资源简介

(共84张PPT)
Period 3
Careers and skills
Unit 3
Grammar and usage—Overview of noun clauses
内容索引
情境导读
语法精讲
作业3
达标检测
情境导读
阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并完成下面的练习。
There are many mysteries ①what dinosaurs looked like.You may think ②that dinosaurs were big，green and scaly，right？But the fact is ③that they appeared very different from what we think.In recent years，scientists have worked out ④how they looked：many of them were small with feathers.Scientists also believe ⑤that many dinosaurs had bright colors.But ⑥why dinosaurs came into extinction is still a mystery.
[自主发现]
以上加颜色部分均为 从句；名词性从句指在复合句中起名词作用的从句，包括 从句，如⑥； 从句，如①； 从句，如③； 从句，如句②，④和⑤。
名词性
主语
返 回
同位语
表语
宾语
语法精讲
名词性从句
一、名词性从句的概述
名词性从句是在复合句中起名词作用的从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
二、名词性从句的连接词及语序
1.从属连词：that，whether，if。
(1)以上连接词只起连接作用，在从句中均不充当任何成分。
(2)其中，that无词义；whether/if均表示“是否”。
2.连接代词：what，who，which，whom，whose，whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever。连接代词既起连接作用，又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或者定语。
3.连接副词：when，where，why，how。连接副词既起连接作用，又在从句中作状语。
4.语序：名词性从句一律用陈述语序。
三、名词性从句的分类
1.主语从句：在句子中作主语的从句叫主语从句。
That she likes him is very obvious.
很显然她喜欢他。
What we say here will not be long remembered，but what we do here can change the world.
我们在这里所讲的(话)，人们不会长久地记住，但我们在这里所做的(事)却能改变世界。
Where you are going is what we want to know.
我们想知道你打算去哪里。
Why the sun in the morning looks bigger than at noon is very interesting.
为什么早晨的太阳看上去比中午的太阳大呢？这很有趣。
[温馨提示]
(1)有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末，这时that可以省略。
It’s a wonder (that) you survived the disaster.
你幸免于难真是个奇迹。
It is clear (that) he has gone.
很显然，他已经走了。
It is known to us all how he became a writer.
我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
(2)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数；如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。
When the meeting will be beld has not been decided yet.会议于何时何地举行还没确定。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们什么时候出发、去哪里还没确定。
When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.
会议什么时候在哪里开始还没确定。
(3)特殊的主语从句句式
It＋不及物动词＋主语从句：
It appears/seems that...似乎……
It happens that...碰巧……
It occurs to sb that...某人突然想起……
It seems/appears that we have come on the wrong day.
好像我们来得不是时候。
It occurred to me that he might be lying.
我忽然想到他可能是在说谎。
2.宾语从句：在句子中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.
我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。
In one’s own home，one can do whatever one likes.一个人在自己家里可以随心所欲。
She always thinks of how she can work well.
她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
[温馨提示]
当宾语从句后带宾补时，要用 it 作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在补语后面。其句型是“主语＋谓语＋it＋宾补(名词/形容词)＋that从句(真正的宾语)”，that不可省略。可用于此结构的动词有think，find，consider，make，believe，feel等。
We all thought it a pity that he lost the good chance.
我们都为他失去这个好机会而感到遗憾。
3.表语从句：在句子中作表语的从句叫表语从句，即位于系动词之后作表语的从句。
The fact is that we have lost the game.
事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
This is where our problem lies.
这就是我们的问题所在。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
看上去要下雨了。
[温馨提示]
(1)当主语是reason/cause/excuse/result时，或主语是why引导的主语从句时，表语从句的连接词要用that。
The reason why Tom failed in the exam was that he didn’t work hard.
汤姆考试不及格的原因是学习不努力。
Why he was late was that he missed the train this morning.
他迟到的原因是他今天早晨错过了火车。
(2)why 引导表语从句强调结果，意为“……的原因/因此……”；because引导表语从句强调原因，意为“因为……”。
I had a cold.That’s why I didn’t come.
我感冒了，因此我没来。
He is popular among girls.This is because he is handsome and has a good sense of humor.
他很受女生欢迎。这是因为他帅气又很有幽默感。
4.同位语从句：跟在某些名词的后面，对前面与之同位的名词的具体内容加以补充说明或进一步解释。
同位语从句可由that，whether或what，when，where等词引导。常接同位语从句的抽象名词有advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等。
The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室的所有人都不安。
I have no idea when he will come back home.
我不知道他什么时候回家。
He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go shopping with them.
他还未决定是否要和他们一起去购物。
四、名词性从句用法中的注意点
1.that引导宾语从句不可省略的情形
that引导的宾语从句中，当主句的谓语动词是believe，calculate，dare say，think等时，that常被省去，但在下列情况下不能省略：
(1)动词后面有并列宾语从句时，第二个宾语从句中的that不能省略；
(2)当that作介词宾语时，that不可省略。
Many people believe (that) higher education should be free and that more students should have access to it.很多人认为高等教育应该免费，而且更多的学生应该有机会接受高等教育。
I didn’t tell him anything on the phone except that I needed the money.
电话里我什么都没有告诉他，只是说我需要钱。
2.that引导定语从句与同位语从句的区别
(1)定语从句是指在复合句中起形容词作用的从句，对先行词起修饰和限定作用；同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句，用来解释说明其前面的抽象名词。
(2)that在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略，有时候可以与which互换；that在同位语从句中不充当成分，无词义，只起引导句子的作用，但不能省略。
The promise (that/which) I made to myself was that this year，my first year in high school，would be different.(本句中第一个that引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，可省略)
I made a promise to myself that this year，my first year in high school，would be different.(that引导同位语从句，解释说明promise的具体内容，不充当成分，只起引导句子的作用，但不能省略)
我向自己保证：今年，我高中的第一年，将会是不同的一年。
3.that和what引导名词性从句的区别
that只起连接作用，不充当任何成分；what在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语。
It is known to us all that China is a country with a long history.(it为形式主语，that引导的主语从句为真正的主语，that无词义且不充当任何成分)
What is known to us all is that China is a country with a long history.(“What is known to us all”为主语从句，what为连接代词，在从句中作主语)
众所周知，中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
4.whether和if引导名词性从句的区别
(1)whether与if意为“是否”时一般可以互换
It is doubtful whether/if the work can be finished on time.
工作能否按时完成令人怀疑。
(2)下列情况下一般用whether而不用if
①引导主语从句置于句首时；②引导表语从句和同位语从句时；③引导宾语从句作介词的宾语时；④后紧跟or not时；⑤后接to do时；⑥引导如leave，put，discuss，decide等动词后的宾语从句时。
Whether Tom will win the computer competition remains secret till next Monday.(whether引导的主语从句位于句首)
汤姆能否赢得计算机比赛在下周一前仍未可知。
He asked me the question whether we should give money to the homeless.(whether引导同位语从句)
他问了我一个问题，我们是否该给无家可归者钱。
It depends on whether we have enough time.(whether引导宾语从句作介词on的宾语)
这取决于我们是否有足够的时间。
I don’t know whether or not the report is true.(whether与or not直接连用)
我不知道报告是不是真的。
Can you tell me whether to go or stay？(whether后接to do)
你能告诉我是去还是留吗？
We discussed whether we should hold a meeting.(whether引导宾语从句作discuss的宾语)
我们讨论了是否应该举行一次会议。
5.whoever，whatever，whichever等的用法
(1)whoever/whatever/whichever这些词引导名词性从句时，可以转化成相应的定语从句：
whoever＝anyone who...“任何……的人”
whatever＝anything that...“任何……的物”
whichever＝any...that...“任何……的(已知范围内的或上文提到过的)人或物”
The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins first place in the bicycle race.
＝The gold medal will be awarded to anyone who wins first place in the bicycle race.
自行车比赛得第一名的人会获得金牌。
Whatever you can do helps since your support is important to our work.
＝Anything that you can do helps since your support is important to our work.
你能做的任何事对我们都有帮助，因为你的支持对我们的工作很重要。
Whichever of the preventive measures benefits the public should be promoted.
＝Any of the preventive measures that benefits the public should be promoted.
任何对公众有益的预防措施都应该被推广。
(2)whoever/whatever/whichever/whomever等可以引导让步状语从句。
whoever＝no matter who...“无论谁……”
whatever＝no matter what...“无论什么……”
whichever＝no matter which...“无论哪一个……”
Whatever you do，if you want to become great at it，you need to work day in and day out.
＝No matter what you do，if you want to become great at it，you need to work day in and day out.
不管你做什么，如果想做好，你就需要日复一日地努力。
Whichever of the fitness classes you choose，professional instructors are there to help you.
＝No matter which of the fitness classes you choose，professional instructors are there to help you.
不管你选择哪种健身课，都会有专业教练帮助你。
6.名词性从句中使用虚拟语气的用法
(1)在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等，谓语动词用虚拟语气“(should＋)do”，常用的句型有：
It is necessary/important/natural/strange/etc.that...
It is a pity/a shame/no wonder/etc.that...
It is suggested/requested/proposed/desired/etc.that...
(2)表示“命令、建议、要求、请求”的单词(如suggest/suggestion，propose/proposal，require/requirement，advise/advice，request，order，recommend等)不论其是名词还是动词形式，其后跟的名词性从句都要用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形，should可以省略)。如：
It was suggested by him that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question.
＝He suggested that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question.
＝His suggestion was that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question.
＝He put forward a suggestion that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question.他的建议是我们应再召开一次会议来讨论这个问题。
返 回
[解题策略]　名词性从句解题三步走
第一步：根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构判断是不是名词性从句。
第二步：一旦判断是名词性从句，就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连接词。若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，用连接代词；若缺少状语就用连接副词。
第三步：如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if; 如果不缺少成分且意思完整就用that。
达标检测
1. she comes or not doesn’t concern me.
2.Sarah hopes to become a friend of shares her interests.
3.When I asked he was heading，he made no response.
4.It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
5.The suggestion the new rule should be adopted came from the chairman.
6.Nobody knows for sure dinosaurs disappeared from the earth in such a short time.
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空
Whether
whoever
where
that
that
why
7.We mostly had to rely on the radio or newspapers to know was going on in the world.
8.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of it used to charge.
what
what
1.Along with the letter was his promise.He would visit me this coming Christmas.(同位语从句)
＝_____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2.Many students are addicted to computer games.It has become a hot issue.(主语从句)
＝_____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Ⅱ.使用名词性从句改写句子
Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas.
That many students are addicted to computer games has become a hot issue./It has become a hot issue that many students are addicted to computer games.
3.Will ways be found to stop pollution？This is the question worrying the public.(表语从句)
＝_____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4.A good idea suddenly came to me.I could send my parents a present on Christmas morning.(同位语从句)
＝_____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
The question worrying the public is whether ways will be found to stop pollution.
A good idea suddenly came to me that I could send my parents a present on Christmas morning.
5.He will leave home to make his fortune in big cities.But he hasn’t decided the time.(宾语从句)
＝_____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
返 回
He hasn’t decided when he will leave home to make his fortune in big cities.
作业3
1.(2024·浙江1月)Of course，shops are not charities—they price goods in the way that will make them the most money.If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities，that’s they’ll promote.
2.(2024·全国甲)The only opportunity she could seize to study was ______
her brother was having Chinese lessons with the family tutor.
3.(2024·浙江1月，读后续写)As the sun cast its rays，the girl noticed _____
the shadows created patterns on the ground，guiding her path.
4.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)This effect capitalizes on the fact when people make errors，those errors aren’t always the same.
what
Ⅰ.用适当的连词填空
when
how
that
5.(2023·新课标Ⅱ)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists.This is they need an English trainer.
6.(2021·新课标Ⅱ)A computer system will analyze the video to determine
a cow is sick.
7.(2021·新课标Ⅰ) is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
8.(2020·江苏)It is not a problem we can win the battle；it’s just a matter of time.
9.(2020·天津)The student completed this experiment to make come true
Professor Joseph had said.
why
whether
What
whether
what
10.(2020·浙江7月)Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on
could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
what
1.明天我们是否举行派对取决于天气。
depends on the weather.
2.问题是什么时候他们可以走出舒适区。
The problem is .
3.毫无疑问她的建议对我们来说很有价值。
her advice is of great value to us.
4.踏入社会后，我明白了生活有多难。
After coming into the society，I understand .
Ⅱ.完成句子
Whether we will hold a party tomorrow
when they can step out of their comfort zone
There is no doubt that
how difficult life is
5.汤姆提出的建议是我们应该立即打扫房间。
The suggestion put forward by Tom was ____________________________
.
that we (should) clean the room
immediately
A
Standing outside my hospital the other day，I was struck by a sight.In fact，it’s a sight we’ve all seen countless times：obese(肥胖的) nurses standing around outside a hospital.It is estimated that one in four nurses is obese，with nearly two-thirds being overweight.
语篇解读　本文是议论文。作者就肥胖护士这一现象提出了自己的担忧和观点，探讨了其对职业形象、患者信任以及健康宣传的影响，并通过个人经历来强化论述，试图说服读者认同其关于医疗工作者应成为健康生活方式榜样的观点。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
While some have argued that obese nurses may be less productive and take more time off sick，this isn’t my concern at all.I’m just worried about the example they set to others.Yes，of course，nurses and doctors struggle with having a healthy lifestyle like everyone else.But if they can’t stick to the basic principles of maintaining a healthy lifestyle that they are promoting themselves，then in my opinion they have no business being on the front line.No patient is going to take them seriously unless they can demonstrate that they at least try to practise what they promote.
It’s a serious professional failing，because it sends the disastrous message of “do as I say not as I do”，which is never going to result in someone changing their ways.You wouldn’t take advice about reducing your drinking from an alcoholic，would you？So why should you be expected to listen to an overweight healthcare professional who is telling you to lose a few pounds
Of course，there are lots of instances when a doctor or nurse’s personal struggles can really help.For example，I used to smoke and I find this actually helps me because I can relate to patients—I know their struggles，I know their concerns and I know the things they say to themselves to avoid quitting.Knowing that I used to smoke helps me come across as more human to my patients—I’ve done silly things but I’ve changed and so can they.
Similarly，a nurse who was previously obese but has now lost weight could be a real motivation for patients.But until they have lost weight and can demonstrate that they practise what they promote，they risk alienating(使疏远) the very patients they are charged with helping.
1.What worries the author concerning obese nurses
A.They will call in sick a lot.
B.They will be unlikely to take patients seriously.
C.They will fail to play their role in health promotion.
D.They will be incompetent at their job on the front line.
细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“I’m just worried about the example they set to others...But if they can’t stick to...they have no business being on the front line.”可知，作者担心的是肥胖护士给别人树立了不好的榜样，尤其是在健康促进方面无法有效发挥作用。故选C。
解析
√
2.What is the author’s attitude to “do as I say not as I do”？
A.Tolerant. B.Contradictory.
C.Uncaring. D.Disapproving.
√
观点态度题。根据文章第三段中的“It’s a serious professional failing，because it sends the disastrous message of ‘do as I say not as I do’，which is never going to result in someone changing their ways.”可知，作者指出这种做法永远不会使某人改变他们的行为方式。因此，作者对这种行为持反对态度。故选D。
解析
3.In what way is the author’s experience of quitting smoking helpful
A.He understands smokers better.
B.He sets a good example to his workmates.
C.He manages to maintain a healthier lifestyle.
D.He has become brave in the face of struggles.
√
细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，作者戒烟的经历让他能更好地理解吸烟者。故选A。
解析
4.What can we infer about the author
A.He is an alcoholic. B.He is a doctor.
C.He is overweight. D.He is impatient.
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是结合倒数第二段中的my patients可知，作者可能是医生。故选B。
解析
√
B(此篇精读)
If you’re a white-collar worker working at an office，it’s unlikely that anyone can guess exactly what you do from your clothes.That’s not true for lots of the people you interact with.The bus driver who gets you to your destination，and the people on reception as you enter the building—they’re likely to be wearing some kind of corporate uniform.A poll① of American workers conducted last summer by Gallup found that although most employees wear casual clothes，almost a quarter wear a uniform.
语篇解读　这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了制服对员工的影响，包括帮助公司树立形象、影响顾客的看法以及对员工心理的影响等。
Some employers require uniforms，since they help ensure a level of professionalism in appearance，project a brand identity with useful job-specific features，and send a clear signal to customers about whom they should approach with questions.
Those customers draw different conclusions if staff are in uniform.A study by Robert Smith of Tilburg University and his colleagues asked people to imagine being on the receiving end of poor service when picking up a pizza.They were then shown pictures of uniformed or non-uniformed employees.Participants were more likely to blame the company than the individual for a bad experience when a uniform was involved.If corporate clothing makes each worker seem more representative of their employers，the authors suggest that it may be a good idea not to give it to inexperienced workers.
Uniforms can also affect the psychology of employees.In 2012，Hajo Adam and Adam Galinsky coined② the term “unclothed cognition” to describe the effect that specific clothes have on the way people think and feel.In one study，Emilie Caspar of Ghent University gave participants the option to apply minor electric shocks to other people in return for money；those dressed in Red Cross uniforms showed more empathy③ than those in normal outfits.
The effects uniforms have on workers will obviously vary.The obvious objection to uniforms is that they lack individuality.But employees who don’t have to wear a formal uniform tend to have their own pattern of dressing，thus forming another informal uniform.
5.What do we know about white-collar office workers
A.They must follow strict rules about uniforms.
B.Their way of dressing reveals their job duties.
C.Their clothes may not be relevant to their work.
D.They wear uniforms to inspire customers’ interest.
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“If you’re a white-collar worker working at an office，it’s unlikely that anyone can guess exactly what you do from your clothes.”可知，白领的穿着可能与其工作没有关联。故选C。
解析
√
6.What did the participants do in the study in paragraph 3
A.They imagined being served in a shop.
B.They dressed up in employees’ uniform.
C.They were asked to work in a pizza shop.
D.They ordered pizza from uniformed employees.
细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“A study by Robert Smith of Tilburg University and his colleagues asked people to imagine being on the receiving end of poor service when picking up a pizza.”可知，参与者在调查中被要求想象在商店接受服务的情景。故选A。
解析
√
7.Why are workplace uniforms disliked by some people
A.They block customers’ enclothed cognition.
B.They’re an expression of being inexperienced.
C.They are inferior to their own pattern of dressing.
D.They lack an expression of wearers’ individuality.
√
细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“The obvious objection to uniforms is that they lack individuality.”可知，有些人不喜欢工作场所的制服，是因为它们缺乏个性。故选D。
解析
8.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.An essay on fashion trend.
B.A review of workplace culture.
C.A guidebook about making clothes.
D.An introduction to social customs.
√
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Some employers require...approach with questions.”和第三段中“Those customers draw different conclusions if staff are in uniform.”可知，本文主要讨论了制服对员工的影响，包括帮助公司树立形象、影响顾客的看法以及对员工心理的影响等。因此，这篇文章最有可能出自一篇关于职场文化的评论。故选B。
解析
①poll n.____________________
②coin n.硬币 v. (本文为此义)
③empathy n._____________
语境猜词
民意调查；民意测验
创造
同情；同理心
Some employers require uniforms，since they help ensure a level of professionalism in appearance，project a brand identity with useful job-specific features，and send a clear signal to customers about whom they should approach with questions.
分析：此句为 句。since引导 从句；whom they should approach with questions是 从句，作about的 。
翻译：_________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
句式分析
复合
原因状语
宾语
一些雇主要求穿制服，因为制服有助于确保外观上的专业度，彰显出具有有用的工作特征的品牌形象，并向客户明确传达遇到问题时应找谁。
宾语
On a large scale，making the world a better place can seem challenging.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了如何通过情商提升领导力，从而在社区中产生积极影响。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读
1 As a leader，your perspectives and ideas can directly impact your community for the better.Here are some ways to make an impact and grow your leadership through emotional intelligence.
A.Show your kindness and respect to others.
B.This informs them that they are appreciated.
C.As your conversation continues，ask what is needed.
D.Support your friends and colleagues by listening actively.
E.When you are in contribution to others，you make a positive impact.
F.As a leader，you have your own unique set of strengths and knowledge.
G.One person may not change the world，but you can make a positive
impact daily.
√
根据上文的“On a large scale，making the world a better place can seem challenging.”和下文的“As a leader，your perspectives and ideas can directly impact your community for the better.”可知，G项(一个人可能改变不了世界，但你可以每天都产生积极的影响)承接上文，说明了一个人可以根据自己的实际情况为改变世界做出自己的一份贡献，下文指出了你的努力可以影响到你所在的社区。故选G。
解析
2 Being able to provide a safe space through deep listening creates trust，which lays the foundation for meaningful relationships and fruitful partnerships.As a result，people are more likely to share openly and honestly.Empathy and listening will increase the quality of your relationships and skyrocket your results.
A.Show your kindness and respect to others.
B.This informs them that they are appreciated.
C.As your conversation continues，ask what is needed.
D.Support your friends and colleagues by listening actively.
E.When you are in contribution to others，you make a positive impact.
F.As a leader，you have your own unique set of strengths and knowledge.
G.One person may not change the world，but you can make a positive impact daily.
√
根据本段下文内容可知，本段谈的是倾听的重要性，D项(通过积极倾听支持你的朋友和同事)可以作为本段的主题句。故选D。
解析
Making a positive impact can also be as simple as taking the time to acknowledge and inspire someone into action.Taking time to acknowledge someone by letting them know you see their efforts and talents.
3 An example of what this could sound like is，“Wow! I am blown away by your project.What I see possible for you is to share with the rest of the team how to do it too.”
A.Show your kindness and respect to others.
B.This informs them that they are appreciated.
C.As your conversation continues，ask what is needed.
D.Support your friends and colleagues by listening actively.
E.When you are in contribution to others，you make a positive impact.
F.As a leader，you have your own unique set of strengths and knowledge.
G.One person may not change the world，but you can make a positive
impact daily.
√
根据上文的“Making a positive impact can also be as simple as taking the time to acknowledge and inspire someone into action.Taking time to acknowledge someone by letting them know you see their efforts and talents.”和下文的“An example of what this could sound like is...””可知，B项(这让他们知道自己是被欣赏的)承接上文，指出认可并激励某人采取行动会让他们知道自己是被欣赏的，下文举例说明如何认可并激励某人采取行动。故选B。
解析
Get involved with your already existing communities and networking circles.Start by connecting with your peers and ask them about causes they’re already involved in.4 There is almost no limit to the impact you can create contributing to a cause that matters to you and your peers.With a little time，you can make a big difference.
A.Show your kindness and respect to others.
B.This informs them that they are appreciated.
C.As your conversation continues，ask what is needed.
D.Support your friends and colleagues by listening actively.
E.When you are in contribution to others，you make a positive impact.
F.As a leader，you have your own unique set of strengths and knowledge.
G.One person may not change the world，but you can make a positive impact daily.
√
根据上文的“Get involved with your already existing communities and networking circles.Start by connecting with your peers and ask them about causes they’re already involved in.”和下文的“There is almost no limit to the impact you can create contributing to a cause that matters to you and your peers.With a little time，you can make a big difference.”可知，C项(随着对话的进行，询问需要什么)承接上文，指出了通过与同事沟通来了解需要做点什么事情，下文说明了只要投入时间，就可以带来积极的影响。故选C。
解析
Sharing your knowledge and strengths is another essential skill.When you share with others，you’re teaching them something special about you and your journey.Imagine what would be possible if your community was in the mode of cooperation and contribution.This approach creates new ideas and opportunities. 5
A.Show your kindness and respect to others.
B.This informs them that they are appreciated.
C.As your conversation continues，ask what is needed.
D.Support your friends and colleagues by listening actively.
E.When you are in contribution to others，you make a positive impact.
F.As a leader，you have your own unique set of strengths and knowledge.
G.One person may not change the world，but you can make a positive impact daily.
√
根据上文的“Sharing your knowledge and strengths is another essential skill...This approach creates new ideas and opportunities.”可知，本段讲的是你为他人做事情的一个做法，即分享你的知识和优势去帮助他人，E项(当你为他人做贡献时，你就会产生积极的影响)承接上文，进行总结，指出你只要为他人做一些贡献，那你就会产生积极的影响。故选E。
解析
A Chinese policeman familiar 1. China’s many regional dialects has helped more than 50 missing people reunite with their families in the past 11 years.
Ⅴ.语法填空
语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了在过去的11年里，一名熟悉中国多地方言的中国警察王保库帮助了50多名失踪人员与家人团聚的故事。
with
考查介词。(be) familiar with“对……熟悉”是固定搭配。故填with。
解析
His 2. (impress) language skills have allowed the 51-year-old police officer Wang Baoku from Wuhan to identify where a person is from by 3. (analyze) their accents.
impressive
2.考查形容词。修饰名词短语language skills应用形容词impressive作定语。故填impressive。
3.考查非谓语动词。作介词by的宾语应用动名词形式，故填analyzing。
解析
analyzing
Wang has used his rare talent to track down people reported as missing for years or even 4.__________(decade).In a case last year，a homeless old man was 5. (critical) ill in hospital，but couldn’t provide any information about his family.
decades
critically
4.考查名词复数。可数名词decade前没有冠词，应用其复数表示“数十年”。故填decades。
5.考查副词。修饰形容词ill应用副词critically作状语。故填critically。
解析
“He said in a weak voice that he was surnamed Xiong，with a falling tone.And he pronounced 6. last character of his given name as ‘Yuan’，with the retroflex(卷舌音) often 7. (hear) in a Chengdu accent，” Wang says.He then narrowed down the scale of his search to Chengdu and finally found the man’s daughter 8. had been looking for him for 22 years.
the
heard
who/that
6.考查冠词。此处last character特指“他名字的最后一个字”，应用定冠词the限定。故填the。
7.考查非谓语动词。介词with后接复合宾语，hear和宾语the retroflex之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作宾补。故填heard。
8.考查定语从句。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为daughter，指代人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
解析
Wang became an expert in dialects during his 22 years of military service when he 9.___________(train) soldiers from different parts of China.Wang says it’s not very hard 10._________(find) information about unidentified people these days with clues from accents and well-developed police data.“I am confident that I can do it as long as I spend enough time and effort，” says Wang.
9.考查动词时态。根据主句谓语became可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填trained。
10.考查非谓语动词。此处为固定句型“It is＋adj.＋to do”，it为形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语。故填to find。
解析
trained
to find
返 回
本课结束Period 3　Grammar and usage—Overview of noun clauses
阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并完成下面的练习。
There are many mysteries ①what dinosaurs looked like.You may think ②that dinosaurs were big，green and scaly，right？But the fact is ③that they appeared very different from what we think.In recent years，scientists have worked out ④how they looked：many of them were small with feathers.Scientists also believe ⑤that many dinosaurs had bright colors.But ⑥why dinosaurs came into extinction is still a mystery.
[自主发现]
以上黑体部分均为名词性从句；名词性从句指在复合句中起名词作用的从句，包括主语从句，如⑥；同位语从句，如①；表语从句，如③；宾语从句，如句②，④和⑤。
名词性从句
一、名词性从句的概述
名词性从句是在复合句中起名词作用的从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
二、名词性从句的连接词及语序
1．从属连词：that，whether，if。
(1)以上连接词只起连接作用，在从句中均不充当任何成分。
(2)其中，that无词义；whether/if均表示“是否”。
2．连接代词：what，who，which，whom，whose，whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever。连接代词既起连接作用，又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或者定语。
3．连接副词：when，where，why，how。连接副词既起连接作用，又在从句中作状语。
4．语序：名词性从句一律用陈述语序。
三、名词性从句的分类
1．主语从句：在句子中作主语的从句叫主语从句。
That she likes him is very obvious.
很显然她喜欢他。
What we say here will not be long remembered，but what we do here can change the world.
我们在这里所讲的(话)，人们不会长久地记住，但我们在这里所做的(事)却能改变世界。
Where you are going is what we want to know.
我们想知道你打算去哪里。
Why the sun in the morning looks bigger than at noon is very interesting.
为什么早晨的太阳看上去比中午的太阳大呢？这很有趣。
[温馨提示]
(1)有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末，这时that可以省略。
It’s a wonder (that) you survived the disaster.
你幸免于难真是个奇迹。
It is clear (that) he has gone.
很显然，他已经走了。
It is known to us all how he became a writer.
我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
(2)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数；如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。
When the meeting will be beld has not been decided yet.会议于何时何地举行还没确定。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们什么时候出发、去哪里还没确定。
When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.
会议什么时候在哪里开始还没确定。
(3)特殊的主语从句句式
It＋不及物动词＋主语从句：
It appears/seems that...似乎……
It happens that...碰巧……
It occurs to sb that...某人突然想起……
It seems/appears that we have come on the wrong day.
好像我们来得不是时候。
It occurred to me that he might be lying.
我忽然想到他可能是在说谎。
2．宾语从句：在句子中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.
我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。
In one’s own home，one can do whatever one likes.一个人在自己家里可以随心所欲。
She always thinks of how she can work well.
她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
[温馨提示]
当宾语从句后带宾补时，要用 it 作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在补语后面。其句型是“主语＋谓语＋it＋宾补(名词/形容词)＋that从句(真正的宾语)”，that不可省略。可用于此结构的动词有think，find，consider，make，believe，feel等。
We all thought it a pity that he lost the good chance.
我们都为他失去这个好机会而感到遗憾。
3．表语从句：在句子中作表语的从句叫表语从句，即位于系动词之后作表语的从句。
The fact is that we have lost the game.
事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
This is where our problem lies.
这就是我们的问题所在。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
看上去要下雨了。
[温馨提示]
(1)当主语是reason/cause/excuse/result时，或主语是why引导的主语从句时，表语从句的连接词要用that。
The reason why Tom failed in the exam was that he didn’t work hard.
汤姆考试不及格的原因是学习不努力。
Why he was late was that he missed the train this morning.
他迟到的原因是他今天早晨错过了火车。
(2)why 引导表语从句强调结果，意为“……的原因/因此……”；because引导表语从句强调原因，意为“因为……”。
I had a cold.That’s why I didn’t come.
我感冒了，因此我没来。
He is popular among girls.This is because he is handsome and has a good sense of humor.
他很受女生欢迎。这是因为他帅气又很有幽默感。
4．同位语从句：跟在某些名词的后面，对前面与之同位的名词的具体内容加以补充说明或进一步解释。
同位语从句可由that，whether或what，when，where等词引导。常接同位语从句的抽象名词有advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等。
The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室的所有人都不安。
I have no idea when he will come back home.
我不知道他什么时候回家。
He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go shopping with them.
他还未决定是否要和他们一起去购物。
四、名词性从句用法中的注意点
1．that引导宾语从句不可省略的情形
that引导的宾语从句中，当主句的谓语动词是believe，calculate，dare say，think等时，that常被省去，但在下列情况下不能省略：
(1)动词后面有并列宾语从句时，第二个宾语从句中的that不能省略；
(2)当that作介词宾语时，that不可省略。
Many people believe (that) higher education should be free and that more students should have access to it.很多人认为高等教育应该免费，而且更多的学生应该有机会接受高等教育。
I didn’t tell him anything on the phone except that I needed the money.
电话里我什么都没有告诉他，只是说我需要钱。
2．that引导定语从句与同位语从句的区别
(1)定语从句是指在复合句中起形容词作用的从句，对先行词起修饰和限定作用；同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句，用来解释说明其前面的抽象名词。
(2)that在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略，有时候可以与which互换；that在同位语从句中不充当成分，无词义，只起引导句子的作用，但不能省略。
The promise (that/which) I made to myself was that this year，my first year in high school，would be different.(本句中第一个that引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，可省略)
I made a promise to myself that this year，my first year in high school，would be different.(that引导同位语从句，解释说明promise的具体内容，不充当成分，只起引导句子的作用，但不能省略)
我向自己保证：今年，我高中的第一年，将会是不同的一年。
3．that和what引导名词性从句的区别
that只起连接作用，不充当任何成分；what在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语。
It is known to us all that China is a country with a long history.(it为形式主语，that引导的主语从句为真正的主语，that无词义且不充当任何成分)
What is known to us all is that China is a country with a long history.(“What is known to us all”为主语从句，what为连接代词，在从句中作主语)
众所周知，中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
4．whether和if引导名词性从句的区别
(1)whether与if意为“是否”时一般可以互换
It is doubtful whether/if the work can be finished on time.
工作能否按时完成令人怀疑。
(2)下列情况下一般用whether而不用if
①引导主语从句置于句首时；②引导表语从句和同位语从句时；③引导宾语从句作介词的宾语时；④后紧跟or not时；⑤后接to do时；⑥引导如leave，put，discuss，decide等动词后的宾语从句时。
Whether Tom will win the computer competition remains secret till next Monday.(whether引导的主语从句位于句首)
汤姆能否赢得计算机比赛在下周一前仍未可知。
He asked me the question whether we should give money to the homeless.(whether引导同位语从句)
他问了我一个问题，我们是否该给无家可归者钱。
It depends on whether we have enough time.(whether引导宾语从句作介词on的宾语)
这取决于我们是否有足够的时间。
I don’t know whether or not the report is true.(whether与or not直接连用)
我不知道报告是不是真的。
Can you tell me whether to go or stay？(whether后接to do)
你能告诉我是去还是留吗？
We discussed whether we should hold a meeting.(whether引导宾语从句作discuss的宾语)
我们讨论了是否应该举行一次会议。
5．whoever，whatever，whichever等的用法
(1)whoever/whatever/whichever这些词引导名词性从句时，可以转化成相应的定语从句：
whoever＝anyone who...“任何……的人”
whatever＝anything that...“任何……的物”
whichever＝any...that...“任何……的(已知范围内的或上文提到过的)人或物”
The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins first place in the bicycle race.
＝The gold medal will be awarded to anyone who wins first place in the bicycle race.
自行车比赛得第一名的人会获得金牌。
Whatever you can do helps since your support is important to our work.
＝Anything that you can do helps since your support is important to our work.
你能做的任何事对我们都有帮助，因为你的支持对我们的工作很重要。
Whichever of the preventive measures benefits the public should be promoted.
＝Any of the preventive measures that benefits the public should be promoted.
任何对公众有益的预防措施都应该被推广。
(2)whoever/whatever/whichever/whomever等可以引导让步状语从句。
whoever＝no matter who...“无论谁……”
whatever＝no matter what...“无论什么……”
whichever＝no matter which...“无论哪一个……”
Whatever you do，if you want to become great at it，you need to work day in and day out.
＝No matter what you do，if you want to become great at it，you need to work day in and day out.
不管你做什么，如果想做好，你就需要日复一日地努力。
Whichever of the fitness classes you choose，professional instructors are there to help you.
＝No matter which of the fitness classes you choose，professional instructors are there to help you.
不管你选择哪种健身课，都会有专业教练帮助你。
6．名词性从句中使用虚拟语气的用法
(1)在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等，谓语动词用虚拟语气“(should＋)do”，常用的句型有：
It is necessary/important/natural/strange/etc.that...
It is a pity/a shame/no wonder/etc.that...
It is suggested/requested/proposed/desired/etc.that...
(2)表示“命令、建议、要求、请求”的单词(如suggest/suggestion，propose/proposal，require/requirement，advise/advice，request，order，recommend等)不论其是名词还是动词形式，其后跟的名词性从句都要用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形，should可以省略)。如：
It was suggested by him that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question.
＝He suggested that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question.
＝His suggestion was that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question.
＝He put forward a suggestion that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question.他的建议是我们应再召开一次会议来讨论这个问题。
解题策略　名词性从句解题三步走
第一步：根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构判断是不是名词性从句。
第二步：一旦判断是名词性从句，就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连接词。若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，用连接代词；若缺少状语就用连接副词。
第三步：如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if; 如果不缺少成分且意思完整就用that。
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空
1．Whether she comes or not doesn’t concern me.
2．Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interests.
3．When I asked where he was heading，he made no response.
4．It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
5．The suggestion that the new rule should be adopted came from the chairman.
6．Nobody knows for sure why dinosaurs disappeared from the earth in such a short time.
7．We mostly had to rely on the radio or newspapers to know what was going on in the world.
8．We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of what it used to charge.
Ⅱ.使用名词性从句改写句子
1．Along with the letter was his promise.He would visit me this coming Christmas.(同位语从句)
＝Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas.
2．Many students are addicted to computer games.It has become a hot issue.(主语从句)
＝That many students are addicted to computer games has become a hot issue./It has become a hot issue that many students are addicted to computer games.
3．Will ways be found to stop pollution？This is the question worrying the public.(表语从句)
＝The question worrying the public is whether ways will be found to stop pollution.
4．A good idea suddenly came to me.I could send my parents a present on Christmas morning.(同位语从句)
＝A good idea suddenly came to me that I could send my parents a present on Christmas morning.
5．He will leave home to make his fortune in big cities.But he hasn’t decided the time.(宾语从句)
＝He hasn’t decided when he will leave home to make his fortune in big cities.
作业3　Grammar and usage
[分值：77.5分]
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．(2024·浙江1月)Of course，shops are not charities—they price goods in the way that will make them the most money.If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities，that’s what they’ll promote.
2．(2024·全国甲)The only opportunity she could seize to study was when her brother was having Chinese lessons with the family tutor.
3．(2024·浙江1月，读后续写)As the sun cast its rays，the girl noticed how the shadows created patterns on the ground，guiding her path.
4．(2023·新课标Ⅰ)This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors，those errors aren’t always the same.
5．(2023·新课标Ⅱ)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists.This is why they need an English trainer.
6．(2021·新课标Ⅱ)A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick.
7．(2021·新课标Ⅰ)What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
8．(2020·江苏)It is not a problem whether we can win the battle；it’s just a matter of time.
9．(2020·天津)The student completed this experiment to make come true what Professor Joseph had said.
10．(2020·浙江7月)Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on what could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Ⅱ.完成句子(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)
1．明天我们是否举行派对取决于天气。
Whether we will hold a party tomorrow depends on the weather.
2．问题是什么时候他们可以走出舒适区。
The problem is when they can step out of their comfort zone.
3．毫无疑问她的建议对我们来说很有价值。
There is no doubt that her advice is of great value to us.
4．踏入社会后，我明白了生活有多难。
After coming into the society，I understand how difficult life is.
5．汤姆提出的建议是我们应该立即打扫房间。
The suggestion put forward by Tom was that we (should) clean the room immediately.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Standing outside my hospital the other day，I was struck by a sight.In fact，it’s a sight we’ve all seen countless times：obese(肥胖的) nurses standing around outside a hospital.It is estimated that one in four nurses is obese，with nearly two-thirds being overweight.
While some have argued that obese nurses may be less productive and take more time off sick，this isn’t my concern at all.I’m just worried about the example they set to others.Yes，of course，nurses and doctors struggle with having a healthy lifestyle like everyone else.But if they can’t stick to the basic principles of maintaining a healthy lifestyle that they are promoting themselves，then in my opinion they have no business being on the front line.No patient is going to take them seriously unless they can demonstrate that they at least try to practise what they promote.
It’s a serious professional failing，because it sends the disastrous message of “do as I say not as I do”，which is never going to result in someone changing their ways.You wouldn’t take advice about reducing your drinking from an alcoholic，would you？So why should you be expected to listen to an overweight healthcare professional who is telling you to lose a few pounds
Of course，there are lots of instances when a doctor or nurse’s personal struggles can really help.For example，I used to smoke and I find this actually helps me because I can relate to patients—I know their struggles，I know their concerns and I know the things they say to themselves to avoid quitting.Knowing that I used to smoke helps me come across as more human to my patients—I’ve done silly things but I’ve changed and so can they.
Similarly，a nurse who was previously obese but has now lost weight could be a real motivation for patients.But until they have lost weight and can demonstrate that they practise what they promote，they risk alienating(使疏远) the very patients they are charged with helping.
语篇解读　本文是议论文。作者就肥胖护士这一现象提出了自己的担忧和观点，探讨了其对职业形象、患者信任以及健康宣传的影响，并通过个人经历来强化论述，试图说服读者认同其关于医疗工作者应成为健康生活方式榜样的观点。
1．What worries the author concerning obese nurses
A．They will call in sick a lot.
B．They will be unlikely to take patients seriously.
C．They will fail to play their role in health promotion.
D．They will be incompetent at their job on the front line.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“I’m just worried about the example they set to others...But if they can’t stick to...they have no business being on the front line.”可知，作者担心的是肥胖护士给别人树立了不好的榜样，尤其是在健康促进方面无法有效发挥作用。故选C。
2．What is the author’s attitude to “do as I say not as I do”？
A．Tolerant. B．Contradictory.
C．Uncaring. D．Disapproving.
答案　D
解析　观点态度题。根据文章第三段中的“It’s a serious professional failing，because it sends the disastrous message of ‘do as I say not as I do’，which is never going to result in someone changing their ways.”可知，作者指出这种做法永远不会使某人改变他们的行为方式。因此，作者对这种行为持反对态度。故选D。
3．In what way is the author’s experience of quitting smoking helpful
A．He understands smokers better.
B．He sets a good example to his workmates.
C．He manages to maintain a healthier lifestyle.
D．He has become brave in the face of struggles.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，作者戒烟的经历让他能更好地理解吸烟者。故选A。
4．What can we infer about the author
A．He is an alcoholic. B．He is a doctor.
C．He is overweight. D．He is impatient.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是结合倒数第二段中的my patients可知，作者可能是医生。故选B。
B(此篇精读)
If you’re a white-collar worker working at an office，it’s unlikely that anyone can guess exactly what you do from your clothes.That’s not true for lots of the people you interact with.The bus driver who gets you to your destination，and the people on reception as you enter the building—they’re likely to be wearing some kind of corporate uniform.A poll① of American workers conducted last summer by Gallup found that although most employees wear casual clothes，almost a quarter wear a uniform.
Some employers require uniforms，since they help ensure a level of professionalism in appearance，project a brand identity with useful job-specific features，and send a clear signal to customers about whom they should approach with questions.
Those customers draw different conclusions if staff are in uniform.A study by Robert Smith of Tilburg University and his colleagues asked people to imagine being on the receiving end of poor service when picking up a pizza.They were then shown pictures of uniformed or non-uniformed employees.Participants were more likely to blame the company than the individual for a bad experience when a uniform was involved.If corporate clothing makes each worker seem more representative of their employers，the authors suggest that it may be a good idea not to give it to inexperienced workers.
Uniforms can also affect the psychology of employees.In 2012，Hajo Adam and Adam Galinsky coined② the term “unclothed cognition” to describe the effect that specific clothes have on the way people think and feel.In one study，Emilie Caspar of Ghent University gave participants the option to apply minor electric shocks to other people in return for money；those dressed in Red Cross uniforms showed more empathy③ than those in normal outfits.
The effects uniforms have on workers will obviously vary.The obvious objection to uniforms is that they lack individuality.But employees who don’t have to wear a formal uniform tend to have their own pattern of dressing，thus forming another informal uniform.
语篇解读　这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了制服对员工的影响，包括帮助公司树立形象、影响顾客的看法以及对员工心理的影响等。
5．What do we know about white-collar office workers
A．They must follow strict rules about uniforms.
B．Their way of dressing reveals their job duties.
C．Their clothes may not be relevant to their work.
D．They wear uniforms to inspire customers’ interest.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“If you’re a white-collar worker working at an office，it’s unlikely that anyone can guess exactly what you do from your clothes.”可知，白领的穿着可能与其工作没有关联。故选C。
6．What did the participants do in the study in paragraph 3
A．They imagined being served in a shop.
B．They dressed up in employees’ uniform.
C．They were asked to work in a pizza shop.
D．They ordered pizza from uniformed employees.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“A study by Robert Smith of Tilburg University and his colleagues asked people to imagine being on the receiving end of poor service when picking up a pizza.”可知，参与者在调查中被要求想象在商店接受服务的情景。故选A。
7．Why are workplace uniforms disliked by some people
A．They block customers’ enclothed cognition.
B．They’re an expression of being inexperienced.
C．They are inferior to their own pattern of dressing.
D．They lack an expression of wearers’ individuality.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“The obvious objection to uniforms is that they lack individuality.”可知，有些人不喜欢工作场所的制服，是因为它们缺乏个性。故选D。
8．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．An essay on fashion trend.
B．A review of workplace culture.
C．A guidebook about making clothes.
D．An introduction to social customs.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Some employers require...approach with questions.”和第三段中“Those customers draw different conclusions if staff are in uniform.”可知，本文主要讨论了制服对员工的影响，包括帮助公司树立形象、影响顾客的看法以及对员工心理的影响等。因此，这篇文章最有可能出自一篇关于职场文化的评论。故选B。
[语境猜词]
①poll n．民意调查；民意测验
②coin n．硬币 v．创造(本文为此义)
③empathy n．同情；同理心
[句式分析]
Some employers require uniforms，since they help ensure a level of professionalism in appearance，project a brand identity with useful job-specific features，and send a clear signal to customers about whom they should approach with questions.
分析：此句为复合句。since引导原因状语从句；whom they should approach with questions是宾语从句，作about的宾语。
翻译：一些雇主要求穿制服，因为制服有助于确保外观上的专业度，彰显出具有有用的工作特征的品牌形象，并向客户明确传达遇到问题时应找谁。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
On a large scale，making the world a better place can seem challenging. 1 As a leader，your perspectives and ideas can directly impact your community for the better.Here are some ways to make an impact and grow your leadership through emotional intelligence.
2 Being able to provide a safe space through deep listening creates trust，which lays the foundation for meaningful relationships and fruitful partnerships.As a result，people are more likely to share openly and honestly.Empathy and listening will increase the quality of your relationships and skyrocket your results.
Making a positive impact can also be as simple as taking the time to acknowledge and inspire someone into action.Taking time to acknowledge someone by letting them know you see their efforts and talents. 3 An example of what this could sound like is，“Wow! I am blown away by your project.What I see possible for you is to share with the rest of the team how to do it too.”
Get involved with your already existing communities and networking circles.Start by connecting with your peers and ask them about causes they’re already involved in. 4 There is almost no limit to the impact you can create contributing to a cause that matters to you and your peers.With a little time，you can make a big difference.
Sharing your knowledge and strengths is another essential skill.When you share with others，you’re teaching them something special about you and your journey.Imagine what would be possible if your community was in the mode of cooperation and contribution.This approach creates new ideas and opportunities. 5
A．Show your kindness and respect to others.
B．This informs them that they are appreciated.
C．As your conversation continues，ask what is needed.
D．Support your friends and colleagues by listening actively.
E．When you are in contribution to others，you make a positive impact.
F．As a leader，you have your own unique set of strengths and knowledge.
G．One person may not change the world，but you can make a positive impact daily.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了如何通过情商提升领导力，从而在社区中产生积极影响。
1．答案　G
解析　根据上文的“On a large scale，making the world a better place can seem challenging.”和下文的“As a leader，your perspectives and ideas can directly impact your community for the better.”可知，G项(一个人可能改变不了世界，但你可以每天都产生积极的影响)承接上文，说明了一个人可以根据自己的实际情况为改变世界做出自己的一份贡献，下文指出了你的努力可以影响到你所在的社区。故选G。
2．答案　D
解析　根据本段下文内容可知，本段谈的是倾听的重要性，D项(通过积极倾听支持你的朋友和同事)可以作为本段的主题句。故选D。
3．答案　B
解析　根据上文的“Making a positive impact can also be as simple as taking the time to acknowledge and inspire someone into action.Taking time to acknowledge someone by letting them know you see their efforts and talents.”和下文的“An example of what this could sound like is...””可知，B项(这让他们知道自己是被欣赏的)承接上文，指出认可并激励某人采取行动会让他们知道自己是被欣赏的，下文举例说明如何认可并激励某人采取行动。故选B。
4．答案　C
解析　根据上文的“Get involved with your already existing communities and networking circles.Start by connecting with your peers and ask them about causes they’re already involved in.”和下文的“There is almost no limit to the impact you can create contributing to a cause that matters to you and your peers.With a little time，you can make a big difference.”可知，C项(随着对话的进行，询问需要什么)承接上文，指出了通过与同事沟通来了解需要做点什么事情，下文说明了只要投入时间，就可以带来积极的影响。故选C。
5．答案　E
解析　根据上文的“Sharing your knowledge and strengths is another essential skill...This approach creates new ideas and opportunities.”可知，本段讲的是你为他人做事情的一个做法，即分享你的知识和优势去帮助他人，E项(当你为他人做贡献时，你就会产生积极的影响)承接上文，进行总结，指出你只要为他人做一些贡献，那你就会产生积极的影响。故选E。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
A Chinese policeman familiar 1. China’s many regional dialects has helped more than 50 missing people reunite with their families in the past 11 years.His 2. (impress) language skills have allowed the 51-year-old police officer Wang Baoku from Wuhan to identify where a person is from by 3. (analyze) their accents.
Wang has used his rare talent to track down people reported as missing for years or even 4.__________(decade)．In a case last year，a homeless old man was 5. (critical) ill in hospital，but couldn’t provide any information about his family.“He said in a weak voice that he was surnamed Xiong，with a falling tone.And he pronounced 6. last character of his given name as ‘Yuan’，with the retroflex(卷舌音) often 7. (hear) in a Chengdu accent，” Wang says.He then narrowed down the scale of his search to Chengdu and finally found the man’s daughter 8. had been looking for him for 22 years.
Wang became an expert in dialects during his 22 years of military service when he 9.______________(train) soldiers from different parts of China.Wang says it’s not very hard 10.______________(find) information about unidentified people these days with clues from accents and well-developed police data.“I am confident that I can do it as long as I spend enough time and effort，” says Wang.
语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了在过去的11年里，一名熟悉中国多地方言的中国警察王保库帮助了50多名失踪人员与家人团聚的故事。
1．答案　with
解析　考查介词。(be) familiar with“对……熟悉”是固定搭配。故填with。
2．答案　impressive
解析　考查形容词。修饰名词短语language skills应用形容词impressive作定语。故填impressive。
3．答案　analyzing
解析　考查非谓语动词。作介词by的宾语应用动名词形式，故填analyzing。
4．答案　decades
解析　考查名词复数。可数名词decade前没有冠词，应用其复数表示“数十年”。故填decades。
5．答案　critically
解析　考查副词。修饰形容词ill应用副词critically作状语。故填critically。
6．答案　the
解析　考查冠词。此处last character特指“他名字的最后一个字”，应用定冠词the限定。故填the。
7．答案　heard
解析　考查非谓语动词。介词with后接复合宾语，hear和宾语the retroflex之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作宾补。故填heard。
8．答案　who/that
解析　考查定语从句。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为daughter，指代人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
9．答案　trained
解析　考查动词时态。根据主句谓语became可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填trained。
10．答案　to find
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处为固定句型“It is＋adj.＋to do”，it为形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语。故填to find。

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