资源简介

(共85张PPT)
Period 3
Understanding each other
Unit 2
Grammar and usage—Overview of relative clauses
内容索引
情境导读
语法精讲
作业3
达标检测
情境导读
阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并完成下面的练习。
(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写改编)
I quickly searched the crowd for the school’s coach and asked him the matter ①that had happened.“I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him，②which would make him frustrated，” he explained uncomfortably.“I gave him the choice to run or not，and let him decide.”
I bit back my frustration(懊恼).I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing.After making sure that David could run if he wanted，I turned to find David，③whose small body rocked from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
David had a brain disease ④which prevented him from walking or running like other children，but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid.He always participated to the best of his ability in anything ⑤that they were doing.That was the reason ⑥why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team.It just took him longer—that’s all.David had not missed a single practice，and although he always finished his run long after the other children，he did always finish.As a special education teacher at the school ⑦who was familiar with David’s challenges，I was proud of his strong determination.
[自主发现]
1. 是限制性定语从句， 是非限制性定语从句。
2. 中的加颜色单词为关系代词； 中的加颜色单词为关系副词，可以替换为“介词＋ ”。
①④⑤⑥⑦
②③
①②③④⑤⑦
⑥
返 回
which
语法精讲
定语从句
一、定义
在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词或句子叫先行词，作先行词的可以是一个词(通常是名词，也可以是代词)，一个短语，一个分句或一个完整的句子。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大作用：连接主句和从句；替代先行词；在从句中充当句子成分。
二、定语从句的分类
定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，其区别如下：
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式 不用逗号与主句隔开 用逗号与主句隔开
功能 是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果删除，主句则失去意义或意思不完整 只是对先行词的补充说明，如果删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思
翻译 一般把定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，“……的” 通常把定语从句翻译成主句的并列句
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
关系词的使用 ①关系词作宾语时可省略 ②可用 that和why ③可用 who 代替 whom ①关系词一般不可省略
②不用 that和why
③不可用 who 代替 whom
先行词 只能是名词或代词 可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子
People who take physical exercise regularly live longer.
经常进行体育锻炼的人寿命长些。
His daughter，who is in Boston now，is coming home next week.
他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。
[温馨提示]
当先行词是way且在从句中表示“以……的方式”时，常由in which或that引导定语从句，引导词也可以省略。
The way (that/in which) he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
他向我们解释这个句子的方式并不难理解。
三、关系代词的用法
(一)关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 先行词 句法功能
who 人 作主语、宾语
whom 人 作宾语
whose(＝of whom/of which) 人或物 作定语
that 人或物 作主语、宾语、表语
which 物或事 作主语、宾语
as 人、物或事 作主语、宾语
This woman has set a good example to her son，who is a really lucky guy.
这位女士给她的儿子树立了一个好榜样，他是一个非常幸运的小伙子。
We’ll reach the sales target in a month which/that we set at the beginning of the year.
我们将在一个月内完成年初定下的销售目标。
However，because of poverty，Nolan has to leave high school and find a job，whose life/the life of whom/of whom the life is full of ups and downs.然而，由于贫困，诺兰不得不从高中辍学去找工作，他的生活充满了起起落落。
The newly -built cafe，whose walls/the walls of which/of which the walls are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.
这家新建的墙体被涂成浅绿色的咖啡厅对我们而言确实是个安静的场所，尤其是在辛苦工作之后。
I have the same difficulty as you had last year.
我遇到了和你去年一样的困难。
[温馨提示]
1.whose是表示所属关系的代词，在定语从句中作定语，修饰人或物。of which 可以代替whose 修饰物，词序一般是“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”。of whom 可以代替 whose 修饰人，词序是“the＋名词＋of whom”或“of whom＋the＋名词”。
2.as可用来引导限制性和非限制性定语从句。as的先行词通常都由same或such来修饰。
(二)关系代词that与which的用法区别
宜用that的情况 先行词是all，much，few，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one等不定代词时
先行词被all，any，few，little，much，some，no等词修饰或被the only，the very，the same，the last等修饰时
先行词是形容词的最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时
先行词是序数词或先行词前有序数词修饰时
先行词既有人又有物时
主句是who或which等引出的特殊疑问句时
宜用which的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时用which不用that
介词后用which不用that
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself？你有什么要为自己说的吗？
This is one of the most exciting basketball games that my nephew has ever seen.
这是我侄子看过的最激动人心的篮球比赛之一。
The geophysicist and his achievements that you told me are admired by us all.
我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位地球物理学家和他所取得的成就。
Which is the kindergarten that you used to be studying in
你以前就读的那家幼儿园是哪一家？
They secretly built up a small factory，which could cause pollution.他们偷偷地建了一家小工厂，这家工厂可能会造成污染。
It was hard for him to learn English in a family in which neither of the parents spoke the language.对他来说在一个父母都不说英语的家庭中学英语很难。
(三)关系代词which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
which as
位置上 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可放在主句前也可放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中。
搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember等。
从句谓语常用被动。
意思上 “这一点” “正如……，正像……的那样”
The award- winning book was written by a teenager，which was，indeed，beyond all expectations.这本获奖的书是一个十几岁的孩子写的，这确实出乎所有人的意料。
As is known to us all，failure usually results from laziness，while diligence can result in success.众所周知，失败通常源于懒惰，而勤奋可以铸就成功。
[温馨提示]
as引导的定语从句的常见结构有：
as is often the case情况常是如此
as often happens这种情况常发生
as has been said before正如以前所说的
as is known to all＝as we all know众所周知
as is reported/said正如所报道/说的那样
四、关系副词的基本用法
关系副词 先行词 句法功能
when 表时间 作时间状语
where 表地点(具体或抽象) 作地点状语
why(只引导限制性定语从句) 表原因 作原因状语
We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
我们生活在一个比以往任何时候更容易获得更多信息的时代。
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
古代中国是一个各诸侯国之间经常发生战争的地方。
The reason why my favourite sport is playing basketball is that it has been giving me strength to face the challenges in my life.
我最喜爱的体育运动是打篮球，原因是它一直给我力量来面对生活中的挑战。
[温馨提示]
where引导定语从句时，先行词除了可以是表示具体地点的名词(如place，home，school，village等)外，还可以是表示抽象地点的名词(如 job，life，situation，point，case，stage，activity 等)。
Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
在销售总监这个职位上，沟通能力和销售技巧一样重要。
To learn English effectively，you should not only have a good command of the grammar，but understand the culture where it is spoken.
要想有效地学习英语，你不仅要掌握好语法，还要了解说英语的国家的文化。
五、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.介词和关系代词的确定
若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指事/物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词可以遵循“一名二动三逻辑”的原则：①“一名”——依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定；
②“二动”——依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定；③“三逻辑”——根据从句表达的意义和先行词的逻辑关系来确定。
The man (who/whom/that) I talked with at the meeting is from Peking University.
＝The man with whom I talked at the meeting is from Peking University.
在会议中与我谈话的那个人来自北京大学。
Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.
皮鞋生意是格林一家所从事的事业。
We’ll climb Mangshan Mountain in the morning，on whose top we’ll have a picnic at noon.
我们上午要去爬莽山，中午会在山顶上野餐。
[温馨提示]
一些固定的动词词组，如look for，look after，call on等中的介词不可以提到关系代词之前。
This is the diamond (that/which) the policemen are looking for.
这就是警察正在找的那颗钻石。
2.“of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each 等代词或数词后表示整体与部分的关系可以用“of which/whom”。
He has a lot of friends，some of whom will offer help to him when he is in trouble.
他有许多朋友，当他遇到麻烦时有一些朋友会给他提供帮助。
返 回
达标检测
Dear Tom，
How are you going these days？I’m writing to tell you about our school’s Sports Club,1.___________________________________________
(体育俱乐部经常为我们学生组织各种各样的活动).
完成下列语段，尽可能地运用定语从句
which often organizes various activities for us
students
The Sports Club is located in our school’s gym,2._________________
(我们在那里可以锻炼或者练习我们的技能).At weekends，it is available to all students 3._____________________
(对体育赛事感兴趣的学生).The reason 4._____________
(我们喜欢体育俱乐部的原因) is that it enriches our campus life.
where we can take
exercise or practise our skills
who are interested in
sports events
why we like the
Sports Club
All in all，all of us can work out for half an hour every day,
5.________________________________________(通过锻炼我们可以增强体质).
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
through which we can strengthen our body
返 回
作业3
1.(2024·浙江1月)Of course，shops are not charities—they price goods in the way will make them the most money.
2.(2023·全国乙)But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place
welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life...
3.(2023·全国甲)“There was once a town in the heart of America all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins...
4.(2022·新课标Ⅰ)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
that/which
which/that
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空
where
that
5.(2022·浙江1月)Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small but growing minority of academics are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
6.In ancient China lived an artist paintings were lifelike.
7.Many lessons are now available，from students can choose for free.
8.Can you still remember the time we spent together in our childhood
who/that
whose
which
that/which
9.The number of smokers， is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
10.Many young people，most of were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
11.For instance，TCM uses about 1,000 plant and 36 animal species，including the tiger，rhinoceros，and sea horse， are all in danger.
12.Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot
it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
as
whom
which
where
1.作为晨光中学的一员，我很荣幸能够提出一个关系到我们大家的问题——建设低碳校园。
As a member of Chenguang Middle School，I feel it a privilege to put forward an issue —our commitment to a low-carbon campus.
2.太极是一种古老的武术形式，源于中国传统文化。
Tai Chi， ，is an ancient form of martial arts.
Ⅱ.完成句子
that/which concerns us all
which originates from traditional Chinese culture
3.对该活动感兴趣的人应该在截止日期之前到学生会报名。
Those should sign up at the Student Council by the deadline.
4.如果你想掌握汉语，你应该置身于一种你能轻松接触到汉语的学习氛围中。
If you want to have a good command of Chinese，you should put yourself in a learning atmosphere _________________________________________
.
who are interested in the activity
where/in which you can be exposed to Chinese
easily
A
In our fast-paced world，it’s easy to get caught up in small talk.Is there more to those conversations than meets the eye(比料想的更为复杂) In fact，small talk has the power to create meaningful connections and foster lasting relationships，all through the magic of shared hobbies.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了闲聊的重要性以及形式，鼓励人们充分认识闲聊的重要性并利用它的潜力。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
Small talk serves as a bridge that connects strangers，turning them into friends.Through small talk，we break the ice in social situations，creating a comfortable and friendly atmosphere that encourages open discussion.By starting conversations with simple and non-threatening topics，small talk allows us to ease into deeper and more meaningful conversations.It helps us find common ground and discover shared interests，laying the base for a deep connection.
When we engage in small talk，we have an opportunity to go beyond the surface level and discover common interests and passions.Whether it’s a love for photography，a skill for gardening，or a passion for cooking，hobbies serve as a key to valuable connections.Finding common points is the key to unlocking meaningful connections.It is an art that includes discovering shared interests，experiences，or values that connect two people.Through a shared hobby，we can find friendship，understanding，and build relationships based on appreciation to each other.
Moreover，small talk presents valuable networking opportunities.It enables us to connect with professionals from different industries，expanding our network and potentially opening doors to new career options.
Furthermore，small talk is not limited to words alone.Non-verbal communication，such as gestures，facial expressions and body language，adds depth to our conversations.It adds to our words，allowing us to express our intentions and emotions more effectively.
In conclusion，the power of small talk can enrich our social lives and lead to more meaningful connections.It is through simple exchanges and interest in others that we can develop the friendship.So，let us recognize the significance of small talk and use its potential to create deep and lasting connections in our lives.
1.What does the underlined word “foster” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Control. B.Develop.
C.Slow. D.Manage.
词义猜测题。由画线词所在句“In fact，small talk has the power to create meaningful connections and foster lasting relationships，all through the magic of shared hobbies.”可知，本句前半句指出，闲聊能够创造有意义的联系，and表明后半句与其构成递进关系，创造联系的进一步是“培养”持久的关系，所以猜测foster是“培养”的意思。故选B项。
解析
√
2.What makes small talk more significant according to paragraph 2
A.An easy beginning.
B.A quiet environment.
C.A heated discussion.
D.A shared friendship.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段的“By starting conversations with simple and non-threatening topics，small talk allows us to ease into deeper and more meaningful conversations.”可知，以简单的话题开始闲聊可以让我们轻松进入更深入、更有意义的对话。故选A项。
解析
3.How can we show our feelings more effectively
A.Chat with clever words.
B.Add depth to the dialogue.
C.Do specific movements.
D.Observe others’ gestures.
√
细节理解题。根据第五段的“Non-verbal communication，such as gestures，facial expressions and body language，adds depth to our conversations.It adds to our words，allowing us to express our intentions and emotions more effectively.”可知，我们可以通过做特定的动作来更有效地表达我们的感受，如手势、面部表情和肢体语言等。故选C项。
解析
4.What advice might the author offer to us
A.Participating in social activities.
B.Learning about others’ hobbies.
C.Maintaining friendships carefully.
D.Chatting with more people.
推理判断题。根据最后一段末句“So，let us recognize the significance of small talk and use its potential to create deep and lasting connections in our lives.”可知，作者鼓励我们多与他人闲聊。故选D项。
解析
√
B(此篇精读)
Reading doesn’t come naturally to people，but most of us have learned how.Eighty-six percent of the world’s population is literate(有读写能力的)，and this rate has been increasing for centuries.Literacy makes it possible to navigate a world filled with books，websites，text messages，road signs and more.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了技术是否会削弱阅读和写作的重要性。
Could a growing number of people participate in today’s world without reading or writing at all？Technology makes it possible.Most of our devices now talk to us and take spoken commands.Smart cars ask for a destination and then give directions.Smart virtual assistants listen for requests to report the weather，play a song，set a timer，order groceries，and much more.Software can also read text aloud or turn speech into text.These interactions aren’t perfect—the software still makes silly mistakes.But it’s getting better and better.It’s possible to imagine a future world where all of our communication with our devices and each other is spoken.
But reading and writing are powerful tools.For one，most people read faster than they speak.A podcaster① or audio book narrator speaks at around 150 to 160 words per minute，while a strong reader can cruise through a text at 300 to 400 words per minute.That’s twice as fast! Research has also found that people remember more information and stay more interested when they read as opposed to listening.Learning to read also creates new connections in the brain.In her book Proust and the Squid：The Story and Science of the Reading Brain，Maryanne Wolf writes that with the invention of reading，human beings “rearranged② the very organization of our brain，which in turn expanded the ways we were able to think，which changed the intellectual evolution of our species”.Would we really choose to give up that progress？What do you think？Do you hope people keep on reading and writing，or will technology make literacy obsolete(淘汰的)
5.What does the 2nd paragraph focus on
A.Many people have problems with literacy.
B.Technology makes up for illiteracy.
C.Technology is a double-edged sword.
D.Technology is changing fast.
段落大意题。根据第二段内容尤其是前两句和最后一句可知，本段主要介绍了技术进步使得越来越多的人可以通过语音与设备交互，减少对书面文字的依赖，即弥补了不识字的问题。故选B项。
解析
√
6.Compared to listening，what will a person do when reading
A.Learn more words.
B.Remember less clearly.
C.Show less interest.
D.Gather more information.
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Research has also found that people remember more information and stay more interested when they read as opposed to listening.”可知，一个人在阅读时能收集到更多的信息。故选D项。
解析
√
7.Why does the author mention Maryanne’s book
A.To prove that reading is related to brain.
B.To show the evolution of human beings.
C.To give an example of a book on reading.
D.To illustrate the need for reading and writing.
√
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Learning to read also creates new connections in the brain.”和“Maryanne Wolf writes that...human beings ‘rearranged...which changed the intellectual evolution of our species’”可知，作者先指出阅读帮助大脑建立新的联系，然后提到Maryanne的书，这本书与阅读改变我们的思维相关。由此推知，作者提到这本书是为了证明阅读与大脑有关。故选A项。
解析
8.Where is the text probably taken from
A.A textbook.
B.A book review.
C.An academic article.
D.A blog post.
√
文章出处题。通读全文，再结合第三段最后的提问“Would we really choose to give up that progress？What do you think Do you hope people keep on reading and writing，or will technology make literacy obsolete(淘汰的)？”可知，文章针对我们是否会放弃阅读和写作，转而依赖技术进行口头交流征求意见。因此，文章很有可能出自一篇博客文章，带有与读者的一定程度的互动。故选D项。
解析
①podcaster(派)＝podcast＋er n.___________
②rearrange(派)＝re＋arrange v.___________________
语境猜词
播客创作者
重新排列；改变位置
Literacy makes it possible to navigate a world filled with books，websites，text messages，road signs and more.
分析：此句为 句。it在句中作 ，真正的宾语是____
；“filled with books，websites，text messages，road signs and more”为过去分词短语作 ，修饰world。
翻译：_________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
句式分析
简单
形式宾语
to
navigate a world
识字使我们能够在一个充满书籍、网站、短信、路标等的世界中穿行。
后置定语
How to Improve Your Social Life
Being social can help you build meaningful connections，come out of your shell，and feel less isolated.If you want to know how to be social，see the following steps to be on your way.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是四个提高社交能力的方法。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读
Be fully engaged.If you want to seem interesting to others，you will have to show interest in them.When you are talking to somebody，listen to what they are saying rather than worrying about what you should be saying.
1 Avoid constantly checking your phone or looking around while you are in the middle of a conversation.These types of things come across as rude.
A.Initiate interactions.
B.Fit in with the occasion.
C.Accept invitations to parties and social gatherings.
D.You’ll be more likely to stir up positive interactions.
E.Plus，everybody looks more attractive when they smile.
F.Relationships are built upon joint efforts of both involved.
G.Make eye contact，nod your head，and ask them follow-up questions.
√
根据空前一句可知，在别人说话时应该倾听别人在说什么，由此可推测，此空讲述的应与倾听的时候怎么做相关，G选项(进行眼神交流，点头，并问他们后续问题)承接了空前的内容，且与本段的主题“全身心投入”的要求吻合。故选G项。
解析
Watch your gestures.How you position your body sends a message to other people.If you want to be approached by others，you should avoid standing in the corner，crossing your arms，staring at your phone，and frowning.
Making eye contact with others shows them that you are friendly，open，and non-intimidating. 2
A.Initiate interactions.
B.Fit in with the occasion.
C.Accept invitations to parties and social gatherings.
D.You’ll be more likely to stir up positive interactions.
E.Plus，everybody looks more attractive when they smile.
F.Relationships are built upon joint efforts of both involved.
G.Make eye contact，nod your head，and ask them follow-up questions.
√
根据空前一句可知，此处介绍了社交活动时应恰当使用眼神交流，向他们表明你是友好的、开放的、不令人生畏的，E选项(另外，每个人微笑的时候看起来都更有吸引力)对上文内容进行了补充，也呼应本段的主题“注意你的姿态”，符合语境。故选E项。
解析
Embrace opportunities to meet new people.This means you will have to get out of your comfort zone to interact with others. 3 Take trips to new places and strike up casual conversations with those you meet.
A.Initiate interactions.
B.Fit in with the occasion.
C.Accept invitations to parties and social gatherings.
D.You’ll be more likely to stir up positive interactions.
E.Plus，everybody looks more attractive when they smile.
F.Relationships are built upon joint efforts of both involved.
G.Make eye contact，nod your head，and ask them follow-up questions.
√
根据本段的主题句“Embrace opportunities to meet new people.”可知，本段建议抓住结识新朋友的机会，C选项(接受派对和社交聚会的邀请)符合本段主题，选项中的“parties and social gatherings”都是结识新朋友的场合，且与空后的“Take trips to new places and strike up casual conversations with those you meet.”内容呼应。故选C项。
解析
You never know when a stranger can turn into your new best friend，business partner，or love interest!
4 If you are constantly waiting around for people to call you or invite you，then you are wasting your life.
A.Initiate interactions.
B.Fit in with the occasion.
C.Accept invitations to parties and social gatherings.
D.You’ll be more likely to stir up positive interactions.
E.Plus，everybody looks more attractive when they smile.
F.Relationships are built upon joint efforts of both involved.
G.Make eye contact，nod your head，and ask them follow-up questions.
√
此处为本段的主题句，应为祈使句。根据下文可知，本段主要介绍的是主动联系别人，而不是等着别人来接触你，A选项(主动发起互动)与本段内容一致，且概括了本段主题。故选A项。
解析
5 If you want to show people that you value their friendships，
A.Initiate interactions.
B.Fit in with the occasion.
C.Accept invitations to parties and social gatherings.
D.You’ll be more likely to stir up positive interactions.
E.Plus，everybody looks more attractive when they smile.
F.Relationships are built upon joint efforts of both involved.
G.Make eye contact，nod your head，and ask them follow-up questions.
√
根据空前一句可知，等着别人主动联系你，那是在浪费生命，F选项(关系建立在双方共同努力的基础上)是对空前内容做出的解释，而且空后“If you want to show people that you value their friendships，you will have to reach out to them.”是对F选项讲述的内容提出了具体的做法，符合语境。故选F项。
解析
you will have to reach out to them.Keep in touch with friends，even if you don’t live in the same town.Pick up the phone and call them，send them a text，or email them asking how they’ve been.
In the mountainous regions of Jinhua，Zhejiang Province，
Ⅴ.语法填空
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了浙江省金华市榉溪村与孔子的渊源。
there is a village called Juxi that holds a 1. (remark) connection to Confucius，despite being largely overlooked.The village is home 2. the largest concentration of descendants(后代) of Confucius in the Jiangnan region.
remarkable
1.考查形容词。句意：在浙江省金华市的山区，有一个名叫榉溪的村庄，尽管在很大程度上被忽视，但它与孔子有着非凡的联系。修饰名词connection应用形容词作定语，故填remarkable。
2.考查介词。句意：这个村子是江南地区孔子后裔最集中的地方。短语be home to表示“是……的所在地”。故填to。
解析
to
This connection dates back to 1130 when Kong Duangong，a 48th generation descendant of Confucius,3. (settle) in Jinhua.His descendants have continued to live in Juxi village for centuries,4.___________(preserve) their family traditions and the principles of Confucianism.
settled
preserving
3.考查时态。句意：这种联系可以追溯到1130年，当时孔端躬，孔子的第48代后裔，在金华定居。根据上文1130可知为一般过去时。故填settled。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意：他的后代几个世纪以来一直住在榉溪村，保留着他们的家庭传统和儒家思想。preserve与His descendants构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填preserving。
解析
Liu Yilan，director of public education at the Art Museum of China Academy of Art，discovered 5. village’s connection to Confucius during a field trip.She visited the Confucius temple in Juxi village,6._____ she saw well-preserved ancestral records and ritual(仪式上的) objects 7.______(keep) by the descendants of Confucius.
the
where
kept
5.考查冠词。句意：中国美术学院美术馆公共教育主任刘一蓝在一次实地考察中发现了这个村庄与孔子的联系。此处特指榉溪村与孔子的联系，应用定冠词。故填the。
6.考查定语从句。句意：她参观了榉溪村的孔庙，在那里她看到了保存完好的祖先记录和孔子后代保存的礼器。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Confucius temple，并在从句作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填where。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处keep与objects构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填kept。
解析
Liu’s research,8. (interview) with villagers，and associated ritual items are now part of an ongoing exhibition she organized，which explores the history and cultural importance of rituals in China.
考查名词复数。句意：刘的研究、对村民的采访以及相关的礼器现在是她组织的一场正在进行的展览的一部分，该展览探索了“礼”在中国的历史和文化意义。可数名词interview在句中作主语，且数量大于1应用复数形式。故填interviews。
解析
interviews
Aside from preserving Confucian traditions，Juxi villagers have also 9. (harmonious) integrated Zhejiang regional customs into their life.For example，during the Lantern Festival，they light small red candles throughout the village to symbolize light,10. (warm)，and hope.
harmoniously
warmth
9.考查副词。句意：除了保留儒家传统，榉溪村民还将浙江地方习俗和谐地融入他们的生活中。修饰动词integrated应用副词作状语，故填harmoniously。
10.考查名词。句意：例如，在元宵节期间，他们在整个村庄点燃小红蜡烛，象征光明、温暖和希望。作动词symbolize的宾语，应用名词warmth，不可数。故填warmth。
解析
返 回
本课结束Period 3　Grammar and usage—Overview of relative clauses
阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并完成下面的练习。
(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写改编)
I quickly searched the crowd for the school’s coach and asked him the matter ①that had happened.“I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him，②which would make him frustrated，” he explained uncomfortably.“I gave him the choice to run or not，and let him decide.”
I bit back my frustration(懊恼)．I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing.After making sure that David could run if he wanted，I turned to find David，③whose small body rocked from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
David had a brain disease ④which prevented him from walking or running like other children，but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid.He always participated to the best of his ability in anything ⑤that they were doing.That was the reason ⑥why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team.It just took him longer—that’s all.David had not missed a single practice，and although he always finished his run long after the other children，he did always finish.As a special education teacher at the school ⑦who was familiar with David’s challenges，I was proud of his strong determination.
[自主发现]
1．①④⑤⑥⑦是限制性定语从句，②③是非限制性定语从句。
2．①②③④⑤⑦中的加黑单词为关系代词；⑥中的加黑单词为关系副词，可以替换为“介词＋which”。
定语从句
一、定义
在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词或句子叫先行词，作先行词的可以是一个词(通常是名词，也可以是代词)，一个短语，一个分句或一个完整的句子。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大作用：连接主句和从句；替代先行词；在从句中充当句子成分。
二、定语从句的分类
定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，其区别如下：
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式 不用逗号与主句隔开 用逗号与主句隔开
功能 是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果删除，主句则失去意义或意思不完整 只是对先行词的补充说明，如果删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思
翻译 一般把定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，“……的” 通常把定语从句翻译成主句的并列句
关系词的使用 ①关系词作宾语时可省略 ②可用 that和why ③可用 who 代替 whom ①关系词一般不可省略 ②不用 that和why ③不可用 who 代替 whom
先行词 只能是名词或代词 可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子
People who take physical exercise regularly live longer.
经常进行体育锻炼的人寿命长些。
His daughter，who is in Boston now，is coming home next week.
他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。
[温馨提示]
当先行词是way且在从句中表示“以……的方式”时，常由in which或that引导定语从句，引导词也可以省略。
The way (that/in which) he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
他向我们解释这个句子的方式并不难理解。
三、关系代词的用法
(一)关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 先行词 句法功能
who 人 作主语、宾语
whom 人 作宾语
whose(＝of whom/of which) 人或物 作定语
that 人或物 作主语、宾语、表语
which 物或事 作主语、宾语
as 人、物或事 作主语、宾语
This woman has set a good example to her son，who is a really lucky guy.
这位女士给她的儿子树立了一个好榜样，他是一个非常幸运的小伙子。
We’ll reach the sales target in a month which/that we set at the beginning of the year.
我们将在一个月内完成年初定下的销售目标。
However，because of poverty，Nolan has to leave high school and find a job，whose life/the life of whom/of whom the life is full of ups and downs.然而，由于贫困，诺兰不得不从高中辍学去找工作，他的生活充满了起起落落。
The newly-built cafe，whose walls/the walls of which/of which the walls are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.
这家新建的墙体被涂成浅绿色的咖啡厅对我们而言确实是个安静的场所，尤其是在辛苦工作之后。
I have the same difficulty as you had last year.
我遇到了和你去年一样的困难。
[温馨提示]
1．whose是表示所属关系的代词，在定语从句中作定语，修饰人或物。of which 可以代替whose 修饰物，词序一般是“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”。of whom 可以代替 whose 修饰人，词序是“the＋名词＋of whom”或“of whom＋the＋名词”。
2．as可用来引导限制性和非限制性定语从句。as的先行词通常都由same或such来修饰。
(二)关系代词that与which的用法区别
宜用that的情况 先行词是all，much，few，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one等不定代词时
先行词被all，any，few，little，much，some，no等词修饰或被the only，the very，the same，the last等修饰时
先行词是形容词的最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时
先行词是序数词或先行词前有序数词修饰时
先行词既有人又有物时
主句是who或which等引出的特殊疑问句时
宜用which的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时用which不用that
介词后用which不用that
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself？你有什么要为自己说的吗？
This is one of the most exciting basketball games that my nephew has ever seen.
这是我侄子看过的最激动人心的篮球比赛之一。
The geophysicist and his achievements that you told me are admired by us all.
我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位地球物理学家和他所取得的成就。
Which is the kindergarten that you used to be studying in
你以前就读的那家幼儿园是哪一家？
They secretly built up a small factory，which could cause pollution.他们偷偷地建了一家小工厂，这家工厂可能会造成污染。
It was hard for him to learn English in a family in which neither of the parents spoke the language.对他来说在一个父母都不说英语的家庭中学英语很难。
(三)关系代词which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
which as
位置上 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可放在主句前也可放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中。
搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember等。 从句谓语常用被动。
意思上 “这一点” “正如……，正像……的那样”
The award-winning book was written by a teenager，which was，indeed，beyond all expectations.这本获奖的书是一个十几岁的孩子写的，这确实出乎所有人的意料。
As is known to us all，failure usually results from laziness，while diligence can result in success.众所周知，失败通常源于懒惰，而勤奋可以铸就成功。
[温馨提示]
as引导的定语从句的常见结构有：
as is often the case情况常是如此
as often happens这种情况常发生
as has been said before正如以前所说的
as is known to all＝as we all know众所周知
as is reported/said正如所报道/说的那样
四、关系副词的基本用法
关系副词 先行词 句法功能
when 表时间 作时间状语
where 表地点(具体或抽象) 作地点状语
why(只引导限制性定语从句) 表原因 作原因状语
We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
我们生活在一个比以往任何时候更容易获得更多信息的时代。
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
古代中国是一个各诸侯国之间经常发生战争的地方。
The reason why my favourite sport is playing basketball is that it has been giving me strength to face the challenges in my life.
我最喜爱的体育运动是打篮球，原因是它一直给我力量来面对生活中的挑战。
[温馨提示]
where引导定语从句时，先行词除了可以是表示具体地点的名词(如place，home，school，village等)外，还可以是表示抽象地点的名词(如 job，life，situation，point，case，stage，activity 等)。
Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
在销售总监这个职位上，沟通能力和销售技巧一样重要。
To learn English effectively，you should not only have a good command of the grammar，but understand the culture where it is spoken.
要想有效地学习英语，你不仅要掌握好语法，还要了解说英语的国家的文化。
五、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．介词和关系代词的确定
若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指事/物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词可以遵循“一名二动三逻辑”的原则：①“一名”——依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定；②“二动”——依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定；③“三逻辑”——根据从句表达的意义和先行词的逻辑关系来确定。
The man (who/whom/that) I talked with at the meeting is from Peking University.
＝The man with whom I talked at the meeting is from Peking University.
在会议中与我谈话的那个人来自北京大学。
Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.
皮鞋生意是格林一家所从事的事业。
We’ll climb Mangshan Mountain in the morning，on whose top we’ll have a picnic at noon.
我们上午要去爬莽山，中午会在山顶上野餐。
[温馨提示]
一些固定的动词词组，如look for，look after，call on等中的介词不可以提到关系代词之前。
This is the diamond (that/which) the policemen are looking for.
这就是警察正在找的那颗钻石。
2．“of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each 等代词或数词后表示整体与部分的关系可以用“of which/whom”。
He has a lot of friends，some of whom will offer help to him when he is in trouble.
他有许多朋友，当他遇到麻烦时有一些朋友会给他提供帮助。
完成下列语段，尽可能地运用定语从句
Dear Tom，
How are you going these days？I’m writing to tell you about our school’s Sports Club,1.which often organizes various activities for us students(体育俱乐部经常为我们学生组织各种各样的活动)．
The Sports Club is located in our school’s gym,2.where we can take exercise or practise our skills(我们在那里可以锻炼或者练习我们的技能)．At weekends，it is available to all students 3.who are interested in sports events(对体育赛事感兴趣的学生)．The reason 4.why we like the Sports Club(我们喜欢体育俱乐部的原因) is that it enriches our campus life.
All in all，all of us can work out for half an hour every day,5.through which we can strengthen our body(通过锻炼我们可以增强体质)．
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
作业3　Grammar and usage
[分值：77.5分]
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空(共12小题；每小题1.5分，满分18分)
1．(2024·浙江1月)Of course，shops are not charities—they price goods in the way that/which will make them the most money.
2．(2023·全国乙)But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place which/that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life...
3．(2023·全国甲)“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins...
4．(2022·新课标Ⅰ)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
5．(2022·浙江1月)Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small but growing minority of academics who/that are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
6．In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were lifelike.
7．Many lessons are now available，from which students can choose for free.
8．Can you still remember the time that/which we spent together in our childhood
9．The number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
10．Many young people，most of whom were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
11．For instance，TCM uses about 1,000 plant and 36 animal species，including the tiger，rhinoceros，and sea horse，which are all in danger.
12．Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
Ⅱ.完成句子(共4小题；每小题3分，满分12分)
1．作为晨光中学的一员，我很荣幸能够提出一个关系到我们大家的问题——建设低碳校园。
As a member of Chenguang Middle School，I feel it a privilege to put forward an issue that/which concerns us all—our commitment to a low-carbon campus.
2．太极是一种古老的武术形式，源于中国传统文化。
Tai Chi，which originates from traditional Chinese culture，is an ancient form of martial arts.
3．对该活动感兴趣的人应该在截止日期之前到学生会报名。
Those who are interested in the activity should sign up at the Student Council by the deadline.
4．如果你想掌握汉语，你应该置身于一种你能轻松接触到汉语的学习氛围中。
If you want to have a good command of Chinese，you should put yourself in a learning atmosphere where/in which you can be exposed to Chinese easily.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
In our fast-paced world，it’s easy to get caught up in small talk.Is there more to those conversations than meets the eye(比料想的更为复杂) In fact，small talk has the power to create meaningful connections and foster lasting relationships，all through the magic of shared hobbies.
Small talk serves as a bridge that connects strangers，turning them into friends.Through small talk，we break the ice in social situations，creating a comfortable and friendly atmosphere that encourages open discussion.By starting conversations with simple and non-threatening topics，small talk allows us to ease into deeper and more meaningful conversations.It helps us find common ground and discover shared interests，laying the base for a deep connection.
When we engage in small talk，we have an opportunity to go beyond the surface level and discover common interests and passions.Whether it’s a love for photography，a skill for gardening，or a passion for cooking，hobbies serve as a key to valuable connections.Finding common points is the key to unlocking meaningful connections.It is an art that includes discovering shared interests，experiences，or values that connect two people.Through a shared hobby，we can find friendship，understanding，and build relationships based on appreciation to each other.
Moreover，small talk presents valuable networking opportunities.It enables us to connect with professionals from different industries，expanding our network and potentially opening doors to new career options.
Furthermore，small talk is not limited to words alone.Non-verbal communication，such as gestures，facial expressions and body language，adds depth to our conversations.It adds to our words，allowing us to express our intentions and emotions more effectively.
In conclusion，the power of small talk can enrich our social lives and lead to more meaningful connections.It is through simple exchanges and interest in others that we can develop the friendship.So，let us recognize the significance of small talk and use its potential to create deep and lasting connections in our lives.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了闲聊的重要性以及形式，鼓励人们充分认识闲聊的重要性并利用它的潜力。
1．What does the underlined word “foster” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Control. B．Develop.
C．Slow. D．Manage.
答案　B
解析　词义猜测题。由画线词所在句“In fact，small talk has the power to create meaningful connections and foster lasting relationships，all through the magic of shared hobbies.”可知，本句前半句指出，闲聊能够创造有意义的联系，and表明后半句与其构成递进关系，创造联系的进一步是“培养”持久的关系，所以猜测foster是“培养”的意思。故选B项。
2．What makes small talk more significant according to paragraph 2
A．An easy beginning.
B．A quiet environment.
C．A heated discussion.
D．A shared friendship.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“By starting conversations with simple and non-threatening topics，small talk allows us to ease into deeper and more meaningful conversations.”可知，以简单的话题开始闲聊可以让我们轻松进入更深入、更有意义的对话。故选A项。
3．How can we show our feelings more effectively
A．Chat with clever words.
B．Add depth to the dialogue.
C．Do specific movements.
D．Observe others’ gestures.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第五段的“Non-verbal communication，such as gestures，facial expressions and body language，adds depth to our conversations.It adds to our words，allowing us to express our intentions and emotions more effectively.”可知，我们可以通过做特定的动作来更有效地表达我们的感受，如手势、面部表情和肢体语言等。故选C项。
4．What advice might the author offer to us
A．Participating in social activities.
B．Learning about others’ hobbies.
C．Maintaining friendships carefully.
D．Chatting with more people.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段末句“So，let us recognize the significance of small talk and use its potential to create deep and lasting connections in our lives.”可知，作者鼓励我们多与他人闲聊。故选D项。
B(此篇精读)
Reading doesn’t come naturally to people，but most of us have learned how.Eighty-six percent of the world’s population is literate(有读写能力的)，and this rate has been increasing for centuries.Literacy makes it possible to navigate a world filled with books，websites，text messages，road signs and more.
Could a growing number of people participate in today’s world without reading or writing at all？Technology makes it possible.Most of our devices now talk to us and take spoken commands.Smart cars ask for a destination and then give directions.Smart virtual assistants listen for requests to report the weather，play a song，set a timer，order groceries，and much more.Software can also read text aloud or turn speech into text.These interactions aren’t perfect—the software still makes silly mistakes.But it’s getting better and better.It’s possible to imagine a future world where all of our communication with our devices and each other is spoken.
But reading and writing are powerful tools.For one，most people read faster than they speak.A podcaster① or audio book narrator speaks at around 150 to 160 words per minute，while a strong reader can cruise through a text at 300 to 400 words per minute.That’s twice as fast! Research has also found that people remember more information and stay more interested when they read as opposed to listening.Learning to read also creates new connections in the brain.In her book Proust and the Squid：The Story and Science of the Reading Brain，Maryanne Wolf writes that with the invention of reading，human beings “rearranged② the very organization of our brain，which in turn expanded the ways we were able to think，which changed the intellectual evolution of our species”．Would we really choose to give up that progress？What do you think？Do you hope people keep on reading and writing，or will technology make literacy obsolete(淘汰的)
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了技术是否会削弱阅读和写作的重要性。
5．What does the 2nd paragraph focus on
A．Many people have problems with literacy.
B．Technology makes up for illiteracy.
C．Technology is a double-edged sword.
D．Technology is changing fast.
答案　B
解析　段落大意题。根据第二段内容尤其是前两句和最后一句可知，本段主要介绍了技术进步使得越来越多的人可以通过语音与设备交互，减少对书面文字的依赖，即弥补了不识字的问题。故选B项。
6．Compared to listening，what will a person do when reading
A．Learn more words.
B．Remember less clearly.
C．Show less interest.
D．Gather more information.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Research has also found that people remember more information and stay more interested when they read as opposed to listening.”可知，一个人在阅读时能收集到更多的信息。故选D项。
7．Why does the author mention Maryanne’s book
A．To prove that reading is related to brain.
B．To show the evolution of human beings.
C．To give an example of a book on reading.
D．To illustrate the need for reading and writing.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Learning to read also creates new connections in the brain.”和“Maryanne Wolf writes that...human beings ‘rearranged...which changed the intellectual evolution of our species’”可知，作者先指出阅读帮助大脑建立新的联系，然后提到Maryanne的书，这本书与阅读改变我们的思维相关。由此推知，作者提到这本书是为了证明阅读与大脑有关。故选A项。
8．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A textbook.
B．A book review.
C．An academic article.
D．A blog post.
答案　D
解析　文章出处题。通读全文，再结合第三段最后的提问“Would we really choose to give up that progress？What do you think Do you hope people keep on reading and writing，or will technology make literacy obsolete(淘汰的)？”可知，文章针对我们是否会放弃阅读和写作，转而依赖技术进行口头交流征求意见。因此，文章很有可能出自一篇博客文章，带有与读者的一定程度的互动。故选D项。
[语境猜词]
①podcaster(派)＝podcast＋er n．播客创作者
②rearrange(派)＝re＋arrange v．重新排列；改变位置
[句式分析]
Literacy makes it possible to navigate a world filled with books，websites，text messages，road signs and more.
分析：此句为简单句。it在句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语是to navigate a world；“filled with books，websites，text messages，road signs and more”为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰world。
翻译：识字使我们能够在一个充满书籍、网站、短信、路标等的世界中穿行。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
How to Improve Your Social Life
Being social can help you build meaningful connections，come out of your shell，and feel less isolated.If you want to know how to be social，see the following steps to be on your way.
Be fully engaged.If you want to seem interesting to others，you will have to show interest in them.When you are talking to somebody，listen to what they are saying rather than worrying about what you should be saying. 1 Avoid constantly checking your phone or looking around while you are in the middle of a conversation.These types of things come across as rude.
Watch your gestures.How you position your body sends a message to other people.If you want to be approached by others，you should avoid standing in the corner，crossing your arms，staring at your phone，and frowning.Making eye contact with others shows them that you are friendly，open，and non-intimidating. 2
Embrace opportunities to meet new people.This means you will have to get out of your comfort zone to interact with others. 3 Take trips to new places and strike up casual conversations with those you meet.You never know when a stranger can turn into your new best friend，business partner，or love interest!
4 If you are constantly waiting around for people to call you or invite you，then you are wasting your life. 5 If you want to show people that you value their friendships，you will have to reach out to them.Keep in touch with friends，even if you don’t live in the same town.Pick up the phone and call them，send them a text，or email them asking how they’ve been.
A．Initiate interactions.
B．Fit in with the occasion.
C．Accept invitations to parties and social gatherings.
D．You’ll be more likely to stir up positive interactions.
E．Plus，everybody looks more attractive when they smile.
F．Relationships are built upon joint efforts of both involved.
G．Make eye contact，nod your head，and ask them follow-up questions.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是四个提高社交能力的方法。
1．答案　G
解析　根据空前一句可知，在别人说话时应该倾听别人在说什么，由此可推测，此空讲述的应与倾听的时候怎么做相关，G选项(进行眼神交流，点头，并问他们后续问题)承接了空前的内容，且与本段的主题“全身心投入”的要求吻合。故选G项。
2．答案　E
解析　根据空前一句可知，此处介绍了社交活动时应恰当使用眼神交流，向他们表明你是友好的、开放的、不令人生畏的，E选项(另外，每个人微笑的时候看起来都更有吸引力)对上文内容进行了补充，也呼应本段的主题“注意你的姿态”，符合语境。故选E项。
3．答案　C
解析　根据本段的主题句“Embrace opportunities to meet new people.”可知，本段建议抓住结识新朋友的机会，C选项(接受派对和社交聚会的邀请)符合本段主题，选项中的“parties and social gatherings”都是结识新朋友的场合，且与空后的“Take trips to new places and strike up casual conversations with those you meet.”内容呼应。故选C项。
4．答案　A
解析　此处为本段的主题句，应为祈使句。根据下文可知，本段主要介绍的是主动联系别人，而不是等着别人来接触你，A选项(主动发起互动)与本段内容一致，且概括了本段主题。故选A项。
5．答案　F
解析　根据空前一句可知，等着别人主动联系你，那是在浪费生命，F选项(关系建立在双方共同努力的基础上)是对空前内容做出的解释，而且空后“If you want to show people that you value their friendships，you will have to reach out to them.”是对F选项讲述的内容提出了具体的做法，符合语境。故选F项。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
In the mountainous regions of Jinhua，Zhejiang Province，there is a village called Juxi that holds a 1. (remark) connection to Confucius，despite being largely overlooked.The village is home 2. the largest concentration of descendants(后代) of Confucius in the Jiangnan region.This connection dates back to 1130 when Kong Duangong，a 48th generation descendant of Confucius,3. (settle) in Jinhua.His descendants have continued to live in Juxi village for centuries,4. (preserve) their family traditions and the principles of Confucianism.
Liu Yilan，director of public education at the Art Museum of China Academy of Art，discovered 5. village’s connection to Confucius during a field trip.She visited the Confucius temple in Juxi village,6. she saw well-preserved ancestral records and ritual(仪式上的) objects 7. (keep) by the descendants of Confucius.Liu’s research,8. (interview) with villagers，and associated ritual items are now part of an ongoing exhibition she organized，which explores the history and cultural importance of rituals in China.
Aside from preserving Confucian traditions，Juxi villagers have also 9. (harmonious) integrated Zhejiang regional customs into their life.For example，during the Lantern Festival，they light small red candles throughout the village to symbolize light,10. (warm)，and hope.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了浙江省金华市榉溪村与孔子的渊源。
1．答案　remarkable
解析　考查形容词。句意：在浙江省金华市的山区，有一个名叫榉溪的村庄，尽管在很大程度上被忽视，但它与孔子有着非凡的联系。修饰名词connection应用形容词作定语，故填remarkable。
2．答案　to
解析　考查介词。句意：这个村子是江南地区孔子后裔最集中的地方。短语be home to表示“是……的所在地”。故填to。
3．答案　settled
解析　考查时态。句意：这种联系可以追溯到1130年，当时孔端躬，孔子的第48代后裔，在金华定居。根据上文1130可知为一般过去时。故填settled。
4．答案　preserving
解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：他的后代几个世纪以来一直住在榉溪村，保留着他们的家庭传统和儒家思想。preserve与His descendants构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填preserving。
5．答案　the
解析　考查冠词。句意：中国美术学院美术馆公共教育主任刘一蓝在一次实地考察中发现了这个村庄与孔子的联系。此处特指榉溪村与孔子的联系，应用定冠词。故填the。
6．答案　where
解析　考查定语从句。句意：她参观了榉溪村的孔庙，在那里她看到了保存完好的祖先记录和孔子后代保存的礼器。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Confucius temple，并在从句作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填where。
7．答案　kept
解析　考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处keep与objects构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填kept。
8．答案　interviews
解析　考查名词复数。句意：刘的研究、对村民的采访以及相关的礼器现在是她组织的一场正在进行的展览的一部分，该展览探索了“礼”在中国的历史和文化意义。可数名词interview在句中作主语，且数量大于1应用复数形式。故填interviews。
9．答案　harmoniously
解析　考查副词。句意：除了保留儒家传统，榉溪村民还将浙江地方习俗和谐地融入他们的生活中。修饰动词integrated应用副词作状语，故填harmoniously。
10．答案　warmth
解析　考查名词。句意：例如，在元宵节期间，他们在整个村庄点燃小红蜡烛，象征光明、温暖和希望。作动词symbolize的宾语，应用名词warmth，不可数。故填warmth。

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