资源简介

(共32张PPT)
Period 5
Writing
Sea exploration
Unit 3
内容索引
写作一　应用文写作——辩论性议论文
写作二　读后续写微技能
写作一　应用文写作——辩论性议论文
本单元的写作任务是写辩论性议论文。议论文是通过议论或说理来表达作者的观点的文章。作者对某一问题持有一种看法，为了使读者同意自己的看法，作者提出若干理由，企图说服读者。
常用表达
1.首段常用句式
We had a discussion/debate about whether it was necessary to...
我们就是否有必要……进行了讨论。
We’ve had a survey on...
我们就……做了调查。
I’m writing to tell you about a discussion we have had about...
我写信告诉你我们有关……的讨论。
No one could have failed to notice the fact that...没有人不会注意……这个事实。
As we all know，...众所周知，……
2.中段常用句式
Some people think/believe that...，while others argue/claim that...一些人认为……，而另一些人认为……
It plays an important role/part in...它在……中发挥重要作用。
With the development of society and economy，pollution is becoming more and more serious.随着社会和经济的发展，污染正变得越来越严重。
3.尾段常用句式
It is necessary that steps should be taken to...采取措施……是有必要的。
There is no easy method，but...might be of some help.
没有简单的解决方法，但……或许有些帮助。
To solve the above-mentioned problem，we must...
要解决上面提到的问题，我们必须……
In summary，if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue，more problems will crop up.
总之，如果我们继续忽视上面提到的问题，更多的问题会出现。
假设你是李华，最近你班就“人类是否应该进行海洋探索”展开了讨论。请你根据讨论结果，写一封信给某英文报社的编辑来报道此事。
典例演练
赞成的理由 反对的理由 你的看法
1.获取更多的海底资源； 2.提高对地球上生命的理解。 1.造成海洋污染，导致海洋生物死亡； 2.破坏生态系统。 ……
第一步　审题谋篇
______________________
_______________________
_____________________________
_______________________
_________
___________
_______
第二步　遣词造句
核心词汇　(单元写作词汇运用)
1.探索/开发海洋
2.支持
3.反对
4.食物和能量的来源
5.反对者
6.毁坏
7.杀害
explore/exploit the oceans
in favour of/be for/support
be against/object to/be opposed to
sources of food and energy
opponent
destroy/ruin
murder
_____________
______
8.残忍地；无情地
9.海生的；海的
without mercy
marine
连词成句　(教材句式仿写)
1.人们应该广泛探索海洋吗？
extensively
2.昨天，我们班对此进行了激烈的讨论。
Our class yesterday.
3.由于海洋探索使得发现新的食物和能量来源成为可能，并提高我们对地球上生命的理解，一些人支持海洋探索。
discover new sources of food and energy and improves our understanding of life on the earth，______
________________.
Should people explore the oceans
had a heated discussion about it
As sea exploration makes it possible to
some
are in favour of it
4.海洋探索的反对者认为这可能会导致太多的污染以至于会破坏海底的生态系统。
_______________________________________________________________
_____________ it can destroy the undersea ecosystem.
5.如此多的海洋动物已被残忍地杀害，海洋物种的多样性正在被破坏。
So many marine animals and the diversity of sea species is being destroyed.
6.在我看来，平衡环境风险和经济需求可以保证和谐的海洋探索。
Personally， can guarantee harmonious sea exploration.
Opponents of sea exploration think that it may bring about so much pollution that
have been murdered without mercy
balancing environmental risks with economic needs
第三步　句式升级
1.请把句1和句2合成whether引导的宾语从句。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.请用with的复合结构改写句5。
，the diversity of sea species is being destroyed.
Yesterday our class had a heated discussion about whether people should explore the oceans extensively.
With so many marine animals murdered without mercy
第四步　组句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80个词左右的英语短文。
参考范文
Dear Editor，
Yesterday our class had a heated discussion about whether people should explore the oceans extensively.
As sea exploration makes it possible to discover new sources of food and energy and improves our understanding of life on the earth，some are in favour of it.However，opponents of sea exploration think that it may bring about so much pollution that it can destroy the undersea ecosystem.Meanwhile，they argue that with so many marine animals murdered without mercy，the diversity of sea species is being destroyed.
Personally，balancing environmental risks with economic needs can guarantee harmonious sea exploration.
Yours，
Li Hua
假如你是李华，学校即将举行以“Is it necessary for humans to explore oceans？”为题目的英语作文比赛，请按照下列要求写一篇议论文。要点如下：
1.使海洋可持续发展；
2.了解海洋环境；
3.更好地了解气候。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
达标检测
参考范文
Is it necessary for humans to explore oceans
I am in favor of the opinion that it is quite essential for human beings to explore oceans.
Firstly，it can establish the basic information needed to better understand environmental changes，helping scientists to handle current situations and predict the future cases that may emerge.Additionally，it can widen our view on what are available in oceans，how the life forms live as well as figure out how humans take advantage of the deep-sea resources.Last but not least，it enables us to track the climate changes that happen to oceans and what might affect our life.
All in all，humans will definitely benefit from ocean exploration.
返 回
写作二　读后续写微技能
Ⅰ.增分语料积累
句子综合训练——句型转换1
高中英语读后续写中的句型转换是提升续写语言丰富度和表达准确性的关键技巧，尤其适用于将简单句升级为复杂句、调整句式结构等，以实现语言优化，例如可以运用分词作状语让人物的动作与情感“流动”起来，运用with的复合结构和独立主格为场景描写注入“多维细节”。
1.我浑身兴奋，我的心像鼓一样在胸膛里跳动。
The excitement filled every part of me and my heart pounded in my chest like a drum.
→The excitement filled every part of me，making my heart pound in my chest like a drum.(用分词作状语转换)
2.我感激之情溢于言表，我给了他一个大大的拥抱来表达我衷心的感谢。
I was overwhelmed by gratitude and I gave him a big hug to express my heartfelt thanks.
→Overwhelmed by gratitude，I gave him a big hug to express my heartfelt thanks.(用分词作状语转换)
3.双胞胎偷偷地对父亲笑了笑。一种爱的感觉充满了整个房间。
The twins smiled at their father secretly.A feeling of love filled the whole room.
→The twins smiled at their father secretly，with a feeling of love filling the whole room.(用with的复合结构转换)
→The twins smiled at their father secretly，a feeling of love filling the whole room.(用独立主格转换)
4.女孩热情地笑了。她扶老人站起来。她的善良比午后的阳光还要明媚。
The girl smiled warmly.She helped the old man to his feet.Her kindness shone brighter than the afternoon sun.
→Smiling warmly，the girl helped the old man to his feet，with her kindness shining brighter than the afternoon sun.(用分词作状语；with的复合结构转换)
5.我们被眼前的景色惊呆了，我们站在悬崖上。我们的心兴奋得怦怦直跳。
We were amazed by the view and we stood on the cliff.Our hearts pounded with excitement.
→Amazed by the view，we stood on the cliff，our hearts pounding with excitement.(用分词作状语；独立主格转换)
[即时演练]　按照要求转换句子
1.When I caught sight of the house，I felt a sense of relief and relaxation surging through me.
→ ，I felt a sense of relief and relaxation surging through me.(用分词作状语转换)
→I caught sight of the house，____________________________________
__________________.(用with的复合结构转换)
→I caught sight of the house，____________________________________
___________.(用独立主格转换)
When catching/Catching sight of the house
with a sense of relief and relaxation
surging through me
a sense of relief and relaxation surging
through me
2.The teen saw the old man sprawling on the icy path.He rushed over.His red scarf fluttered in the freezing cold winter.
→ ，the teen rushed over，
.(用分词作状语；with的复合结构转换)
3.David was encouraged by my words.He looked at me with shining eyes.His bright smile was on his lovely face.
→ ，David looked at me with shining eyes，_____________________________.(用分词作状语；独立主格转换)
Seeing the old man sprawling on the icy path
with his red scarf fluttering in the freezing cold winter
Encouraged by my words
his bright smile on his lovely face
Ⅱ.教材语料积累
词汇 情感描写 mercy n.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠
opponent n.反对者；对手；竞争者→oppose vt.反对；抵制→opposed adj.强烈反对；截然不同
动作描写 extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长；提供　withdraw vi.& vt.(使)撤回；撤离
bond n.纽带；关系 vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合
applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏　exploit vt.开发；利用；剥削
possession n.拥有；控制→possess vt.控制；使掌握；具有；拥有
arrest vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止；吸引(注意)
句型 1.The crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important ocean research work.(动作描写)
2.We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.(心理描写)
续写语料运用
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段，然后核对答案并背诵该语段。
昨天我们对所有新生表示热烈的欢迎。学校利用这次机会告知他们校规：所有学生应该彼此建立和谐的关系；我们强烈反对恶性竞争；
1. all the freshmen yesterday. The school 2. to inform them of school rules：All the students 3. ；we 4. ；
We extended a very warm welcome to
exploited the chance
should build harmonious bonds with each other
are strongly opposed to evil competition
我们应该拥有同情心，怜悯处于困境的学生，乐意伸出援手；我们的善意和勤奋会被高度赞扬。总之，新学校的一切吸引了新生的注意力。嘴角洋溢着自信的微笑，他们似乎已经看到美好的未来正在向他们招手。
we should 5.____________________________________________________
____________________________；our kindness and hard work 6.______
__________________.All in all，everything in the new school 7._________
______________________.With confident smiles coming out of the corners of their mouths，they seemed to have seen a bright future waving at them.
返 回
possess sympathy，have mercy on those in trouble and willingly extend a helping hand
would
be applauded greatly
arrested
the freshmen’s attention
本课结束Period 5　Writing
写作一　应用文写作——辩论性议论文
本单元的写作任务是写辩论性议论文。议论文是通过议论或说理来表达作者的观点的文章。作者对某一问题持有一种看法，为了使读者同意自己的看法，作者提出若干理由，企图说服读者。
1．首段常用句式
We had a discussion/debate about whether it was necessary to...
我们就是否有必要……进行了讨论。
We’ve had a survey on...
我们就……做了调查。
I’m writing to tell you about a discussion we have had about...
我写信告诉你我们有关……的讨论。
No one could have failed to notice the fact that...没有人不会注意……这个事实。
As we all know，...众所周知，……
2．中段常用句式
Some people think/believe that...，while others argue/claim that...一些人认为……，而另一些人认为……
It plays an important role/part in...它在……中发挥重要作用。
With the development of society and economy，pollution is becoming more and more serious.随着社会和经济的发展，污染正变得越来越严重。
3．尾段常用句式
It is necessary that steps should be taken to...采取措施……是有必要的。
There is no easy method，but...might be of some help.
没有简单的解决方法，但……或许有些帮助。
To solve the above-mentioned problem，we must...
要解决上面提到的问题，我们必须……
In summary，if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue，more problems will crop up.
总之，如果我们继续忽视上面提到的问题，更多的问题会出现。
假设你是李华，最近你班就“人类是否应该进行海洋探索”展开了讨论。请你根据讨论结果，写一封信给某英文报社的编辑来报道此事。
赞成的理由 反对的理由 你的看法
1.获取更多的海底资源； 2.提高对地球上生命的理解。 1.造成海洋污染，导致海洋生物死亡； 2.破坏生态系统。 ……
第一步　审题谋篇
第二步　遣词造句
核心词汇　(单元写作词汇运用)
1．探索/开发海洋explore/exploit the oceans
2．支持in favour of/be for/support
3．反对be against/object to/be opposed to
4．食物和能量的来源sources of food and energy
5．反对者opponent
6．毁坏destroy/ruin
7．杀害murder
8．残忍地；无情地without mercy
9．海生的；海的marine
连词成句　(教材句式仿写)
1．人们应该广泛探索海洋吗？
Should people explore the oceans extensively
2．昨天，我们班对此进行了激烈的讨论。
Our class had a heated discussion about it yesterday.
3．由于海洋探索使得发现新的食物和能量来源成为可能，并提高我们对地球上生命的理解，一些人支持海洋探索。
As sea exploration makes it possible to discover new sources of food and energy and improves our understanding of life on the earth，some are in favour of it.
4．海洋探索的反对者认为这可能会导致太多的污染以至于会破坏海底的生态系统。
Opponents of sea exploration think that it may bring about so much pollution that it can destroy the undersea ecosystem.
5．如此多的海洋动物已被残忍地杀害，海洋物种的多样性正在被破坏。
So many marine animals have been murdered without mercy and the diversity of sea species is being destroyed.
6．在我看来，平衡环境风险和经济需求可以保证和谐的海洋探索。
Personally，balancing environmental risks with economic needs can guarantee harmonious sea exploration.
第三步　句式升级
1．请把句1和句2合成whether引导的宾语从句。
Yesterday our class had a heated discussion about whether people should explore the oceans extensively.
2．请用with的复合结构改写句5。
With so many marine animals murdered without mercy，the diversity of sea species is being destroyed.
第四步　组句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80个词左右的英语短文。
参考范文
Dear Editor，
Yesterday our class had a heated discussion about whether people should explore the oceans extensively.
As sea exploration makes it possible to discover new sources of food and energy and improves our understanding of life on the earth，some are in favour of it.However，opponents of sea exploration think that it may bring about so much pollution that it can destroy the undersea ecosystem.Meanwhile，they argue that with so many marine animals murdered without mercy，the diversity of sea species is being destroyed.
Personally，balancing environmental risks with economic needs can guarantee harmonious sea exploration.
Yours，
Li Hua
假如你是李华，学校即将举行以“Is it necessary for humans to explore oceans？”为题目的英语作文比赛，请按照下列要求写一篇议论文。要点如下：
1．使海洋可持续发展；
2．了解海洋环境；
3．更好地了解气候。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
参考范文
Is it necessary for humans to explore oceans
I am in favor of the opinion that it is quite essential for human beings to explore oceans.
Firstly，it can establish the basic information needed to better understand environmental changes，helping scientists to handle current situations and predict the future cases that may emerge.Additionally，it can widen our view on what are available in oceans，how the life forms live as well as figure out how humans take advantage of the deep-sea resources.Last but not least，it enables us to track the climate changes that happen to oceans and what might affect our life.
All in all，humans will definitely benefit from ocean exploration.
写作二　读后续写微技能
Ⅰ.增分语料积累
句子综合训练——句型转换1
高中英语读后续写中的句型转换是提升续写语言丰富度和表达准确性的关键技巧，尤其适用于将简单句升级为复杂句、调整句式结构等，以实现语言优化，例如可以运用分词作状语让人物的动作与情感“流动”起来，运用with的复合结构和独立主格为场景描写注入“多维细节”。
1．我浑身兴奋，我的心像鼓一样在胸膛里跳动。
The excitement filled every part of me and my heart pounded in my chest like a drum.
→The excitement filled every part of me，making my heart pound in my chest like a drum.(用分词作状语转换)
2．我感激之情溢于言表，我给了他一个大大的拥抱来表达我衷心的感谢。
I was overwhelmed by gratitude and I gave him a big hug to express my heartfelt thanks.
→Overwhelmed by gratitude，I gave him a big hug to express my heartfelt thanks.(用分词作状语转换)
3．双胞胎偷偷地对父亲笑了笑。一种爱的感觉充满了整个房间。
The twins smiled at their father secretly.A feeling of love filled the whole room.
→The twins smiled at their father secretly，with a feeling of love filling the whole room.(用with的复合结构转换)
→The twins smiled at their father secretly，a feeling of love filling the whole room.(用独立主格转换)
4．女孩热情地笑了。她扶老人站起来。她的善良比午后的阳光还要明媚。
The girl smiled warmly.She helped the old man to his feet.Her kindness shone brighter than the afternoon sun.
→Smiling warmly，the girl helped the old man to his feet，with her kindness shining brighter than the afternoon sun.(用分词作状语；with的复合结构转换)
5．我们被眼前的景色惊呆了，我们站在悬崖上。我们的心兴奋得怦怦直跳。
We were amazed by the view and we stood on the cliff.Our hearts pounded with excitement.
→Amazed by the view，we stood on the cliff，our hearts pounding with excitement.(用分词作状语；独立主格转换)
[即时演练]　按照要求转换句子
1．When I caught sight of the house，I felt a sense of relief and relaxation surging through me.
→When catching/Catching sight of the house，I felt a sense of relief and relaxation surging through me.(用分词作状语转换)
→I caught sight of the house，with a sense of relief and relaxation surging through me.(用with的复合结构转换)
→I caught sight of the house，a sense of relief and relaxation surging through me.(用独立主格转换)
2．The teen saw the old man sprawling on the icy path.He rushed over.His red scarf fluttered in the freezing cold winter.
→Seeing the old man sprawling on the icy path，the teen rushed over，with his red scarf fluttering in the freezing cold winter.(用分词作状语；with的复合结构转换)
3．David was encouraged by my words.He looked at me with shining eyes.His bright smile was on his lovely face.
→Encouraged by my words，David looked at me with shining eyes，his bright smile on his lovely face.(用分词作状语；独立主格转换)
Ⅱ.教材语料积累
词汇 情感描写 mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠 opponent n．反对者；对手；竞争者→oppose vt.反对；抵制→opposed adj.强烈反对；截然不同
动作描写 extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长；提供　withdraw vi.& vt.(使)撤回；撤离 bond n．纽带；关系 vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合 applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏　exploit vt.开发；利用；剥削 possession n．拥有；控制→possess vt.控制；使掌握；具有；拥有 arrest vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止；吸引(注意)
句型 1.The crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important ocean research work.(动作描写) 2.We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.(心理描写)
续写语料运用
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段，然后核对答案并背诵该语段。
昨天我们对所有新生表示热烈的欢迎。学校利用这次机会告知他们校规：所有学生应该彼此建立和谐的关系；我们强烈反对恶性竞争；我们应该拥有同情心，怜悯处于困境的学生，乐意伸出援手；我们的善意和勤奋会被高度赞扬。总之，新学校的一切吸引了新生的注意力。嘴角洋溢着自信的微笑，他们似乎已经看到美好的未来正在向他们招手。
1．We extended a very warm welcome to all the freshmen yesterday.The school 2.exploited the chance to inform them of school rules：All the students 3.should build harmonious bonds with each other；we 4.are strongly opposed to evil competition；we should 5.possess sympathy，have mercy on those in trouble and willingly extend a helping hand；our kindness and hard work 6.would be applauded greatly.All in all，everything in the new school 7.arrested the freshmen’s attention.With confident smiles coming out of the corners of their mouths，they seemed to have seen a bright future waving at them.

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