资源简介

(共88张PPT)
Period 2
Understanding each other
Unit 2
Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points
内容索引
Part 1　课文词块自查
Part 2　语言知识梳理
Part 3　基础达标检测
作业2
课文词块自查
1.有效沟通
2.提高你的沟通技巧
3.来自房间的另一边
4.被解释为……
5.伴随着
6.作为一种……的方式
7.依赖于……
8.更深入地探究……
______________________
_______________________________
___________________
_________________
_________________
______________________
_________________
______________________
sharpen your communication skills
from across the room
be interpreted as...
be accompanied by
function as a means of...
be dependent on...
look a little deeper into...
effective communication
9.作为回应
10.发回一条编码信息
11.被称为反馈
12.一名技术高超的沟通者
13.是……还是……
14.与一家大企业洽谈一笔交易
15.以一种直截了当的方式
16.同样重要
17.传递信息
negotiate with a large enterprise about a deal
be referred to as feedback
a highly competent communicator
whether...or...
in a straightforward manner
be equally important
__________
___________________________
_______________________
______________________________
_____________
_______________________________________
_________________________
__________________
_________________
deliver the message
in response
send an encoded message back
_______________
_____________________________
_____
________________________
______________________
____________________________
_____________
18.对……专注
19.双手交叉地看向别处
20.关于
21.带着困惑的表情
22.对……了如指掌
23.低估同理心的价值
24.试图做某事
be attentive to...
look away with your arms folded
as to
with a confused expression
be knowledgeable about
understate the value of empathy
seek to do sth
______________________
____________________
_____________________
_________________
_________________________
____________
_________________
25.设身处地
26.从某人的角度
27.使某人参与(做)某事
28.对……感到困惑
29.认真考虑
30.观点
31.同情某人
put yourself in sb’s shoes
from one’s perspective
engage sb in (doing) sth
be confused about
give serious consideration to
point of view
empathize with sb
_________________________________________
___________________________________________
_________________________________
32.相应地调整自己的语调
33.妥善解决分歧
34.改善与他人的互动
make adjustments to your own tone accordingly
settle differences and disagreements appropriately
improve your interactions with others
返 回
语言知识梳理
vi.(对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应(reaction n.反应；回应)
[教材原句P16]If you heard someone shout “Hey you！” from across the room，how would you react？如果你听到有人从房间另一头喊“嘿，朋友！”，你会有什么反应？
[人教版]Reacting to body language is an important component of being a teacher.
对肢体语言做出反应是教师工作的一个重要组成部分。
1
react
(1)Most people present at the meeting reacted angrily the strategy，which they thought was somewhat cruel and would even produce a series of bad (react).At last，the strategy was not approved.
to
·react to对……作出反应
react against反抗，反对
react with同……起化学反应；产生……反应
·in reaction to应对；针对
reactions
(2)(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)我们别无选择，只能用喷雾剂应对熊的攻击。
We had no choice but to use the spray ______________________
.
写作佳句
in reaction to the bear’s
attack
(3)(读后续写之情绪描写)不知道父亲会如何对我的决定作出反应，我紧张地搓着双手。出乎意料的是，他没有反对我决定要做的事情，他的积极反应让我震惊得睁大了眼睛。
Not knowing how my father would ，I rubbed my hands nervously.Unexpectedly，he ______________
what I had determined to do and _________________
shocked me so much that my eyes were wide open.
react to my decision
didn’t react
against
his positive reaction
vt.满足需要；相配，合身 n.套装，西装，西服(suited adj.适合；般配的 suitable adj.合适的；适宜的)
2
suit
[教材原句P16]Depending on whether you are communicating with a stranger，friend，family member or co- worker，you will need to decide which communication channel best suits the situation.
根据你是否在跟一位陌生人、朋友、家人或者同事沟通，你将需要决定哪种沟通渠道最适合当下的情况。
[人教版]There is Chinese food to suit everyone’s taste，with traditional dishes from all over China.
这里有着来自中国各地的传统菜肴，各种口味，应有尽有。
(1)There is little doubt that graduates now have some difficulty finding
(suit) jobs.
·suit...to...使……适合……
suit one’s needs适合/满足某人的需要
·be suited to/for适合于
·be suitable for适合于
be suitable to do sth适合做某事
suitable
(2)(应用文写作之活动安排)我真诚地希望以上安排能满足你的需要。如果不合适，我会调整之前的安排，直到适合你。
I sincerely hope that above arrangements can .If not，I will adjust former arrangements until ________________
.
写作佳句
suit your needs
they suit/are suited
to/are suitable for you
(3)(应用文写作之推荐信)我向您强烈推荐的这位纯真的女孩，英语水平高，沟通能力强，适合承担接待工作。她有能力使交换生适应我们学校的新环境。
Having a good command of English and possessing superb communication skills，the innocent girl I strongly recommend to you the reception work.She has the ability to _______________________________________________
.
is suitable to take on
suit exchange students to the new surroundings in our
school
vt.& vi.谈判；商定，达成(协议)(negotiation n.谈判；协商)
3
negotiate
[教材原句P17]For example，if you are a business person negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal，you should do it face to face，using formal language in a straightforward manner.例如，如果你是一名商务人士，正在与一家大型企业洽谈一笔交易，你应该面对面地、用正式的语言并以直截了当的方式进行沟通。
·negotiate with sb for/about/on sth与某人协商某事
·in negotiation with...和……协商
under negotiation在谈判中；在商讨中
[人教版]Here，merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals，which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
在这里，来自中国和许多其他地方的商人汇聚一起，洽谈贸易协议，这也增进了对彼此文化的认识。
(1)在过去的两个月里，工人们一直在和他们的老板协商增加奖金。
The workers their boss for more bonuses in the last two months.
(2)举办此次会议是否值得的问题仍在商讨之中。
The issue whether it is worthwhile to hold the meeting is still __________
.
(3)参加课外活动可以让我们学习如何与同学进行协商与合作。
Participating in extra -curricular activities enables us __________________
.
have been negotiating with/in negotiation with
under
negotiation/being negotiated
to learn how to
negotiate and cooperate with fellow students
处于某人的境地，设身处地
[教材原句P17]Seek to understand the other person’s emotions，by putting yourself in their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective.
通过设身处地地为对方着想，从对方的角度看待情况，从而试着理解对方的情绪。
4
put yourself in sb’s shoes
be in sb’s shoes处于某人的境地，设身处地
step into sb’s shoes接替某人的工作
shake in one’s shoes 非常害怕(或紧张)；战战兢兢；心惊肉跳
(1)很明显，在公司里没有人能取代得了他的位置。
It’s obvious that in the company.
(2)她害怕蛇，所以一看到蛇她就会心惊肉跳。
She is frightened of snakes，so .
(3)你应该偶尔设身处地地为他着想，只有这样你才能了解他的处境，获得相互尊重。
You are supposed to once in a while.Only in this way can you understand his situation and gain mutual respect.
no one can step into his shoes
she will shake in her shoes once she sees one
put yourself in his shoes/be in his shoes
n.同情；赞同(sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的 sympathetically adv.同情地)
5
sympathy
[教材原句P17]To engage him or her in the discussion and make your communication more effective，you may express your sympathy by，for instance，saying，“I understand how you feel...”
为了让他(她)参与讨论，并且使你的沟通更为有效，你可以通过语言表达你的同感，比如对他(她)说：“我理解你的感受……”
[外研版]I tried to think of some words of sympathy，but I had to admit that the Rainbow Bookstore couldn’t stay in business much longer.
我想要说些同情的话，却发现自己不得不承认彩虹书店的确开不下去了。
·have/express/feel/show sympathy for sb向某人表示体恤；对某人感到
同情
in sympathy with支持；赞同
out of sympathy出于同情
in/with sympathy＝sympathetically同情地
·be sympathetic to/towards同情；赞同
(1)As a (sympathy) person，I have sympathy the homeless.
sympathetic
for
(2)(读后续写之善举)Mrs Meredith同情那些急需帮助的穷人。出于同情，她只要有时间就给他们送去食物和药品。
Mrs Meredith __________________________________________
who urgently needed assistance，and
，she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time.
写作佳句
was sympathetic towards/to the poor/had
sympathy for the poor
out of sympathy
(3)(读后续写之动作、情感描写)她走近那个可怜的男孩，同情地把他抱在怀里，低声鼓励说：“虽然他们不支持你，但你不要灰心。”
Approaching the poor boy，she ___________________________
，whispering encouragingly，“Although _____________________________________________
，you mustn’t lose heart.”
gathered him into her arms
in/with sympathy/sympathetically
they are not sympathetic to/towards you/they are not
in sympathy with you
[教材原句P17]Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and empathize with them.
只有当你认真考虑他们的想法时，你才能了解他们为什么会有这样的情绪，并与他们产生共鸣。
是……的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占；解释
6
account for sth
on account of由于；因为
on no account决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
take...into account/consideration
take account of...
考虑……
(1)(应用文写作之申请信)如果您能在方便的时候考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。
I’d appreciate it if _______________________________________
at your convenience.
写作佳句
you could take my application into account/
consideration/take account of my application
(2)(读后续写之片段描写)由于一场突如其来的大雨，我们更难找到回家的路，但我们咬紧牙关。我们决不会屈服于目前的困难。
We had more trouble finding our way home _________________
，but we gritted our teeth.__________
resign ourselves to the present difficulty.
on account of an
unexpected heavy rain
On no
account would we
[教材原句P17]You may not approve of their ideas but at least you will see where they are coming from，which means you can make adjustments to your own tone and choice of words accordingly.你可能不赞同他们的观点，但至少你会明白这些观点从何而来，这意味着你可以相应地调整自己的语气和用词。
vi.& vt.赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)(approval n.赞成；同意；批准，通过，认可 approving adj.赞成的；赞许的 disapprove vt.& vi.不赞成 disapproval n.不赞成，反对)
7
approve
[人教版]In other countries，by contrast，eye contact is not always approved of.
相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。
·approve of赞同，赞成
·meet with one’s approval得到某人的赞同/认可
give one’s approval to...某人批准……
(1)(2024·上海6月，书面表达)当你母亲不同意你做饭时，我很理解你有多难过，所以我写信是为了给你一些建议，告诉你如何说服你母亲同意你做饭。
I quite well understand how upset you are when _____________
，so I am writing to offer you some suggestions on how to convince your mother to __________
.
写作佳句
your mother
disapproves of your cooking
approve of
your cooking/give her approval to your cooking
(2)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)爸爸赞同双胞胎做母亲节早餐，并对他们点头表示赞成。得到爸爸的认可后，这对双胞胎笑得合不拢嘴。
Dad ___________________________________________________
and he gave them ________________. After__________________
，the twins grinned from ear to ear.
approved of the twins’ cooking a Mother’s Day breakfast
an approving nod
approval
meeting with Dad’s
[教材原句P16]Much of what we communicate is dependent not only on the words we use，but also on how we use them.我们沟通的许多内容不仅取决于我们所使用的词语，还取决于我们如何运用它们。
[结构分析]本句为主从复合句。其中what引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语；第一个we use为省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词words；how引导宾语从句，作介词on的宾语。
8
not only...but also...
·not only...but also...意为“不仅……而且……”，用于连接两个并列的成
分，着重强调后者，其中also有时可以省略；
·not only...but (also)...连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词要遵循
“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词和最近的主语保持一致；
·not only...but (also)...连接两个句子，且not only位于句首时，not only
后面的句子要用部分倒装，但but (also)后的句子不倒装。
(1)Not only my parents but also I (be) fond of traveling around，so we travel every year.
am
(2)(话题写作之地点介绍)首先，北京是中国的首都。此外，北京不仅是我国的政治中心，而且是我国的经济中心。
Firstly，Beijing is the capital of China.Besides，Beijing ______
_______________________________________________________________.
写作佳句
is not
only the political center but also the economic center of our country
(3)(2024·天津3月，书面表达)在购物应用程序和人工智能技术的帮助下，人们不仅可以购买自己想要的东西，还可以“试穿”衣服或鞋子。
With the help of shopping apps and AI technology，__________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
not only can people purchase what they desire but they can also “try on” clothes or shoes/people can not only purchase what they desire but also “try on” clothes or shoes
返 回
基础达标检测
1.I don’t (赞成，赞同) your spoiling the child like that.
2.The parents were disappointed that their children tended to __________
(反抗) their will.
3.You will understand why I have made such a decision if you _________
(处于我的境地).
4.Tom couldn’t finish his work on time，so his boss called him to _______
(解释) failing to meet the deadline.
5. (出于同情) for the earthquake victims，the kind hearted lady gave away her clothes and quilts to them.
approve of
Ⅰ.短语填空
react
against
put
yourself in my shoes
account
for
Out of sympathy
1.如果不小心处理，情况将变得更糟。
，the situation will get worse.
2.只有以这种方式，我们才能有效地利用网络并生活在一个更加和谐的社会之中。
and live in a more harmonious society.
3.不仅汤姆而且老师们都厌倦了一次又一次的考试。
Not only Tom but also teachers .
If (it is) not dealt with carefully
Ⅱ.完成句子
Only in this way can we make effective use of the Internet
are tired of one examination after another
返 回
作业2
1.She kept her hands (fold) on her lap，pretending to be listening carefully.
2.He has some virtues and I hold the strong belief that he is competent __
(do) the job.
3.My gentle mother is (sympathy) to the injured girl and has determined to help her.
4.He is a (knowledge) person and has lots of experience in developing new software.
5.The issue whether it is worthwhile to hold the Olympic Games is still under (negotiate).
folded
to
do
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
sympathetic
knowledgeable
negotiation
1.随着科学和经济的发展，电子通信占我们日常互动的很大一部分。(account for)
With the development of science and economy，e-communications
.
2.但我并不赞同电子通信。(approve)
But I e-communications.
account for a large part of our daily interactions
Ⅱ.主题微写作
do not approve of
3.它们不仅降低了沟通的有效性，还使人们不愿意面对面地交谈。(not only置于句首)
but they also make people unwilling to talk with each other face to face.
4.因此，在我看来，我们应该以科学的方式应对电子通信。(react；in a...manner)
Therefore，in my opinion，we should _____________________________
.
Not only do they decrease the effectiveness of communication
react to e-communications in a
scientific manner
5.在充分利用电子通信的同时，我们还应该面对面地就问题进行协商。(negotiate)
While making full use of e-communications，we should also ___________
.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
negotiate
with each other about matters face to face
A
Researchers from The University of Queensland(UQ) have helped design a new app to protect birds at risk of extinction across the world by eliminating(消除) language barriers among scientists.The Bird Language Diversity web app will help provide a “bird’s eye view”，ensuring vital information is shared to improve worldwide conservation.
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了昆士兰大学的研究人员设计了一款新的应用程序，该应用程序通过消除科学家之间的语言障碍来保护全球濒临灭绝的鸟类。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
Dr Pablo Negret said the research team analyzed more than 10,000 bird species，and found that 1,587 species have 10 languages or more spoken within their distributions.“Scientific information on species can be spread across different languages，but valuable information can go missing or get lost in translation，” Dr Negret said.“Without enough sharing of information，this can affect the effectiveness of conservation measures.”
Take the common bird Pochard，for example.It is classified as a vulnerable species(易受威胁物种) and crosses 108 countries in Europe，Asia and North Africa，where a total of 75 official languages are spoken.The survival of the common Pochard，and so many other species，depends on effective cooperation and policy agreements among people with diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds.
This app reveals where threatened and migratory birds exist geographically，in relation to the human language spoken in those regions.“We hope the app will encourage researchers and conservation organizations to interact with their peers in other regions，especially if they speak different languages，and be a starting point to allow everyone to work together to protect threatened species，” Dr Negret said.
Dr Tatsuya Amano，a researcher and the co-author of the paper，said this work could extend further than bird species.“Any species，whether they’re mammals，amphibians(两栖动物)，or plants，with a range crossing multiple countries will be impacted by language barriers，as well as species that migrate across different countries，such as marine species and butterflies，” he said.“The impact of poor communication on such an important issue is evident，and it is the reason why we’re working hard to improve science communication across languages.”
1.For what purpose is the app developed
A.To improve worldwide conservation.
B.To educate people about bird species.
C.To collect more bird information.
D.To promote the bird diversity worldwide.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The Bird Language Diversity web app will help provide a ‘bird’s eye view’，ensuring vital information is shared to improve worldwide conservation.”可知，这款应用程序的开发目的是改善全球的保护工作。故选A。
解析
2.Why is bird Pochard mentioned in the text
A.To present valuable information collected about the bird.
B.To highlight the clear communication in its conservation.
C.To attract people with various linguistic and cultural backgrounds.
D.To show the achievements of the scientists from different countries.
√
推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“Scientific information on...of conservation measures.”以及第三段内容可推知，在文中提及潜鸭是为了强调在对其保护过程中应保持清晰的语言沟通。故选B。
解析
3.What is shown on the app
A.The producer of the app.
B.The organizations involved.
C.The information of new geographers.
D.The location of endangered birds.
√
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“This app reveals where threatened and migratory birds exist geographically，in relation to the human language spoken in those regions.”可知，该应用程序显示了濒危鸟类的地理位置。故选D。
解析
4.What can be the best title for the text
A.Birds’ Protection Is an Urgency
B.A New Bird App Helps Learn Geography
C.A New Bird App Spreads Its Wings
D.Poor Communication Impacts Cooperation
√
标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段可知，这篇文章主要介绍了一款新的应用程序，这款应用程序通过消除科学家之间的语言障碍来保护全球濒临灭绝的鸟类。因此，C选项“一款新的鸟类应用程序开始崭露头角”最能概括文章的主题。故选C。
解析
B(此篇精读)
Imagine being able to chat with an artificial intelligence(AI) chatbot about anything.What if you could discuss last night’s game，get relationship advice，or have a deep debate with the virtual assistant on your kitchen counter Large language models—capable of this level of communication—are advancing quickly enough to make this our new reality.But can we trust what artificial agents say
语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了人工智能带来的交流便利，同时指出人们对其过度信任可能带来的问题，强调应谨慎对待和合理设计使用。
There are many reasons to embrace conversational AI.The potential uses in health，education，research，and commercial spaces are mind-boggling.Virtual characters can’t replace human contact，but mental health research suggests that having something to talk to，whether real or not，can help people.
But the biggest problem is that we trust them more than we should.There’s a large body of① research in human-robot interaction which shows that people will respond to social gestures，reveal personal information，and are even willing to shift their beliefs or behaviour for an artificial agent.This kind of social trust makes us vulnerable(脆弱的) to emotional persuasion and requires careful design，as well as rules，to ensure that these systems aren’t used against people.
A chatbot may，for instance，instruct your child to touch a live② electrical plug with a coin，which has happened.The newest language models are trained on vast amounts of text found on the Internet，including harmful and misleading content.As it becomes more difficult to expect a language model’s responses，there’s more risk of unintended③ consequences.For example，if people ask their home assistant how to deal with a medical emergency，the wrong kinds of answers can be harmful.
We need to ask who creates and owns large language models，and whom this harms or benefits.Personal information that people reveal in conversation can be used for and against them.We need to ensure that this technology is designed and used responsibly.After all，humanity deserves protection，too.
5.What does the underlined word “mind-boggling” mean
A.Worthwhile. B.Reliable.
C.Incredible. D.Impossible.
词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词前文“There are many reasons to embrace conversational AI.”可知，画线词所在句是接受AI的理由之一，肯定人工智能在健康、教育、研究和商业领域的潜在用途令人难以想象，可推出画线词意为“令人难以想象的”。故选C项。
解析
√
6.What is the biggest problem with human-robot interaction
A.People may be hurt emotionally.
B.People may lack normal social life.
C.People may spend too much time online.
D.People may become too dependent on AI.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段“But the biggest problem is that we trust them more than we should...This kind of social trust makes us vulnerable(脆弱的) to emotional persuasion and requires careful design，as well as rules，to ensure that these systems aren’t used against people.”可知，人机交互的最大问题是人们可能过度依赖人工智能。故选D项。
解析
7.What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A.Latest applications and training of AI.
B.Potential risks and misuse cases of AI.
C.Challenges of predicting AI’s responses.
D.Dangers of relying on AI for emergencies.
√
段落大意题。根据第四段“A chatbot may，for instance，instruct your child to touch a live electrical plug with a coin，which has happened...For example，if people ask their home assistant how to deal with a medical emergency，the wrong kinds of answers can be harmful.”可知，第四段通过列举聊天机器人误导人类的例子，说明了人工智能的潜在风险和被误用的情况。故选B项。
解析
8.What is the author’s attitude towards chatting with AI
A.Cautious. B.Supportive.
C.Indifferent. D.Doubtful.
√
观点态度题。根据最后一段的“We need to ensure that this technology is designed and used responsibly.After all，humanity deserves protection，too.”可知，作者对与人工智能交流持谨慎态度。故选A项。
解析
①a large body of ________
②live 熟义： v.生活，生存　生义(文义)：
adj._________________________________
③unintended(派)＝un＋intend＋ed
adj.___________________
语境猜词
大量的
(电线或设备等)通电的，连着电源的
非计划的；意外的
We need to ask who creates and owns large language models，and whom this harms or benefits.
分析：此句为 句。ask后面有两个 从句，who在第一个从句中作 ，whom在第二个从句中作 。
翻译：_________________________________________________________
句式分析
复合
宾语
主语
我们需要问：谁创建并拥有大型语言模型，这对谁有害或有益。
宾语
There are plenty of things I miss about my childhood summers.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了童年时期的作者因家庭经济不富裕而不得不和妹妹在夏天分享一个芒果，长大后自己有了经济能力，可以独享芒果，这让作者非常快乐，今年假期，作者准备回老家，带一篮芒果让每个人都能享用。
Ⅳ.完形填空
What I do not miss is having to 1 a mango with my sister.My sister and I were 2 one cheek each.
1.A.pick B.seek
C.share D.weigh
2.A.allowed B.owed
C.called D.shown
√
√
1.pick选择，挑选；seek寻找；share分享；weigh称重。根据下文中的“we always had to share one mango”可知，此处是原词复现，作者和妹妹要分享一个芒果。故选C。
2.allow允许，给予；owe欠；call打电话，称呼；show表现。根据空后的“one cheek each”可知，作者和妹妹被允许每人分一半芒果。故选A。
解析
Recently，I called Mum and asked her the 3 that we always had to share one mango.“They were too expensive，” she said.That 4 .A mango was a 5 when there were four mouths to feed.
3.A.chance B.occasion
C.purpose D.reason
4.A.does harm B.makes sense
C.attracts interest D.causes trouble
5.A.necessity B.luxury
C.solution D.reward
√
√
√
3.chance机会；occasion场合，时机；purpose目的；reason原因。根据空前的“asked her the”和空后的“that we always had to share one mango”以及“They were too expensive”可知，这里指作者向妈妈询问要和妹妹分享芒果的原因。故选D。
4.do harm伤害；make sense有道理，讲得通；attract interest吸引兴趣；cause trouble造成麻烦。根据上文中的“They were too expensive”和下文中的“there were four mouths to feed”可知，当时家里有四口人需要养活，而且芒果当时很贵，所以作者和妹妹只能分享一个芒果，作者觉得妈妈回答的话很有道理。故选B。
5.necessity必需品；luxury奢侈品；solution解决办法；reward奖励。根据上文中的“They were too expensive”可知，芒果很贵，所以对一个需要解决四个人温饱问题的家庭来说，芒果是一种奢侈品。故选B。
解析
Perhaps I should see even my one cheek as a 6 ，given that many in our country couldn’t 7 more than one meal a day.
6.A.gift B.guide
C.challenge D.success
7.A.waste B.notice
C.afford D.skip
√
√
6.gift礼物；guide导游；challenge挑战；success成功。根据空后的“given that many in our country couldn’t more than one meal a day”可知，当时许多人每天最多吃得上一顿饭，而作者还能分享半只芒果，所以作者认为应该把自己分到的这半只芒果看作一份礼物。故选A。
7.waste浪费；notice注意到；afford买得起，承担得起；skip跳过，略过。根据空后的“more than one meal a day”可知，这里表示吃得起饭。故选C。
解析
I am 8 enough to be able to buy mangoes for myself now.And especially because they are so 9 —I can keep the whole fruit to myself.
8.A.strong B.free
C.greedy D.lucky
9.A.ripe B.fresh
C.soft D.cheap
√
√
8.strong强壮的；free自由的；greedy贪婪的；lucky幸运的。根据空后的“enough to be able to buy mangoes for myself now”可知，作者现在能够自己买芒果了，所以觉得自己很幸运。故选D。
9.ripe成熟的；fresh新鲜的；soft柔软的；cheap便宜的。根据空后的“I can keep the whole fruit to myself”可知，作者可以自己吃整个芒果了，说明现在芒果便宜了。故选D。
解析
My mango obsession(迷恋) has 10 ，too.I have one on my oats(麦片粥) for breakfast and 11 it in a salad for lunch.
10.A.diversified B.turned
C.weakened D.disappeared
11.A.dry B.change
C.serve D.clean
√
√
10.diversify(使)多样化，变化，不同；turn(使)转动；weaken(使)虚弱；disappear消失。根据下文中的“I have one on my oats(麦片粥) for breakfast and it in a salad for lunch.”可知，作者把芒果加进早餐的麦片粥里和午餐的沙拉里，不再是单纯地只吃一个芒果了，说明现在的吃法变得多样了。故选A。
11.dry (使)变干；change改变；serve提供，端上；clean打扫。根据空后的“it in a salad for lunch”可知，这里指在沙拉里放一只芒果一起端上。故选C。
解析
Sadly，I do have to cut the fruit myself now.Standing in my kitchen，I don’t even 12 with a plate.I 13 into the fruit，still scoring each cheek like Mum did，and eat it right off the cutting board.
12.A.play B.bother
C.associate D.work
13.A.cut B.look
C.bite D.check
√
√
12.play玩耍；bother花费时间精力(做某事)；associate联想，联系；work工作。根据下文中的“I into the fruit，still scoring each cheek like Mum did，and eat it right off the cutting board.”可知，作者直接从切菜板上拿起来就吃掉，甚至不用费心去用盘子。故选B。
13.cut切；look看；bite咬；check检查。根据上文中的“cut the fruit myself now”和下文中的“cutting board”可知，这里表示把芒果切开。cut into意为“切开”。故选A。
解析
It’s a simple pleasure but eating whole mangoes is one of my greatest adult 14 .And this holiday season，when I go back to my childhood home，I’m bringing a basket of mangoes. 15 for one each.
14.A.adventures B.expenses
C.enjoyments D.achievements
15.A.Grateful B.Thirsty
C.Helpful D.Enough
√
√
14.adventure冒险；expense开销，开支；enjoyment乐事，令人愉快的事；achievement成就，成绩。根据上文中的“a simple pleasure”并结合上文对作者成年后实现吃芒果自由的描述可知，作者觉得吃整个芒果是自己成年后的最大乐趣之一。故选C。
15.grateful感激的；thirsty口渴的；helpful有帮助的；enough足够的。根据空前的“I’m bringing a basket of mangoes”可知，作者带了一篮子芒果，足够给家里的每个人分一个。故选D。
解析
返 回
本课结束Period 2　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points
1．有效沟通 effective communication
2．提高你的沟通技巧sharpen your communication skills
3．来自房间的另一边 from across the room
4．被解释为…… be interpreted as...
5．伴随着 be accompanied by
6．作为一种……的方式 function as a means of...
7．依赖于…… be dependent on...
8．更深入地探究…… look a little deeper into...
9．作为回应 in response
10．发回一条编码信息send an encoded message back
11．被称为反馈 be referred to as feedback
12．一名技术高超的沟通者a highly competent communicator
13．是……还是…… whether...or...
14．与一家大企业洽谈一笔交易negotiate with a large enterprise about a deal
15．以一种直截了当的方式in a straightforward manner
16．同样重要be equally important
17．传递信息deliver the message
18．对……专注be attentive to...
19．双手交叉地看向别处look away with your arms folded
20．关于as to
21．带着困惑的表情with a confused expression
22．对……了如指掌be knowledgeable about
23．低估同理心的价值understate the value of empathy
24．试图做某事seek to do sth
25．设身处地put yourself in sb’s shoes
26．从某人的角度from one’s perspective
27．使某人参与(做)某事engage sb in (doing) sth
28．对……感到困惑 be confused about
29．认真考虑 give serious consideration to
30．观点 point of view
31．同情某人empathize with sb
32．相应地调整自己的语调 make adjustments to your own tone accordingly
33．妥善解决分歧settle differences and disagreements appropriately
34．改善与他人的互动improve your interactions with others
react vi.(对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应(reaction n．反应；回应)
[教材原句P16]If you heard someone shout “Hey you！” from across the room，how would you react？如果你听到有人从房间另一头喊“嘿，朋友！”，你会有什么反应？
[人教版]Reacting to body language is an important component of being a teacher.
对肢体语言做出反应是教师工作的一个重要组成部分。
·react to对……作出反应 react against反抗，反对 react with同……起化学反应；产生……反应 ·in reaction to应对；针对
(1)Most people present at the meeting reacted angrily to the strategy，which they thought was somewhat cruel and would even produce a series of bad reactions(react)．At last，the strategy was not approved.
[写作佳句]
(2)(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)我们别无选择，只能用喷雾剂应对熊的攻击。
We had no choice but to use the spray in reaction to the bear’s attack.
(3)(读后续写之情绪描写)不知道父亲会如何对我的决定作出反应，我紧张地搓着双手。出乎意料的是，他没有反对我决定要做的事情，他的积极反应让我震惊得睁大了眼睛。
Not knowing how my father would react to my decision，I rubbed my hands nervously.Unexpectedly，he didn’t react against what I had determined to do and his positive reaction shocked me so much that my eyes were wide open.
suit vt.满足需要；相配，合身 n．套装，西装，西服(suited adj.适合；般配的 suitable adj.合适的；适宜的)
[教材原句P16]Depending on whether you are communicating with a stranger，friend，family member or co worker，you will need to decide which communication channel best suits the situation.
根据你是否在跟一位陌生人、朋友、家人或者同事沟通，你将需要决定哪种沟通渠道最适合当下的情况。
[人教版]There is Chinese food to suit everyone’s taste，with traditional dishes from all over China.
这里有着来自中国各地的传统菜肴，各种口味，应有尽有。
·suit...to...使……适合…… suit one’s needs适合/满足某人的需要 ·be suited to/for适合于 ·be suitable for适合于 be suitable to do sth适合做某事
(1)There is little doubt that graduates now have some difficulty finding suitable(suit) jobs.
[写作佳句]
(2)(应用文写作之活动安排)我真诚地希望以上安排能满足你的需要。如果不合适，我会调整之前的安排，直到适合你。
I sincerely hope that above arrangements can suit your needs.If not，I will adjust former arrangements until they suit/are suited to/are suitable for you.
(3)(应用文写作之推荐信)我向您强烈推荐的这位纯真的女孩，英语水平高，沟通能力强，适合承担接待工作。她有能力使交换生适应我们学校的新环境。
Having a good command of English and possessing superb communication skills，the innocent girl I strongly recommend to you is suitable to take on the reception work.She has the ability to suit exchange students to the new surroundings in our school.
negotiate vt.& vi.谈判；商定，达成(协议)(negotiation n．谈判；协商)
[教材原句P17]For example，if you are a business person negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal，you should do it face to face，using formal language in a straightforward manner.例如，如果你是一名商务人士，正在与一家大型企业洽谈一笔交易，你应该面对面地、用正式的语言并以直截了当的方式进行沟通。
[人教版]Here，merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals，which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
在这里，来自中国和许多其他地方的商人汇聚一起，洽谈贸易协议，这也增进了对彼此文化的认识。
·negotiate with sb for/about/on sth与某人协商某事 ·in negotiation with...和……协商 under negotiation在谈判中；在商讨中
(1)在过去的两个月里，工人们一直在和他们的老板协商增加奖金。
The workers have been negotiating with/in negotiation with their boss for more bonuses in the last two months.
(2)举办此次会议是否值得的问题仍在商讨之中。
The issue whether it is worthwhile to hold the meeting is still under negotiation/being negotiated.
(3)参加课外活动可以让我们学习如何与同学进行协商与合作。
Participating in extra curricular activities enables us to learn how to negotiate and cooperate with fellow students.
put yourself in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地
[教材原句P17]Seek to understand the other person’s emotions，by putting yourself in their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective.
通过设身处地地为对方着想，从对方的角度看待情况，从而试着理解对方的情绪。
be in sb’s shoes处于某人的境地，设身处地 step into sb’s shoes接替某人的工作 shake in one’s shoes 非常害怕(或紧张)；战战兢兢；心惊肉跳
(1)很明显，在公司里没有人能取代得了他的位置。
It’s obvious that no one can step into his shoes in the company.
(2)她害怕蛇，所以一看到蛇她就会心惊肉跳。
She is frightened of snakes，so she will shake in her shoes once she sees one.
(3)你应该偶尔设身处地地为他着想，只有这样你才能了解他的处境，获得相互尊重。
You are supposed to put yourself in his shoes/be in his shoes once in a while.Only in this way can you understand his situation and gain mutual respect.
sympathy n．同情；赞同(sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的 sympathetically adv.同情地)
[教材原句P17]To engage him or her in the discussion and make your communication more effective，you may express your sympathy by，for instance，saying，“I understand how you feel...”
为了让他(她)参与讨论，并且使你的沟通更为有效，你可以通过语言表达你的同感，比如对他(她)说：“我理解你的感受……”
[外研版]I tried to think of some words of sympathy，but I had to admit that the Rainbow Bookstore couldn’t stay in business much longer.
我想要说些同情的话，却发现自己不得不承认彩虹书店的确开不下去了。
·have/express/feel/show sympathy for sb向某人表示体恤；对某人感到同情 in sympathy with支持；赞同 out of sympathy出于同情 in/with sympathy＝sympathetically同情地 ·be sympathetic to/towards同情；赞同
(1)As a sympathetic(sympathy) person，I have sympathy for the homeless.
[写作佳句]
(2)(读后续写之善举)Mrs Meredith同情那些急需帮助的穷人。出于同情，她只要有时间就给他们送去食物和药品。
Mrs Meredith was sympathetic towards/to the poor/had sympathy for the poor who urgently needed assistance，and out of sympathy，she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time.
(3)(读后续写之动作、情感描写)她走近那个可怜的男孩，同情地把他抱在怀里，低声鼓励说：“虽然他们不支持你，但你不要灰心。”
Approaching the poor boy，she gathered him into her arms in/with sympathy/sympathetically，whispering encouragingly，“Although they are not sympathetic to/towards you/they are not in sympathy with you，you mustn’t lose heart.”
account for sth 是……的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占；解释
[教材原句P17]Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and empathize with them.
只有当你认真考虑他们的想法时，你才能了解他们为什么会有这样的情绪，并与他们产生共鸣。
on account of由于；因为 on no account决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装) 考虑……
[写作佳句]
(1)(应用文写作之申请信)如果您能在方便的时候考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。
I’d appreciate it if you could take my application into account/consideration/take account of my application at your convenience.
(2)(读后续写之片段描写)由于一场突如其来的大雨，我们更难找到回家的路，但我们咬紧牙关。我们决不会屈服于目前的困难。
We had more trouble finding our way home on account of an unexpected heavy rain，but we gritted our teeth.On no account would we resign ourselves to the present difficulty.
approve vi.& vt.赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)(approval n．赞成；同意；批准，通过，认可 approving adj.赞成的；赞许的 disapprove vt.& vi.不赞成 disapproval n．不赞成，反对)
[教材原句P17]You may not approve of their ideas but at least you will see where they are coming from，which means you can make adjustments to your own tone and choice of words accordingly.你可能不赞同他们的观点，但至少你会明白这些观点从何而来，这意味着你可以相应地调整自己的语气和用词。
[人教版]In other countries，by contrast，eye contact is not always approved of.
相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。
·approve of赞同，赞成 ·meet with one’s approval得到某人的赞同/认可 give one’s approval to...某人批准……
[写作佳句]
(1)(2024·上海6月，书面表达)当你母亲不同意你做饭时，我很理解你有多难过，所以我写信是为了给你一些建议，告诉你如何说服你母亲同意你做饭。
I quite well understand how upset you are when your mother disapproves of your cooking，so I am writing to offer you some suggestions on how to convince your mother to approve of your cooking/give her approval to your cooking.
(2)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)爸爸赞同双胞胎做母亲节早餐，并对他们点头表示赞成。得到爸爸的认可后，这对双胞胎笑得合不拢嘴。
Dad approved of the twins’ cooking a Mother’s Day breakfast and he gave them an approving nod.After meeting with Dad’s approval，the twins grinned from ear to ear.
not only...but also...
[教材原句P16]Much of what we communicate is dependent not only on the words we use，but also on how we use them.我们沟通的许多内容不仅取决于我们所使用的词语，还取决于我们如何运用它们。
[结构分析]本句为主从复合句。其中what引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语；第一个we use为省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词words；how引导宾语从句，作介词on的宾语。
·not only...but also...意为“不仅……而且……”，用于连接两个并列的成分，着重强调后者，其中also有时可以省略； ·not only...but (also)...连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词要遵循“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词和最近的主语保持一致； ·not only...but (also)...连接两个句子，且not only位于句首时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装，但but (also)后的句子不倒装。
(1)Not only my parents but also I am(be) fond of traveling around，so we travel every year.
[写作佳句]
(2)(话题写作之地点介绍)首先，北京是中国的首都。此外，北京不仅是我国的政治中心，而且是我国的经济中心。
Firstly，Beijing is the capital of China.Besides，Beijing is not only the political center but also the economic center of our country.
(3)(2024·天津3月，书面表达)在购物应用程序和人工智能技术的帮助下，人们不仅可以购买自己想要的东西，还可以“试穿”衣服或鞋子。
With the help of shopping apps and AI technology，not only can people purchase what they desire but they can also “try on” clothes or shoes/people can not only purchase what they desire but also “try on” clothes or shoes.
Ⅰ.短语填空
1．I don’t approve of(赞成，赞同) your spoiling the child like that.
2．The parents were disappointed that their children tended to react against(反抗) their will.
3．You will understand why I have made such a decision if you put yourself in my shoes(处于我的境地)．
4．Tom couldn’t finish his work on time，so his boss called him to account for(解释) failing to meet the deadline.
5．Out of sympathy(出于同情) for the earthquake victims，the kind hearted lady gave away her clothes and quilts to them.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．如果不小心处理，情况将变得更糟。
If (it is) not dealt with carefully，the situation will get worse.
2．只有以这种方式，我们才能有效地利用网络并生活在一个更加和谐的社会之中。
Only in this way can we make effective use of the Internet and live in a more harmonious society.
3．不仅汤姆而且老师们都厌倦了一次又一次的考试。
Not only Tom but also teachers are tired of one examination after another.
作业2　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points
[分值：57.5分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
1．She kept her hands folded(fold) on her lap，pretending to be listening carefully.
2．He has some virtues and I hold the strong belief that he is competent to do(do) the job.
3．My gentle mother is sympathetic(sympathy) to the injured girl and has determined to help her.
4．He is a knowledgeable(knowledge) person and has lots of experience in developing new software.
5．The issue whether it is worthwhile to hold the Olympic Games is still under negotiation(negotiate)．
Ⅱ.主题微写作(满分15分)
1．随着科学和经济的发展，电子通信占我们日常互动的很大一部分。(account for)
With the development of science and economy，e-communications account for a large part of our daily interactions.
2．但我并不赞同电子通信。(approve)
But I do not approve of e-communications.
3．它们不仅降低了沟通的有效性，还使人们不愿意面对面地交谈。(not only置于句首)
Not only do they decrease the effectiveness of communication but they also make people unwilling to talk with each other face to face.
4．因此，在我看来，我们应该以科学的方式应对电子通信。(react；in a．..manner)
Therefore，in my opinion，we should react to e-communications in a scientific manner.
5．在充分利用电子通信的同时，我们还应该面对面地就问题进行协商。(negotiate)
While making full use of e-communications，we should also negotiate with each other about matters face to face.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Researchers from The University of Queensland(UQ) have helped design a new app to protect birds at risk of extinction across the world by eliminating(消除) language barriers among scientists.The Bird Language Diversity web app will help provide a “bird’s eye view”，ensuring vital information is shared to improve worldwide conservation.
Dr Pablo Negret said the research team analyzed more than 10,000 bird species，and found that 1,587 species have 10 languages or more spoken within their distributions.“Scientific information on species can be spread across different languages，but valuable information can go missing or get lost in translation，” Dr Negret said.“Without enough sharing of information，this can affect the effectiveness of conservation measures.”
Take the common bird Pochard，for example.It is classified as a vulnerable species(易受威胁物种) and crosses 108 countries in Europe，Asia and North Africa，where a total of 75 official languages are spoken.The survival of the common Pochard，and so many other species，depends on effective cooperation and policy agreements among people with diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds.
This app reveals where threatened and migratory birds exist geographically，in relation to the human language spoken in those regions.“We hope the app will encourage researchers and conservation organizations to interact with their peers in other regions，especially if they speak different languages，and be a starting point to allow everyone to work together to protect threatened species，” Dr Negret said.
Dr Tatsuya Amano，a researcher and the co-author of the paper，said this work could extend further than bird species.“Any species，whether they’re mammals，amphibians(两栖动物)，or plants，with a range crossing multiple countries will be impacted by language barriers，as well as species that migrate across different countries，such as marine species and butterflies，” he said.“The impact of poor communication on such an important issue is evident，and it is the reason why we’re working hard to improve science communication across languages.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了昆士兰大学的研究人员设计了一款新的应用程序，该应用程序通过消除科学家之间的语言障碍来保护全球濒临灭绝的鸟类。
1．For what purpose is the app developed
A．To improve worldwide conservation.
B．To educate people about bird species.
C．To collect more bird information.
D．To promote the bird diversity worldwide.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The Bird Language Diversity web app will help provide a ‘bird’s eye view’，ensuring vital information is shared to improve worldwide conservation.”可知，这款应用程序的开发目的是改善全球的保护工作。故选A。
2．Why is bird Pochard mentioned in the text
A．To present valuable information collected about the bird.
B．To highlight the clear communication in its conservation.
C．To attract people with various linguistic and cultural backgrounds.
D．To show the achievements of the scientists from different countries.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“Scientific information on...of conservation measures.”以及第三段内容可推知，在文中提及潜鸭是为了强调在对其保护过程中应保持清晰的语言沟通。故选B。
3．What is shown on the app
A．The producer of the app.
B．The organizations involved.
C．The information of new geographers.
D．The location of endangered birds.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“This app reveals where threatened and migratory birds exist geographically，in relation to the human language spoken in those regions.”可知，该应用程序显示了濒危鸟类的地理位置。故选D。
4．What can be the best title for the text
A．Birds’ Protection Is an Urgency
B．A New Bird App Helps Learn Geography
C．A New Bird App Spreads Its Wings
D．Poor Communication Impacts Cooperation
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段可知，这篇文章主要介绍了一款新的应用程序，这款应用程序通过消除科学家之间的语言障碍来保护全球濒临灭绝的鸟类。因此，C选项“一款新的鸟类应用程序开始崭露头角”最能概括文章的主题。故选C。
B(此篇精读)
Imagine being able to chat with an artificial intelligence(AI) chatbot about anything.What if you could discuss last night’s game，get relationship advice，or have a deep debate with the virtual assistant on your kitchen counter Large language models—capable of this level of communication—are advancing quickly enough to make this our new reality.But can we trust what artificial agents say
There are many reasons to embrace conversational AI.The potential uses in health，education，research，and commercial spaces are mind-boggling.Virtual characters can’t replace human contact，but mental health research suggests that having something to talk to，whether real or not，can help people.
But the biggest problem is that we trust them more than we should.There’s a large body of① research in human-robot interaction which shows that people will respond to social gestures，reveal personal information，and are even willing to shift their beliefs or behaviour for an artificial agent.This kind of social trust makes us vulnerable(脆弱的) to emotional persuasion and requires careful design，as well as rules，to ensure that these systems aren’t used against people.
A chatbot may，for instance，instruct your child to touch a live② electrical plug with a coin，which has happened.The newest language models are trained on vast amounts of text found on the Internet，including harmful and misleading content.As it becomes more difficult to expect a language model’s responses，there’s more risk of unintended③ consequences.For example，if people ask their home assistant how to deal with a medical emergency，the wrong kinds of answers can be harmful.
We need to ask who creates and owns large language models，and whom this harms or benefits.Personal information that people reveal in conversation can be used for and against them.We need to ensure that this technology is designed and used responsibly.After all，humanity deserves protection，too.
语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了人工智能带来的交流便利，同时指出人们对其过度信任可能带来的问题，强调应谨慎对待和合理设计使用。
5．What does the underlined word “mind-boggling” mean
A．Worthwhile. B．Reliable.
C．Incredible. D．Impossible.
答案　C
解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词前文“There are many reasons to embrace conversational AI.”可知，画线词所在句是接受AI的理由之一，肯定人工智能在健康、教育、研究和商业领域的潜在用途令人难以想象，可推出画线词意为“令人难以想象的”。故选C项。
6．What is the biggest problem with human-robot interaction
A．People may be hurt emotionally.
B．People may lack normal social life.
C．People may spend too much time online.
D．People may become too dependent on AI.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“But the biggest problem is that we trust them more than we should...This kind of social trust makes us vulnerable(脆弱的) to emotional persuasion and requires careful design，as well as rules，to ensure that these systems aren’t used against people.”可知，人机交互的最大问题是人们可能过度依赖人工智能。故选D项。
7．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Latest applications and training of AI.
B．Potential risks and misuse cases of AI.
C．Challenges of predicting AI’s responses.
D．Dangers of relying on AI for emergencies.
答案　B
解析　段落大意题。根据第四段“A chatbot may，for instance，instruct your child to touch a live electrical plug with a coin，which has happened...For example，if people ask their home assistant how to deal with a medical emergency，the wrong kinds of answers can be harmful.”可知，第四段通过列举聊天机器人误导人类的例子，说明了人工智能的潜在风险和被误用的情况。故选B项。
8．What is the author’s attitude towards chatting with AI
A．Cautious. B．Supportive.
C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.
答案　A
解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段的“We need to ensure that this technology is designed and used responsibly.After all，humanity deserves protection，too.”可知，作者对与人工智能交流持谨慎态度。故选A项。
[语境猜词]
①a large body of 大量的
②live 熟义：v.生活，生存　生义(文义)：adj.(电线或设备等)通电的，连着电源的
③unintended(派)＝un＋intend＋ed adj.非计划的；意外的
[句式分析]
We need to ask who creates and owns large language models，and whom this harms or benefits.
分析：此句为复合句。ask后面有两个宾语从句，who在第一个从句中作主语，whom在第二个从句中作宾语。
翻译：我们需要问：谁创建并拥有大型语言模型，这对谁有害或有益。
Ⅳ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
There are plenty of things I miss about my childhood summers.What I do not miss is having to 1 a mango with my sister.My sister and I were 2 one cheek each.
Recently，I called Mum and asked her the 3 that we always had to share one mango.“They were too expensive，” she said.That 4 .A mango was a 5 when there were four mouths to feed.Perhaps I should see even my one cheek as a 6 ，given that many in our country couldn’t 7 more than one meal a day.
I am 8 enough to be able to buy mangoes for myself now.And especially because they are so 9 —I can keep the whole fruit to myself.My mango obsession(迷恋) has 10 ，too.I have one on my oats(麦片粥) for breakfast and 11 it in a salad for lunch.
Sadly，I do have to cut the fruit myself now.Standing in my kitchen，I don’t even 12 with a plate.I 13 into the fruit，still scoring each cheek like Mum did，and eat it right off the cutting board.
It’s a simple pleasure but eating whole mangoes is one of my greatest adult 14 .And this holiday season，when I go back to my childhood home，I’m bringing a basket of mangoes. 15 for one each.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了童年时期的作者因家庭经济不富裕而不得不和妹妹在夏天分享一个芒果，长大后自己有了经济能力，可以独享芒果，这让作者非常快乐，今年假期，作者准备回老家，带一篮芒果让每个人都能享用。
1．A.pick B．seek
C．share D．weigh
答案　C
解析　pick选择，挑选；seek寻找；share分享；weigh称重。根据下文中的“we always had to share one mango”可知，此处是原词复现，作者和妹妹要分享一个芒果。故选C。
2．A.allowed B．owed
C．called D．shown
答案　A
解析　allow允许，给予；owe欠；call打电话，称呼；show表现。根据空后的“one cheek each”可知，作者和妹妹被允许每人分一半芒果。故选A。
3．A.chance B．occasion
C．purpose D．reason
答案　D
解析　chance机会；occasion场合，时机；purpose目的；reason原因。根据空前的“asked her the”和空后的“that we always had to share one mango”以及“They were too expensive”可知，这里指作者向妈妈询问要和妹妹分享芒果的原因。故选D。
4．A.does harm B．makes sense
C．attracts interest D．causes trouble
答案　B
解析　do harm伤害；make sense有道理，讲得通；attract interest吸引兴趣；cause trouble造成麻烦。根据上文中的“They were too expensive”和下文中的“there were four mouths to feed”可知，当时家里有四口人需要养活，而且芒果当时很贵，所以作者和妹妹只能分享一个芒果，作者觉得妈妈回答的话很有道理。故选B。
5．A.necessity B．luxury
C．solution D．reward
答案　B
解析　necessity必需品；luxury奢侈品；solution解决办法；reward奖励。根据上文中的“They were too expensive”可知，芒果很贵，所以对一个需要解决四个人温饱问题的家庭来说，芒果是一种奢侈品。故选B。
6．A.gift B．guide
C．challenge D．success
答案　A
解析　gift礼物；guide导游；challenge挑战；success成功。根据空后的“given that many in our country couldn’t more than one meal a day”可知，当时许多人每天最多吃得上一顿饭，而作者还能分享半只芒果，所以作者认为应该把自己分到的这半只芒果看作一份礼物。故选A。
7．A.waste B．notice
C．afford D．skip
答案　C
解析　waste浪费；notice注意到；afford买得起，承担得起；skip跳过，略过。根据空后的“more than one meal a day”可知，这里表示吃得起饭。故选C。
8．A.strong B．free
C．greedy D．lucky
答案　D
解析　strong强壮的；free自由的；greedy贪婪的；lucky幸运的。根据空后的“enough to be able to buy mangoes for myself now”可知，作者现在能够自己买芒果了，所以觉得自己很幸运。故选D。
9．A.ripe B．fresh
C．soft D．cheap
答案　D
解析　ripe成熟的；fresh新鲜的；soft柔软的；cheap便宜的。根据空后的“I can keep the whole fruit to myself”可知，作者可以自己吃整个芒果了，说明现在芒果便宜了。故选D。
10．A.diversified B．turned
C．weakened D．disappeared
答案　A
解析　diversify(使)多样化，变化，不同；turn(使)转动；weaken(使)虚弱；disappear消失。根据下文中的“I have one on my oats(麦片粥) for breakfast and it in a salad for lunch.”可知，作者把芒果加进早餐的麦片粥里和午餐的沙拉里，不再是单纯地只吃一个芒果了，说明现在的吃法变得多样了。故选A。
11．A.dry B．change
C．serve D．clean
答案　C
解析　dry (使)变干；change改变；serve提供，端上；clean打扫。根据空后的“it in a salad for lunch”可知，这里指在沙拉里放一只芒果一起端上。故选C。
12．A.play B．bother
C．associate D．work
答案　B
解析　play玩耍；bother花费时间精力(做某事)；associate联想，联系；work工作。根据下文中的“I into the fruit，still scoring each cheek like Mum did，and eat it right off the cutting board.”可知，作者直接从切菜板上拿起来就吃掉，甚至不用费心去用盘子。故选B。
13．A.cut B．look
C．bite D．check
答案　A
解析　cut切；look看；bite咬；check检查。根据上文中的“cut the fruit myself now”和下文中的“cutting board”可知，这里表示把芒果切开。cut into意为“切开”。故选A。
14．A.adventures B．expenses
C．enjoyments D．achievements
答案　C
解析　adventure冒险；expense开销，开支；enjoyment乐事，令人愉快的事；achievement成就，成绩。根据上文中的“a simple pleasure”并结合上文对作者成年后实现吃芒果自由的描述可知，作者觉得吃整个芒果是自己成年后的最大乐趣之一。故选C。
15．A.Grateful B．Thirsty
C．Helpful D．Enough
答案　D
解析　grateful感激的；thirsty口渴的；helpful有帮助的；enough足够的。根据空前的“I’m bringing a basket of mangoes”可知，作者带了一篮子芒果，足够给家里的每个人分一个。故选D。

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