and perform tasks that usually require human intelligence.AI works by taking in lots of data，then making predictions based on it.
The research team used their AI method to analyze different materials and determine whether they were biotic(生物性的) or abiotic(非生物性的)． 2
To train the AI program，the researchers gave it data on 134 biotic and abiotic materials.The program then used that knowledge to predict whether things like human hair，bones，teeth，leaves，coal，and chemicals were alive or not. 3
4 “We may be able to find a life form from another planet，” said Robert Hazen of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington，DC.“If we do find signs of life elsewhere，we can tell if life on Earth and other planets derived from a common or different origin.” For now，though，the team is focused on ancient rock samples from Earth to learn more about life on our own planet and where it originated.For example，the tool could be used to settle a disagreement among scientists about 3.5-billion-year-old rocks from Western Australia. 5 However，others think the rocks just have unusual patterns.
The AI could also be used to examine samples from Mars collected by the Perseverance rover.NASA put this wheeled robot on the red planet to search for evidence that Mars has the right conditions to support life.Perseverance is gathering rock samples that will be brought to Earth in 2033.
A．People’s answers are various.
B．Some experts believe AI can’t tell their origin.
C．The researchers said the AI was 90% accurate.
D．The scientists also think the AI tool could detect alien life forms.
E．Some experts believe the rocks contain Earth’s oldest fossil samples.
F．Now scientists have identified a new method for finding alien life using AI.
G．The AI also could tell whether a biotic sample was currently living or a fossil.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新的方法——使用人工智能 AI 来寻找外星生命。
1．答案　F
解析　前文提及外星生命，后文讲述人工智能，所以空处应提及人工智能和外星生命，所以F项“现在，科学家们发现了一种利用人工智能寻找外星生命的新方法”符合文意。故选F。
2．答案　G
解析　根据上文“研究小组利用人工智能方法分析了不同的材料，并确定了它们是生物还是非生物”可知，本段主要讲述人工智能在分析材料的运用，所以G项“人工智能还可以判断生物样本目前是活的还是化石”承接上文，符合本段主题。故选G。
3．答案　C
解析　设空位于段尾，是对上文的总结，根据上文可知，本段讲述研究人员如何训练人工智能程序，让它们具备对生物样本的预测能力，所以C项“研究人员表示，人工智能的准确率为90%”说明训练的结果，符合本段主题。故选C。
4．答案　D
解析　设空位于段首，为本段的中心句，根据下文可知，本段讲述人工智能帮助探测生物，所以D项“科学家们还认为，这种人工智能工具可以探测到外星生物”介绍科学家的观点，引出下文。故选D。
5．答案　E
解析　根据下文“然而，其他人认为这些岩石只是有不寻常的图案”可知，E项“一些专家认为这些岩石含有地球上最古老的化石样本”符合语境，也是讲述有关岩石的研究，与下文内容构成转折，选项中Some experts believe与下文others think相呼应。故选E。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
In recent years，Tanghu Lake in Wuhan，Hubei Province，has become a new breeding(繁殖的) ground for jacana，a rare water bird,1. (follow) local government efforts to improve the ecology of ponds and lakes in the city.
“Ten years ago，jacanas were 2. (hard) seen in Wuhan.With the deepening of ecological environmental protection in recent years，the number of places 3. they can be observed in Wuhan is increasing，” said Yan Jun，president of the Wuhan Bird-Watching Association.
The birds fly to Wuhan in May and 4. (they) breeding period is from June to August.After the baby birds learn 5. (fly) in September they move south.However，the return of the bird，which is 6. second-class national protection，has presented a challenge this year.
As part of efforts to keep the lakes clean，water plants 7. (remove) from the lakes every year.The annual clearance is a necessity as too many plants on the water’s surface can block sunlight 8. (need) by underwater microorganisms and lead to an imbalance in the ecosystem.However，some of the plants due to be removed this year contain jacana 9.__________(nest) as the breeding season falls at the same time as the annual clearance of the water plants.
The bird-watching association has reported 10. situation to the Wuhan Forestry and Parks Bureau.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章讲述近年来，随着当地政府努力改善武汉市池塘和湖泊的生态状况，武汉的汤湖已成为珍禽水雉的新繁殖地。
答案　1.following　2.hardly　3.where　4.their　5.to fly　6.under　7.are removed　8.needed　9.nests　10.the
解析　1.考查非谓语动词。这里考查非谓语，Tanghu Lake in Wuhan与follow为主动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用现在分词作状语。故填following。
2.考查副词。此空应填副词作状语，修饰后面动词。故填hardly。
3.考查定语从句。这里考查定语从句，先行词为places，在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where。故填where。
4.考查代词。分析句子可知，这里表示“它们的”繁殖期，所以这里应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
5.考查非谓语动词。这里考查learn to do sth“学会做某事”，为固定用法。故填to fly。
6.考查介词。这里考查固定搭配under protection“受到保护”。故填under。
7.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。这里考查谓语动词，water plants与remove为被动关系，再由every year可知，这里时态应用一般现在时。主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are removed。
8.考查非谓语动词。这里sunlight 与need为被动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用过去分词作后置定语。故填needed。
9.考查名词复数。nest为可数名词，由句意可知，这里应用复数形式表示泛指，作宾语。故填nests。
10.考查冠词。分析句子可知，这里特指前面所讲的情况，所以应用定冠词the表特指。故填the。

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