资源简介

(共92张PPT)
Period 2
Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points
Fit for life
Unit 3
内容索引
Part 1　课文词块自查
Part 2　语言知识梳理
Part 3　基础达标检测
作业2
课文词块自查
________________
_____________
___________________
__________
______________________
________
___________________
________________
1.在……过程中
2.与……分享……
3.在……中发挥关键作用
4.取决于
5.感染某些疾病
6.涉及，与……相关
7.一种……的有效方式
8.对……做出改变
over the course of
share...with...
play a critical role in
depend on
contract certain diseases
relate to
an effective means of
make changes to
_______________
__________________________
_________________________
_____________
__________________________________
__________
_________
9.多种的，广泛的
10.良好的听觉
11.在与疾病的斗争中
12.快速
13.阻止……做某事
14.理解，弄清；想出；计算出
15.(事物)肆意发展；(尤指小孩)肆意妄为，失去控制
a wide range of
an excellent sense of hearing
in the fight against diseases
at a fast pace
prevent/prohibit/keep...from doing sth
figure out
run wild
__________
______________________
_____________
_______________
16.确保，设法保证；弄清楚
17.对某人有利
18.失去控制
19.在……的历史上
make sure
work to one’s advantage
out of control
in the history of
返 回
语言知识梳理
vt.影响；侵袭，使感染；深深打动(effect n.效应；影响；效果 affection n.喜爱，感情 effective adj.有效的)
[教材原句P30]It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases.
它(基因组)还包含了有助于决定我们寿命长短和影响我们患某些疾病概率的信息。
[北师大版]It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth，including animals and plants.
显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。
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affect
·be affected by被……打动；受……影响
be affected with感染……疾病
·have an effect on对……有影响
·have a great affection for非常喜欢……
gain/win sb’s affection得到某人的喜爱
(1)My mother had a great (affect) for poetry when she retired，and published her first collection of poems.
(2)Affected the stories of climate change，the student decided to take action and reduce her carbon footprint regardless of the difficulties.
affection
by
(3)(2025·浙江1月，应用文写作)另一方面，如果管理不当，在校园内拍摄短视频可能会造成分心，影响我们的学习。
On the other hand，if not properly managed，filming short videos on campus may cause distractions and ________________
.
affect/have an
写作佳句
effect on our study
(4)她因她的善良和耐心赢得了学生的极大喜爱。
She has ________________________________________________
for her kindness and patience.
won great affection from the students/won the students’
great affection
vt.& vi.联系，使有联系；叙述，讲述(related adj.相关的，有联系的 relation n.关系，联系；亲戚 relative n.亲戚，亲属 adj.比较的；相对的relationship n.关系)
2
relate
[教材原句P30]Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases...
遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关……
[北师大版]Some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution.多种癌症与交通污染有关。
(1)You can identify the clues to the answer if you relate the results the causes.
(2)We are committed to improving (relate) with all countries in the world，which turns out to be a success.
relations/relationships
to
·relate to涉及，与……相关
relate A to B把A和B联系起来
relate sth to sb 给某人讲某事
·be related to与……有关/有联系
·in relation to关于，涉及；相对……而言
(3)(2024·浙江1月，应用文写作)我写这封信是想给你一些关于课间体育锻炼的建议。
I am writing to offer you some recommendations _____________
______________________________________________________________.
in relation to/
写作佳句
relating to/(that/which are) related to physical exercise between classes
n.(pl.means)方法，方式；财富，钱财
means
3
[教材原句P30]...as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.……因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段。
[人教版]Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past.汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。
a means of一种……的方式
by all means尽一切办法；务必；当然
by means of借助；依靠
by no means/not by any means决不，一点儿也不(置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装)
(1)Despite the fact that every means (use)，we still had difficulty tackling the problem.
(2)Without doubt，watching films is regarded as good means of entertainment.
was used/had been used
a
(3)(话题写作之语言学习)英语是一种交流手段，在处理国际事务中起着至关重要的作用。因此，我们绝不能忽视语言学习。事实上，我们应该学会尽一切办法来掌握它。如果你有任何困难，你可以从借助词典来扩大你的词汇量开始。
English，which is ，plays a critical role in dealing with international affairs.As a consequence，_________________
ignore the language learning.Actually，we should learn to master it_____
.If you have any difficulty，you can start with building up your vocabulary .
a means of communication
写作佳句
by no means can we
by all
means
by means of a dictionary
vi.(arose，arisen)出现，发生；(由……)引起，(因……)产生；起立；起身
arise
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[教材原句P31]As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace，however，questions arise about how to use it appropriately.然而，随着这一技术不断迅速发展，如何恰当地使用它成了问题。
[人教版]The next morning，the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise，passing through the Canadian Rockies.次日清晨，两个女孩早早起床，登上开往路易斯湖的火车，穿越加拿大落基山脉。
·arise from/out of由……引起；起因于
arise from从……上站起来
·arise作“呈现；出现；发生”之意时，主语多为抽象名词，如：
argument，problem，quarrel，question，movement等。
(1)By no means can the best judges deal with the quarrels between the madam and her husband (arise) from some small things in their daily life.
arising
(2)(读后续写之动作链描写)他不能忍受这些残忍的言论，突然从他座位上站起来，冲出房子，消失在夜幕中。
Unable to tolerate these cruel remarks，he suddenly__________
，stormed out of the house and disappeared in the curtain of night.
arose/rose
写作佳句
from his seat
易混辨析
易混词 词性及词义
arise vi.(arose，arisen)发生，出现；(由……)引起，(因……)产生；起立；起身
rise vi.(rose，risen)上升；升起；增长；起立；站起来 n.增加，提高；上升；增强
raise vt.(raised，raised)提高；举起；提出；筹集；饲养；抚养
选词填空
(3)As is known to us all，the sun in the east and sets in the west.
(4)With more and more people traveling abroad，it’s natural that various problems will .
(5)(话题写作之环境保护)Earth Day，marked on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to public awareness of environmental protection.
rises
arise
raise
vt.(尤指以法令)禁止；使不可能(prohibition n.禁止；禁令)
prohibit
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[教材原句P31]Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies
我们是否应该禁止遗传学家使用它(基因组编辑技术)来使健康的身体更加强健？
[北师大版]You’re prohibited from hitting the other person with your head，shoulder or arm.
禁止你用头、肩膀或胳膊撞击另一个人。
(1)There is a (prohibit) against selling alcohol to people under the age of 18.
(2)The government has introduced a law that will prohibit (place) tobacco advertisements on TV.
prohibition
placing
prohibit doing sth禁止做某事，阻止做某事
prohibit sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事，禁止某人做某事
(3)(2022·全国甲，书面表达)我呼吁政府颁布一项非法狩猎的禁令。人们应该被禁止残忍地捕猎海洋动物。
I call on the government to introduce_______________________
. marine animals cruelly.
a prohibition against/on
写作佳句
illegal hunting
People should be prohibited from hunting
n.抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗(resist vi.& vt.抵制；反抗；忍住 resistant adj.抵抗的，有抵抗力的)
resistance
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[教材原句P31]One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance to colds and flu，to make people taller，to help their muscles develop faster，to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more intelligent.不久的将来，我们将能够利用基因组编辑来增强人类对感冒和流感的抵抗力，使人长得更高，帮助他们的肌肉更快地发育，使他们所有的感官更加敏锐，或者使他们更聪明。
(1)The finding should lead to new strategies which help fight drug_________
(resist).
(2)With the temperature rising to 37℃，all the students strongly resist
(switch) off the air conditioner.
＝With the temperature rising to 37℃，all the students are strongly
(resist) to switching off the air conditioner.
resistance
switching
·resist doing sth抵制做某事
can’t/couldn’t resist doing sth忍不住做某事
·be resistant to对……有抵抗力；抵制
resistant
(3)(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)窗户上的声音引起了我的注意，我忍不住踮起脚尖(tiptoe)走上前看看正发生什么事。
A noise at the window caught my attention and I _____________
to see what was happening.
couldn’t resist
写作佳句
tiptoeing forward
[教材原句P31]This means putting appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage.
这意味着适当的管制要准备到位，以确保基因组编辑会对我们有利。
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put sth in place
准备就绪
in place在适当的位置；适当
out of place不在适当位置；不合适
in place of sb/sth＝in sb’s/sth’s place代替/顶替某人/某物
in the first place起初；第一
put yourself in sb’s place设身处地替别人着想；设想自己处于别人的境地
take the place of sb＝take sb’s place＝replace sb代替/替换某人
take place发生，举行
(1)Unable to come to the ceremony，he sent his son to accept the award in (he) place.
(2)This measure，which is designed to limit the number of vehicles on the road，should be put place right away.
一句多译
(3)在某种程度上，在许多工厂，机器人已被用来代替人。
①To a certain degree，robots have been used human beings in many factories.
②To a certain degree，robots have been used to human beings in many factories.
his
in
in place of
take the place of
(4)(应用文写作之活动介绍)辩论赛计划在铃声响后30分钟内在教室举行。
The debate competition __________________________________
within 30 minutes after the bell rings.
(5)你应该偶尔设身处地为他着想，只有这样你才能了解他的处境，获得相互尊重。
You are supposed to once in a while. Only in this way can you understand his situation and acquire mutual respect.
is scheduled to take place in the classroom
写作佳句
put yourself in his shoes
vt.& vi.讨论；辩论；仔细考虑，思考 n.讨论，争论；辩论
debate
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[教材原句P31]There is still much to be explored and debated on the subject of genome editing.
关于基因组编辑这一课题，仍有许多有待探索和争论的地方。
(1)The committee will debate to lower the age of club membership to 16 or not.
(2)There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes.One of the questions debate is whether education is a lifetime study.
whether
·debate with sb about/over/on...与某人讨论……
debate when/how/whether...讨论何时/如何/是否……
·have/hold a debate about/over/on...举行关于……的讨论
under debate在讨论中；在辩论中
beyond/without debate无可争辩
under
(3)(应用文写作之议论文)上周我们就市民是否可以免费进入科学博物馆展开了讨论。
Last week ______________________________________________
whether citizens can access the Science Museum free of charge.
we had a debate about/on/over/we debated with each
写作佳句
other about/on/over
(4)(读后续写之升华句)一个小小的善举会对我们周围的人产生巨大的影响，这一事实无可争辩。
It is a fact that a small act of kindness makes a great difference to those around us.
beyond/without debate
[教材原句P31]Without doubt，genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science.毫无疑问，基因组编辑是科学史上最伟大的创新之一。
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without doubt
·in doubt不确定，拿不准
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
·doubt whether/if...怀疑是否……
(1)People doubt he can win the election for the president.
whether/if
毫无疑问，的确
(2)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)我不确定地摇了摇头，我怀疑我是否会参加写作比赛。就在那时，我的老师走过来拍了拍我的肩膀，说：“永远不要怀疑你自己的能力。毫无疑问，你可以成为一个合格的参赛者。”
I shook my head and I doubted ____________________
.It was at that time that my teacher approached me and patted me on the shoulder，saying，“Never
____________________._________________________________ you can be a qualified competitor.”
whether/if I would take
写作佳句
part in the writing contest
doubt your own ability
Without doubt/There is no doubt that
in doubt
[教材原句P31]As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace，however，questions arise about how to use it appropriately.
然而，随着基因组编辑技术不断迅速发展，如何恰当地利用这项技术成了问题。
[结构分析] 此句是复合句。as引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”；主句中“how to use it appropriately”是“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，作介词about的宾语。
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as 作连词
as作为连词，除了引导时间状语从句，还有以下用法：
·引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”，与 because相似。
·引导方式状语从句，表示“按照；以……方式；像……一样；正如”。
·引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管；虽然”，但必须用倒装语序。
·引导比较状语从句，其基本结构是as...as...。
·引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如；正像”，常用于以下句型：
as is often the case(这是常有的事)；as we expected(不出所料)；as is known
to all/as we all know(众所周知)；as is mentioned above(如上所述)等。
注意：as也可作介词，表示“作为；像”。
(1)俗话说：“入乡随俗。”
，“When in Rome，do as the Romans do.”
(2)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)尽管我既焦虑又担心，但我最终还是选择了参加写作比赛。因为我敬爱的老师不断指导和鼓励我，我创作了一篇完美的文章，我的脸上洋溢着兴奋的笑容。
，I finally chose to take part in the writing contest._________________________________________________
，I created a perfect article and I beamed with excitement.
As an old saying goes
Anxious and concerned as I was
As my beloved teacher constantly guided and encouraged
me
(3)随着生活节奏的不断加快，越来越多的人们受到各种疾病和健康问题的影响。
，people are increasingly affected by various illnesses and health issues.
As the pace of life continues to increase
[教材原句P31]Without them，genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.
如果没有恰当的管制措施，基因组编辑可能会像失控的汽车一样危险。
[结构分析] 此句是简单句。without them是介词短语，相当于条件状语从句，句子主干使用了虚拟语气。
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含蓄虚拟条件句
当without表示“如果没有”，谈论的是一种与事实相反的假设时，句子要用虚拟语气。without引导的短语相当于一个条件状语从句，句子的时态根据具体语境确定，一般遵循虚拟语气的时态规则：
·与过去事实相反，句子使用“would/could/might/should have done”。
·与现在或将来事实相反，句子使用“would/could/might/should do”。
·其他含蓄条件表达方法还有：otherwise/or(否则)，but for(要不是)等。
(1)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)没有您的科学指导和慷慨帮助，我不会在写作比赛中获得一等奖。
Without your scientific guidance and generous assistance，____________
.
(2)如果没有我们的共同努力，我们不可能在这么短的时间内建成一个绿色校园。
But for our joint efforts，________________________________________
.
I wouldn’t
have won first prize in the writing contest
we couldn’t have built a green campus in such
a short time
(3)我已经为比赛做了充分的准备，否则我现在会陷入困境。
I have made full preparations for the competition，___________________
.
otherwise/or I would
be trapped in difficulty now
返 回
基础达标检测
1.Actually，social media (在……中发挥关键作用) influencing people’s opinions.
2.Before you start the meeting，everything should (准备就绪).
3.Eventually，the new regulations will (对我们有利).
4. (毫无疑问)，the person who has the deepest effect on me is my dear mother.
plays a critical role in
Ⅰ.短语填空
be put in place
work to our advantage
Without doubt
5.Li Bai is considered to be one of the greatest poets__________________
(在……的历史上) Chinese poetry.
6.His remark doesn’t (与……相关) the topic under discussion.
in the history of
relate to
1.得知您患了重感冒，我们深感遗憾，祝您早日康复。
，we feel deeply sorry for you，wishing you a speedy recovery.
2.检查孩子的作业绝不是父母的责任。
parents’ duty to go through the kids’ assignments.
Learning that you are affected with a bad cold
Ⅱ.完成句子
It is by no means/By no means is it
3.(应用文写作之求助信)作为一名交换生，我在学习英语方面有一些困难，所以请给我一些建议。
，I have some difficulty in studying English，so please offer me some proposals.
As an exchange student
返 回
作业2
1.He developed a wide range interests under the influence of his parents.
2.I doubt the leaders of the council will applaud my proposals.
3.Ultimately I was fully aware of the problem which was (relate) to genes.
4.The country’s present difficulties literally arise the reduced value of its money.
5.The suggestion relating to railway construction is still debate at a formal conference.
of
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
whether/if
related
from
under
6. is always the case with language learning，Mandarin learning also calls for lots of practice.
7.Witnessing his unselfish behaviour，I couldn’t resist (cry)，determined to learn from him.
8. Mom’s encouragement，I wouldn’t have become a successful narrator in the competition.
9.Every means (try) up to now，but we still can’t come up with a good way to handle the current dilemma.
10.To wrestle with pollution，everyone should (prohibit) from throwing away rubbish here and there.
As
crying
Without
has been tried
be prohibited
1.在你的上一封信中，你要求提供与基因组编辑有关的信息，我想与你分享一些。(形容词短语作定语)
In your last letter，you asked for information ，so I would like to share some with you.
2.众所周知，基因组编辑被认为是一项颠覆性的技术，影响疾病治疗。(as引导定语从句；现在分词短语作定语)
，genome editing is considered as a game-changing technology， .
related to genome editing
Ⅱ.主题微写作
As is known to us all/As we all know
affecting disease treatment
3.恢复盲人的视力或纠正异常基因可以通过基因组编辑来完成。(by means of)
Restoring a blind person’s vision or correcting abnormal genes can be done .
4.尽管基因组编辑是有益的，但它也会引起一些道德问题。(as引导让步状语从句)
，some moral issues will arise from it.
by means of genome editing
Beneficial as genome editing is
5.因此，必须禁止科学家们利用基因组编辑创造“设计婴儿”。(prohibit)
Therefore，scientists must _______________________________________
.
6.综上所述，应该对如何发展基因组编辑设置一些限制。(特殊疑问词＋to do)
To sum up，some restrictions should be placed on ______________________
.
be prohibited from using genome editing to
how to develop genome
create “designer babies”
editing
A
(2025·山东滨州高二上期末)
Over the last decade，some European countries and the U.S.have replaced high-energy sodium streetlights with energy-saving LED lights which emit blue light.Although this is in response to the critical need to use less energy and reduce carbon emission，there are growing concerns that blue light may have a negative impact on human health that we don’t yet fully understand.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了LED照明中的蓝光对人类健康的潜在影响，特别是对睡眠和精神状态的影响，以及人们正在努力减少这种影响。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
Earlier this year，the World Journal of Biological Psychiatry published a paper that warned of the potential effects of LED lighting on mental illnesses.It raised concerns about the influence of blue light on sleep，use of digital healthcare apps and devices，and the higher sensitivity to blue light.
“I had already clearly seen that additional blue light exposure was extremely helpful to patients with depression.What I was slower to realize was that too much and poorly-timed exposure could have harmful effects on mental states and the sleep-wake cycle，” said John Gottlieb，Professor of Psychiatry and author of the paper.
As we all know，melatonin(褪黑激素) is fundamental in setting regular biological clock.According to the paper，however，blue light prevents melatonin secretion(分泌)，which disturbs sleep and affects quality of life，physical and mental health.Besides，it also shows a clear and consistent relationship between sleep disorders and frequency of digital device usage.If a person is prescribed a self-monitoring app，and instructed to use their smartphone to document mood changes，for example，and they do this before bed，it could do harm to their sleep and health.
Consequently，the National Sleep Foundation guidelines suggest not using technology 30 minutes before bed and removing technology from the bedroom.However，there are no specific guidelines for people with a potential mental illness.Now，scientists，health professionals and the LED industry are working to minimize the blue light in LED bulbs and create personalized lights that won’t harm those suffering from mental disorders.
1.What’s the purpose of paragraph 1
A.To present the topic of blue light.
B.To give an example of streetlights.
C.To criticize the use of blue light.
D.To compare two kinds of lights.
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Although this is in response to the critical need to use less energy and reduce carbon emission，there are growing concerns that blue light may have a negative impact on human health that we don’t yet fully understand.”以及全文内容可知，文章第一段旨在提出本文的主题——蓝光是否对人类的健康有影响。故选A。
解析
√
2.Which statement is TRUE according to Gottlieb’s paper
A.People should keep away from digital devices.
B.Mental diseases are possibly caused by LED lights.
C.Blue light has practical applications in medical field.
D.Gottlieb initially realized the harmful effects of blue light.
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“I had already clearly seen that additional blue light exposure was extremely helpful to patients with depression.”可知，论文作者Gottlied认为额外的蓝光照射对抑郁症患者非常有帮助，也就是蓝光在医疗领域有实际应用。故选C。
解析
√
3.What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A.Melatonin is vital to regular sleep.
B.How blue light affects human health.
C.Why smartphones shouldn’t be used before sleep.
D.Sleep disorders are related to digital device usage.
√
段落大意题。根据文章第四段“As we all know，melatonin(褪黑激素) is fundamental in setting regular biological clock...If a person is prescribed a self-monitoring app，and instructed to use their smartphone to document mood changes，for example，and they do this before bed，it could do harm to their sleep and health.”可知，第四段主要讲述的是蓝光如何影响人类健康。故选B。
解析
4.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.Is Blue Light Making Us Ill
B.Can We Get Rid of Blue Light
C.Why Does Blue Light Hurt Our Health
D.How Do We Benefit from LED Lights
标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据文章第一段和第二段内容可知，文章主要讨论了LED照明中的蓝光对人类健康的潜在影响，特别是对睡眠和精神状态的影响。故选A。
解析
√
B(此篇精读)
(2025·福建龙岩高二上期末)
When Shakespeare called a good night’s rest the “cure of hurt minds”，he was really onto something.According to a recent survey，“Most days or every day” in 2020，nearly 15 percent of American adults had trouble falling asleep in the previous month.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了睡眠不足对人的健康产生的重大有害影响，并提倡充足的睡眠。
So you’re a little sleepy—no big deal，right Wrong.A 1999 article in the medical journal The Lancet showed and decades of research suggest that “sleep debt” can have significant harmful effects on your health.
Happiness is the first to suffer.Everyone knows what it feels like to run on insufficient(不足的) sleep—you can be foggy，inattentive，and bad-tempered.A paper published in the journal Health Psychology in 2020 found that the participants without enough sleep experienced a less positive mood when they came across quite ordinary stress，and smaller increases in positive mood from pleasant events.When lacking sleep，people felt annoyed more and easier，and things feel less fun.
More seriously，sleep loss can cause clinical depression and anxiety.In 2014，Australian scholars studying young women found that a year of frequent sleep difficulties predicted the onset of depression and anxiety in later years.
Some researchers have identified long-time sleep debt as a disease—insufficient sleep syndrome(ISS).Given the reported evidence for how widespread the syndrome is，it might even be classed as an epidemic. Although no study has yet established a connection，it seems reasonable to think about whether the long-term declines in American happiness and increases in social conflicts may be connected to loss of sleep.
Whether you are a sleep-deprived student，or workaholic，or just an old-fashioned insomniac(失眠症患者)，attending to sleep is a critical strategy for health and happiness.And adjusting this aspect of your life could be one of the best things you do all year.
5.Why does the author mention Shakespeare
A.To show Shakespeare’s wisdom.
B.To introduce the topic of sleep loss.
C.To highlight a serious health problem.
D.To give reported evidence of sleep debt.
推理判断题。根据第一段“When Shakespeare called a good night’s rest the ‘cure of hurt minds’，he was really onto something...A 1999 article in the medical journal The Lancet showed and decades of research suggest that ‘sleep debt’ can have significant harmful effects on your health.”可推知，作者提到莎士比亚是为了引出睡眠不足的话题。故选B。
解析
√
6.What does the paper in Health Psychology tell us about insufficient sleep
A.It made people feel negative.
B.It led to poor eyesight.
C.It caused depression and anxiety.
D.It was not worth much concern.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中“A paper published in the journal Health Psychology in 2020 found that the participants without enough sleep experienced a less positive mood when they came across quite ordinary stress，and smaller increases in positive mood from pleasant events.When lacking sleep，people felt annoyed more and easier，and things feel less fun.”可知，《健康心理学》上的论文告诉我们，睡眠不足让人们感到消极。故选A。
解析
7.What can we learn from paragraph 4
A.Reduction of happiness is linked to sleep loss.
B.Long-term lack of sleep is not a disease.
C.Sleep debt might affect both individuals and the society.
D.Insufficient sleep syndrome is a recognized epidemic.
√
推理判断题。根据第四段“Some researchers have identified long-time sleep debt as a disease—insufficient sleep syndrome(ISS)...Although no study has yet established a connection，it seems reasonable to think about whether the long-term declines in American happiness and increases in social conflicts may be connected to loss of sleep.”可推知，我们可以从第四段中了解到，睡眠不足可能影响个人和社会。故选C。
解析
8.What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text
A.To confirm sleep loss is a disease.
B.To advocate getting sufficient sleep.
C.To tackle widespread sleep problem.
D.To prove happiness suffers from sleep debt.
√
写作意图题。通读全文，尤其由最后一段“Whether you are a sleep-deprived student，or workaholic，or just an old-fashioned insomniac (失眠症患者)，attending to sleep is a critical strategy for health and happiness.And adjusting this aspect of your life could be one of the best things you do all year.”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是提倡充足的睡眠。故选B。
解析
1.be onto sth 察觉到某事；发现某事的线索
2.according to 依照；按照
3.fall asleep 入睡
4.inattentive(派)＝in＋attentive adj.疏忽的；不注意的；不经心
5.bad-tempered(合)＝bad＋tempered adj.脾气不好的；易怒的
6.paper 熟义：n.纸 生义(文义)：n.论文；研究报告
7.onset n.开端；发生
8.class 熟义：n.班级 生义(文义)：v.把……归类/分类
词汇积累
1.A paper published in the journal Health Psychology in 2020 found that the participants without enough sleep experienced a less positive mood when they came across quite ordinary stress，and smaller increases in positive mood from pleasant events.
分析：此句为复合句。主语为A paper，过去分词短语“published in...in 2020”为其后置定语；that引导宾语从句，该从句中and连接两个并列宾语a less positive mood和smaller increases，还含有一个when引导的时间状语从句。
翻译：2020年发表在《健康心理学》期刊上的一篇论文发现，睡眠不足的参与者在遇到相当普通的压力时，积极情绪会有所下降，而在愉快的事件中，积极情绪的增加幅度也较小。
句式分析
2.Although no study has yet established a connection，it seems reasonable to think about whether the long-term declines in American happiness and increases in social conflicts may be connected to loss of sleep.
分析：此句为复合句。Although引导让步状语从句；主句中it为形式主语，to think about...是真正的主语；whether引导宾语从句。
翻译：虽然还没有研究确定两者之间的联系，但我们有理由去思考，美国人幸福感的长期下降和社会冲突的增加是否可能与睡眠不足有关。
(2025·广东阳江高二上期中)
Rehan Staton，a 24-year-old former cleaner，was admitted into Harvard Law School.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了24岁的前清洁工雷汉·斯塔顿在别人的帮助下，最终被哈佛大学法学院录取的故事。
Ⅳ.完形填空
Staton was raised by a single father who worked hard to 1 him and his brother.Growing up was tough and he used to 2 in school.
1.A.stand by B.object to C.provide for D.call on
2.A.entertain B.compete C.mature D.struggle
√
√
1.stand by支持；object to反对；provide for供养；call on号召。根据上文“Staton was raised by a single father who worked hard to”可知，父亲努力工作养活他和他的兄弟。故选C。
2.entertain娱乐；compete比赛；mature使成熟；struggle挣扎。根据后文“to a special education class”可知，老师建议他转到特殊教育班，说明他过去在学校里很挣扎。故选D。
解析
One teacher even suggested he 3 to a special education class.But under the 4 of a tutor，he ended up making the 5 roll.
3.A.listen B.switch C.yield D.refer
4.A.burden B.control C.protection D.guidance
5.A.honor B.pay C.class D.guest
√
√
√
3.listen听；switch转变；yield产生；refer参考。根据后文“to a special education class”可知，老师甚至建议他转到特殊教育班。故选B。
4.burden负担；control控制；protection保护；guidance指导。根据前文的“But”和后文“of a tutor，he ended up making the roll”可知，有了老师的指导，他最终进入了优秀生名单。故选D。
5.honor荣誉；pay工资；class班级；guest客人。根据上文“he ended up making the”可知，此处为短语honor roll，表示“(大、中学的)优秀生名单，光荣榜”。故选A。
解析
In high school，he used to be an athlete, 6 on martial arts and boxing.However，an injury ruined the 7 of him turning professional in sports，and he got 8 by every college he had applied to.
6.A.deciding B.taking C.focusing D.depending
7.A.luck B.interest C.fantasy D.chance
8.A.refused B.limited C.marked D.rated
√
√
√
6.decide决定；take带走；focus集中；depend依靠。根据后文“on martial arts and boxing”可知，他专注于武术和拳击。故选C。
7.luck运气；interest兴趣；fantasy幻想；chance机会。根据上文“an injury ruined the”可知，一次受伤毁了他成为职业运动员的机会。故选D。
8.refuse拒绝；limit限制；mark标记；rate评价。根据上文“an injury ruined the...in sports”可知，他因为受伤被大学拒绝了。故选A。
解析
Instead of pursuing higher education，Staton started working at Bates Trucking & Trash Removal to support his family.There，his co-workers 9 his spirits.Motivated by them，he 10 in Bowie State University in 2014，and in 2016，he 11 to the University of Maryland.Then，he took the Law School Admission Test(LSAT) and applied to nine schools.
9.A.woke B.lifted C.brought D.kept
10.A.entered B.settled C.trusted D.lectured
11.A.stuck B.attended C.transferred D.belonged
√
√
√
9.wake醒来；lift举起，振奋；bring带来；keep保持。根据后文“his spirits”以及“Motivated by them”可知，他的同事让他振作起来。故选B。
10.enter加入，进入；settle解决；trust信任；lecture训斥。根据后文“in Bowie State University in 2014”可知，他进入大学。故选A。
11.stick卡住；attend参加；transfer转学；belong属于。根据后文“to the University of Maryland”可知，他后来转去了别的大学。故选C。
解析
When reading the law school 12 emails，Staton and his friends were in shock and excitement. 13 ，Staton chose to attend Harvard Law School—and he’ll never forget all the 14 people who helped him get there.
12.A.charity B.acceptance C.promotion D.inquiry
13.A.Gradually B.Incredibly C.Eventually D.Literally
14.A.optimistic B.supportive C.thoughtful D.pleasant
√
√
√
12.charity慈善；acceptance录取，接受；promotion提拔；inquiry询问。根据后文“emails，Staton and his friends were in shock and excitement”可知，他和他朋友们的震惊和兴奋说明收到了录取邮件。故选B。
13.gradually逐渐地；incredibly难以置信地；eventually最后；literally字面地，确实地。根据后文“Staton chose to attend Harvard Law School”可知，他最终选择进入哈佛法学院。故选C。
14.optimistic乐观的；supportive支持的；thoughtful体贴的；pleasant令人愉快的。根据后文“people who helped him get there”可知，此处指他永远不会忘记所有支持他的人。故选B。
解析
“Throughout this time，people often ask me，‘How did you do it？’ It’s more so how could I not do it when everyone is breaking their 15 for me，and pushing for me to win，” he said.
back后背；leg腿；word话语；routine常规。根据上文“everyone is breaking their”以及“people who helped him get there”可知，此处指每个人都在尽力帮助他，短语break one’s back表示“全力以赴”。故选A。
解析
15.A.backs B.legs C.words D.routines
√
返 回
本课结束Period 2　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points
1．在……过程中over the course of
2．与……分享…… share...with...
3．在……中发挥关键作用play a critical role in
4．取决于depend on
5．感染某些疾病contract certain diseases
6．涉及，与……相关 relate to
7．一种……的有效方式an effective means of
8．对……做出改变make changes to
9．多种的，广泛的a wide range of
10．良好的听觉an excellent sense of hearing
11．在与疾病的斗争中in the fight against diseases
12．快速at a fast pace
13．阻止……做某事prevent/prohibit/keep...from doing sth
14．理解，弄清；想出；计算出figure out
15．(事物)肆意发展；(尤指小孩)肆意妄为，失去控制run wild
16．确保，设法保证；弄清楚make sure
17．对某人有利work to one’s advantage
18．失去控制out of control
19．在……的历史上 in the history of
affect vt.影响；侵袭，使感染；深深打动(effect n．效应；影响；效果 affection n．喜爱，感情 effective adj.有效的)
[教材原句P30]It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases.
它(基因组)还包含了有助于决定我们寿命长短和影响我们患某些疾病概率的信息。
[北师大版]It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth，including animals and plants.
显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。
·be affected by被……打动；受……影响 be affected with感染……疾病 ·have an effect on对……有影响 ·have a great affection for非常喜欢…… gain/win sb’s affection得到某人的喜爱
(1)My mother had a great affection(affect) for poetry when she retired，and published her first collection of poems.
(2)Affected by the stories of climate change，the student decided to take action and reduce her carbon footprint regardless of the difficulties.
[写作佳句]
(3)(2025·浙江1月，应用文写作)另一方面，如果管理不当，在校园内拍摄短视频可能会造成分心，影响我们的学习。
On the other hand，if not properly managed，filming short videos on campus may cause distractions and affect/have an effect on our study.
(4)她因她的善良和耐心赢得了学生的极大喜爱。
She has won great affection from the students/won the students’ great affection for her kindness and patience.
relate vt.& vi.联系，使有联系；叙述，讲述(related adj.相关的，有联系的 relation n．关系，联系；亲戚 relative n．亲戚，亲属 adj.比较的；相对的relationship n．关系)
[教材原句P30]Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases...
遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关……
[北师大版]Some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution.多种癌症与交通污染有关。
·relate to涉及，与……相关 relate A to B把A和B联系起来 relate sth to sb 给某人讲某事 ·be related to与……有关/有联系 ·in relation to关于，涉及；相对……而言
(1)You can identify the clues to the answer if you relate the results to the causes.
(2)We are committed to improving relations/relationships(relate) with all countries in the world，which turns out to be a success.
[写作佳句]
(3)(2024·浙江1月，应用文写作)我写这封信是想给你一些关于课间体育锻炼的建议。
I am writing to offer you some recommendations in relation to/relating to/(that/which are) related to physical exercise between classes.
means n．(pl.means)方法，方式；财富，钱财
[教材原句P30]．..as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.……因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段。
[人教版]Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past.汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。
a means of一种……的方式 by all means尽一切办法；务必；当然 by means of借助；依靠 by no means/not by any means决不，一点儿也不(置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装)
(1)Despite the fact that every means was used/had been used(use)，we still had difficulty tackling the problem.
(2)Without doubt，watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment.
[写作佳句]
(3)(话题写作之语言学习)英语是一种交流手段，在处理国际事务中起着至关重要的作用。因此，我们绝不能忽视语言学习。事实上，我们应该学会尽一切办法来掌握它。如果你有任何困难，你可以从借助词典来扩大你的词汇量开始。
English，which is a means of communication，plays a critical role in dealing with international affairs.As a consequence，by no means can we ignore the language learning.Actually，we should learn to master it by all means.If you have any difficulty，you can start with building up your vocabulary by means of a dictionary.
arise vi.(arose，arisen)出现，发生；(由……)引起，(因……)产生；起立；起身
[教材原句P31]As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace，however，questions arise about how to use it appropriately.然而，随着这一技术不断迅速发展，如何恰当地使用它成了问题。
[人教版]The next morning，the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise，passing through the Canadian Rockies.次日清晨，两个女孩早早起床，登上开往路易斯湖的火车，穿越加拿大落基山脉。
·arise from/out of由……引起；起因于 arise from从……上站起来 ·arise作“呈现；出现；发生”之意时，主语多为抽象名词，如：argument，problem，quarrel，question，movement等。
(1)By no means can the best judges deal with the quarrels between the madam and her husband arising(arise) from some small things in their daily life.
[写作佳句]
(2)(读后续写之动作链描写)他不能忍受这些残忍的言论，突然从他座位上站起来，冲出房子，消失在夜幕中。
Unable to tolerate these cruel remarks，he suddenly arose/rose from his seat，stormed out of the house and disappeared in the curtain of night.
易混辨析　
易混词 词性及词义
arise vi.(arose，arisen)发生，出现；(由……)引起，(因……)产生；起立；起身
rise vi.(rose，risen)上升；升起；增长；起立；站起来 n．增加，提高；上升；增强
raise vt.(raised，raised)提高；举起；提出；筹集；饲养；抚养
选词填空
(3)As is known to us all，the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
(4)With more and more people traveling abroad，it’s natural that various problems will arise.
(5)(话题写作之环境保护)Earth Day，marked on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness of environmental protection.
prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止；使不可能 (prohibition n．禁止；禁令)
[教材原句P31]Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies
我们是否应该禁止遗传学家使用它(基因组编辑技术)来使健康的身体更加强健？
[北师大版]You’re prohibited from hitting the other person with your head，shoulder or arm.
禁止你用头、肩膀或胳膊撞击另一个人。
prohibit doing sth禁止做某事，阻止做某事 prohibit sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事，禁止某人做某事
(1)There is a prohibition(prohibit) against selling alcohol to people under the age of 18.
(2)The government has introduced a law that will prohibit placing(place) tobacco advertisements on TV.
[写作佳句]
(3)(2022·全国甲，书面表达)我呼吁政府颁布一项非法狩猎的禁令。人们应该被禁止残忍地捕猎海洋动物。
I call on the government to introduce a prohibition against/on illegal hunting.People should be prohibited from hunting marine animals cruelly.
resistance n．抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗(resist vi.& vt.抵制；反抗；忍住 resistant adj.抵抗的，有抵抗力的)
[教材原句P31]One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance to colds and flu，to make people taller，to help their muscles develop faster，to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more intelligent.不久的将来，我们将能够利用基因组编辑来增强人类对感冒和流感的抵抗力，使人长得更高，帮助他们的肌肉更快地发育，使他们所有的感官更加敏锐，或者使他们更聪明。
·resist doing sth抵制做某事 can’t/couldn’t resist doing sth忍不住做某事 ·be resistant to对……有抵抗力；抵制
(1)The finding should lead to new strategies which help fight drug resistance(resist)．
(2)With the temperature rising to 37℃，all the students strongly resist switching(switch) off the air conditioner.
＝With the temperature rising to 37℃，all the students are strongly resistant(resist) to switching off the air conditioner.
[写作佳句]
(3)(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)窗户上的声音引起了我的注意，我忍不住踮起脚尖(tiptoe)走上前看看正发生什么事。
A noise at the window caught my attention and I couldn’t resist tiptoeing forward to see what was happening.
put sth in place 准备就绪
[教材原句P31]This means putting appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage.
这意味着适当的管制要准备到位，以确保基因组编辑会对我们有利。
in place在适当的位置；适当 out of place不在适当位置；不合适 in place of sb/sth＝in sb’s/sth’s place代替/顶替某人/某物 in the first place起初；第一 put yourself in sb’s place设身处地替别人着想；设想自己处于别人的境地 take the place of sb＝take sb’s place＝replace sb代替/替换某人 take place发生，举行
(1)Unable to come to the ceremony，he sent his son to accept the award in his(he) place.
(2)This measure，which is designed to limit the number of vehicles on the road，should be put in place right away.
一句多译
(3)在某种程度上，在许多工厂，机器人已被用来代替人。
①To a certain degree，robots have been used in place of human beings in many factories.
②To a certain degree，robots have been used to take the place of human beings in many factories.
[写作佳句]
(4)(应用文写作之活动介绍)辩论赛计划在铃声响后30分钟内在教室举行。
The debate competition is scheduled to take place in the classroom within 30 minutes after the bell rings.
(5)你应该偶尔设身处地为他着想，只有这样你才能了解他的处境，获得相互尊重。
You are supposed to put yourself in his shoes once in a while.Only in this way can you understand his situation and acquire mutual respect.
debate vt.& vi.讨论；辩论；仔细考虑，思考 n．讨论，争论；辩论
[教材原句P31]There is still much to be explored and debated on the subject of genome editing.
关于基因组编辑这一课题，仍有许多有待探索和争论的地方。
·debate with sb about/over/on...与某人讨论…… debate when/how/whether...讨论何时/如何/是否…… ·have/hold a debate about/over/on...举行关于……的讨论 under debate在讨论中；在辩论中 beyond/without debate无可争辩
(1)The committee will debate whether to lower the age of club membership to 16 or not.
(2)There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes.One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.
[写作佳句]
(3)(应用文写作之议论文)上周我们就市民是否可以免费进入科学博物馆展开了讨论。
Last week we had a debate about/on/over/we debated with each other about/on/over whether citizens can access the Science Museum free of charge.
(4)(读后续写之升华句)一个小小的善举会对我们周围的人产生巨大的影响，这一事实无可争辩。
It is a fact beyond/without debate that a small act of kindness makes a great difference to those around us.
without doubt 毫无疑问，的确
[教材原句P31]Without doubt，genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science.毫无疑问，基因组编辑是科学史上最伟大的创新之一。
·in doubt不确定，拿不准 There is no doubt that...毫无疑问…… ·doubt whether/if...怀疑是否……
(1)People doubt whether/if he can win the election for the president.
[写作佳句]
(2)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)我不确定地摇了摇头，我怀疑我是否会参加写作比赛。就在那时，我的老师走过来拍了拍我的肩膀，说：“永远不要怀疑你自己的能力。毫无疑问，你可以成为一个合格的参赛者。”
I shook my head in doubt and I doubted whether/if I would take part in the writing contest.It was at that time that my teacher approached me and patted me on the shoulder，saying，“Never doubt your own ability.Without doubt/There is no doubt that you can be a qualified competitor.”
as 作连词
[教材原句P31]As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace，however，questions arise about how to use it appropriately.
然而，随着基因组编辑技术不断迅速发展，如何恰当地利用这项技术成了问题。
[结构分析]　此句是复合句。as引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”；主句中“how to use it appropriately”是“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，作介词about的宾语。
as作为连词，除了引导时间状语从句，还有以下用法： ·引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”，与 because相似。 ·引导方式状语从句，表示“按照；以……方式；像……一样；正如”。 ·引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管；虽然”，但必须用倒装语序。 ·引导比较状语从句，其基本结构是as...as...。 ·引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如；正像”，常用于以下句型： as is often the case(这是常有的事)；as we expected(不出所料)；as is known to all/as we all know(众所周知)；as is mentioned above(如上所述)等。 注意：as也可作介词，表示“作为；像”。
(1)俗话说：“入乡随俗。”
As an old saying goes，“When in Rome，do as the Romans do.”
(2)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)尽管我既焦虑又担心，但我最终还是选择了参加写作比赛。因为我敬爱的老师不断指导和鼓励我，我创作了一篇完美的文章，我的脸上洋溢着兴奋的笑容。
Anxious and concerned as I was，I finally chose to take part in the writing contest.As my beloved teacher constantly guided and encouraged me，I created a perfect article and I beamed with excitement.
(3)随着生活节奏的不断加快，越来越多的人们受到各种疾病和健康问题的影响。
As the pace of life continues to increase，people are increasingly affected by various illnesses and health issues.
含蓄虚拟条件句
[教材原句P31]Without them，genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.
如果没有恰当的管制措施，基因组编辑可能会像失控的汽车一样危险。
[结构分析]　此句是简单句。without them是介词短语，相当于条件状语从句，句子主干使用了虚拟语气。
当without表示“如果没有”，谈论的是一种与事实相反的假设时，句子要用虚拟语气。without引导的短语相当于一个条件状语从句，句子的时态根据具体语境确定，一般遵循虚拟语气的时态规则： ·与过去事实相反，句子使用“would/could/might/should have done”。 ·与现在或将来事实相反，句子使用“would/could/might/should do”。 ·其他含蓄条件表达方法还有：otherwise/or(否则)，but for(要不是)等。
(1)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)没有您的科学指导和慷慨帮助，我不会在写作比赛中获得一等奖。
Without your scientific guidance and generous assistance，I wouldn’t have won first prize in the writing contest.
(2)如果没有我们的共同努力，我们不可能在这么短的时间内建成一个绿色校园。
But for our joint efforts，we couldn’t have built a green campus in such a short time.
(3)我已经为比赛做了充分的准备，否则我现在会陷入困境。
I have made full preparations for the competition，otherwise/or I would be trapped in difficulty now.
Ⅰ.短语填空
1．Actually，social media plays a critical role in(在……中发挥关键作用) influencing people’s opinions.
2．Before you start the meeting，everything should be put in place(准备就绪)．
3．Eventually，the new regulations will work to our advantage(对我们有利)．
4．Without doubt(毫无疑问)，the person who has the deepest effect on me is my dear mother.
5．Li Bai is considered to be one of the greatest poets in the history of(在……的历史上) Chinese poetry.
6．His remark doesn’t relate to(与……相关) the topic under discussion.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．得知您患了重感冒，我们深感遗憾，祝您早日康复。
Learning that you are affected with a bad cold，we feel deeply sorry for you，wishing you a speedy recovery.
2．检查孩子的作业绝不是父母的责任。
It is by no means/By no means is it parents’ duty to go through the kids’ assignments.
3．(应用文写作之求助信)作为一名交换生，我在学习英语方面有一些困难，所以请给我一些建议。
As an exchange student，I have some difficulty in studying English，so please offer me some proposals.
作业2　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points
[分值：68分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．He developed a wide range of interests under the influence of his parents.
2．I doubt whether/if the leaders of the council will applaud my proposals.
3.Ultimately I was fully aware of the problem which was related(relate) to genes.
4．The country’s present difficulties literally arise from the reduced value of its money.
5．The suggestion relating to railway construction is still under debate at a formal conference.
6．As is always the case with language learning，Mandarin learning also calls for lots of practice.
7．Witnessing his unselfish behaviour，I couldn’t resist crying(cry)，determined to learn from him.
8．Without Mom’s encouragement，I wouldn’t have become a successful narrator in the competition.
9．Every means has been tried(try) up to now，but we still can’t come up with a good way to handle the current dilemma.
10．To wrestle with pollution，everyone should be prohibited(prohibit) from throwing away rubbish here and there.
Ⅱ.主题微写作(共6小题；每小题3分，满分18分)
1．在你的上一封信中，你要求提供与基因组编辑有关的信息，我想与你分享一些。(形容词短语作定语)
In your last letter，you asked for information related to genome editing，so I would like to share some with you.
2．众所周知，基因组编辑被认为是一项颠覆性的技术，影响疾病治疗。(as引导定语从句；现在分词短语作定语)
As is known to us all/As we all know，genome editing is considered as a game-changing technology，affecting disease treatment.
3．恢复盲人的视力或纠正异常基因可以通过基因组编辑来完成。(by means of)
Restoring a blind person’s vision or correcting abnormal genes can be done by means of genome editing.
4．尽管基因组编辑是有益的，但它也会引起一些道德问题。(as引导让步状语从句)
Beneficial as genome editing is，some moral issues will arise from it.
5．因此，必须禁止科学家们利用基因组编辑创造“设计婴儿”。(prohibit)
Therefore，scientists must be prohibited from using genome editing to create “designer babies”．
6．综上所述，应该对如何发展基因组编辑设置一些限制。(特殊疑问词＋to do)
To sum up，some restrictions should be placed on how to develop genome editing.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·山东滨州高二上期末)
Over the last decade，some European countries and the U．S.have replaced high-energy sodium streetlights with energy-saving LED lights which emit blue light.Although this is in response to the critical need to use less energy and reduce carbon emission，there are growing concerns that blue light may have a negative impact on human health that we don’t yet fully understand.
Earlier this year，the World Journal of Biological Psychiatry published a paper that warned of the potential effects of LED lighting on mental illnesses.It raised concerns about the influence of blue light on sleep，use of digital healthcare apps and devices，and the higher sensitivity to blue light.
“I had already clearly seen that additional blue light exposure was extremely helpful to patients with depression.What I was slower to realize was that too much and poorly-timed exposure could have harmful effects on mental states and the sleep-wake cycle，” said John Gottlieb，Professor of Psychiatry and author of the paper.
As we all know，melatonin(褪黑激素) is fundamental in setting regular biological clock.According to the paper，however，blue light prevents melatonin secretion(分泌)，which disturbs sleep and affects quality of life，physical and mental health.Besides，it also shows a clear and consistent relationship between sleep disorders and frequency of digital device usage.If a person is prescribed a self-monitoring app，and instructed to use their smartphone to document mood changes，for example，and they do this before bed，it could do harm to their sleep and health.
Consequently，the National Sleep Foundation guidelines suggest not using technology 30 minutes before bed and removing technology from the bedroom.However，there are no specific guidelines for people with a potential mental illness.Now，scientists，health professionals and the LED industry are working to minimize the blue light in LED bulbs and create personalized lights that won’t harm those suffering from mental disorders.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了LED照明中的蓝光对人类健康的潜在影响，特别是对睡眠和精神状态的影响，以及人们正在努力减少这种影响。
1．What’s the purpose of paragraph 1
A．To present the topic of blue light.
B．To give an example of streetlights.
C．To criticize the use of blue light.
D．To compare two kinds of lights.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Although this is in response to the critical need to use less energy and reduce carbon emission，there are growing concerns that blue light may have a negative impact on human health that we don’t yet fully understand.”以及全文内容可知，文章第一段旨在提出本文的主题——蓝光是否对人类的健康有影响。故选A。
2．Which statement is TRUE according to Gottlieb’s paper
A．People should keep away from digital devices.
B．Mental diseases are possibly caused by LED lights.
C．Blue light has practical applications in medical field.
D．Gottlieb initially realized the harmful effects of blue light.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“I had already clearly seen that additional blue light exposure was extremely helpful to patients with depression.”可知，论文作者Gottlied认为额外的蓝光照射对抑郁症患者非常有帮助，也就是蓝光在医疗领域有实际应用。故选C。
3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A．Melatonin is vital to regular sleep.
B．How blue light affects human health.
C．Why smartphones shouldn’t be used before sleep.
D．Sleep disorders are related to digital device usage.
答案　B
解析　段落大意题。根据文章第四段“As we all know，melatonin(褪黑激素) is fundamental in setting regular biological clock...If a person is prescribed a self-monitoring app，and instructed to use their smartphone to document mood changes，for example，and they do this before bed，it could do harm to their sleep and health.”可知，第四段主要讲述的是蓝光如何影响人类健康。故选B。
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Is Blue Light Making Us Ill
B．Can We Get Rid of Blue Light
C．Why Does Blue Light Hurt Our Health
D．How Do We Benefit from LED Lights
答案　A
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据文章第一段和第二段内容可知，文章主要讨论了LED照明中的蓝光对人类健康的潜在影响，特别是对睡眠和精神状态的影响。故选A。
B(此篇精读)
(2025·福建龙岩高二上期末)
When Shakespeare called a good night’s rest the “cure of hurt minds”，he was really onto something.According to a recent survey，“Most days or every day” in 2020，nearly 15 percent of American adults had trouble falling asleep in the previous month.So you’re a little sleepy—no big deal，right Wrong.A 1999 article in the medical journal The Lancet showed and decades of research suggest that “sleep debt” can have significant harmful effects on your health.
Happiness is the first to suffer.Everyone knows what it feels like to run on insufficient(不足的) sleep—you can be foggy，inattentive，and bad-tempered.A paper published in the journal Health Psychology in 2020 found that the participants without enough sleep experienced a less positive mood when they came across quite ordinary stress，and smaller increases in positive mood from pleasant events.When lacking sleep，people felt annoyed more and easier，and things feel less fun.
More seriously，sleep loss can cause clinical depression and anxiety.In 2014，Australian scholars studying young women found that a year of frequent sleep difficulties predicted the onset of depression and anxiety in later years.
Some researchers have identified long-time sleep debt as a disease—insufficient sleep syndrome(ISS)．Given the reported evidence for how widespread the syndrome is，it might even be classed as an epidemic.Although no study has yet established a connection，it seems reasonable to think about whether the long-term declines in American happiness and increases in social conflicts may be connected to loss of sleep.
Whether you are a sleep-deprived student，or workaholic，or just an old-fashioned insomniac(失眠症患者)，attending to sleep is a critical strategy for health and happiness.And adjusting this aspect of your life could be one of the best things you do all year.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了睡眠不足对人的健康产生的重大有害影响，并提倡充足的睡眠。
5．Why does the author mention Shakespeare
A．To show Shakespeare’s wisdom.
B．To introduce the topic of sleep loss.
C．To highlight a serious health problem.
D．To give reported evidence of sleep debt.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段“When Shakespeare called a good night’s rest the ‘cure of hurt minds’，he was really onto something...A 1999 article in the medical journal The Lancet showed and decades of research suggest that ‘sleep debt’ can have significant harmful effects on your health.”可推知，作者提到莎士比亚是为了引出睡眠不足的话题。故选B。
6．What does the paper in Health Psychology tell us about insufficient sleep
A．It made people feel negative.
B．It led to poor eyesight.
C．It caused depression and anxiety.
D．It was not worth much concern.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“A paper published in the journal Health Psychology in 2020 found that the participants without enough sleep experienced a less positive mood when they came across quite ordinary stress，and smaller increases in positive mood from pleasant events.When lacking sleep，people felt annoyed more and easier，and things feel less fun.”可知，《健康心理学》上的论文告诉我们，睡眠不足让人们感到消极。故选A。
7．What can we learn from paragraph 4
A．Reduction of happiness is linked to sleep loss.
B．Long-term lack of sleep is not a disease.
C．Sleep debt might affect both individuals and the society.
D．Insufficient sleep syndrome is a recognized epidemic.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段“Some researchers have identified long-time sleep debt as a disease—insufficient sleep syndrome(ISS)．..Although no study has yet established a connection，it seems reasonable to think about whether the long-term declines in American happiness and increases in social conflicts may be connected to loss of sleep.”可推知，我们可以从第四段中了解到，睡眠不足可能影响个人和社会。故选C。
8．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text
A．To confirm sleep loss is a disease.
B．To advocate getting sufficient sleep.
C．To tackle widespread sleep problem.
D．To prove happiness suffers from sleep debt.
答案　B
解析　写作意图题。通读全文，尤其由最后一段“Whether you are a sleep-deprived student，or workaholic，or just an old-fashioned insomniac(失眠症患者)，attending to sleep is a critical strategy for health and happiness.And adjusting this aspect of your life could be one of the best things you do all year.”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是提倡充足的睡眠。故选B。
[词汇积累] 1．be onto sth 察觉到某事；发现某事的线索 2．according to 依照；按照 3．fall asleep 入睡 4．inattentive(派)＝in＋attentive adj.疏忽的；不注意的；不经心 5．bad-tempered(合)＝bad＋tempered adj.脾气不好的；易怒的 6．paper 熟义：n.纸 生义(文义)：n.论文；研究报告 7．onset n．开端；发生 8．class 熟义：n.班级 生义(文义)：v.把……归类/分类 [句式分析] 1．A paper published in the journal Health Psychology in 2020 found that the participants without enough sleep experienced a less positive mood when they came across quite ordinary stress，and smaller increases in positive mood from pleasant events. 分析：此句为复合句。主语为A paper，过去分词短语“published in...in 2020”为其后置定语；that引导宾语从句，该从句中and连接两个并列宾语a less positive mood和smaller increases，还含有一个when引导的时间状语从句。 翻译：2020年发表在《健康心理学》期刊上的一篇论文发现，睡眠不足的参与者在遇到相当普通的压力时，积极情绪会有所下降，而在愉快的事件中，积极情绪的增加幅度也较小。 2．Although no study has yet established a connection，it seems reasonable to think about whether the long-term declines in American happiness and increases in social conflicts may be connected to loss of sleep. 分析：此句为复合句。Although引导让步状语从句；主句中it为形式主语，to think about...是真正的主语；whether引导宾语从句。 翻译：虽然还没有研究确定两者之间的联系，但我们有理由去思考，美国人幸福感的长期下降和社会冲突的增加是否可能与睡眠不足有关。
Ⅳ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·广东阳江高二上期中)
Rehan Staton，a 24-year-old former cleaner，was admitted into Harvard Law School.Staton was raised by a single father who worked hard to 1 him and his brother.Growing up was tough and he used to 2 in school.One teacher even suggested he 3 to a special education class.But under the 4 of a tutor，he ended up making the 5 roll.
In high school，he used to be an athlete, 6 on martial arts and boxing.However，an injury ruined the 7 of him turning professional in sports，and he got 8 by every college he had applied to.Instead of pursuing higher education，Staton started working at Bates Trucking & Trash Removal to support his family.There，his co-workers 9 his spirits.Motivated by them，he 10 in Bowie State University in 2014，and in 2016，he 11 to the University of Maryland.Then，he took the Law School Admission Test(LSAT) and applied to nine schools.
When reading the law school 12 emails，Staton and his friends were in shock and excitement. 13 ，Staton chose to attend Harvard Law School—and he’ll never forget all the 14 people who helped him get there.
“Throughout this time，people often ask me，‘How did you do it？’ It’s more so how could I not do it when everyone is breaking their 15 for me，and pushing for me to win，” he said.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了24岁的前清洁工雷汉·斯塔顿在别人的帮助下，最终被哈佛大学法学院录取的故事。
1．A.stand by B．object to
C．provide for D．call on
答案　C
解析　stand by支持；object to反对；provide for供养；call on号召。根据上文“Staton was raised by a single father who worked hard to”可知，父亲努力工作养活他和他的兄弟。故选C。
2．A.entertain B．compete
C．mature D．struggle
答案　D
解析　entertain娱乐；compete比赛；mature使成熟；struggle挣扎。根据后文“to a special education class”可知，老师建议他转到特殊教育班，说明他过去在学校里很挣扎。故选D。
3．A.listen B．switch
C．yield D．refer
答案　B
解析　listen听；switch转变；yield产生；refer参考。根据后文“to a special education class”可知，老师甚至建议他转到特殊教育班。故选B。
4．A.burden B．control
C．protection D．guidance
答案　D
解析　burden负担；control控制；protection保护；guidance指导。根据前文的“But”和后文“of a tutor，he ended up making the roll”可知，有了老师的指导，他最终进入了优秀生名单。故选D。
5．A.honor B．pay
C．class D．guest
答案　A
解析　honor荣誉；pay工资；class班级；guest客人。根据上文“he ended up making the”可知，此处为短语honor roll，表示“(大、中学的)优秀生名单，光荣榜”。故选A。
6．A.deciding B．taking
C．focusing D．depending
答案　C
解析　decide决定；take带走；focus集中；depend依靠。根据后文“on martial arts and boxing”可知，他专注于武术和拳击。故选C。
7．A.luck B．interest
C．fantasy D．chance
答案　D
解析　luck运气；interest兴趣；fantasy幻想；chance机会。根据上文“an injury ruined the”可知，一次受伤毁了他成为职业运动员的机会。故选D。
8．A.refused B．limited
C．marked D．rated
答案　A
解析　refuse拒绝；limit限制；mark标记；rate评价。根据上文“an injury ruined the...in sports”可知，他因为受伤被大学拒绝了。故选A。
9．A.woke B．lifted
C．brought D．kept
答案　B
解析　wake醒来；lift举起，振奋；bring带来；keep保持。根据后文“his spirits”以及“Motivated by them”可知，他的同事让他振作起来。故选B。
10．A.entered B．settled
C．trusted D．lectured
答案　A
解析　enter加入，进入；settle解决；trust信任；lecture训斥。根据后文“in Bowie State University in 2014”可知，他进入大学。故选A。
11．A.stuck B．attended
C．transferred D．belonged
答案　C
解析　stick卡住；attend参加；transfer转学；belong属于。根据后文“to the University of Maryland”可知，他后来转去了别的大学。故选C。
12．A.charity B．acceptance
C．promotion D．inquiry
答案　B
解析　charity慈善；acceptance录取，接受；promotion提拔；inquiry询问。根据后文“emails，Staton and his friends were in shock and excitement”可知，他和他朋友们的震惊和兴奋说明收到了录取邮件。故选B。
13．A.Gradually B．Incredibly
C．Eventually D．Literally
答案　C
解析　gradually逐渐地；incredibly难以置信地；eventually最后；literally字面地，确实地。根据后文“Staton chose to attend Harvard Law School”可知，他最终选择进入哈佛法学院。故选C。
14．A.optimistic B．supportive
C．thoughtful D．pleasant
答案　B
解析　optimistic乐观的；supportive支持的；thoughtful体贴的；pleasant令人愉快的。根据后文“people who helped him get there”可知，此处指他永远不会忘记所有支持他的人。故选B。
15．A.backs B．legs
C．words D．routines
答案　A
解析　back后背；leg腿；word话语；routine常规。根据上文“everyone is breaking their”以及“people who helped him get there”可知，此处指每个人都在尽力帮助他，短语break one’s back表示“全力以赴”。故选A。

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