资源简介

(共79张PPT)
Period 3
Grammar and usage—Overview of adverbial clauses
Honesty and responsibility
Unit 1
内容索引
情境导读
语法精讲
作业3
达标检测
情境导读
阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并完成下面的练习。
(改编自2022年浙江1月阅读C篇)
①Although the benefits of regular exercise are well documented，there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia(痴呆症) in later life and ②if they did，it came on a decade later than less sporty women.Lead researcher Dr Helena H rder，of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden，said：
“These findings are exciting ③because it’s possible that improving people’s cardiovascular(心血管的) fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.” For the study,191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test ④until they were tired out to measure their peak(最大值的) cardiovascular capacity.
[自主发现]
是时间状语从句； 是条件状语从句； 是让步状语从句； 是原因状语从句。
④
②
①
③
返 回
语法精讲
状语从句
一、概述
定义：状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等，或是整个句子的成分。当充当状语的部分是一个句子时，该句子就是状语从句。
位置：状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号和主句隔开。
分类：根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、结果、方式和比较等状语从句。
二、状语从句详解
(一)时间状语从句
1.when，while与as引导的时间状语从句
连词 含义及用法 例句
when “当……时候”，可与延续性动词或短暂性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生 When you apply for a job，you must present your application.当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的申请表。
连词 含义及用法 例句
while “当……时候”，一般只可与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时发生 When/While the teacher paraphrased the text in English，the students listened attentively and took notes.当老师用英语解释课文时，学生们聚精会神地听并做着笔记。
as “随着……”　“一边……一边……”“在……的时候”，常与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生 As it gets warmer and warmer，the trees begin to come to life.
随着天气越来越暖和，树木开始有了生机。
2.before与since引导的时间状语从句
连词 含义 常用句式
before 在……之前；还没有来得及……就……； 趁着……； ……才…… ①It will be/was＋一段时间＋before...
要过/过了……时间才……
②It won’t be＋一段时间＋before...过不了多久就会……
③It wasn’t＋一段时间＋before...没过多久就……了
since 自从……以来 It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句(从句用一般过去时)
Before she could react，I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret from me.她还没来得及反应，我就给她一个拥抱并且告诉她：她无需将那件事对我保密。
If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one.如果你错过这个机会，可能要过很多年才能再得到一个。
It is/has been ten years since the criminal was arrested.那名罪犯被捕已经十年了。
3.表示“一……就……”含义的连词或短语引导的时间状语从句
(1)该类引导词有as soon as，the moment/minute/instant，immediately/directly/instantly等。
(2)在hardly...when...，no sooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，when或than所在的从句用一般过去时。
As soon as this news was released online，it immediately became a hot-topic that attracted widespread public attention.这条新闻一在网上发布，就立刻成为公众广泛关注的热点话题。
We had hardly/no sooner got to the destination when/than we set out to do some volunteer work there.
＝Hardly/No sooner had we got to the destination when/than we set out to do some volunteer work there.
我们一到达目的地，就开始做一些志愿者工作。
4.until与till引导的时间状语从句
(1)until/till用于肯定句时，其主句谓语动词为延续性动词；
(2)not...until/till...句型中，主句的谓语动词为非延续性动词；
(3)until可用于句首，而till不能；
(4)not until 置于句首，主句要用部分倒装；
(5)it is/was not until...that...强调句型。
I didn’t learn the true meaning of persistence until I experienced the failure.
＝Not until I experienced the failure did I learn the true meaning of persistence.
＝It was not until I experienced the failure that I learned the true meaning of persistence.
直到我经历了失败，我才明白坚持的真正含义。
5.引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(短语)
every time/each time(每次)，after，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)，by the time(到……的时候)
The first time I heard of Stephen Hawking，I was moved by his devotion to the research.
当我第一次听说斯蒂芬·霍金时，我就被他对研究的投入所感动。
By the time you come back，we’ll have completed the project.
到你回来的时候，我们将已完成这项工程。
(二)原因状语从句
连词 含义和用法 例句
because because表示人们不知道的直接的原因或理由，通常用于回答why引出的疑问句，语气最强 He didn’t take in what he read because his mind was focused on something else.
他看不懂所读的内容，因为他的心思都集中在别的事情上了。
as as引导的原因状语从句所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉而不需要强调 As many students have difficulty learning English well，they desire to know how to deal with this problem.
由于许多学生在学好英语方面有困难，他们渴望知道如何处理这个问题。
连词 含义和用法 例句
since/now that 表示人们已知的事实，不需要强调的原因，故常译为“既然” Now that/Since you’ve grown up you must learn to stand on your own two feet.
你既然已经长大成人，就得学会独立生活。
seeing (that) 鉴于；由于 Seeing (that) the weather is bad，we’ll stay at home.鉴于天气不好，我们将待在家里。
in that “因为；基于……的理由”，可以和because换用 I wonder whether his hearing is okay，in that he has turned the television up very loud.
我不知道他的听力是否还好，因为他把电视声音开得很大。
(三)结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由so that(因此)，so...that...，such...that...等引导。
so...that...和such...that...引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”。结构形式如下：
so＋形容词/副词＋that从句
so＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that从句
so＋
many/few＋可数名词复数
much/little(少)＋不可数名词
＋that从句
such＋形容词＋
不可数名词
可数名词复数
＋that从句
such＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋that从句
She was so delighted that she hugged the twins tightly，tears of joy welling up in her eyes.
＝So delighted was she that she hugged the twins tightly，tears of joy welling up in her eyes.她非常高兴，紧紧地抱着双胞胎，喜悦的泪水夺眶而出。
He is such a learned person that we admire him very much.
＝He is so learned a person that we admire him very much.
＝Such a learned person/So learned a person is he that we admire him very much.
他如此有学问，以至于我们非常钦佩他。
Whoever wants to have a try，please sign up quickly so that you don’t miss the chance of being the winner.
谁想尝试一下，请尽快报名，这样你就不会错过成为赢家的机会。
(四)让步状语从句
让步状语从句一般翻译为“尽管/即使……”，就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说……”的感觉。
1.although/though引导的让步状语从句
although/though意为“虽然；尽管”，可与yet，still，nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。
Although/Though he was exhausted，he continued to fight against the giant fish.
尽管他已经筋疲力尽，但他仍然继续与那条大鱼搏斗。
2.while引导的让步状语从句
while意为“虽然；尽管”，多用于正式文体，且多位于句首，相当于although。
While you are quite occupied，we sincerely hope that you can accept our invitation.
尽管你很忙，但我们真诚地希望你能接受我们的邀请。
3.as引导的让步状语从句
as意为“尽管，虽然”，从句多位于主句之前，而且必须使用倒装语序，此时可与though换用。
Painful and a bit embarrassed as/though he was，he still dragged his feet to keep moving forward.
尽管他很痛苦，也有点尴尬，但他仍然拖着脚继续前进。
4.even if/though引导的让步状语从句
even if/though意为“即使，尽管”。
We still have a long way to go even if/though our project has been carried out smoothly so far.
尽管我们的计划到目前为止执行得很顺利，我们仍然有很长的一段路要走。
5.“疑问词＋-ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”引导的让步状语从句
“疑问词＋-ever”表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于“no matter＋疑问词”。
However/No matter how hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down on the amount of food you eat.
无论你如何努力，不减少食量是很难减肥的。
6.whether...or...引导的让步状语从句
whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。
All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
自从灾害发生以来，所有的人，无论他们是年老还是年幼，富有还是贫穷，都在尽他们最大的努力去帮助那些需要帮助的人。
(五)其他类型的状语从句
状语从句 连接词
地点状语从句 where，wherever等
目的状语从句 so that(为了)，in case(以免，以防)，for fear that(唯恐，以防)，in order that等
条件状语从句 if，unless (除非)，as/so long as(只要)，on condition that(只要)，in case (假使)，providing/provided (that)，supposing (that)(假使，倘若)等
方式状语从句 as，as if/though等
比较状语从句 as...as...，the same as，than，the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...等
Just as the saying goes，where there is a will，there is a way.俗话说，有志者事竟成。
He asked us to put it wherever we can see it.
他要求我们把它放在任何我们能看得见的地方。
I’ll speak slowly so that/in order that you can make sense of what I say.
我讲慢一点，以便你能理解我说的话。
As long as you don’t lose heart，you’ll succeed sooner or later.只要你不灰心，你迟早会成功的。
Supposing (that) they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help
假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能向谁求助呢？
He acted as if he hadn’t heard any of it.
他表现得好像一点都没听过这件事一样。
Just as we sweep our rooms，we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的观点。
The more you exercise，the healthier you will be.你锻炼得越多，你就越健康。
三、状语从句的省略
1.时间、让步、方式、地点状语从句的省略
如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，或从句的主语是it，且状语从句的谓语中有be动词，可以将从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。
While (I was) in Beijing，I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.在北京时，我参观了颐和园。
He often makes mistakes when (he is) speaking English.他说英语时经常出错。
The woman teacher left the classroom silently as though (she was) angry.
这位女老师沉默地离开了教室，好像生气了。
Though (it was) cold，he still wore a shirt.
虽然天气冷，但他仍然穿了一件衬衫。
2.条件状语从句的省略
(1)在if it is possible，if it is necessary，unless it is necessary等类似结构中，it is常省略。
Come tomorrow if (it is) possible.
如果可能的话就明天来吧。
Unless (it is) necessary，you’d better not refer to the dictionary.如果不是必要，你最好不要查词典。
(2)在if引导的虚拟条件句中，如果从句谓语中含有had/were/should，则可省略if，把had/were/should提至句首，用倒装语序。
Were I you(＝If I were you)，I would sign up for the competition.
如果我是你，我就报名参加这个比赛。
Had I brought(＝If I had brought) enough cash with me，I wouldn’t have been so embarrassed.
如果我带了足够的现金，我就不会这么尴尬了。
Should I have (＝If I should have) more chances to have the art class in the park，I would be so happy.
如果我有更多的机会在公园里上美术课，我会很高兴的。
返 回
达标检测
My classmate Michael studied very hard 1. he went to senior high school.Every day he worked 2. everyone else in our class left the classroom.He said he wouldn’t stop trying 3. he got satisfying scores in his studies.Hard 4. he tried，he made little progress，but he didn’t lose heart at all 5. he believed as long as he persisted he would succeed one day.
用适当的连词完成下面的短文
after
until/till
unless/until
as/though
because/as
6. time went by，he made improvements in his studies and he was admitted to a university in Beijing at last.We had a get-together party 7. we started our new life in university.Everyone had such a good time 8. we didn’t want to say goodbye.When we stood 9. we used to play and study，we couldn’t help thinking of our happy old days.We believed that we would never forget each other，wherever we would go or 10. we would do.
As
before
where
whatever
返 回
that
作业3
1.Hardly had I fallen asleep I felt a soft touch on my shoulder.
2.Don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake it’s a truly serious one.
3. you agree or not，the saying does reflect its vital role in the city’s evolution.
4.I also water the flowers in the yard and tidy up my own bedroom
necessary.
5.Natural bird habitats are most commonly found there is an ample supply of water for drinking，swimming and bathing.
when
unless
Whether
Ⅰ.用适当的连词填空
whenever/when/if
where
6.Two hours my husband came back home from another job interview，my daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf.
before
1.他坐到老人的对面以便能听得更清楚。
He sat opposite the old man .
2.每当我灰心丧气的时候我的老师总是给予我信心。
My teacher always gave me confidence .
3.一拿到自己的体检报告他就松了口气。
He finally got relieved ___________________________________________
.
Ⅱ.完成句子
so that he could hear more clearly
every/each time I lost heart
the moment/the minute/the instant/immediately/
directly/as soon as/instantly he got his medical examination report
4.无论你多忙，你都应该去机场为他们送行。
，you should see them off at the airport.
5.如果您能给我这个机会，我将不胜感激。
I would be very grateful .
However/No matter how busy you are
if you could offer me the opportunity
A
Hiring processes can be thought of as a battle between integrity and dishonesty.You might imagine this is a simple fight between truth-seeking firms and self-promoting candidates，and to a certain extent it is.But companies themselves are prone(有倾向的) to bend reality out of shape in ways that are self-defeating.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了招聘过程中求职者和公司都倾向于夸大事实，很少有公司提供真实的职位预览，但研究表明诚实是一种回报，真实的职位预览会降低离职率，提高员工满意度。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
Start with the obvious wrongdoers: job applicants.When it comes to writing the résumé(简历)，they tend to massage(美化) reality into the most appealing shape possible.Everyone beyond a certain level of experience is a transformational leader personally responsible for generating millions income; the world economy would be about 15 times bigger than it actually is if all such claims were true.The average British spends four and a half hours a day watching TV and online videos.But each average job candidate is an enthusiast for public welfare，using their spare time only for worthy purposes，like volunteering in soup kitchens.
But the tendency to stretch the truth infects companies as well as applicants.The typical firm will write a job description that invariably describes the work environment as fast-paced and innovative，and then lays out a set of improbable requirements for the “ideal candidate”，someone who almost by definition does not exist.Sometimes，the requirements include an ability to go back and change the course of history.
Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves in their job previews，which are supposed to give prospective employees a genuine sense of the negatives and positives of the job，as well as a clear idea of the company’s corporate culture.One effective strategy is to lay out in text or video，what a typical day in the role would look like.
Such honesty can be its own reward.Research has long suggested that realistic job previews lead to lower turnover and higher employee satisfaction.A paper in 2011 by David Eamest of Towson University and his co-authors concluded that favourable perceptions of the organisation’s honesty are the best explanation for why.So a process designed to uncover the truth about job applicants would run a lot more smoothly if firms were also honest about themselves.
1.Why are “leader” and “enthusiast” mentioned in paragraph 2
A.To present a rule.
B.To clarify a fact.
C.To make a comparison.
D.To explain a phenomenon.
推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，第二段中提到leader和enthusiast是为了解释一种现象，即求职者在写简历时往往会美化现实，故选D。
解析
√
2.What does the underlined word “stretch” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Overstate. B.Overturn.
C.Overlook. D.Overestimate.
词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“as well as applicants”以及后文内容可知，公司和申请者一样，也有夸大事实的倾向，stretch意为“夸大”，故选A。
解析
√
3.What are job previews expected to be like according to paragraph 4
A.They should show a position as it is.
B.They should be made either in text or video.
C.They should be favorable for bigger firms.
D.They should mainly contain negatives of a job.
细节理解题。根据第四段内容尤其是最后一句“One effective strategy is to lay out in text or video，what a typical day in the role would look like.”可知，职位预览应该展示一个职位的真实情况，故选A。
解析
√
4.What does the text mainly talk about
A.Pains and gains of employees.
B.How to get the lying out of hiring.
C.How to be more appealing in hiring.
D.A wrestle between applicants and companies.
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“Such honesty can be its own reward.”可知，文章介绍了招聘过程中求职者和公司都倾向于夸大事实，很少有公司提供真实的职位预览，但研究表明诚实是一种回报，真实的职位预览会降低离职率，提高员工满意度，B项“如何消除招聘中的谎言”能够总结文章大意，故选B。
解析
√
B(此篇精读)
In Cedars，Pennsylvania，a café is giving people with different abilities，and their families a safe and inclusive① space to shine.Created in 2022，the café was a response to the need in the community for programs that would enable youth with special needs who aged out of school programs to develop social and vocational skills in a nurturing environment.
语篇解读　本文属于新闻报道。文章报道了在宾夕法尼亚州Cedars开设的一家名为“So Much To Give Inclusive Café”的咖啡馆，它为具有不同能力和特殊情况的人群及其家庭提供一个包容和支持的空间，帮助他们发展社交和职业技能，展示了社会企业如何在社区中发挥积极作用。
The café was the brainchild② of Pennsylvania mom Maureen Stanko，a teacher and musician.She was concerned about what her son Nick，who is neurodivergent(大脑功能异于常人的)，would be able to do after graduation.Stanko was so worried that she spoke to Nick’s therapist(治疗专家)，Tyler Kammerle，who told her that he dreamed about opening a restaurant to employ people with disabilities.The two worked together—in association with the Pillars of Love and Light Charity—to make this a reality.Two years later，the So Much To Give Inclusive Café was born.
The inclusive café has made a real difference to people’s lives.One of the staff，Lauren Oppelts，suffers from hearing damage and works as a hostess at the café.She said，“If you had invited me to be a hostess a year ago，I wouldn’t have believed you.However，I have grown so much self-confidence.I have witnessed the growth in a lot of these employees since the very，very beginning；it’s just exciting.” Stanko did not know if her son Nick would be able to work at the café，but it turned out that her son’s performance had gone beyond her expectations③.
But the café is much more than just a workplace.Stanko also wanted to create a space to coach life skills to people with disabilities.That’s why she also opened the Inspiration Studio where music，crafts，and other courses are instructed in addition to life skills.
5.How did Stanko help to create the café？
A.By developing social skills.
B.By teaming up with others.
C.By employing the disabled.
D.By joining in the program.
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Stanko was so worried that she spoke to Nick’s therapist(治疗专家)，Tyler Kammerle...The two worked together—in association with the Pillars of Love and Light Charity...the So Much To Give Inclusive Café was born.”可知，Stanko是通过与他人合作来创建咖啡馆的。故选B。
解析
√
6.What can we infer from paragraph 3
A.Nick lacks self-confidence.
B.Oppelts dislikes being a hostess.
C.The café is a life-changing place.
D.Nick’s performance dissatisfies Stanko.
推理判断题。根据第三段的首句和后文的例子可知，该段通过Lauren Oppelts的例子说明了咖啡馆对人们生活的正面影响，这表明这个咖啡馆是一个改变人生的地方。故选C。
解析
√
7.Why did Stanko start the Inspiration Studio
A.To teach life skills.
B.To make folk crafts.
C.To explore the space.
D.To diversify the courses.
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Stanko also wanted to create a space to coach life skills to people with disabilities.That’s why she also opened the Inspiration Studio”可知，Stanko开设灵感工作室的目的之一就是教授残障人士生活技能。故选A。
解析
√
8.Which word can best describe Stanko
A.Demanding. B.Thoughtful.
C.Proud. D.Humble.
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中Lauren Oppelts的例子和最后一段中介绍的关于Stanko开设灵感工作室的原因可知，Stanko关注到社区中特殊青少年的需求，与他人合作创立了这家提供工作机会的咖啡馆，后来又开设了教授生活技能的灵感工作室，这展现了她对他人周到体贴的照顾。故选B。
解析
√
①inclusive(派)＝inclu(de)＋sive adj.___________
②brainchild(合)＝brain＋child n.___________
③go beyond one’s expectations _______________
语境猜词
包容广阔的
主意，发明
超出某人的预期
Created in 2022，the café was a response to the need in the community for programs that would enable youth with special needs who aged out of school programs to develop social and vocational skills in a nurturing environment.
分析：此句为 句。created in 2022为过去分词短语作 ；that引导____
从句，修饰先行词programs；with special needs为介词短语作 ，修饰youth；who aged out of school programs为 从句，修饰先行词__________
；enable sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“ ”。
翻译：______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
句式分析
复合
状语
定语
后置定语
该咖啡馆创建于2022年，是对社区项目需求的回应，这些项目将使因超龄而不能参加学校项目的有特殊需求的青年，在充满关爱的环境中培养社交能力和职业技能。
定语
youth with
special needs
使某人有能力做某事
In life，we make many decisions that define who we truly are.It feels really good to live with integrity，once we master this quality，both our career and lives can develop better.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些培养和保持正直的方法。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读
What is the meaning of integrity Integrity means living your life according to your own morals and ethics(道德标准). 1 Alongside that，you must also know what the purpose of your life is，and what you intend to do with your life.
A.Sometimes we have to face the unavoidable.
B.Always remember that your choices define you ultimately.
C.Sometimes we need to decide what we want to achieve in life.
D.There are circumstances when right and wrong are very apparent.
E.To have integrity，you must clearly know what is right and wrong.
F.Always find ways to apply your ethics and morals in everyday life.
G.No matter what happens，you will never go against your core values.
√
根据下文“Alongside that，you must also know what the purpose of your life is，and what you intend to do with your life.”可知，除了上述内容，你还必须要知道生活的目的以及如何过自己的生活，因此，下文是对设空处的补充。E选项指出要想拥有正直的品格，你必须清楚地知道什么是对，什么是错。下文中that指代“你必须清楚地知道什么是对，什么是错”的事实。故E选项引起下文，符合语境。故选E。
解析
Here are some of the ways to develop and preserve integrity!
Define Your Values Clearly
The first step to developing your integrity is to define your values.Every person has a set of values that they live by.
You must acknowledge them as you go further in life. 2
A.Sometimes we have to face the unavoidable.
B.Always remember that your choices define you ultimately.
C.Sometimes we need to decide what we want to achieve in life.
D.There are circumstances when right and wrong are very apparent.
E.To have integrity，you must clearly know what is right and wrong.
F.Always find ways to apply your ethics and morals in everyday life.
G.No matter what happens，you will never go against your core values.
√
本段主旨“Define Your Values Clearly”强调的是培养和保持正直的重要方法是要明确自己的价值观。G选项“No matter what happens，you will never go against your core values.”中的core values与本段主旨呼应。故选G。
解析
Analyze Each and Every Choice
3 Practicing integrity means making the right decision no matter what. Some seemingly right decisions that we make in life could be disastrous for some.Honesty and integrity aren’t something that you must practice when it is convenient for you.You must always be like that whatever the circumstances are.
A.Sometimes we have to face the unavoidable.
B.Always remember that your choices define you ultimately.
C.Sometimes we need to decide what we want to achieve in life.
D.There are circumstances when right and wrong are very apparent.
E.To have integrity，you must clearly know what is right and wrong.
F.Always find ways to apply your ethics and morals in everyday life.
G.No matter what happens，you will never go against your core values.
√
根据本段主旨“Analyze Each and Every Choice”以及下文“Practicing integrity means making the right decision no matter what.”可知此处强调要坚持做正确的选择。B选项“Always remember that your choices define you ultimately.”引起下文，强调坚持做正确的选择，同时也与该段落主旨呼应。故选B。
解析
Apply Your Ethics in the World
4 We learn so many great things in childhood，some of which are habits that we follow for our whole life.Practicing integrity is just like that，you would just be practicing your everyday life but with more analysis.
A.Sometimes we have to face the unavoidable.
B.Always remember that your choices define you ultimately.
C.Sometimes we need to decide what we want to achieve in life.
D.There are circumstances when right and wrong are very apparent.
E.To have integrity，you must clearly know what is right and wrong.
F.Always find ways to apply your ethics and morals in everyday life.
G.No matter what happens，you will never go against your core values.
√
根据本段主旨“Apply Your Ethics in the World”可知，本段主要讲述的是在生活中运用自己的道德观。F选项“Always find ways to apply your ethics and morals in everyday life.”与本段主旨呼应。故选F。
解析
Having integrity also means more than being consistent. 5 We must not always do what comes naturally to us because it is our nature to shy away from difficulties. We must find the courage within ourselves to face all the difficulties in life，only then will we become successful.
A.Sometimes we have to face the unavoidable.
B.Always remember that your choices define you ultimately.
C.Sometimes we need to decide what we want to achieve in life.
D.There are circumstances when right and wrong are very apparent.
E.To have integrity，you must clearly know what is right and wrong.
F.Always find ways to apply your ethics and morals in everyday life.
G.No matter what happens，you will never go against your core values.
√
根据下文“We must not always do what comes naturally to us because it is our nature to shy away from difficulties.”可知，我们不能总是随遇而安，因为畏难是人类的天性，故而可推测设空处应提到我们需要敢于面对困难。A选项“Sometimes we have to face the unavoidable.”符合语境。故选A。
解析
KV Priyesh，a fisherman,1. (live) in Kerala’s Kozhikode District，
living
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了住在喀拉拉邦科泽科德区的30岁渔民KV Priyesh每次出海时都会被渔网中的塑料垃圾所困扰，然后他开始和朋友一起捡垃圾的故事。
考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，所以此处用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语a fisherman与live之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故填living。
解析
Ⅴ.语法填空
was increasingly disturbed by the amount of plastic waste that would get 2. (trap) in his fishing nets，every time he went out to the sea.
trapped
考查非谓语动词。get trapped in...“被困在……里面”。故填trapped。
解析
While out on his boat in Chombala Harbor in Kerala，India，KV Priyesh noticed that his nets would pull in just as much plastic waste as they would fish.This was not only counterproductive，but it was also 3.__________ (deep) disturbing.
考查副词。此处用副词deeply“非常，极其”修饰形容词disturbing。故填deeply。
解析
deeply
“The sea is my home，”4. 30-year-old fisherman told The Better India.“How would you feel if everyone is trashing your home and there is so much garbage 5.________ you can’t breathe
the
4.考查冠词。“30-year-old fisherman”就是指上文提到的 KV Priyesh，表示特指，用定冠词the。故填the。
5.考查状语从句。此处是 so...that...引导的结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。故填that。
解析
that
That is perhaps how the 6. (creature) in the ocean feel.While most people think that the waste can 7. (find) largely along the shores，the reality is that one can find it in the deep parts of the ocean as well，” he said.“It’s not just tourists cruising on ferries；even fishermen are 8._______ (guilt) of throwing plastic bottles that they carry with them to the sea.”
creatures
6.考查名词的数。海洋里的生物有很多，应用复数形式，后面的动词原形feel也是提示。故填creatures。
7.考查被动语态。the waste 和 find 之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be found。
8.考查形容词。此处用形容词作表语，be guilty of“对……应负责任”。故填guilty。
解析
be found
guilty
Over time，Priyesh began collecting plastic waste each night 9._____ teamed up with a local businessman who owns a plastic shredder(破碎机).They estimate that they 10._______________(collect) 13.5 metric tons of plastic over the years，and their efforts have been recognized by community members.
and
9.考查连词。此处用and连接两个并列的谓语began和teamed up with。故填and。
10.考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语 over the years 可判断此处应用现在完成时。主语为they，助动词用have。故填have collected。
解析
have collected
返 回
本课结束Period 3　Grammar and usage—Overview of adverbial clauses
阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并完成下面的练习。
(改编自2022年浙江1月阅读C篇)
①Although the benefits of regular exercise are well documented，there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia(痴呆症) in later life and ②if they did，it came on a decade later than less sporty women.Lead researcher Dr Helena H rder，of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden，said：“These findings are exciting ③because it’s possible that improving people’s cardiovascular(心血管的) fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.” For the study,191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test ④until they were tired out to measure their peak(最大值的) cardiovascular capacity.
[自主发现]
④是时间状语从句；②是条件状语从句；①是让步状语从句；③是原因状语从句。
状语从句
一、概述
定义：状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等，或是整个句子的成分。当充当状语的部分是一个句子时，该句子就是状语从句。
位置：状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号和主句隔开。
分类：根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、结果、方式和比较等状语从句。
二、状语从句详解
(一)时间状语从句
1．when，while与as引导的时间状语从句
连词 含义及用法 例句
when “当……时候”，可与延续性动词或短暂性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生 When you apply for a job，you must present your application.当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的申请表。
while “当……时候”，一般只可与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时发生 When/While the teacher paraphrased the text in English，the students listened attentively and took notes.当老师用英语解释课文时，学生们聚精会神地听并做着笔记。
as “随着……”　“一边……一边……”“在……的时候”，常与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生 As it gets warmer and warmer，the trees begin to come to life. 随着天气越来越暖和，树木开始有了生机。
2.before与since引导的时间状语从句
连词 含义 常用句式
before 在……之前；还没有来得及……就……； 趁着……； ……才…… ①It will be/was＋一段时间＋before... 要过/过了……时间才…… ②It won’t be＋一段时间＋before...过不了多久就会…… ③It wasn’t＋一段时间＋before...没过多久就……了
since 自从……以来 It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句(从句用一般过去时)
Before she could react，I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret from me.她还没来得及反应，我就给她一个拥抱并且告诉她：她无需将那件事对我保密。
If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one.如果你错过这个机会，可能要过很多年才能再得到一个。
It is/has been ten years since the criminal was arrested.那名罪犯被捕已经十年了。
3．表示“一……就……”含义的连词或短语引导的时间状语从句
(1)该类引导词有as soon as，the moment/minute/instant，immediately/directly/instantly等。
(2)在hardly...when...，no sooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，when或than所在的从句用一般过去时。
As soon as this news was released online，it immediately became a hot-topic that attracted widespread public attention.这条新闻一在网上发布，就立刻成为公众广泛关注的热点话题。
We had hardly/no sooner got to the destination when/than we set out to do some volunteer work there.
＝Hardly/No sooner had we got to the destination when/than we set out to do some volunteer work there.
我们一到达目的地，就开始做一些志愿者工作。
4．until与till引导的时间状语从句
(1)until/till用于肯定句时，其主句谓语动词为延续性动词；
(2)not...until/till...句型中，主句的谓语动词为非延续性动词；
(3)until可用于句首，而till不能；
(4)not until 置于句首，主句要用部分倒装；
(5)it is/was not until...that...强调句型。
I didn’t learn the true meaning of persistence until I experienced the failure.
＝Not until I experienced the failure did I learn the true meaning of persistence.
＝It was not until I experienced the failure that I learned the true meaning of persistence.
直到我经历了失败，我才明白坚持的真正含义。
5．引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(短语)
every time/each time(每次)，after，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)，by the time(到……的时候)
The first time I heard of Stephen Hawking，I was moved by his devotion to the research.
当我第一次听说斯蒂芬·霍金时，我就被他对研究的投入所感动。
By the time you come back，we’ll have completed the project.
到你回来的时候，我们将已完成这项工程。
(二)原因状语从句
连词 含义和用法 例句
because because表示人们不知道的直接的原因或理由，通常用于回答why引出的疑问句，语气最强 He didn’t take in what he read because his mind was focused on something else. 他看不懂所读的内容，因为他的心思都集中在别的事情上了。
as as引导的原因状语从句所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉而不需要强调 As many students have difficulty learning English well，they desire to know how to deal with this problem. 由于许多学生在学好英语方面有困难，他们渴望知道如何处理这个问题。
since/now that 表示人们已知的事实，不需要强调的原因，故常译为“既然” Now that/Since you’ve grown up you must learn to stand on your own two feet. 你既然已经长大成人，就得学会独立生活。
seeing (that) 鉴于；由于 Seeing (that) the weather is bad，we’ll stay at home.鉴于天气不好，我们将待在家里。
in that “因为；基于……的理由”，可以和because换用 I wonder whether his hearing is okay，in that he has turned the television up very loud. 我不知道他的听力是否还好，因为他把电视声音开得很大。
(三)结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由so that(因此)，so...that...，such...that...等引导。
so...that...和such...that...引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”。结构形式如下：
She was so delighted that she hugged the twins tightly，tears of joy welling up in her eyes.
＝So delighted was she that she hugged the twins tightly，tears of joy welling up in her eyes.她非常高兴，紧紧地抱着双胞胎，喜悦的泪水夺眶而出。
He is such a learned person that we admire him very much.
＝He is so learned a person that we admire him very much.
＝Such a learned person/So learned a person is he that we admire him very much.
他如此有学问，以至于我们非常钦佩他。
Whoever wants to have a try，please sign up quickly so that you don’t miss the chance of being the winner.谁想尝试一下，请尽快报名，这样你就不会错过成为赢家的机会。
(四)让步状语从句
让步状语从句一般翻译为“尽管/即使……”，就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说……”的感觉。
1．although/though引导的让步状语从句
although/though意为“虽然；尽管”，可与yet，still，nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。
Although/Though he was exhausted，he continued to fight against the giant fish.
尽管他已经筋疲力尽，但他仍然继续与那条大鱼搏斗。
2．while引导的让步状语从句
while意为“虽然；尽管”，多用于正式文体，且多位于句首，相当于although。
While you are quite occupied，we sincerely hope that you can accept our invitation.
尽管你很忙，但我们真诚地希望你能接受我们的邀请。
3．as引导的让步状语从句
as意为“尽管，虽然”，从句多位于主句之前，而且必须使用倒装语序，此时可与though换用。
Painful and a bit embarrassed as/though he was，he still dragged his feet to keep moving forward.
尽管他很痛苦，也有点尴尬，但他仍然拖着脚继续前进。
4．even if/though引导的让步状语从句
even if/though意为“即使，尽管”。
We still have a long way to go even if/though our project has been carried out smoothly so far.
尽管我们的计划到目前为止执行得很顺利，我们仍然有很长的一段路要走。
5．“疑问词＋-ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”引导的让步状语从句
“疑问词＋-ever”表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于“no matter＋疑问词”。
However/No matter how hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down on the amount of food you eat.
无论你如何努力，不减少食量是很难减肥的。
6．whether...or...引导的让步状语从句
whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。
All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
自从灾害发生以来，所有的人，无论他们是年老还是年幼，富有还是贫穷，都在尽他们最大的努力去帮助那些需要帮助的人。
(五)其他类型的状语从句
状语从句 连接词
地点状语从句 where，wherever等
目的状语从句 so that(为了)，in case(以免，以防)，for fear that(唯恐，以防)，in order that等
条件状语从句 if，unless (除非)，as/so long as(只要)，on condition that(只要)，in case (假使)，providing/provided (that)，supposing (that)(假使，倘若)等
方式状语从句 as，as if/though等
比较状语从句 as...as...，the same as，than，the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..等
Just as the saying goes，where there is a will，there is a way.俗话说，有志者事竟成。
He asked us to put it wherever we can see it.
他要求我们把它放在任何我们能看得见的地方。
I’ll speak slowly so that/in order that you can make sense of what I say.
我讲慢一点，以便你能理解我说的话。
As long as you don’t lose heart，you’ll succeed sooner or later.只要你不灰心，你迟早会成功的。
Supposing (that) they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help
假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能向谁求助呢？
He acted as if he hadn’t heard any of it.
他表现得好像一点都没听过这件事一样。
Just as we sweep our rooms，we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的观点。
The more you exercise，the healthier you will be.你锻炼得越多，你就越健康。
三、状语从句的省略
1．时间、让步、方式、地点状语从句的省略
如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，或从句的主语是it，且状语从句的谓语中有be动词，可以将从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。
While (I was) in Beijing，I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.在北京时，我参观了颐和园。
He often makes mistakes when (he is) speaking English.他说英语时经常出错。
The woman teacher left the classroom silently as though (she was) angry.
这位女老师沉默地离开了教室，好像生气了。
Though (it was) cold，he still wore a shirt.
虽然天气冷，但他仍然穿了一件衬衫。
2．条件状语从句的省略
(1)在if it is possible，if it is necessary，unless it is necessary等类似结构中，it is常省略。
Come tomorrow if (it is) possible.
如果可能的话就明天来吧。
Unless (it is) necessary，you’d better not refer to the dictionary.如果不是必要，你最好不要查词典。
(2)在if引导的虚拟条件句中，如果从句谓语中含有had/were/should，则可省略if，把had/were/should提至句首，用倒装语序。
Were I you(＝If I were you)，I would sign up for the competition.
如果我是你，我就报名参加这个比赛。
Had I brought(＝If I had brought) enough cash with me，I wouldn’t have been so embarrassed.
如果我带了足够的现金，我就不会这么尴尬了。
Should I have (＝If I should have) more chances to have the art class in the park，I would be so happy.
如果我有更多的机会在公园里上美术课，我会很高兴的。
用适当的连词完成下面的短文
My classmate Michael studied very hard 1.after he went to senior high school.Every day he worked 2.until/till everyone else in our class left the classroom.He said he wouldn’t stop trying 3.unless/until he got satisfying scores in his studies.Hard 4.as/though he tried，he made little progress，but he didn’t lose heart at all 5.because/as he believed as long as he persisted he would succeed one day.
6．As time went by，he made improvements in his studies and he was admitted to a university in Beijing at last.We had a get-together party 7.before we started our new life in university.Everyone had such a good time 8.that we didn’t want to say goodbye.When we stood 9.where we used to play and study，we couldn’t help thinking of our happy old days.We believed that we would never forget each other，wherever we would go or 10.whatever we would do.
作业3　Grammar and usage
[分值：71.5分]
Ⅰ.用适当的连词填空(共6小题；每小题1.5分，满分9分)
1．Hardly had I fallen asleep when I felt a soft touch on my shoulder.
2．Don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.
3．Whether you agree or not，the saying does reflect its vital role in the city’s evolution.
4．I also water the flowers in the yard and tidy up my own bedroom whenever/when/if necessary.
5．Natural bird habitats are most commonly found where there is an ample supply of water for drinking，swimming and bathing.
6．Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview，my daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf.
Ⅱ.完成句子(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)
1．他坐到老人的对面以便能听得更清楚。
He sat opposite the old man so that he could hear more clearly.
2．每当我灰心丧气的时候我的老师总是给予我信心。
My teacher always gave me confidence every/each time I lost heart.
3．一拿到自己的体检报告他就松了口气。
He finally got relieved the moment/the minute/the instant/immediately/directly/as soon as/instantly he got his medical examination report.
4．无论你多忙，你都应该去机场为他们送行。
However/No matter how busy you are，you should see them off at the airport.
5．如果您能给我这个机会，我将不胜感激。
I would be very grateful if you could offer me the opportunity.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Hiring processes can be thought of as a battle between integrity and dishonesty.You might imagine this is a simple fight between truth-seeking firms and self-promoting candidates，and to a certain extent it is.But companies themselves are prone(有倾向的) to bend reality out of shape in ways that are self-defeating.
Start with the obvious wrongdoers: job applicants.When it comes to writing the résumé(简历)，they tend to massage(美化) reality into the most appealing shape possible.Everyone beyond a certain level of experience is a transformational leader personally responsible for generating millions income; the world economy would be about 15 times bigger than it actually is if all such claims were true.The average British spends four and a half hours a day watching TV and online videos.But each average job candidate is an enthusiast for public welfare，using their spare time only for worthy purposes，like volunteering in soup kitchens.
But the tendency to stretch the truth infects companies as well as applicants.The typical firm will write a job description that invariably describes the work environment as fast-paced and innovative，and then lays out a set of improbable requirements for the “ideal candidate”，someone who almost by definition does not exist.Sometimes，the requirements include an ability to go back and change the course of history.
Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves in their job previews，which are supposed to give prospective employees a genuine sense of the negatives and positives of the job，as well as a clear idea of the company’s corporate culture.One effective strategy is to lay out in text or video，what a typical day in the role would look like.
Such honesty can be its own reward.Research has long suggested that realistic job previews lead to lower turnover and higher employee satisfaction.A paper in 2011 by David Eamest of Towson University and his co-authors concluded that favourable perceptions of the organisation’s honesty are the best explanation for why.So a process designed to uncover the truth about job applicants would run a lot more smoothly if firms were also honest about themselves.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了招聘过程中求职者和公司都倾向于夸大事实，很少有公司提供真实的职位预览，但研究表明诚实是一种回报，真实的职位预览会降低离职率，提高员工满意度。
1.Why are “leader” and “enthusiast” mentioned in paragraph 2
A．To present a rule.
B．To clarify a fact.
C．To make a comparison.
D．To explain a phenomenon.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，第二段中提到leader和enthusiast是为了解释一种现象，即求职者在写简历时往往会美化现实，故选D。
2．What does the underlined word “stretch” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Overstate. B．Overturn.
C．Overlook. D．Overestimate.
答案　A
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“as well as applicants”以及后文内容可知，公司和申请者一样，也有夸大事实的倾向，stretch意为“夸大”，故选A。
3．What are job previews expected to be like according to paragraph 4
A．They should show a position as it is.
B．They should be made either in text or video.
C．They should be favorable for bigger firms.
D．They should mainly contain negatives of a job.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段内容尤其是最后一句“One effective strategy is to lay out in text or video，what a typical day in the role would look like.”可知，职位预览应该展示一个职位的真实情况，故选A。
4．What does the text mainly talk about
A．Pains and gains of employees.
B．How to get the lying out of hiring.
C．How to be more appealing in hiring.
D．A wrestle between applicants and companies.
答案　B
解析　主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“Such honesty can be its own reward.”可知，文章介绍了招聘过程中求职者和公司都倾向于夸大事实，很少有公司提供真实的职位预览，但研究表明诚实是一种回报，真实的职位预览会降低离职率，提高员工满意度，B项“如何消除招聘中的谎言”能够总结文章大意，故选B。
B(此篇精读)
In Cedars，Pennsylvania，a café is giving people with different abilities，and their families a safe and inclusive① space to shine.Created in 2022，the café was a response to the need in the community for programs that would enable youth with special needs who aged out of school programs to develop social and vocational skills in a nurturing environment.
The café was the brainchild② of Pennsylvania mom Maureen Stanko，a teacher and musician.She was concerned about what her son Nick，who is neurodivergent(大脑功能异于常人的)，would be able to do after graduation.Stanko was so worried that she spoke to Nick’s therapist(治疗专家)，Tyler Kammerle，who told her that he dreamed about opening a restaurant to employ people with disabilities.The two worked together—in association with the Pillars of Love and Light Charity—to make this a reality.Two years later，the So Much To Give Inclusive Café was born.
The inclusive café has made a real difference to people’s lives.One of the staff，Lauren Oppelts，suffers from hearing damage and works as a hostess at the café.She said，“If you had invited me to be a hostess a year ago，I wouldn’t have believed you.However，I have grown so much self-confidence.I have witnessed the growth in a lot of these employees since the very，very beginning；it’s just exciting.” Stanko did not know if her son Nick would be able to work at the café，but it turned out that her son’s performance had gone beyond her expectations③.
But the café is much more than just a workplace.Stanko also wanted to create a space to coach life skills to people with disabilities.That’s why she also opened the Inspiration Studio where music，crafts，and other courses are instructed in addition to life skills.
语篇解读　本文属于新闻报道。文章报道了在宾夕法尼亚州Cedars开设的一家名为“So Much To Give Inclusive Café”的咖啡馆，它为具有不同能力和特殊情况的人群及其家庭提供一个包容和支持的空间，帮助他们发展社交和职业技能，展示了社会企业如何在社区中发挥积极作用。
5．How did Stanko help to create the café？
A．By developing social skills.
B．By teaming up with others.
C．By employing the disabled.
D．By joining in the program.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Stanko was so worried that she spoke to Nick’s therapist(治疗专家)，Tyler Kammerle...The two worked together—in association with the Pillars of Love and Light Charity...the So Much To Give Inclusive Café was born.”可知，Stanko是通过与他人合作来创建咖啡馆的。故选B。
6．What can we infer from paragraph 3
A．Nick lacks self-confidence.
B．Oppelts dislikes being a hostess.
C．The café is a life-changing place.
D．Nick’s performance dissatisfies Stanko.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段的首句和后文的例子可知，该段通过Lauren Oppelts的例子说明了咖啡馆对人们生活的正面影响，这表明这个咖啡馆是一个改变人生的地方。故选C。
7．Why did Stanko start the Inspiration Studio
A．To teach life skills.
B．To make folk crafts.
C．To explore the space.
D．To diversify the courses.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Stanko also wanted to create a space to coach life skills to people with disabilities.That’s why she also opened the Inspiration Studio”可知，Stanko开设灵感工作室的目的之一就是教授残障人士生活技能。故选A。
8．Which word can best describe Stanko
A．Demanding. B．Thoughtful.
C．Proud. D．Humble.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中Lauren Oppelts的例子和最后一段中介绍的关于Stanko开设灵感工作室的原因可知，Stanko关注到社区中特殊青少年的需求，与他人合作创立了这家提供工作机会的咖啡馆，后来又开设了教授生活技能的灵感工作室，这展现了她对他人周到体贴的照顾。故选B。
[语境猜词]
①inclusive(派)＝inclu(de)＋sive adj.包容广阔的
②brainchild(合)＝brain＋child n．主意，发明
③go beyond one’s expectations 超出某人的预期
[句式分析]
Created in 2022，the café was a response to the need in the community for programs that would enable youth with special needs who aged out of school programs to develop social and vocational skills in a nurturing environment.
分析：此句为复合句。created in 2022为过去分词短语作状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词programs；with special needs为介词短语作后置定语，修饰youth；who aged out of school programs为定语从句，修饰先行词youth with special needs；enable sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“使某人有能力做某事”。
翻译：该咖啡馆创建于2022年，是对社区项目需求的回应，这些项目将使因超龄而不能参加学校项目的有特殊需求的青年，在充满关爱的环境中培养社交能力和职业技能。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
In life，we make many decisions that define who we truly are.It feels really good to live with integrity，once we master this quality，both our career and lives can develop better.
What is the meaning of integrity Integrity means living your life according to your own morals and ethics(道德标准)． 1 Alongside that，you must also know what the purpose of your life is，and what you intend to do with your life.
Here are some of the ways to develop and preserve integrity!
Define Your Values Clearly
The first step to developing your integrity is to define your values.Every person has a set of values that they live by.You must acknowledge them as you go further in life. 2
Analyze Each and Every Choice
3 Practicing integrity means making the right decision no matter what.Some seemingly right decisions that we make in life could be disastrous for some.Honesty and integrity aren’t something that you must practice when it is convenient for you.You must always be like that whatever the circumstances are.
Apply Your Ethics in the World
4 We learn so many great things in childhood，some of which are habits that we follow for our whole life.Practicing integrity is just like that，you would just be practicing your everyday life but with more analysis.
Having integrity also means more than being consistent. 5 We must not always do what comes naturally to us because it is our nature to shy away from difficulties.We must find the courage within ourselves to face all the difficulties in life，only then will we become successful.
A．Sometimes we have to face the unavoidable.
B．Always remember that your choices define you ultimately.
C．Sometimes we need to decide what we want to achieve in life.
D．There are circumstances when right and wrong are very apparent.
E．To have integrity，you must clearly know what is right and wrong.
F．Always find ways to apply your ethics and morals in everyday life.
G．No matter what happens，you will never go against your core values.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些培养和保持正直的方法。
1．答案　E
解析　根据下文“Alongside that，you must also know what the purpose of your life is，and what you intend to do with your life.”可知，除了上述内容，你还必须要知道生活的目的以及如何过自己的生活，因此，下文是对设空处的补充。E选项指出要想拥有正直的品格，你必须清楚地知道什么是对，什么是错。下文中that指代“你必须清楚地知道什么是对，什么是错”的事实。故E选项引起下文，符合语境。故选E。
2．答案　G
解析　本段主旨“Define Your Values Clearly”强调的是培养和保持正直的重要方法是要明确自己的价值观。G选项“No matter what happens，you will never go against your core values.”中的core values与本段主旨呼应。故选G。
3．答案　B
解析　根据本段主旨“Analyze Each and Every Choice”以及下文“Practicing integrity means making the right decision no matter what.”可知此处强调要坚持做正确的选择。B选项“Always remember that your choices define you ultimately.”引起下文，强调坚持做正确的选择，同时也与该段落主旨呼应。故选B。
4．答案　F
解析　根据本段主旨“Apply Your Ethics in the World”可知，本段主要讲述的是在生活中运用自己的道德观。F选项“Always find ways to apply your ethics and morals in everyday life.”与本段主旨呼应。故选F。
5．答案　A
解析　根据下文“We must not always do what comes naturally to us because it is our nature to shy away from difficulties.”可知，我们不能总是随遇而安，因为畏难是人类的天性，故而可推测设空处应提到我们需要敢于面对困难。A选项“Sometimes we have to face the unavoidable.”符合语境。故选A。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
KV Priyesh，a fisherman,1. (live) in Kerala’s Kozhikode District，was increasingly disturbed by the amount of plastic waste that would get 2. (trap) in his fishing nets，every time he went out to the sea.
While out on his boat in Chombala Harbor in Kerala，India，KV Priyesh noticed that his nets would pull in just as much plastic waste as they would fish.This was not only counterproductive，but it was also 3. (deep) disturbing.
“The sea is my home，”4. 30-year-old fisherman told The Better India.“How would you feel if everyone is trashing your home and there is so much garbage 5.______________ you can’t breathe That is perhaps how the 6. (creature) in the ocean feel.While most people think that the waste can 7. (find) largely along the shores，the reality is that one can find it in the deep parts of the ocean as well，” he said.“It’s not just tourists cruising on ferries；even fishermen are 8. (guilt) of throwing plastic bottles that they carry with them to the sea.”
Over time，Priyesh began collecting plastic waste each night 9. teamed up with a local businessman who owns a plastic shredder(破碎机)．They estimate that they 10.____________(collect) 13.5 metric tons of plastic over the years，and their efforts have been recognized by community members.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了住在喀拉拉邦科泽科德区的30岁渔民KV Priyesh每次出海时都会被渔网中的塑料垃圾所困扰，然后他开始和朋友一起捡垃圾的故事。
1．答案　living
解析　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，所以此处用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语a fisherman与live之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故填living。
2．答案　trapped
解析　考查非谓语动词。get trapped in...“被困在……里面”。故填trapped。
3．答案　deeply
解析　考查副词。此处用副词deeply“非常，极其”修饰形容词disturbing。故填deeply。
4．答案　the
解析　考查冠词。“30-year-old fisherman”就是指上文提到的 KV Priyesh，表示特指，用定冠词the。故填the。
5．答案　that
解析　考查状语从句。此处是 so...that...引导的结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。故填that。
6．答案　creatures
解析　考查名词的数。海洋里的生物有很多，应用复数形式，后面的动词原形feel也是提示。故填creatures。
7．答案　be found
解析　考查被动语态。the waste 和 find 之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be found。
8．答案　guilty
解析　考查形容词。此处用形容词作表语，be guilty of“对……应负责任”。故填guilty。
9．答案　and
解析　考查连词。此处用and连接两个并列的谓语began和teamed up with。故填and。
10．答案　have collected
解析　考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语 over the years 可判断此处应用现在完成时。主语为they，助动词用have。故填have collected。

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