资源简介

(共70张PPT)
Period 3
Sports culture
Unit 2
Grammar and usage—Passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses
内容索引
情境导读
语法精讲
作业3
达标检测
情境导读
阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并完成下面的练习
The whole city soon learnt that a large sum of money ①had been lost.Tom White，a local businessman，had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office.Tom was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the citizens，but it was not returned to him.Three months passed，and then one morning，when his breakfast ②was being prepared，Tom heard someone knocking on his door.After opening the door，he found that his wallet ③had been placed outside his front door.
It ④had been wrapped up in a newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost，along with a note saying，“A thief，yes，but only 50% a thief！” Two months later，some more money was sent to Tom with another note: “Only 25% a thief now！” Finally，all Tom’s money was returned in this funny way.The last note said：“I am 100 percent honest now.”
1.加颜色部分①③④使用了 时态的 语态，表示在过去某一时间 (之前/之后)已经被完成的动作，其结构是： 。
2.加颜色部分②使用了 时态的 语态，表示过去某一特定时间某事 ，其结构是： 。
过去完成
被动
之前
返 回
had been done
过去进行
被动
正在被做
was/were being done
语法精讲
一、基本结构
过去完成时的被动语态：had been done
过去进行时的被动语态：was/were being done
二、过去完成时的被动语态的基本用法
1.当by，before，when，by the time，until等引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，以及by，before等后接过去的时间时，主句的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前，且表被动时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
By the time Tom，an amateur，got to the golf club，the first period had been finished.
当业余运动员汤姆到达高尔夫俱乐部时，第一阶段已经结束了。
Had the new conclusion been discussed before the meeting started？这个新结论在会议开始前被讨论过吗？
2.用在told，said，knew，heard，thought，wondered等动词后的宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被完成。
The boy was told that his politics paper had not been handed in.
这个男孩被告知他还没有交政治试卷。
The journalist reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake of this area.
记者报道有1 000多人在这个地区的地震中丧生。
3.在It was the first/second/...time that...句型中，that从句的主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
It was the second time that his food and towel had been stolen.
这是第二次他的食物和毛巾被偷了。
4.在虚拟语气中，条件句表示与过去的事实相反，且主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
If I had been asked earlier，I would have helped him objectively analyze the problem.
如果他早点问我，我会帮助他客观地分析问题。
5.根据语意可以判断出过去发生动作先后的被动语态，先发生的被动动作用过去完成时的被动语态。
As the assignment had been done，he switched on the TV and lay on the sofa，very relaxed.
因为任务已经完成了，他打开电视并躺在沙发上，非常放松。
三、过去进行时的被动语态的基本用法
1.表示过去某个时间点正在进行的被动动作，经常和时间副词then，at this time last week，at this moment yesterday 等连用。
This issue was being discussed at this moment yesterday by the people present at the meeting.
昨天这个时候这个议题正在被出席会议的人讨论。
2.表示过去某个阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时动作不一定正在进行)。
It is said that his teapot was being repaired in the shop last week.
据说他的茶壶上周正在店里维修。
3.过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：过去进行时的被动语态强调动作发生的过程，一般过去时的被动语态强调动作的结果。
Several patients were being treated in the local hospital then.(表示被动的动作正在进行或持续)
当时有几个病人正在当地医院接受治疗。
Several patients were treated in the local hospital then.(表示过去发生了的动作)
当时有几个病人在当地医院接受了治疗。
返 回
达标检测
1.It was the third time that the book (revise) for publication.
2.Dozens of trees (plant) from Monday to Friday last week by us.
3.All the necessary items (send) to the flood-hit area by the end of last week.
4.In the past few years thousands of films (produce) all over the world.
had been revised
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
were being planted
had been sent
have been produced
5.The tiger (feed) some nice meat by a bunch of visitors at this time yesterday.
6.She said that no one would use the technology until it _______________
(demonstrate).
7.I remember well that the witness (question) by a policeman at that time.
was being fed
had been
was being questioned
demonstrated
8.They were living with their parents at the time because their own house ________________(rebuild).
9.After a day’s work，I went to the restaurant near my company to have dinner，only to be told that it (decorate).
10.Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children.And，as more children were born，more food (need).
was being rebuilt
was being decorated
was needed
Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用本单元语法
After parking his car，John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence went to the supermarket for shopping.Having stayed in the supermarket for about half an hour，John realized that his car window 1. ________________(not roll) down.What was even worse was that his wallet 2. (place) on the front seat.In the meanwhile，he didn’t know that his wallet 3. (attend) to by a homeless man then，who had been standing in the rain waiting for the owner to return.
hadn’t been rolled
had been placed
was being attended
They were astonished to find two policemen standing next to his car when they came back.The two policemen told them everything.They made a decision to help the homeless man and by the time they got home the act of kindness 4. (post) on the social media，which went viral.Job offers and all sorts of help 5. (offer) to the homeless man until yesterday.
had been posted
had been offered
返 回
作业3
1.It was the second time that the idiom (use) in his article.
2.By the time I arrived at the restaurant，the dinner ___________ _______(finish).
3.If I (not injure)，I would have participated in the marathon.
4.Before he went into the chocolate factory，the light ___________ ________(switch) off.
5.What you didn’t know was that he (interview) by our headmaster at that time.
had been used
had been
finished
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
hadn’t been injured
had been
switched
was being interviewed
6.When we came into the factory，our water pump __________ ________(repair) by an experienced worker.
7.A Sichuan restaurant (recommend) to us by a friend，and finally，we found it.
8.Finding that I (chase) by a fierce wolf，I was frightened to death，my legs trembling uncontrollably.
was being
repaired
had been recommended
was being chased
9.The reason why I didn’t bring it here yesterday was that my tablet ____ _____________(check) by my elderly neighbor then.
10.Prior to coming to China，my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America，with Chinese food that (change) to suit American tastes.
was
being checked
had been changed
1.伯纳德感谢他们为他所做的一切。
Bernard felt grateful to all of them for .
2.今天早晨爸爸不得不骑自行车去上班，因为他的汽车正在被维修。
Dad had to cycle to work this morning .
3.到去年年底，两万辆汽车已经被生产了出来。
By the end of last year,20,000 cars .
Ⅱ.完成句子
what had been done for him
because his car was being repaired
had been produced
4.在被问到事故发生的原因时，负责人表示正在调查中。
When asked about the cause of the accident，the man in charge said it ____________________.
5.我没有参加今天的晨会，因为没人告诉我这件事情。
I didn’t attend the meeting this morning，for I nothing about that.
was being investigated
had been told
A
(2025·广西百色高二上期末)
Attention! We need to put a stop to parents doing harm to youth sports.It has gotten out of hand.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了许多美国儿童到13岁时停止校外体育活动，这是因为家长缺乏体育精神、过度干预孩子，作者呼吁家长应该约束自己的行为、尊重体育。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
A recent study showed 26 million American children took part in non-school sports.By the age of 13，about 18.2 million quit.
No wonder kids are quitting.Many parents show no sportsmanship.They often shout happily at an injury if the injured player is on the other team.My brother Mario Widdowson got hit in the face during a soccer game.The parents from the other team were shouting gladly at his pain.All of the players were down on one knee waiting for Mario to get up，out of respect and it was the right thing to do.The kids did much better than these parents.
There are different types of parents.In the book Parenting with Love and Logic the authors describe two different types of parents.The first is helicopter parents，who don’t allow their kid to succeed or fail on their own.The other type is lawnmower parents，who clear anything in their child’s path to make life as easy as possible.
I have observed helicopter parents.When my brother was playing club soccer，the parents of one of his teammates shouted at their son，“Shoot the ball！” It was from about half field.He did it and the coach stopped him from playing and asked him to leave the field.
The parents are trying to coach their kids.The players on the field follow blindly and many mistakes happen.It’s not good for kids’ confidence.What is the purpose of youth sports anyway
Problems happen in youth sports all over the United States.Parents need to behave themselves.Then the number of students who quit at the age of 13 will drop greatly.
1.What does the author want to show by using numbers in paragraph 2
A.American kids are sports lovers.
B.Parents can’t behave themselves.
C.Most kids give up sports halfway.
D.Non-school sports are popular among teens.
√
推理判断题。根据第二段“A recent study showed 26 million American children took part in non-school sports.By the age of 13，about 18.2 million quit.”可推知，作者想通过这些数字来说明大多数孩子参加体育活动后半途而废。故选C。
解析
2.What did some parents do when Mario got injured
A.They lent a helping hand.
B.They cheered at his injury.
C.They waited for him to get up.
D.They kept shouting at their kids.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中“My brother Mario Widdowson got hit in the face during a soccer game.The parents from the other team were shouting gladly at his pain.”可知，当Mario受伤时，一些父母为他的受伤而欢呼。故选B。
解析
3.Why was the boy asked to leave the field
A.He made a mistake.
B.He missed his goal.
C.He turned to the coach again.
D.He didn’t want to go on with the sport.
√
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“When my brother was playing club soccer，the parents of one of his teammates shouted at their son，‘Shoot the ball！’It was from about half field.He did it and the coach stopped him from playing and asked him to leave the field.”和倒数第二段中“The parents are trying to coach their kids.The players on the field follow blindly and many mistakes happen.”可知，男孩被要求离开球场是因为他听从父母的呼喊射门，犯了一个错误，故选A。
解析
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Parents Should Respect Sports
B.Non-school Sports Is Popular
C.Encouragement Is Important for Kids
D.Kids Need to Love Sports
√
标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“Attention! We need to put a stop to parents doing harm to youth sports.It has gotten out of hand.”，第三段中“Many parents show no sportsmanship.”和最后一段中“Parents need to behave themselves.”可知，文章主要说明了许多美国儿童到13岁时停止了校外体育活动，这是因为家长缺乏体育精神、过度干预孩子，作者呼吁家长应该约束自己的行为、尊重体育，选项A“家长应该尊重体育”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选A。
解析
B(此篇精读)
(2025·山西长治高二上期末)
This must be universally acknowledged: Exercise is good for your body.The question of how much exercise is best，though，is open to debate.The answer often depends on your goals.For heart health，sessions four to five times weekly might be ideal.For mental health As The Independent reports，scientists believe there’s a pretty specific prescription(处方): Exercising for 45 minutes three to five times a week.
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于锻炼量与心理健康益处的关系的研究。
The data comes from a new and expansive observational study published in The Lancet Psychiatry and conducted by researchers at Yale and the University of Oxford.The study examined 1.2 million subjects who filled out the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey at two-year intervals(间隔) between 2011 and 2015.Subjects who didn’t exercise at all had an average of three-and-a-half days per month when they felt mentally unwell—stressed，depressed，or otherwise burdened by emotional problems—while those who exercised regularly reported an average of just two days.
The study found that having three to five 45-minute sessions a week was best for reducing the reported instances of feeling stressed or depressed.Exercising for longer periods—some subjects reported over 90 minutes in the gym—was associated with a drop-off in mental health benefits.Subjects who spent three hours at a time exercising actually reported an increase in depressive symptoms(症状).
Researchers also found that the kind of exercise undertaken made a difference.While all varieties helped，people who participated in team sports promoting social interaction and gym classes like cycling described greater self-satisfaction with mental health.
Because the study involved self-reported outcomes and exercise wasn’t monitored，it’s possible that the participants could have misinterpreted the volume of exercise performed.The study，however，makes a convincing case for a popular notion: If exercise were a pill，doctors everywhere would be prescribing it.
5.What decides the ideal amount of exercise for an individual according to the text
A.His exercise routine.
B.His physical condition.
C.What sports he prefers.
D.What he expects to improve.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The question of how much exercise is best，though，is open to debate.The answer often depends on your goals.”可知，理想的锻炼量取决于个人的目标。故选D。
解析
6.How did the subjects participate in the study
A.By filling out a survey.
B.By attending gym classes.
C.By interviewing researchers.
D.By reading about health benefits.
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study examined 1.2 million subjects who filled out the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey at two-year intervals(间隔) between 2011 and 2015.”可知，受试者通过填写行为风险因素检测调查来参加研究。故选A。
解析
√
7.What effect was demonstrated by exercising for over 90 minutes
A.No change in mental health.
B.Improved mental health benefits.
C.A decline in mental health benefits.
D.Increased physical health benefits.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Exercising for longer periods—some subjects reported over 90 minutes in the gym—was associated with a drop-off in mental health benefits.”可知，锻炼超过90分钟，心理健康的益处可能会下降。故选C。
解析
8.What limitation of the study was mentioned in the text
A.Reporting process wasn’t monitored.
B.Only one type of exercise was studied.
C.The study did not include any real subjects.
D.Subjects could have misreported exercise amounts.
√
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Because the study involved self-reported outcomes and exercise wasn’t monitored，it’s possible that the participants could have misinterpreted the volume of exercise performed.”可知，由于锻炼没有受到监测，参与者可能错误报告了运动量。故选D。
解析
1.expansive adj.广阔的；广泛的；全面的
2.subject n.主题；科目 n.实验对象(文义)
3.be associated with与……有关
4.drop off n.下降
5.participate in参加；参与
6.misinterpret v.误解；误释
词汇积累
Subjects who didn’t exercise at all had an average of three and a half days per month when they felt mentally unwell—stressed，depressed，or otherwise burdened by emotional problems—while those who exercised regularly reported an average of just two days.
分析：此句为while连接的并列句。前面的分句中含有一个who引导的定语从句和一个when引导的定语从句；后面的分句中含有一个who引导的定语从句。
翻译：那些根本不运动的人平均每月有三天半的时间感到精神不适——压力大、抑郁或忍受其他情绪问题——而那些经常运动的人平均只有两天(有同样的感受)。
句式分析
(2025·福建莆田高二上期末)
Walking has been considered as one kind of rewarding exercise.For many people，daily walking offers massive and long-term physical and mental benefits.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了散步不仅对身心健康有好处，还有助于激发创造力。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读
1 A Stanford University study found that participants were more creative when walking as opposed to sitting.
A.Unfortunately，you often fail to do it.
B.Expose yourself more to your surroundings.
C.The movement during walking is obviously key.
D.Without enough energy，you cannot wonder or create.
E.But to receive the benefits，you do not have to live in a forest.
F.This habit，however，not only benefits well-being but also contributes
to innovation.
G.Wandering around a park and observing people relaxing or birds
singing is also a choice.
√
根据上文“For many people，daily walking offers massive and long-term physical and mental benefits.”和下文“A Stanford University study found that participants were more creative when walking as opposed to sitting.”可知，散步不仅对身心健康有好处，还有助于激发创造力。F项(然而，这种习惯不仅有益于健康，而且有助于创新。)承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
解析
2 You’ve probably heard the phrase “exercise your creativity”.
A.Unfortunately，you often fail to do it.
B.Expose yourself more to your surroundings.
C.The movement during walking is obviously key.
D.Without enough energy，you cannot wonder or create.
E.But to receive the benefits，you do not have to live in a forest.
F.This habit，however，not only benefits well-being but also contributes
to innovation.
G.Wandering around a park and observing people relaxing or birds
singing is also a choice.
√
根据下文“Our creative mindset is stirred by physical movement，which is exactly why walking with your dog，a friend，or alone feeds creative thinking.”可知，散步时的身体运动激发创造性思维。C项(散步时的运动显然是关键。)引起下文，符合语境。故选C。
解析
Our creative mindset is stirred up by physical movement，which is exactly why walking with your dog，a friend，or alone feeds creative thinking.
But the scenery is almost as important as the sweat.Just by going outside，you are stepping out of your habitual surroundings and your comfort zone，which is necessary if you want to open your mind to new possibilities.You can walk through a tree-filled neighborhood.
3 Even when you walk down a busy street，you can’t help but get distracted by the sweet smells from a food cart or the child pointing to a building you haven’t even noticed before.
A.Unfortunately，you often fail to do it.
B.Expose yourself more to your surroundings.
C.The movement during walking is obviously key.
D.Without enough energy，you cannot wonder or create.
E.But to receive the benefits，you do not have to live in a forest.
F.This habit，however，not only benefits well-being but also contributes
to innovation.
G.Wandering around a park and observing people relaxing or birds
singing is also a choice.
√
根据上文“You can walk through a tree-filled neighborhood.”和下文“Even when you walk down a busy street...”可知，空处和上下文一起提供了具体的户外活动场景选择。G项(在公园里闲逛，观察人们放松或鸟儿唱歌也是一个选择。)符合语境。故选G。
解析
Walking outside develops our ability to collect new ideas and take in new sights，sounds，smells，and flavors.Shinrin-yoku，a common form of relaxation in Japan，suggests that being in the forest and walking among the trees there can lower your stress levels.
4 Research has shown that getting close to nature around your neighborhood or taking a break from multimedia increases performance on a creative problem-solving task.
A.Unfortunately，you often fail to do it.
B.Expose yourself more to your surroundings.
C.The movement during walking is obviously key.
D.Without enough energy，you cannot wonder or create.
E.But to receive the benefits，you do not have to live in a forest.
F.This habit，however，not only benefits well-being but also contributes
to innovation.
G.Wandering around a park and observing people relaxing or birds
singing is also a choice.
√
根据上文“Shinrin-yoku，a common form of relaxation in Japan，suggests that being in the forest and walking among the trees there can lower your stress levels.”和下文“Research has shown that getting close to nature around your neighborhood or taking a break from multimedia increases performance on a creative problem-solving task.”可知，在社区亲近自然或远离多媒体也能像在森林里那样得到这些好处。E项(但是要得到这些好处，你不一定要住在森林里。)与上文内容构成转折，符合语境。故选E。
解析
So instead of setting a fitness goal，why not set a creativity goal that starts with walking outdoors？
5 For example，you can turn off your phone and give yourself the chance to be present in the world，to hear conversations and natural sounds，and to notice the way people move and the way the sun reflects in a lake.
Walk not just for exercise.Walk for wonder.
A.Unfortunately，you often fail to do it.
B.Expose yourself more to your surroundings.
C.The movement during walking is obviously key.
D.Without enough energy，you cannot wonder or create.
E.But to receive the benefits，you do not have to live in a forest.
F.This habit，however，not only benefits well-being but also contributes
to innovation.
G.Wandering around a park and observing people relaxing or birds
singing is also a choice.
√
上文“So instead of setting a fitness goal，why not set a creativity goal that starts with walking outdoors？”建议开始以创造力为目标的户外散步。下文举了具体的行动例子，B项(让自己更多地接触周围环境。)与这一主题相符，承上启下，符合语境。故选B。
解析
James Porter runs a small lawn(草坪) maintenance business in North Tonawanda.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。盲人 James Porter经营着草坪养护业务，由于无法考取驾照，他只能用手动拖车来运送维护草坪的设备。有一天他的拖车坏了，一位路人送给他一辆新的拖车和一个割草机，并且在社交平台上宣传他的生意来帮助他。
Ⅴ.语法填空
Unlike other people doing maintenance business，he is legally blind and can’t obtain a driver’s license,1.________(cause) him to walk to all of his customers，with his heavy equipment 2.___________(transport) in a hand-pulled trailer(拖车).
causing
1.考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，所填词在句中作结果状语，表示前文带来的意料之中的结果，故此处用动词-ing形式。
2.考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为with复合结构，equipment和transport之间存在动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。
解析
transported
One day when James’ trailer broke,3. passer-by named Paul Koenig stepped in to help.
a
考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处第一次提到Paul Koenig，且passer-by是可数名词单数，其发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
解析
Actually，before this encounter，James 4. (observe) walking around North Tonawanda by Paul，and James’ 5. (tire) effort at work impressed Paul deeply.
had been observed
4.考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语 before this encounter 可知，此处表示在过去某时之前发生的动作，应用过去完成时，且主语James和observe之间是被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。
5.考查形容词。所填词修饰名词effort，且根据语境可知，此处表示“在工作中的不懈努力”，故填tireless。
解析
tireless
When Paul stopped 6. (ask) him for business，he noticed James’ trailer needed to be fixed.
to ask
考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，路人Paul停下来，想请James给他修剪草坪，故用动词不定式作stop的宾语，stop to do sth“停下来去做另一件事”。
解析
Then he 7. (generous) gifted James a new trailer and lawnmower(割草机).
generously
考查副词。所填词修饰动词gifted，故填generous的副词形式作状语。
解析
When asked about his 8. (motivate)，Paul said he just wanted to reward James for his hard work.
motivation
考查名词。所填词作about的宾语，且空前是形容词性物主代词，故此处用motivate的名词形式，结合句意可知此处指他本次行为的动机，应用单数。
解析
Along with the equipment，Paul also shared a post to promote James’ business,9.________ has helped bring more business opportunities to James.James was surprised and excited，and also really grateful to Paul.
which
考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处非限制性定语从句修饰前面整句内容，关系词在从句中作主语，且指物，故用which引导。
解析
“10. his support，I would still struggle to pull my stuff around，” he said.
Without
考查介词。本句为含蓄条件句，根据语境可知，James认为“如果没有”Paul的帮助的话，他将仍然艰难地拖着自己的东西四处奔走，此处应填介词without且位于句首，首字母应大写，故填Without。
解析
返 回
本课结束Period 3　Grammar and usage—Passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses
阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成下面的练习
The whole city soon learnt that a large sum of money ①had been lost.Tom White，a local businessman，had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office.Tom was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the citizens，but it was not returned to him.Three months passed，and then one morning，when his breakfast ②was being prepared，Tom heard someone knocking on his door.After opening the door，he found that his wallet ③had been placed outside his front door.It ④had been wrapped up in a newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost，along with a note saying，“A thief，yes，but only 50% a thief！” Two months later，some more money was sent to Tom with another note: “Only 25% a thief now！” Finally，all Tom’s money was returned in this funny way.The last note said：“I am 100 percent honest now.”
1．加黑部分①③④使用了过去完成时态的被动语态，表示在过去某一时间之前(之前/之后)已经被完成的动作，其结构是：had been done。
2．加黑部分②使用了过去进行时态的被动语态，表示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做，其结构是：was/were being done。
一、基本结构
过去完成时的被动语态：had been done
过去进行时的被动语态：was/were being done
二、过去完成时的被动语态的基本用法
1．当by，before，when，by the time，until等引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，以及by，before等后接过去的时间时，主句的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前，且表被动时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
By the time Tom，an amateur，got to the golf club，the first period had been finished.
当业余运动员汤姆到达高尔夫俱乐部时，第一阶段已经结束了。
Had the new conclusion been discussed before the meeting started？这个新结论在会议开始前被讨论过吗？
2．用在told，said，knew，heard，thought，wondered等动词后的宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被完成。
The boy was told that his politics paper had not been handed in.
这个男孩被告知他还没有交政治试卷。
The journalist reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake of this area.
记者报道有1 000多人在这个地区的地震中丧生。
3．在It was the first/second/...time that...句型中，that从句的主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
It was the second time that his food and towel had been stolen.
这是第二次他的食物和毛巾被偷了。
4．在虚拟语气中，条件句表示与过去的事实相反，且主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
If I had been asked earlier，I would have helped him objectively analyze the problem.
如果他早点问我，我会帮助他客观地分析问题。
5．根据语意可以判断出过去发生动作先后的被动语态，先发生的被动动作用过去完成时的被动语态。
As the assignment had been done，he switched on the TV and lay on the sofa，very relaxed.
因为任务已经完成了，他打开电视并躺在沙发上，非常放松。
三、过去进行时的被动语态的基本用法
1．表示过去某个时间点正在进行的被动动作，经常和时间副词then，at this time last week，at this moment yesterday 等连用。
This issue was being discussed at this moment yesterday by the people present at the meeting.
昨天这个时候这个议题正在被出席会议的人讨论。
2．表示过去某个阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时动作不一定正在进行)。
It is said that his teapot was being repaired in the shop last week.
据说他的茶壶上周正在店里维修。
3．过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：过去进行时的被动语态强调动作发生的过程，一般过去时的被动语态强调动作的结果。
Several patients were being treated in the local hospital then.(表示被动的动作正在进行或持续)
当时有几个病人正在当地医院接受治疗。
Several patients were treated in the local hospital then.(表示过去发生了的动作)
当时有几个病人在当地医院接受了治疗。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It was the third time that the book had been revised(revise) for publication.
2.Dozens of trees were being planted(plant) from Monday to Friday last week by us.
3．All the necessary items had been sent(send) to the flood-hit area by the end of last week.
4．In the past few years thousands of films have been produced(produce) all over the world.
5．The tiger was being fed(feed) some nice meat by a bunch of visitors at this time yesterday.
6．She said that no one would use the technology until it had been demonstrated(demonstrate)．
7．I remember well that the witness was being questioned(question) by a policeman at that time.
8．They were living with their parents at the time because their own house was being rebuilt(rebuild)．
9．After a day’s work，I went to the restaurant near my company to have dinner，only to be told that it was being decorated(decorate)．
10．Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children.And，as more children were born，more food was needed(need)．
Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用本单元语法
After parking his car，John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence went to the supermarket for shopping.Having stayed in the supermarket for about half an hour，John realized that his car window 1.hadn’t been rolled(not roll) down.What was even worse was that his wallet 2.had been placed(place) on the front seat.In the meanwhile，he didn’t know that his wallet 3.was being attended(attend) to by a homeless man then，who had been standing in the rain waiting for the owner to return.They were astonished to find two policemen standing next to his car when they came back.The two policemen told them everything.They made a decision to help the homeless man and by the time they got home the act of kindness 4.had been posted(post) on the social media，which went viral.Job offers and all sorts of help 5.had been offered(offer) to the homeless man until yesterday.
作业3　Grammar and usage
[分值：77.5分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．It was the second time that the idiom had been used(use) in his article.
2．By the time I arrived at the restaurant，the dinner had been finished(finish)．
3．If I hadn’t been injured(not injure)，I would have participated in the marathon.
4．Before he went into the chocolate factory，the light had been switched(switch) off.
5．What you didn’t know was that he was being interviewed(interview) by our headmaster at that time.
6．When we came into the factory，our water pump was being repaired(repair) by an experienced worker.
7．A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended(recommend) to us by a friend，and finally，we found it.
8．Finding that I was being chased(chase) by a fierce wolf，I was frightened to death，my legs trembling uncontrollably.
9．The reason why I didn’t bring it here yesterday was that my tablet was being checked(check) by my elderly neighbor then.
10．Prior to coming to China，my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America，with Chinese food that had been changed(change) to suit American tastes.
Ⅱ.完成句子(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)
1．伯纳德感谢他们为他所做的一切。
Bernard felt grateful to all of them for what had been done for him.
2．今天早晨爸爸不得不骑自行车去上班，因为他的汽车正在被维修。
Dad had to cycle to work this morning because his car was being repaired.
3．到去年年底，两万辆汽车已经被生产了出来。
By the end of last year,20,000 cars had been produced.
4．在被问到事故发生的原因时，负责人表示正在调查中。
When asked about the cause of the accident，the man in charge said it was being investigated.
5．我没有参加今天的晨会，因为没人告诉我这件事情。
I didn’t attend the meeting this morning，for I had been told nothing about that.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·广西百色高二上期末)
Attention! We need to put a stop to parents doing harm to youth sports.It has gotten out of hand.
A recent study showed 26 million American children took part in non-school sports.By the age of 13，about 18.2 million quit.
No wonder kids are quitting.Many parents show no sportsmanship.They often shout happily at an injury if the injured player is on the other team.My brother Mario Widdowson got hit in the face during a soccer game.The parents from the other team were shouting gladly at his pain.All of the players were down on one knee waiting for Mario to get up，out of respect and it was the right thing to do.The kids did much better than these parents.
There are different types of parents.In the book Parenting with Love and Logic the authors describe two different types of parents.The first is helicopter parents，who don’t allow their kid to succeed or fail on their own.The other type is lawnmower parents，who clear anything in their child’s path to make life as easy as possible.
I have observed helicopter parents.When my brother was playing club soccer，the parents of one of his teammates shouted at their son，“Shoot the ball！” It was from about half field.He did it and the coach stopped him from playing and asked him to leave the field.
The parents are trying to coach their kids.The players on the field follow blindly and many mistakes happen.It’s not good for kids’ confidence.What is the purpose of youth sports anyway
Problems happen in youth sports all over the United States.Parents need to behave themselves.Then the number of students who quit at the age of 13 will drop greatly.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了许多美国儿童到13岁时停止校外体育活动，这是因为家长缺乏体育精神、过度干预孩子，作者呼吁家长应该约束自己的行为、尊重体育。
1．What does the author want to show by using numbers in paragraph 2
A．American kids are sports lovers.
B．Parents can’t behave themselves.
C．Most kids give up sports halfway.
D．Non-school sports are popular among teens.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段“A recent study showed 26 million American children took part in non-school sports.By the age of 13，about 18.2 million quit.”可推知，作者想通过这些数字来说明大多数孩子参加体育活动后半途而废。故选C。
2．What did some parents do when Mario got injured
A．They lent a helping hand.
B．They cheered at his injury.
C．They waited for him to get up.
D．They kept shouting at their kids.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“My brother Mario Widdowson got hit in the face during a soccer game.The parents from the other team were shouting gladly at his pain.”可知，当Mario受伤时，一些父母为他的受伤而欢呼。故选B。
3．Why was the boy asked to leave the field
A．He made a mistake.
B．He missed his goal.
C．He turned to the coach again.
D．He didn’t want to go on with the sport.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“When my brother was playing club soccer，the parents of one of his teammates shouted at their son，‘Shoot the ball！’It was from about half field.He did it and the coach stopped him from playing and asked him to leave the field.”和倒数第二段中“The parents are trying to coach their kids.The players on the field follow blindly and many mistakes happen.”可知，男孩被要求离开球场是因为他听从父母的呼喊射门，犯了一个错误，故选A。
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Parents Should Respect Sports
B．Non-school Sports Is Popular
C．Encouragement Is Important for Kids
D．Kids Need to Love Sports
答案　A
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“Attention! We need to put a stop to parents doing harm to youth sports.It has gotten out of hand.”，第三段中“Many parents show no sportsmanship.”和最后一段中“Parents need to behave themselves.”可知，文章主要说明了许多美国儿童到13岁时停止了校外体育活动，这是因为家长缺乏体育精神、过度干预孩子，作者呼吁家长应该约束自己的行为、尊重体育，选项A“家长应该尊重体育”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选A。
B(此篇精读)
(2025·山西长治高二上期末)
This must be universally acknowledged: Exercise is good for your body.The question of how much exercise is best，though，is open to debate.The answer often depends on your goals.For heart health，sessions four to five times weekly might be ideal.For mental health As The Independent reports，scientists believe there’s a pretty specific prescription(处方): Exercising for 45 minutes three to five times a week.
The data comes from a new and expansive observational study published in The Lancet Psychiatry and conducted by researchers at Yale and the University of Oxford.The study examined 1.2 million subjects who filled out the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey at two-year intervals(间隔) between 2011 and 2015.Subjects who didn’t exercise at all had an average of three-and-a-half days per month when they felt mentally unwell—stressed，depressed，or otherwise burdened by emotional problems—while those who exercised regularly reported an average of just two days.
The study found that having three to five 45-minute sessions a week was best for reducing the reported instances of feeling stressed or depressed.Exercising for longer periods—some subjects reported over 90 minutes in the gym—was associated with a drop-off in mental health benefits.Subjects who spent three hours at a time exercising actually reported an increase in depressive symptoms(症状)．
Researchers also found that the kind of exercise undertaken made a difference.While all varieties helped，people who participated in team sports promoting social interaction and gym classes like cycling described greater self-satisfaction with mental health.
Because the study involved self-reported outcomes and exercise wasn’t monitored，it’s possible that the participants could have misinterpreted the volume of exercise performed.The study，however，makes a convincing case for a popular notion: If exercise were a pill，doctors everywhere would be prescribing it.
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于锻炼量与心理健康益处的关系的研究。
5．What decides the ideal amount of exercise for an individual according to the text
A．His exercise routine.
B．His physical condition.
C．What sports he prefers.
D．What he expects to improve.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The question of how much exercise is best，though，is open to debate.The answer often depends on your goals.”可知，理想的锻炼量取决于个人的目标。故选D。
6．How did the subjects participate in the study
A．By filling out a survey.
B．By attending gym classes.
C．By interviewing researchers.
D．By reading about health benefits.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study examined 1.2 million subjects who filled out the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey at two-year intervals(间隔) between 2011 and 2015.”可知，受试者通过填写行为风险因素检测调查来参加研究。故选A。
7．What effect was demonstrated by exercising for over 90 minutes
A．No change in mental health.
B．Improved mental health benefits.
C．A decline in mental health benefits.
D．Increased physical health benefits.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Exercising for longer periods—some subjects reported over 90 minutes in the gym—was associated with a drop-off in mental health benefits.”可知，锻炼超过90分钟，心理健康的益处可能会下降。故选C。
8．What limitation of the study was mentioned in the text
A．Reporting process wasn’t monitored.
B．Only one type of exercise was studied.
C．The study did not include any real subjects.
D．Subjects could have misreported exercise amounts.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Because the study involved self-reported outcomes and exercise wasn’t monitored，it’s possible that the participants could have misinterpreted the volume of exercise performed.”可知，由于锻炼没有受到监测，参与者可能错误报告了运动量。故选D。
[词汇积累] 1.expansive adj.广阔的；广泛的；全面的 2.subject n.主题；科目 n.实验对象 文义 3.be associated with与……有关 4.drop off n.下降 5.participate in参加；参与,6.misinterpret v.误解；误释 [句式分析],Subjects who didn’t exercise at all had an average of three and a half days per month when they felt mentally unwell—stressed，depressed，or otherwise burdened by emotional problems—while those who exercised regularly reported an average of just two days. 分析：此句为while连接的并列句。前面的分句中含有一个who引导的定语从句和一个when引导的定语从句；后面的分句中含有一个who引导的定语从句。 翻译：那些根本不运动的人平均每月有三天半的时间感到精神不适——压力大、抑郁或忍受其他情绪问题——而那些经常运动的人平均只有两天 有同样的感受 。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·福建莆田高二上期末)
Walking has been considered as one kind of rewarding exercise.For many people，daily walking offers massive and long-term physical and mental benefits. 1 A Stanford University study found that participants were more creative when walking as opposed to sitting.
2 You’ve probably heard the phrase “exercise your creativity”．Our creative mindset is stirred up by physical movement，which is exactly why walking with your dog，a friend，or alone feeds creative thinking.
But the scenery is almost as important as the sweat.Just by going outside，you are stepping out of your habitual surroundings and your comfort zone，which is necessary if you want to open your mind to new possibilities.You can walk through a tree-filled neighborhood. 3 Even when you walk down a busy street，you can’t help but get distracted by the sweet smells from a food cart or the child pointing to a building you haven’t even noticed before.
Walking outside develops our ability to collect new ideas and take in new sights，sounds，smells，and flavors.Shinrin-yoku，a common form of relaxation in Japan，suggests that being in the forest and walking among the trees there can lower your stress levels. 4 Research has shown that getting close to nature around your neighborhood or taking a break from multimedia increases performance on a creative problem-solving task.
So instead of setting a fitness goal，why not set a creativity goal that starts with walking outdoors？ 5 For example，you can turn off your phone and give yourself the chance to be present in the world，to hear conversations and natural sounds，and to notice the way people move and the way the sun reflects in a lake.
Walk not just for exercise.Walk for wonder.
A．Unfortunately，you often fail to do it.
B．Expose yourself more to your surroundings.
C．The movement during walking is obviously key.
D．Without enough energy，you cannot wonder or create.
E．But to receive the benefits，you do not have to live in a forest.
F．This habit，however，not only benefits well-being but also contributes to innovation.
G．Wandering around a park and observing people relaxing or birds singing is also a choice.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了散步不仅对身心健康有好处，还有助于激发创造力。
1．答案　F
解析　根据上文“For many people，daily walking offers massive and long-term physical and mental benefits.”和下文“A Stanford University study found that participants were more creative when walking as opposed to sitting.”可知，散步不仅对身心健康有好处，还有助于激发创造力。F项(然而，这种习惯不仅有益于健康，而且有助于创新。)承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
2．答案　C
解析　根据下文“Our creative mindset is stirred by physical movement，which is exactly why walking with your dog，a friend，or alone feeds creative thinking.”可知，散步时的身体运动激发创造性思维。C项(散步时的运动显然是关键。)引起下文，符合语境。故选C。
3．答案　G
解析　根据上文“You can walk through a tree-filled neighborhood.”和下文“Even when you walk down a busy street...”可知，空处和上下文一起提供了具体的户外活动场景选择。G项(在公园里闲逛，观察人们放松或鸟儿唱歌也是一个选择。)符合语境。故选G。
4．答案　E
解析　根据上文“Shinrin-yoku，a common form of relaxation in Japan，suggests that being in the forest and walking among the trees there can lower your stress levels.”和下文“Research has shown that getting close to nature around your neighborhood or taking a break from multimedia increases performance on a creative problem-solving task.”可知，在社区亲近自然或远离多媒体也能像在森林里那样得到这些好处。E项(但是要得到这些好处，你不一定要住在森林里。)与上文内容构成转折，符合语境。故选E。
5．答案　B
解析　上文“So instead of setting a fitness goal，why not set a creativity goal that starts with walking outdoors？”建议开始以创造力为目标的户外散步。下文举了具体的行动例子，B项(让自己更多地接触周围环境。)与这一主题相符，承上启下，符合语境。故选B。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
James Porter runs a small lawn(草坪) maintenance business in North Tonawanda.Unlike other people doing maintenance business，he is legally blind and can’t obtain a driver’s license,1.________(cause) him to walk to all of his customers，with his heavy equipment 2.________(transport) in a hand-pulled trailer(拖车)．
One day when James’ trailer broke,3. passer-by named Paul Koenig stepped in to help.Actually，before this encounter，James 4. (observe) walking around North Tonawanda by Paul，and James’ 5. (tire) effort at work impressed Paul deeply.When Paul stopped 6. (ask) him for business，he noticed James’ trailer needed to be fixed.Then he 7. (generous) gifted James a new trailer and lawnmower(割草机)．When asked about his 8. (motivate)，Paul said he just wanted to reward James for his hard work.
Along with the equipment，Paul also shared a post to promote James’ business,9.________ has helped bring more business opportunities to James.James was surprised and excited，and also really grateful to Paul.“10. his support，I would still struggle to pull my stuff around，” he said.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。盲人 James Porter经营着草坪养护业务，由于无法考取驾照，他只能用手动拖车来运送维护草坪的设备。有一天他的拖车坏了，一位路人送给他一辆新的拖车和一个割草机，并且在社交平台上宣传他的生意来帮助他。
1．答案　causing
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，所填词在句中作结果状语，表示前文带来的意料之中的结果，故此处用动词-ing形式。
2．答案　transported
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为with复合结构，equipment和transport之间存在动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。
3．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处第一次提到Paul Koenig，且passer-by是可数名词单数，其发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
4．答案　had been observed
解析　考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语 before this encounter 可知，此处表示在过去某时之前发生的动作，应用过去完成时，且主语James和observe之间是被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。
5．答案　tireless
解析　考查形容词。所填词修饰名词effort，且根据语境可知，此处表示“在工作中的不懈努力”，故填tireless。
6．答案　to ask
解析　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，路人Paul停下来，想请James给他修剪草坪，故用动词不定式作stop的宾语，stop to do sth“停下来去做另一件事”。
7．答案　generously
解析　考查副词。所填词修饰动词gifted，故填generous的副词形式作状语。
8．答案　motivation
解析　考查名词。所填词作about的宾语，且空前是形容词性物主代词，故此处用motivate的名词形式，结合句意可知此处指他本次行为的动机，应用单数。
9．答案　which
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处非限制性定语从句修饰前面整句内容，关系词在从句中作主语，且指物，故用which引导。
10．答案　Without
解析　考查介词。本句为含蓄条件句，根据语境可知，James认为“如果没有”Paul的帮助的话，他将仍然艰难地拖着自己的东西四处奔走，此处应填介词without且位于句首，首字母应大写，故填Without。

展开更多......

收起↑