资源简介

(共69张PPT)
Period 3
Grammar and usage—Appositive clauses
Protecting our heritage sites
Unit 4
内容索引
情境导读
语法精讲
作业3
达标检测
情境导读
阅读以下短文，找出含有同位语从句的句子，并画出连接词。
The Abu Simbel temples in Egypt are thousands of years old and it took decades to build them.There are divisions among historians over when exactly the construction of the twin temples started，but no one can deny the fact that they were constructed in the 13th century BCE.In the mid-20th century，the temples were under serious threat.The government had decided to build the Aswan High Dam on the Nile and this structure would cause water levels to rise，which could in turn flood the Abu Simbel temples.This decision caused widespread concern among people around the world.They could not prevent the construction of the dam and they had no idea whether the temples could be saved from the rising waters.
Some experts，however，had a feeling that it was possible.UNESCO put together an international team of architects，engineers and heavy equipment operators，who looked at different ways of saving the temples.At first，they had no idea which way could work.Finally，they decided to try to take the temples apart，move their parts to a new location and then put them back together.There was no guarantee that it would work，since no one had attempted anything similar before.Furthermore，the experts had no clue whether any parts of the temples would break during transport.However，the operation was carefully planned and the team eventually managed to relocate all of the Abu Simbel temples without incident.
This success demonstrates the power of international cooperation in times of crisis.It is difficult to forecast what threats our heritage sites will face in the future，but we have the belief that we will need this kind of cooperation in heritage preservation.
答案　1....，but no one can deny the fact that they were constructed in the 13th century BCE.
2....and they had no idea whether the temples could be saved from the rising waters.
3.Some experts，however，had a feeling that it was possible.
4.At first，they had no idea which way could work.
5.There was no guarantee that it would work，since no one had attempted anything similar before.
6.Furthermore，the experts had no clue whether any parts of the temples would break during transport.
7....，but we have the belief that we will need this kind of cooperation in heritage preservation.
返 回
语法精讲
同位语从句
一、定义
在主从复合句中，跟在一个名词(尤其是抽象名词)后对其作出进一步解释说明的从句叫同位语从句。常见的能跟同位语从句的名词有fact，news，idea，doubt，truth，hope，problem，information，wish，promise，answer，evidence，report，explanation，suggestion，conclusion等。
There is no doubt that the assistant is fit for this job.
毫无疑问，这名助理适合这份工作。
I have no idea where their wedding is to be held.Maybe in the hotel，I think.
我不知道他们的婚礼将在哪里举行。我想也许在酒店里吧。
二、同位语从句的引导词
类别 例词 说明
从属 连词 that，whether 二者均在从句中不作成分；that无实义，whether意为“是否”
连接 代词 who，whom，whose，what，which等 有实义，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分
连接 副词 when，where，why，how等 有实义，在从句中作时间、地点、原因、方式状语等成分
I’ve come to the conclusion that it is unwise to insist on your view in such circumstances.
我得出结论，在这种情况下坚持你的观点是不明智的。
He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves around the sun.
他提到了哥白尼的“地球绕太阳转”的说法。
The users of smartwatches have brought up some doubt whether their privacy will be violated.
智能手表用户对自己的隐私是否会受到侵犯提出了一些疑问。
The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money for our research.
我们是否有足够的钱进行我们的研究，这个问题在会议上被提出来了。
The question who should do the job requires considering/to be considered.
谁应该做这项工作的问题还需考虑。
I have no idea what has happened to the captain in the past several years.
我不知道在过去几年里这名船长遭遇了什么。
I haven’t answered the question how I will deal with the urgent situation.
我还没有回答我将如何应对这个紧急的情况。
The decision when we should get started hasn’t been made.
我们什么时候开始还没有决定。
三、同位语从句的注意事项
1.分隔式同位语从句
有时同位语从句与其所解释说明的名词会被其他成分隔开，从而形成分隔式同位语从句，这样做主要是为了保持句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻。
Word came that some wolves were caught around that village.
有消息传来说在那个村子周围捕获了几匹狼。
2.同位语从句中虚拟语气的运用
名词suggestion，order，demand，command，request，desire，proposal等后的同位语从句要使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
The suggestion that the new rule (should) be adopted came from the chairman.
采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。
Do you know his command that we (should) start our work right now
你知道他命令我们立即开始工作吗？
3.名词doubt(怀疑)后可跟同位语从句，若用于肯定句中时用whether引导；若用于否定句中时则用that引导。
There is some doubt whether they will come to help us.他们是否会来帮助我们还不确定。
There is no doubt that everyone has the right to choose his own way of living.
毫无疑问，人人都有选择自己生活方式的权利。
4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1)同位语从句解释说明前面的名词的具体内容，用连接词引导，不可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰和限定，用关系词引导，在句中充当一定的句子成分，关系词作宾语时可以省略。
(2)同位语从句大多是说明抽象名词，而定语从句所修饰的词没有限制。
The fact that the Chinese people invented the compass is known to all.
中国人发明了指南针，这个事实是众所周知的。(同位语从句，fact和从句没有逻辑关系，that也不作成分)
The fact that we talked about is very important.
我们谈论的那个事实很重要。(定语从句，fact是talked about的逻辑宾语)
返 回
达标检测
The news 1. Tom failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.However，when they asked Tom the question 2. he had the confidence to succeed，Tom said yes and expressed his hope 3._____he would make progress soon.Now they hold the firm belief 4.____ he can achieve success sooner or later，because they know the fact 5.____ failure is the mother of success.
that
Ⅰ.阅读下面短文，用适当的连接词填空
whether
that
that
that
1.科学家们已经获得塑料正在进入人体的更多证据。
Scientists have obtained into the human body.
2.毫无疑问，我和外国人交流没有任何问题。
for me to communicate with foreigners.
3.她突然想到她离开家的时候可能忘记关门了。
The thought came to her when she left home.
Ⅱ.用同位语从句完成句子
more evidence that plastic is finding its way
There is no doubt that there is not any problem
that maybe she had left the door open
4.我们给这些小狗搭一处庇护所的建议是我的侄女提出的。
The proposal came from my niece.
5.我许诺说我一到北京就给他写信。
as soon as I got to Beijing.
返 回
that we (should) build a shelter for these puppies
I made a promise that I would write to him
作业3
1.Experts hold the opinion a small amount of stress can be good in exams.
2.There is still some doubt the autumn sports meeting can be held as scheduled.
3.There is no doubt staying up is more likely to result in anxiety.
4.I have no idea wine is best—it’s a matter of personal taste.
5.The question will take his place is still not clear at the moment.
6.We haven’t yet settled the question we are going over the weekend.
that
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空
whether
that
which
who
where
7.Li Ping repeated her request we should share the cost.
8.An idea occurred to him he might go there by air.
9.—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday
—Yeah，but I have no idea he did that；that’s one of his favorite universities.
10.We can’t solve the problem we can travel faster than light at present.
that
that
why
how
1.怎样才能筹集到足够的钱，这个问题我们还没有解决。
We haven’t yet settled the question .
2.我们是否需要更多时间去完成这项工作，这个问题还没有被讨论。
The question has not been discussed yet.
3.有消息传来说你在英语演讲比赛中得了第一名。
Word came in the English Speech Contest.
Ⅱ.用同位语从句补全句子
how we can raise enough money
whether we need more time to finish the work
that you won first prize
4.通过上面的讨论，我们可以得出结论：如果你想实现目标，你一定要自信。
From what has been discussed above，we may draw the conclusion __________________________________________________________.
5.他们的同情心和同理心给他们上了宝贵的一课，即以善良和尊重的态度对待动物会创造一个充满爱与和谐的世界。
Their compassion and empathy taught them the invaluable lesson _____________________________________________________________________________.
that you must have self-confidence if you want to achieve your goal
that treating animals with kindness and respect creates a world of love and harmony
A
Visitors to Wolfe’s printing shop can’t miss the statuesque hand-press machine that stands tall near the front door.There，Wolfe makes beautiful books，prints，posters and more.Rather than using new technologies，Wolfe prints the way people did in the 15th century：Letters are cast in lead，then locked together，inked and pressed into paper.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文，主要讲了Wolfe坚持使用古老的印刷方式，渴望保存并将这一传统技术传给下一代的故事。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
Wolfe typically juggles several projects at once.On a recent afternoon，he has just paused production while waiting for a shipment of handmade paper.He was then using the time instead to create designs for another project.He might also be teaming up with artist and friend Hewitt to design a poster for an anniversary.Letterpress printing(凸版印刷) couldn’t be more tedious.Every piece of type has to be placed by hand and then put away piece by piece when done to be reused for future projects.But Wolfe showed no sign of impatience.
Hewitt，who has known Wolfe for 20 years，has cooperated with him non-multiplex projects.Hewitt recalled a project he and Wolfe worked on together：a “Hopeful” sign on the roof of a nonprofit gallery.Hewitt intended to find a modern printer to facilitate the process.Wolfe，however，was pleased with the design by himself.
Wolfe now works with both modern-day printers and machines that are hundreds of years old.His letterpress and hot-metal casting machines，about 10 in all，fill his spacious shop.Despite their age and frequent use，the devices appear well cared for.Each one has a story，which Wolfe enjoys sharing.
Lately，Wolfe has been mentoring an apprentice(学徒)，a student from nearby college of art and design，who shares his taste for tedium.He says it’s important for the printmaker(版画家) to preserve and transmit the traditional techniques to a new generation.“The computer didn’t kill my business.It made it stronger，” Wolfe says.“The product I make is high-end.A finely printed book is a beautiful object and a reminder of the past when books were vital keepers of information.”
1.What do we know about Wolfe
A.He is an amateur printer.
B.He is a collector of old books.
C.He is a skillful craftsman.
D.He is a follower of new fashions.
√
推理判断题。根据第一段中“There，Wolfe makes beautiful books...then locked together，inked and pressed into paper.(在那里，Wolfe制作精美的书籍、印刷品、海报等。Wolfe没有使用新技术，而是沿用15世纪人们的印刷方式：先用铅浇铸字母，然后锁在一起，上墨水，压成纸)”可知，Wolfe是一个技艺精湛的工匠，故选C。
解析
2.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “tedious” in paragraph 2
A.Boring. B.Pleasing.
C.Dissatisfying. D.Labor-saving.
√
词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“Every piece of type has to be placed by hand and then put away piece by piece when done to be reused for future projects.(每一块字体都必须手工放置，然后在完成后一块一块地收起来，以便在未来的项目中再次使用)”可知，凸版印刷是一项无聊的工作，tedious意为“无聊的”，故选A。
解析
3.Why is Hewitt’s project with Wolfe mentioned in paragraph 3
A.To introduce their jobs.
B.To emphasize the working style of Wolfe.
C.To clarify their relationship.
D.To share the artistic achievements of Wolfe.
√
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Hewitt recalled a project...Wolfe，however，was pleased with the design by himself.(Hewitt回忆起他和Wolfe一起合作过的一个项目：在一家非营利画廊的屋顶上挂一个‘充满希望’的标志。Hewitt打算找一台现代的打印机来简化这一过程。然而，Wolfe对自己的设计很满意)”可知，本段提到Hewitt和Wolfe的合作项目是为了强调Wolfe的工作风格，故选B。
解析
4.What motivates Wolfe’s printing career
A.His love for the modern techniques.
B.His desire to pass down letterpressing.
C.His determination to beat computer.
D.His preference for the traditional equipment.
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“He says it’s important for the printmaker(版画家) to preserve and transmit the traditional techniques to a new generation.(他说，对于版画家来说，保存并将传统技术传给下一代是很重要的)”可知，将凸版印刷传承下去的渴望激励着Wolfe的印刷事业，故选B。
解析
√
B(此篇精读)
The tea that has delighted and fascinated the world for thousands of years has finally received top-level① global recognition as a shared cultural treasure of mankind.China’s traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices was added on Tuesday(November 29,2022) to the intangible(非物质的) cultural heritage list of the United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization(UNESCO).
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。中国传统制茶技艺及其相关习俗被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录，文章介绍了中国茶叶产品种类和传统加工工艺及相关茶文化等。
The traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China consist of knowledge，skills and practices concerning the management of tea plantations，picking of tea leaves，manual(手工的) processing，drinking and sharing of tea.Since ancient times，Chinese people have been planting，picking，making and drinking tea.Tea producers have developed six categories of tea：green，yellow，dark，white，oolong and black teas.Together with reprocessed teas，such as flower-scented② teas，there are over 2,000 tea products in China.
Tea-related customs are not only found across the country，but also influence the rest of the world through the ancient Silk Road and trade routes.Tea is ubiquitous in Chinese people’s daily life，as steeped(浸泡) or boiled tea is served in families，workplaces，tea houses，and restaurants，etc.It is also an important part of socialization and ceremonies such as weddings and sacrifices.The practice of greeting guests and building relationships within families and among neighbors through tea-related activities is common to multiple ethnic groups，providing a sense of shared identity and continuity for the communities.
In China,44 registered national-level intangible cultural heritage entries are related to tea.There are over 40 vocational③ colleges and 80 universities that have set up majors in tea science or tea culture，resulting in over 3,000 graduates specializing in tea production and art every year，according to the ministry.
China now has 43 items on the intangible cultural heritage list，continuing to be the most enlisted country in the world.
5.What can be learnt from the passage
A.Chinese tea producers developed 44 categories of tea.
B.Tea is quite popular with people all over the world.
C.More than 2,000 tea products could be found in China.
D.There’re about 300 graduates specializing in tea production every year.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Together with reprocessed teas，such as flower-scented teas，there are over 2,000 tea products in China.(加上花茶等再加工茶叶，中国有2 000多种茶叶产品)”可知，在中国可以找到2 000多种茶叶产品。故选C。
解析
6.What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Rare. B.Common.
C.Temporary. D.Available.
词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“as steeped(浸泡)or boiled tea is served in families...an important part of socialization and ceremonies such as weddings and sacrifices(泡茶或煮茶在家、工作场所、茶馆和餐馆等场所都有供应。它也是社交和婚礼、祭祀等仪式的重要组成部分)”可推知，茶在中国人的日常生活中是常见的，故画线词ubiquitous与common意思相近。故选B。
解析
√
7.How does the author emphasize the promotion of tea culture in paragraph 4
A.By listing figures.
B.By making definitions.
C.By giving examples.
D.By making comparisons.
√
推理判断题。根据第四段中“In China,44 registered national-level intangible cultural heritage entries are related to tea...and art every year(在中国，有44个国家级非物质文化遗产项目与茶有关。有40多所职业院校和80多所大学开设了茶学或茶文化专业，每年有3 000多名专业从事茶叶生产和艺术的毕业生)”可知，本段通过列数字来强调茶文化的推广。故选A。
解析
8.In which kind of book may this text appear
A.A textbook.
B.A travel journal.
C.A story book.
D.A cultural magazine.
文章出处题。根据全文内容可知，本文介绍了中国传统制茶技艺及其相关习俗被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录，同时介绍了中国茶叶产品种类和传统加工工艺及相关茶文化等，因此本文可能出自一本文化杂志。故选D。
解析
√
①top-level(合)＝top＋level adj. ___________________
②flower-scented(合)＝flower＋scented adj. _________________
③vocational(派)＝vocation＋al adj. ___________________
语境猜词
最重要的，最优秀的
有花香的；花香的
职业的；职业技术的
There are over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities that have set up majors in tea science or tea culture，resulting in over 3,000 graduates specializing in tea production and art every year，according to the ministry.
分析：此句为 句。that引导 从句，40 vocational colleges and 80 universities为先行词，that在从句中充当 ；resulting in...为现在分词短语作 ；specializing in...为现在分词短语作 ，修饰名词__________。
翻译：________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
句式分析
据该部门称，有 40 多所职业院校和 80 所大学开设了茶学或茶文化专业，每年培养出3 000多名专攻茶叶生产和茶艺的毕业生。
复合
定语
主语
结果状语
后置定语
graduates
Some children love reading，some dislike it，and many are in between.Most children and adults are drawn to reading materials that are engaging and understandable.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些培养孩子的阅读能力的策略。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读
A.Create literature with your child.
B.Ask your child to make up stories.
C.Compare how they are similar and how they are different.
D.Have your child read a book and then check out the video version of the book.
E.But your child will eventually have to read uninteresting or complicated
materials.
F.It teaches your child to self-correct and also reduces their fear of dealing
with difficult words.
G.Consider making flashcards of these words and guessing the meanings
before finding the definition.
√
1 So building reading abilities is always a good idea.
上文提到大多数人喜欢有趣的、易懂的材料，结合下文“So building reading abilities is always a good idea.”可知，空处应描写培养阅读能力的理由，E项“但是你的孩子最终将不得不阅读无趣或复杂的材料。”与下文形成因果关系，承上启下，符合语境。故选E项。
解析
As a parent，you can help your child develop reading skills with enjoyable activities，some of which you might not have thought of as reading enrichment.Here are some easy reading strategies for parents to use at home.
2 When your child creates a story out loud or in written form，
A.Create literature with your child.
B.Ask your child to make up stories.
C.Compare how they are similar and how they are different.
D.Have your child read a book and then check out the video version of the book.
E.But your child will eventually have to read uninteresting or complicated
materials.
F.It teaches your child to self-correct and also reduces their fear of dealing
with difficult words.
G.Consider making flashcards of these words and guessing the meanings
before finding the definition.
√
空处应作为本段的主旨句，概括段落大意。下文描写让孩子创作故事，是对空处的解释说明。B项“让你的孩子编故事。”与下文呼应，符合语境。故选B项。
解析
you can prompt more specific vocabulary and encourage your child to dive into descriptive details.This activity provides practice for thinking through logical sequences(顺序)and may motivate curiosity as a child looks for books in similar settings.
Compare books to films. 3 Talk about the similarities and differences between the two mediums.
A.Create literature with your child.
B.Ask your child to make up stories.
C.Compare how they are similar and how they are different.
D.Have your child read a book and then check out the video version of the book.
E.But your child will eventually have to read uninteresting or complicated
materials.
F.It teaches your child to self-correct and also reduces their fear of dealing
with difficult words.
G.Consider making flashcards of these words and guessing the meanings
before finding the definition.
√
上文“Compare books to films.”建议把不同的媒介相比较，D项“让你的孩子读一本书，然后看看这本书的视频版本。”对上文进一步阐述，承接上文，符合语境。故选D项。
解析
What did you each like or dislike about each form Did your child prefer the book or the movie，and why
Encourage curiosity about vocabulary.As your child reads books，it’s suggested that you look up difficult or unfamiliar words in the dictionary together.
4 This builds the skill of inference(推理)，which is thinking through the possible answers based on the context.
A.Create literature with your child.
B.Ask your child to make up stories.
C.Compare how they are similar and how they are different.
D.Have your child read a book and then check out the video version of the book.
E.But your child will eventually have to read uninteresting or complicated
materials.
F.It teaches your child to self-correct and also reduces their fear of dealing
with difficult words.
G.Consider making flashcards of these words and guessing the meanings
before finding the definition.
√
上文“As your child reads books，it’s suggested that you look up difficult or unfamiliar words in the dictionary together.”建议你和孩子一起在词典中查找困难或不熟悉的单词，G项“在查找定义之前，考虑制作这些单词的抽认卡并猜测其含义。”承接上文，符合语境。故选G项。
解析
Strengthen spelling skills.If you are making flashcards with difficult words，have your child practice spelling the words out loud or on paper.Give your child the opportunity to double-check spelling and find mistakes independently.
This is a great strategy to use throughout the year. 5
A.Create literature with your child.
B.Ask your child to make up stories.
C.Compare how they are similar and how they are different.
D.Have your child read a book and then check out the video version of the book.
E.But your child will eventually have to read uninteresting or complicated
materials.
F.It teaches your child to self-correct and also reduces their fear of dealing
with difficult words.
G.Consider making flashcards of these words and guessing the meanings
before finding the definition.
√
上文“Give your child the opportunity to double-check spelling and find mistakes independently.This is a great strategy to use throughout the year.”表明要让孩子学会核查，自主发现错误，F项“这教会你的孩子自我修正，并且减轻他们处理难词的恐惧。”承接上文，表明上文策略的效果，符合语境。故选F项。
解析
Acupuncture(针灸) is 1. ancient Chinese medicine-based approach to 2.__________(treat) a variety of diseases by triggering specific points on the skin with needles.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古代中医疗法——针灸。
an
1.考查冠词。approach是可数名词，此处表示一种基于古老中医学的方法，应用不定冠词表示泛指，且ancient的发音以元音音素开头，前面应加不定冠词an。故填an。
2.考查非谓语动词。approach to doing sth意为“做某事的方法”，to为介词，后面接动名词形式。故填treating。
解析
Ⅴ.语法填空
treating
Since the Qin Dynasty，the Chinese 3. (alleviate) pain and treated illnesses through acupuncture.This practice originates from the discovery 4. pricking specific points on the body with stone needles could ease pain and symptoms，
have alleviated
3.考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语Since the Qin Dynasty可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语the Chinese指代“中国人”，视为复数，助动词应用have。故填have alleviated。
4.考查同位语从句。空处引导同位语从句，解释说明名词discovery的具体内容，从句成分和意义都完整，应用that引导。故填that。
解析
that
which is in line 5.____the philosophy that facilitates the 6.___________ (harmony) coexistence of humans with nature.
with
5.考查介词。in line with为固定短语，意为“与……一致”。故填with。
6.考查形容词。空处修饰名词coexistence，应用形容词harmonious作定语，表示“和谐的”。故填harmonious。
解析
harmonious
According to Records of the Grand Historian，authored by Sima Qian about 2,100 years ago，Bian Que，a 7. (high) skilled doctor during the Warring States Period，was famous for having saved a prince from death by using needles to stimulate the Baihui acupoint(穴位) on the head of the unconscious man.Bian Que’s cure was so effective that the prince and the whole royal family became his 8. (regular).
highly
7.考查副词。修饰形容词skilled“有技能的”，应用副词highly，表示“很，非常”。故填highly。
8.考查名词复数。句中regular表示“常客”，是可数名词，根据句中the prince and the whole royal family可知，此处名词应用复数形式，作从句表语。故填regulars。
解析
regulars
Ancient Chinese believed that the human body 9. (fill) with an invisible life-giving force which they called qi and when the qi was flowing well and going to all the right places inside a person’s body，
was filled
考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知空处应用一般过去时，body与fill之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语为单数。故填was filled。
解析
he would experience good mental and physical health.Today，many people volunteer 10. (become) a licensed practitioner(从业人员) for acupuncture，an effective therapy to help address a variety of health concerns.
to become
考查非谓语动词。固定搭配volunteer to do sth意为“自愿做某事”。故填to become。
解析
返 回
本课结束Period 3　Grammar and usage—Appositive clauses
阅读以下短文，找出含有同位语从句的句子，并画出连接词。
The Abu Simbel temples in Egypt are thousands of years old and it took decades to build them.There are divisions among historians over when exactly the construction of the twin temples started，but no one can deny the fact that they were constructed in the 13th century BCE.In the mid-20th century，the temples were under serious threat.The government had decided to build the Aswan High Dam on the Nile and this structure would cause water levels to rise，which could in turn flood the Abu Simbel temples.This decision caused widespread concern among people around the world.They could not prevent the construction of the dam and they had no idea whether the temples could be saved from the rising waters.
Some experts，however，had a feeling that it was possible.UNESCO put together an international team of architects，engineers and heavy equipment operators，who looked at different ways of saving the temples.At first，they had no idea which way could work.Finally，they decided to try to take the temples apart，move their parts to a new location and then put them back together.There was no guarantee that it would work，since no one had attempted anything similar before.Furthermore，the experts had no clue whether any parts of the temples would break during transport.However，the operation was carefully planned and the team eventually managed to relocate all of the Abu Simbel temples without incident.
This success demonstrates the power of international cooperation in times of crisis.It is difficult to forecast what threats our heritage sites will face in the future，but we have the belief that we will need this kind of cooperation in heritage preservation.
答案　1....，but no one can deny the fact that they were constructed in the 13th century BCE.
2．...and they had no idea whether the temples could be saved from the rising waters.
3．Some experts，however，had a feeling that it was possible.
4．At first，they had no idea which way could work.
5．There was no guarantee that it would work，since no one had attempted anything similar before.
6．Furthermore，the experts had no clue whether any parts of the temples would break during transport.
7．...，but we have the belief that we will need this kind of cooperation in heritage preservation.
同位语从句
一、定义
在主从复合句中，跟在一个名词(尤其是抽象名词)后对其作出进一步解释说明的从句叫同位语从句。常见的能跟同位语从句的名词有fact，news，idea，doubt，truth，hope，problem，information，wish，promise，answer，evidence，report，explanation，suggestion，conclusion等。
There is no doubt that the assistant is fit for this job.
毫无疑问，这名助理适合这份工作。
I have no idea where their wedding is to be held.Maybe in the hotel，I think.
我不知道他们的婚礼将在哪里举行。我想也许在酒店里吧。
二、同位语从句的引导词
类别 例词 说明
从属 连词 that，whether 二者均在从句中不作成分；that无实义，whether意为“是否”
连接 代词 who，whom，whose，what，which等 有实义，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分
连接 副词 when，where，why，how等 有实义，在从句中作时间、地点、原因、方式状语等成分
I’ve come to the conclusion that it is unwise to insist on your view in such circumstances.
我得出结论，在这种情况下坚持你的观点是不明智的。
He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves around the sun.
他提到了哥白尼的“地球绕太阳转”的说法。
The users of smartwatches have brought up some doubt whether their privacy will be violated.
智能手表用户对自己的隐私是否会受到侵犯提出了一些疑问。
The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money for our research.
我们是否有足够的钱进行我们的研究，这个问题在会议上被提出来了。
The question who should do the job requires considering/to be considered.
谁应该做这项工作的问题还需考虑。
I have no idea what has happened to the captain in the past several years.
我不知道在过去几年里这名船长遭遇了什么。
I haven’t answered the question how I will deal with the urgent situation.
我还没有回答我将如何应对这个紧急的情况。
The decision when we should get started hasn’t been made.
我们什么时候开始还没有决定。
三、同位语从句的注意事项
1．分隔式同位语从句
有时同位语从句与其所解释说明的名词会被其他成分隔开，从而形成分隔式同位语从句，这样做主要是为了保持句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻。
Word came that some wolves were caught around that village.
有消息传来说在那个村子周围捕获了几匹狼。
2．同位语从句中虚拟语气的运用
名词suggestion，order，demand，command，request，desire，proposal等后的同位语从句要使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
The suggestion that the new rule (should) be adopted came from the chairman.
采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。
Do you know his command that we (should) start our work right now
你知道他命令我们立即开始工作吗？
3．名词doubt(怀疑)后可跟同位语从句，若用于肯定句中时用whether引导；若用于否定句中时则用that引导。
There is some doubt whether they will come to help us.他们是否会来帮助我们还不确定。
There is no doubt that everyone has the right to choose his own way of living.
毫无疑问，人人都有选择自己生活方式的权利。
4．同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1)同位语从句解释说明前面的名词的具体内容，用连接词引导，不可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰和限定，用关系词引导，在句中充当一定的句子成分，关系词作宾语时可以省略。
(2)同位语从句大多是说明抽象名词，而定语从句所修饰的词没有限制。
The fact that the Chinese people invented the compass is known to all.
中国人发明了指南针，这个事实是众所周知的。(同位语从句，fact和从句没有逻辑关系，that也不作成分)
The fact that we talked about is very important.
我们谈论的那个事实很重要。(定语从句，fact是talked about的逻辑宾语)
Ⅰ.阅读下面短文，用适当的连接词填空
The news 1.that Tom failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.However，when they asked Tom the question 2.whether he had the confidence to succeed，Tom said yes and expressed his hope 3.that he would make progress soon.Now they hold the firm belief 4.that he can achieve success sooner or later，because they know the fact 5.that failure is the mother of success.
Ⅱ.用同位语从句完成句子
1．科学家们已经获得塑料正在进入人体的更多证据。
Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body.
2．毫无疑问，我和外国人交流没有任何问题。
There is no doubt that there is not any problem for me to communicate with foreigners.
3．她突然想到她离开家的时候可能忘记关门了。
The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.
4．我们给这些小狗搭一处庇护所的建议是我的侄女提出的。
The proposal that we (should) build a shelter for these puppies came from my niece.
5．我许诺说我一到北京就给他写信。
I made a promise that I would write to him as soon as I got to Beijing.
作业3　Grammar and usage
[分值：77.5分]
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．Experts hold the opinion that a small amount of stress can be good in exams.
2．There is still some doubt whether the autumn sports meeting can be held as scheduled.
3．There is no doubt that staying up is more likely to result in anxiety.
4．I have no idea which wine is best—it’s a matter of personal taste.
5．The question who will take his place is still not clear at the moment.
6．We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going over the weekend.
7．Li Ping repeated her request that we should share the cost.
8．An idea occurred to him that he might go there by air.
9．—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday
—Yeah，but I have no idea why he did that；that’s one of his favorite universities.
10．We can’t solve the problem how we can travel faster than light at present.
Ⅱ.用同位语从句补全句子(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)
1．怎样才能筹集到足够的钱，这个问题我们还没有解决。
We haven’t yet settled the question how we can raise enough money.
2．我们是否需要更多时间去完成这项工作，这个问题还没有被讨论。
The question whether we need more time to finish the work has not been discussed yet.
3．有消息传来说你在英语演讲比赛中得了第一名。
Word came that you won first prize in the English Speech Contest.
4．通过上面的讨论，我们可以得出结论：如果你想实现目标，你一定要自信。
From what has been discussed above，we may draw the conclusion that you must have self-confidence if you want to achieve your goal.
5．他们的同情心和同理心给他们上了宝贵的一课，即以善良和尊重的态度对待动物会创造一个充满爱与和谐的世界。
Their compassion and empathy taught them the invaluable lesson that treating animals with kindness and respect creates a world of love and harmony.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Visitors to Wolfe’s printing shop can’t miss the statuesque hand-press machine that stands tall near the front door.There，Wolfe makes beautiful books，prints，posters and more.Rather than using new technologies，Wolfe prints the way people did in the 15th century：Letters are cast in lead，then locked together，inked and pressed into paper.
Wolfe typically juggles several projects at once.On a recent afternoon，he has just paused production while waiting for a shipment of handmade paper.He was then using the time instead to create designs for another project.He might also be teaming up with artist and friend Hewitt to design a poster for an anniversary.Letterpress printing(凸版印刷) couldn’t be more tedious.Every piece of type has to be placed by hand and then put away piece by piece when done to be reused for future projects.But Wolfe showed no sign of impatience.
Hewitt，who has known Wolfe for 20 years，has cooperated with him non-multiplex projects.Hewitt recalled a project he and Wolfe worked on together：a “Hopeful” sign on the roof of a nonprofit gallery.Hewitt intended to find a modern printer to facilitate the process.Wolfe，however，was pleased with the design by himself.
Wolfe now works with both modern-day printers and machines that are hundreds of years old.His letterpress and hot-metal casting machines，about 10 in all，fill his spacious shop.Despite their age and frequent use，the devices appear well cared for.Each one has a story，which Wolfe enjoys sharing.
Lately，Wolfe has been mentoring an apprentice(学徒)，a student from nearby college of art and design，who shares his taste for tedium.He says it’s important for the printmaker(版画家) to preserve and transmit the traditional techniques to a new generation.“The computer didn’t kill my business.It made it stronger，” Wolfe says.“The product I make is high-end.A finely printed book is a beautiful object and a reminder of the past when books were vital keepers of information.”
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文，主要讲了Wolfe坚持使用古老的印刷方式，渴望保存并将这一传统技术传给下一代的故事。
1．What do we know about Wolfe
A．He is an amateur printer.
B．He is a collector of old books.
C．He is a skillful craftsman.
D．He is a follower of new fashions.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“There，Wolfe makes beautiful books...then locked together，inked and pressed into paper.(在那里，Wolfe制作精美的书籍、印刷品、海报等。Wolfe没有使用新技术，而是沿用15世纪人们的印刷方式：先用铅浇铸字母，然后锁在一起，上墨水，压成纸)”可知，Wolfe是一个技艺精湛的工匠，故选C。
2．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “tedious” in paragraph 2
A．Boring. B．Pleasing.
C．Dissatisfying. D．Labor-saving.
答案　A
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“Every piece of type has to be placed by hand and then put away piece by piece when done to be reused for future projects.(每一块字体都必须手工放置，然后在完成后一块一块地收起来，以便在未来的项目中再次使用)”可知，凸版印刷是一项无聊的工作，tedious意为“无聊的”，故选A。
3．Why is Hewitt’s project with Wolfe mentioned in paragraph 3
A．To introduce their jobs.
B．To emphasize the working style of Wolfe.
C．To clarify their relationship.
D．To share the artistic achievements of Wolfe.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Hewitt recalled a project...Wolfe，however，was pleased with the design by himself.(Hewitt回忆起他和Wolfe一起合作过的一个项目：在一家非营利画廊的屋顶上挂一个‘充满希望’的标志。Hewitt打算找一台现代的打印机来简化这一过程。然而，Wolfe对自己的设计很满意)”可知，本段提到Hewitt和Wolfe的合作项目是为了强调Wolfe的工作风格，故选B。
4．What motivates Wolfe’s printing career
A．His love for the modern techniques.
B．His desire to pass down letterpressing.
C．His determination to beat computer.
D．His preference for the traditional equipment.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“He says it’s important for the printmaker(版画家) to preserve and transmit the traditional techniques to a new generation.(他说，对于版画家来说，保存并将传统技术传给下一代是很重要的)”可知，将凸版印刷传承下去的渴望激励着Wolfe的印刷事业，故选B。
B(此篇精读)
The tea that has delighted and fascinated the world for thousands of years has finally received top-level① global recognition as a shared cultural treasure of mankind.China’s traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices was added on Tuesday(November 29,2022) to the intangible(非物质的) cultural heritage list of the United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)．
The traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China consist of knowledge，skills and practices concerning the management of tea plantations，picking of tea leaves，manual(手工的) processing，drinking and sharing of tea.Since ancient times，Chinese people have been planting，picking，making and drinking tea.Tea producers have developed six categories of tea：green，yellow，dark，white，oolong and black teas.Together with reprocessed teas，such as flower-scented② teas，there are over 2,000 tea products in China.
Tea-related customs are not only found across the country，but also influence the rest of the world through the ancient Silk Road and trade routes.Tea is ubiquitous in Chinese people’s daily life，as steeped(浸泡) or boiled tea is served in families，workplaces，tea houses，and restaurants，etc.It is also an important part of socialization and ceremonies such as weddings and sacrifices.The practice of greeting guests and building relationships within families and among neighbors through tea-related activities is common to multiple ethnic groups，providing a sense of shared identity and continuity for the communities.
In China,44 registered national-level intangible cultural heritage entries are related to tea.There are over 40 vocational③ colleges and 80 universities that have set up majors in tea science or tea culture，resulting in over 3,000 graduates specializing in tea production and art every year，according to the ministry.
China now has 43 items on the intangible cultural heritage list，continuing to be the most enlisted country in the world.
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。中国传统制茶技艺及其相关习俗被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录，文章介绍了中国茶叶产品种类和传统加工工艺及相关茶文化等。
5．What can be learnt from the passage
A．Chinese tea producers developed 44 categories of tea.
B．Tea is quite popular with people all over the world.
C．More than 2,000 tea products could be found in China.
D．There’re about 300 graduates specializing in tea production every year.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Together with reprocessed teas，such as flower-scented teas，there are over 2,000 tea products in China.(加上花茶等再加工茶叶，中国有2 000多种茶叶产品)”可知，在中国可以找到2 000多种茶叶产品。故选C。
6．What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Rare. B．Common.
C．Temporary. D．Available.
答案　B
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“as steeped(浸泡)or boiled tea is served in families...an important part of socialization and ceremonies such as weddings and sacrifices(泡茶或煮茶在家、工作场所、茶馆和餐馆等场所都有供应。它也是社交和婚礼、祭祀等仪式的重要组成部分)”可推知，茶在中国人的日常生活中是常见的，故画线词ubiquitous与common意思相近。故选B。
7．How does the author emphasize the promotion of tea culture in paragraph 4
A．By listing figures.
B．By making definitions.
C．By giving examples.
D．By making comparisons.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“In China,44 registered national-level intangible cultural heritage entries are related to tea...and art every year(在中国，有44个国家级非物质文化遗产项目与茶有关。有40多所职业院校和80多所大学开设了茶学或茶文化专业，每年有3 000多名专业从事茶叶生产和艺术的毕业生)”可知，本段通过列数字来强调茶文化的推广。故选A。
8．In which kind of book may this text appear
A．A textbook.
B．A travel journal.
C．A story book.
D．A cultural magazine.
答案　D
解析　文章出处题。根据全文内容可知，本文介绍了中国传统制茶技艺及其相关习俗被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录，同时介绍了中国茶叶产品种类和传统加工工艺及相关茶文化等，因此本文可能出自一本文化杂志。故选D。
[语境猜词]
①top-level(合)＝top＋level adj.最重要的，最优秀的
②flower-scented(合)＝flower＋scented adj.有花香的；花香的
③vocational(派)＝vocation＋al adj.职业的；职业技术的
[句式分析]
There are over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities that have set up majors in tea science or tea culture，resulting in over 3,000 graduates specializing in tea production and art every year，according to the ministry.
分析：此句为复合句。that引导定语从句，40 vocational colleges and 80 universities为先行词，that在从句中充当主语；resulting in...为现在分词短语作结果状语；specializing in...为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词graduates。
翻译：据该部门称，有 40 多所职业院校和 80 所大学开设了茶学或茶文化专业，每年培养出3 000多名专攻茶叶生产和茶艺的毕业生。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Some children love reading，some dislike it，and many are in between.Most children and adults are drawn to reading materials that are engaging and understandable. 1 So building reading abilities is always a good idea.As a parent，you can help your child develop reading skills with enjoyable activities，some of which you might not have thought of as reading enrichment.Here are some easy reading strategies for parents to use at home.
2 When your child creates a story out loud or in written form，you can prompt more specific vocabulary and encourage your child to dive into descriptive details.This activity provides practice for thinking through logical sequences(顺序)and may motivate curiosity as a child looks for books in similar settings.
Compare books to films. 3 Talk about the similarities and differences between the two mediums.What did you each like or dislike about each form Did your child prefer the book or the movie，and why
Encourage curiosity about vocabulary.As your child reads books，it’s suggested that you look up difficult or unfamiliar words in the dictionary together. 4 This builds the skill of inference(推理)，which is thinking through the possible answers based on the context.
Strengthen spelling skills.If you are making flashcards with difficult words，have your child practice spelling the words out loud or on paper.Give your child the opportunity to double-check spelling and find mistakes independently.This is a great strategy to use throughout the year. 5
A．Create literature with your child.
B．Ask your child to make up stories.
C．Compare how they are similar and how they are different.
D．Have your child read a book and then check out the video version of the book.
E．But your child will eventually have to read uninteresting or complicated materials.
F．It teaches your child to self-correct and also reduces their fear of dealing with difficult words.
G．Consider making flashcards of these words and guessing the meanings before finding the definition.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些培养孩子的阅读能力的策略。
1．答案　E
解析　上文提到大多数人喜欢有趣的、易懂的材料，结合下文“So building reading abilities is always a good idea.”可知，空处应描写培养阅读能力的理由，E项“但是你的孩子最终将不得不阅读无趣或复杂的材料。”与下文形成因果关系，承上启下，符合语境。故选E项。
2．答案　B
解析　空处应作为本段的主旨句，概括段落大意。下文描写让孩子创作故事，是对空处的解释说明。B项“让你的孩子编故事。”与下文呼应，符合语境。故选B项。
3．答案　D
解析　上文“Compare books to films.”建议把不同的媒介相比较，D项“让你的孩子读一本书，然后看看这本书的视频版本。”对上文进一步阐述，承接上文，符合语境。故选D项。
4．答案　G
解析　上文“As your child reads books，it’s suggested that you look up difficult or unfamiliar words in the dictionary together.”建议你和孩子一起在词典中查找困难或不熟悉的单词，G项“在查找定义之前，考虑制作这些单词的抽认卡并猜测其含义。”承接上文，符合语境。故选G项。
5．答案　F
解析　上文“Give your child the opportunity to double-check spelling and find mistakes independently.This is a great strategy to use throughout the year.”表明要让孩子学会核查，自主发现错误，F项“这教会你的孩子自我修正，并且减轻他们处理难词的恐惧。”承接上文，表明上文策略的效果，符合语境。故选F项。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Acupuncture(针灸) is 1. ancient Chinese medicine-based approach to 2.__________(treat) a variety of diseases by triggering specific points on the skin with needles.Since the Qin Dynasty，the Chinese 3. (alleviate) pain and treated illnesses through acupuncture.This practice originates from the discovery 4. pricking specific points on the body with stone needles could ease pain and symptoms，which is in line 5.______________the philosophy that facilitates the 6. (harmony) coexistence of humans with nature.
According to Records of the Grand Historian，authored by Sima Qian about 2,100 years ago，Bian Que，a 7. (high) skilled doctor during the Warring States Period，was famous for having saved a prince from death by using needles to stimulate the Baihui acupoint(穴位) on the head of the unconscious man.Bian Que’s cure was so effective that the prince and the whole royal family became his 8. (regular)．
Ancient Chinese believed that the human body 9. (fill) with an invisible life-giving force which they called qi and when the qi was flowing well and going to all the right places inside a person’s body，he would experience good mental and physical health.Today，many people volunteer 10. (become) a licensed practitioner(从业人员) for acupuncture，an effective therapy to help address a variety of health concerns.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古代中医疗法——针灸。
1．答案　an
解析　考查冠词。approach是可数名词，此处表示一种基于古老中医学的方法，应用不定冠词表示泛指，且ancient的发音以元音音素开头，前面应加不定冠词an。故填an。
2．答案　treating
解析　考查非谓语动词。approach to doing sth意为“做某事的方法”，to为介词，后面接动名词形式。故填treating。
3．答案　have alleviated
解析　考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语Since the Qin Dynasty可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语the Chinese指代“中国人”，视为复数，助动词应用have。故填have alleviated。
4．答案　that
解析　考查同位语从句。空处引导同位语从句，解释说明名词discovery的具体内容，从句成分和意义都完整，应用that引导。故填that。
5．答案　with
解析　考查介词。in line with为固定短语，意为“与……一致”。故填with。
6．答案　harmonious
解析　考查形容词。空处修饰名词coexistence，应用形容词harmonious作定语，表示“和谐的”。故填harmonious。
7．答案　highly
解析　考查副词。修饰形容词skilled“有技能的”，应用副词highly，表示“很，非常”。故填highly。
8．答案　regulars
解析　考查名词复数。句中regular表示“常客”，是可数名词，根据句中the prince and the whole royal family可知，此处名词应用复数形式，作从句表语。故填regulars。
9．答案　was filled
解析　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知空处应用一般过去时，body与fill之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语为单数。故填was filled。
10．答案　to become
解析　考查非谓语动词。固定搭配volunteer to do sth意为“自愿做某事”。故填to become。

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