资源简介

(共79张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Lesson 3
CAREERS
UNIT 7
内容索引
Part 1　课文深度理解
Part 2　语言知识梳理
训练4
课文深度理解
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A.How to learn actively.
B.How to keep up with the times.
C.How to be your own boss.
D.How to change your attitude to modern career.
√
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
field
Technology
eight
success
expert
replaced
disappear
prepared
changes
skills
1.What’s the function of the first paragraph
A.To show what jobs people did in the past.
B.To introduce some new jobs.
C.To explain the cause of a job trend.
D.To bring in the topic.
√
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
2.What does “look beyond the little box”(Line 22) mean
A.Consider something in a new way.
B.Leave your present job.
C.Look at the other side of a box.
D.Try one’s fortune.
√
3.Why is planning to work in the same field impractical anymore
A.Because of people’s lack of patience with work.
B.Because of the development of technology.
C.Because people have no working skills.
D.Because people hope for the best.
√
4.What can we infer from para.4
A.It is possible that you will be replaced by robots in your job.
B.Your present job will surely disappear in ten years.
C.If you don’t study，you might be out of work in the future.
D.You’d better begin to learn after you leave one job.
√
5.Why does the writer think the “new boss” is “you”？
A.You can hire yourself.
B.You can be master of yourself.
C.Only you can change your attitude towards jobs.
D.Only you can decide what you can do and how well you can do it.
√
Up until 1. 1980s，people in many countries regularly followed in their parents’ footsteps by working in the family business or joining the same profession as them.However，most people now have no 2.___________
(intend) of following in their parents’ footsteps or even staying at one job 3. very long.
In fact，planning to work in the same field or industry for your entire working life just isn’t practical anymore.One reason for this 4. (be) technology.Jobs and occupations come and go at an 5. (amaze) pace these days.
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
the
intention
for
is
amazing
You may have to go back to the classroom and 6. (retrain) in order to be qualified 7. (work) in another field.It is 8._________
(entire) your choice to learn，or to be forced to learn.In short，if you want to succeed in a 21st century career，you will have to develop new essential 9. (skill).The truth is that you are the boss of your career，and it is up to you to decide 10. you can do and how well you can do it.
返 回
be retrained
to work
entirely
skills
what
语言知识梳理
adj.有关的，切题的(relevance n.关联，切题 irrelevant adj.不相关的 relevantly adv.相关地)
1
relevant
be relevant to与……相关
[拓展]　“和……有关”还可以用be related to和 be associated with 来表达。
(1)What he said has no direct (relevant) to the matter we are discussing at present.
relevance
(2)(应用文写作之建议信)在上一封邮件中，你询问到中国朋友家做客的事情。现在，我写信告诉你一些相关的细节。
In your last email，you asked me about being a guest to a Chinese friend’s home.Now，I am writing to _________________________
.
写作佳句
inform you of some relevant details
n.职业；占领 (occupy vt.占据；占用；使忙于 occupied adj.忙于；被占领的)
2
occupation
·occupy oneself with sth/(in) doing sth忙于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事
·be occupied (in) doing sth忙于做某事
be occupied in/with sth忙于某事
keep sb/oneself occupied使某人/自己忙碌
(1)Teaching almost all her life.Sometimes，she is so _________
in working that she has no time for relaxation.With education __________
her mind，she cares less what is not related to her .(occupy)
occupies
occupied
occupying
occupation
(2)她全身心投入工作，所以她没有时间休假。
① ，so she spares no time for a holiday.
② that she spares no time for a holiday.(结果状语从句)
③ ，she spares no time for a holiday.(分词短语作状语)
写作佳句
She is fully occupied with her work
She is so fully occupied with her work
Fully occupied with her work
(3)(应用文写作之申请信)在我的业余时间，我一直忙于练习我的英语口语，所以我英语说得很流利。
In my spare time，I _____________________________________
so I speak English fluently.
have been occupied in practising my oral English
vt.& vi.(使)有资格，有权利；取得资格，达到标准[qualification n.资格 qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等) disqualification n.不合格；取消资格]
3
qualify
·qualify (sb) for sth 使(某人)合格；使(某人)具备资格
qualify sb to do...使某人有资格做……
qualify (sth) as sth 使(某物)符合/配得上某称号/名称等
·be qualified for sth具备……的资格；能胜任……
be qualified to do sth有资格做某事
·have the qualification for/to do 有……的资格
(1)He has relevant to himself to be a teacher and hence，he is well to be your teaching assistant.(qualify)
(2)Previous teaching experience qualifies you (drive) heavy vehicles.
qualifications
qualify
qualified
to drive
(3)(应用文写作之邀请信)毫无疑问，你相当有资格和经验来表达你的想法，因为你有聪明的头脑。
There is no doubt that and experienced in presenting your ideas，because of your brilliant mind.
(4)(应用文写作之申请信)善于创新且可靠，我的确相信我完全符合志愿者工作的条件。
Innovative and reliable，I do believe _______________________
.
写作佳句
you are quite qualified
I’m perfectly qualified for the job as a volunteer
n.可能，可能性(likely adj.可能的；有……倾向的 unlikely adj.不大可能的)
4
likelihood
be likely/unlikely to do有/没有可能做……
It is likely/unlikely that...……是有/没有可能的。
(1)Stop daydreaming.There is no (likely) that we will win the lottery.
(2)The workshop，led by a renowned specialist，is likely (provide) practical skills for the participants.
likelihood
to provide
(3)通过保护这些历史遗迹，我们的孩子更有可能为我们的文化感到自豪。
By protecting these historical sites，our children ______________
.
写作佳句
are more likely to take pride in our culture
5
祈使句＋and＋陈述句
Keep doing this，and you can become an expert or a specialist in something one day.(P15，Para.3)
持之以恒，这样有一天你才会成为某个行业的专家或专业人士。
本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。该句型中的祈使句有时也可用条件状语从句或非谓语动词改写。另外还有两种常见形式：
(1)祈使句＋or＋陈述句＝If...not...，＋主句(or表示“否则；要不然的话”，or可用or else或otherwise替换)
(2)名词短语＋and＋陈述句(名词短语中通常含有more，another，further，earlier等词)
(1)Try some of this juice that the chef recommends， perhaps you’ll like it.
(2)Study hard you’ll regret not doing so in the future.
and
or
(3)坚持你的梦想，那么总有一天你会成功的。
① ，and you’re sure to succeed some day.
② ，you’re sure to succeed some day.
③ ，you’re sure to succeed some day.
写作佳句
Hold on to your dream
If you hold on to your dream
Holding on to your dream
6
it is up to sb to do sth
The truth is that you are the boss of your career，and it is up to you to decide what you can do and how well you can do it.(P15，Para.5)
实际上，你才是自己职业生涯的老板，也只有你才能决定自己能做什么、能做多好。
结构分析：此句是并列复合句。第一个and连接两个并列分句。第一个分句中，that引导表语从句，而and之后的分句中，it为形式主语，真正的主语是to decide...；decide之后为and连接的并列的宾语从句。
由某人决定做某事
up to now直到现在(常与现在完成时连用)
up to sth至多有；多达……
be up to (doing) sth能胜任(做)某事；从事/忙于(做)某事
(1)It’s up to you (decide) whether to be a lawyer or a physician.
(2)Up to now，we (make) significant progress in our project.
to decide
have made
(3)聪明又勤奋，她能胜任这份工作，并且应得到一份稳定的工资。
Intelligent and reliable，_________________________________
.
写作佳句
返 回
she is up to the job and deserves a secure salary
训练4
1.As a (profession) lawyer，the brilliant girl is at the very top of her profession.
2.At 60，the impressive librarian is now approaching (retire).
3.When writing your composition，make sure to keep your views closely relevant the topic.
4.It is hoped that these (specialize) can come up with new ways to solve the problem.
5.The physician is always occupied with his (occupy).
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
professional
retirement
to
specialists
occupation
6.What is well known to us all is experience is essential for this job.
7.He was qualified the job and no one questioned his competence as a dentist.
8.Controlled by anxiety，you will feel a lack of (secure) and confidence.
9.I’m not sure you are confused about，but I’ll try to find out.
10.In this job，experience counts for more than paper _______________
(qualify).
that
for
security
what
qualifications
1.汤姆一直在学校科学俱乐部从事项目工作。(occupy)
Tom in the school’s science club.
2.他的努力使他有能力担任领导角色。(qualify)
His hard work has .
3.如何领导俱乐部是由汤姆决定的，他的选择将极大地影响俱乐部的方向。(up to)
，and his choices will greatly influence its direction.
Ⅱ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)
has been occupied in doing projects
qualified him for the leadership role
It’s up to Tom to decide how to lead the club
4.俱乐部的未来成功无疑将由他关注的重点来决定。(what 引导的宾语从句)
The club’s future success will undoubtedly be determined by ___________
.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
what he
focuses on
参考范文
Tom has been occupied in doing projects in the school’s science club for a few months，devoting countless hours to his passion.So his relentless hard work has qualified him for the leadership role.It is believed that it’s up to him to decide how to lead the club，and his choices will greatly influence its direction.In a word，the club’s future success will undoubtedly be determined by what he focuses on.Now，Tom is ready to embrace this challenge and lead the club to new heights of achievement.
A
Have you ever conducted a job interview through video？Do you work remotely and mostly communicate with your colleagues through technologies like Microsoft Teams or Slack？Technologies are rapidly changing how，when，and where we work.But what impact do they have on our work motivation？We recently reviewed the research done to answer this question and unfortunately，the news is not so good.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了在工作设计中综合考虑技术因素和人的心理因素的必要性。
For the most part，technologies have worsened the satisfaction of our psychological needs when we work.They are robbing us of our feelings of control and freedom because they monitor us and tell us what and how to do our work；sometimes they also pressure us to work faster. And they are decreasing our chances to create meaningful relationships with colleagues.
To fix and avoid these issues in the future，we have concluded from this review that we need to advocate for the use of psychological knowledge when designing technologies to be used in work environments. Psychologists are well equipped to advise how to design and use technologies in ways that will maintain or even improve the design of our work.
Work is considered to be well-designed when it gives us some decision-making power，provides us with performance feedback，and allows us to connect with colleagues not only to increase relatedness but also to see the impact our work has on stakeholders(利益相关者).Good work design makes our work more meaningful.
Why is this important？Because work motivation that stems from meaning and enjoyment will be increasingly important in the future of work.Indeed，as work environments and career tracks become more dynamic and precarious，we need workers to be more active and flexible for the changeable situation.And motivation through meaning and enjoyment makes people more active and flexible.
So，when you hear your employer wants to introduce new technologies in your workplace，ask them if they have used the service of psychology experts.It will ensure your work keeps being designed in a way that will make it meaningful and enjoyable.
1.According to the recent research review，how do technologies affect our work
A.They decrease our working efficiency.
B.They increase our psychological needs.
C.They improve our relationships with colleagues.
D.They reduce our work motivation for creativity.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中“For the most part，technologies have worsened the satisfaction of our psychological needs when we work...they monitor us and tell us what and how to do our work；sometimes they also pressure us to work faster.”可知，技术降低了我们创造性的工作动机。故选D项。
解析
2.What does the author suggest for introducing technologies in work
A.Updating technical equipment.
B.Reviewing the former research.
C.Consulting psychology experts.
D.Improving the design of our work.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中“To fix and avoid these issues in the future，we have concluded from this review that we need to advocate for the use of psychological knowledge when designing technologies to be used in work environments.”可知，对于在工作中引入技术，作者的建议是要咨询心理学专家。故选C项。
解析
3.What does the underlined word “precarious” mean in paragraph 5
A.Uncertain. B.Unavoidable.
C.Rewarding. D.Straightforward.
√
词义猜测题。画线词后文提到我们需要工人更加积极和灵活地应对多变的情况，由此可推断，此处表达“随着工作环境和职业轨迹变得更加动态和不确定”，precarious意为“不确定的”，故选A项。
解析
4.What is the best title for the text
A.Is Technology Killing Your Work Motivation
B.What the Employers Can Do in the Workplace
C.A New Review Gives Insights on Psychology
D.The Future of Work Environments and Career Tracks
√
标题归纳题。通读全文，文章开头提到技术对工作动机的负面影响，然后建议在工作设计中考虑心理学因素并解释了原因，最后总结强调在引入新技术时考虑心理学专家的意见以确保工作的意义和乐趣，从而保持工作动机。因此，A项“Is Technology Killing Your Work Motivation？(技术正在削弱你的工作动力？)”概括了文章探讨的主要问题，故选A项。
解析
B
Scientists are working on new technology that may aid art historians in answering the question：Masterpiece or masterful imitation(仿制品)
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍帮助艺术史学家鉴定画作真伪的数字技术。
Art historians are often asked to authenticate(鉴定) art with their knowledge of the subject and science and technology.The materials used in the painting are often analyzed and X-rayed.Now，art historians may have another technological tool to help their process.Scientists have developed a new authentication technique that analyzes and sorts out paintings based on a digital analysis of the artist’s style.
The digital authentication technique takes scans of artwork that have already been authenticated as being from a master artist.From these scans，it creates a statistical model of the artist’s work：a baseline.New paintings can be compared to the baseline to find consistencies and inconsistencies in an artist’s work.The images of the two paintings reveal what the human eye could not see.When the analysis recognizes this difference，the fakes are found out.In an experiment，the model automatically grouped together the eight authenticated works，separating them from five imitations.
However，some art historians held some different views on the new technique.“It’s an interesting idea.But I think a much larger sample of work has to be tested，” said Nadine Oberstein，head of an art museum in New York.If the technology turns out to be accurate，she added，it could be used to add to the expertise of scholars.
Most importantly，Hany Farid，a computer scientist behind the new technique，says，“Such a method could be used to determine whether more than one person or hand was involved in creating a painting.”Using his model，Farid studied the faces of six individual characters in the painting Madonna with Child.Three of the faces proved to be statistically similar，while the three other faces were all different.This indicates that at least four hands contributed to the painting.“If further studies prove convincingly that this computer program effectively distinguishes between different artistic hands，it will lead to a whole new era in the study of the workshop practice of artists，” said Farid.
5.Why are scientists developing the new technique
A.To create digital copies of famous paintings.
B.To improve the process of art authentication.
C.To make displays more interactive for visitors.
D.To replace art historians in authenticating works.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Now，art historians may have another technological tool to help their process.Scientists have developed a new authentication technique...the artist’s style.”可知，科学家们研发新技术来改进艺术品鉴定的过程。故选B。
解析
6.How does the digital authentication technique work
A.By analyzing materials.
B.By identifying style patterns.
C.By X-raying a baseline.
D.By comparing to a statistical model.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The digital authentication technique takes...fakes are found out.”可知，数字鉴定技术通过扫描真迹来建立一个统计模型，即基准，然后将待鉴定的作品与基准进行比较来识别赝品。故选D。
解析
7.What is Nadine’s attitude towards the new technique
A.Enthusiastic. B.Indifferent.
C.Doubtful. D.Optimistic.
√
观点态度题。根据第四段中“It’s an interesting idea.But I think a much larger sample of work has to be tested”可推知，Nadine认为需要测试更多作品样本来验证新技术，因此她对新技术持怀疑态度。故选C。
解析
8.What can the new technique tell about a painting
A.The painter of the masterpiece.
B.The materials used in the painting.
C.The time period in which the painting was created.
D.The number of painters involved in creating the painting.
√
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Such a method could be used to determine whether more than one person or hand was involved in creating a painting.”可知，这种方法可以用来确定是否有不止一个人或一只手参与了一幅画的创作。因此，新技术可以确定参与创作的人数，故选D。
解析
Living a balanced life can help you be happier.Finding balance is an art and there’s no correct balance that will work for everyone.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何保持工作和生活平衡的一些建议。
Ⅳ.七选五
A.Avoid taking work-related calls.
B.It will take some time and need practice.
C.Have your personal social circles help you with your work.
D.Set boundaries for both your work and personal social circles.
E.You can set aside certain times that are specifically for learning new skills.
F.But they may be more willing to let you work on a new schedule if you list
some necessary reasons.
G.Having a physical boundary between your work life and your home life can
help enhance a healthy work-life balance.
√
1 However，finding the right balance for you can help you make the most out of life.
根据空前“Finding balance is an art and there’s no correct balance that will work for everyone.”和空后“However，finding the right balance for you can help you make the most out of life.”可知，找到正确的平衡不容易，但是找到适合你的平衡可以帮助你最大限度地利用生活。由此可知，前后语义为转折关系，此处也是讲述找到正确的平衡不容易，B项“寻找平衡需要时间和练习”符合语境。故选B。
解析
A.Avoid taking work-related calls.
B.It will take some time and need practice.
C.Have your personal social circles help you with your work.
D.Set boundaries for both your work and personal social circles.
E.You can set aside certain times that are specifically for learning new skills.
F.But they may be more willing to let you work on a new schedule if you list
some necessary reasons.
G.Having a physical boundary between your work life and your home life can
help enhance a healthy work-life balance.
√
Reduce the amount of work you do at home whenever possible. 2 Try to keep your job，including your work computer，documents，and anything else from your office，away from your personal living space.
根据空前“Reduce the amount of work you do at home whenever possible.”和空后“Try to keep your job...away from your personal living space.”可知，本段讲述要保持工作和家庭之间的平衡。G项“在你的工作生活和家庭生活之间有一个物理的界限可以帮助提高健康的工作与生活的平衡”符合语境。故选G。
解析
A.Avoid taking work-related calls.
B.It will take some time and need practice.
C.Have your personal social circles help you with your work.
D.Set boundaries for both your work and personal social circles.
E.You can set aside certain times that are specifically for learning new skills.
F.But they may be more willing to let you work on a new schedule if you list
some necessary reasons.
G.Having a physical boundary between your work life and your home life can
help enhance a healthy work-life balance.
√
If you work from home，set up distinct work and home spaces.Try to unplug technology when you are home from work. 3 Spend time doing activities off the computer，like crafting or cooking.
根据空前“Try to unplug technology when you are home from work.”和空后“Spend time doing activities off the computer，like crafting or cooking.”可知，此处讲述了保持工作和家庭之间的平衡的具体做法。由此可知，A项“避免接与工作有关的电话”符合语境。故选A。
解析
A.Avoid taking work-related calls.
B.It will take some time and need practice.
C.Have your personal social circles help you with your work.
D.Set boundaries for both your work and personal social circles.
E.You can set aside certain times that are specifically for learning new skills.
F.But they may be more willing to let you work on a new schedule if you list
some necessary reasons.
G.Having a physical boundary between your work life and your home life can
help enhance a healthy work-life balance.
√
4 Even if you have a flexible schedule，it’s important to communicate when you are and aren’t available to handle work-related issues.
本空为段落主旨句，根据段中举的例子“Let your boss and co-workers know...is your job.”可知，本段介绍要为你的工作和个人社交圈设定界限。由此可知，D项“为你的工作和个人社交圈设定界限”符合语境。故选D。
解析
Let your boss and co-workers know if you cannot or will not respond to a 3 a.m.text asking for a report by 6 a.m.Your personal social circles should have a similar boundary(界限) during your workday.Let them know that between 8 a.m.and 5 p.m.，your first duty is your job.Catch up with them during a break or during your lunch if you want to chat during the workday.
Talk to your office about renegotiating your work duties if necessary.If you find your job makes it difficult to have the work-life balance，talk to your boss about new terms.You don’t need to provide a lot of detail，but be prepared to provide some context for your request.
A.Avoid taking work-related calls.
B.It will take some time and need practice.
C.Have your personal social circles help you with your work.
D.Set boundaries for both your work and personal social circles.
E.You can set aside certain times that are specifically for learning new skills.
F.But they may be more willing to let you work on a new schedule if you list
some necessary reasons.
G.Having a physical boundary between your work life and your home life can
help enhance a healthy work-life balance.
√
Most jobs won’t give you a new schedule for no reason. 5
前文讲述了如果你不能保持工作和生活之间的平衡，可以给出一些理由和老板商谈。大多数工作不会无缘无故地给你安排新时间表。F 项“但如果你列出一些必要的理由，他们可能更愿意让你按新的时间表工作”与前文构成转折关系，符合语境。故选F。
解析
Every early morning in Southwest China’s Chongqing，there is a common scene at the city’s Rail Transit Line 4：A group of farmers 1.____________(shoulder) vegetables for sale are busy riding on the subway to downtown.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了重庆为了方便农民而开设的“背篓专线”。
Ⅳ.语法填空
shouldering
考查非谓语动词。此处shoulder与farmers构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填shouldering。
解析
Nicknamed “packbasket special line”，the second phase of the subway line，connecting Shichuan town to the city center，has 2.____ total length of 32.8 kilometers and 15 stations.It 3.____________________________
(provide) local farmers near the town with a wider channel for selling their produce since its opening in 2022.
a
has provided/has been providing
2.考查冠词。短语a total length of表示“全长”，total是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
3.考查时态和主谓一致。根据后文since its opening in 2022可知用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，主语为It，助动词用has。故填has provided/has been providing。
解析
Every morning around 6 o’clock，the entrance and exit of the Shichuan Town station of the line 4.____________(pack) with these special commuters(上下班往返的人) 5._______ baskets are filled with fresh seasonal vegetables.
4.考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。the entrance and exit与pack之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；根据Every morning around 6 o’clock可知时态用一般现在时；主语为复数，be动词用are。短语be packed with表示“挤满”。故填are packed。
5.考查定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词commuters，baskets与先行词之间为所属关系，关系代词在从句中作定语，应用whose。故填whose。
解析
are packed
whose
It took them more than one hour to reach the city before the opening of the line as they had to take several buses.Now，by taking the subway，they can get there in less than 30 minutes 6.__________ any difficulty.The opening of this subway line not only saves money for the farmers but also time，bringing great 7.____________(convenient) to them.
6.考查介词。短语without any difficulty表示“毫不费力地”，符合句意。故填without。
7.考查名词。作动词的宾语，应用名词convenience，不可数。故填convenience。
解析
without
convenience
8.____________(facilitate) the farmers，the station，which was supposed to open at 6：15，now opens five minutes 9._______(early) every day.
8.考查非谓语动词。此处facilitate作目的状语，应用不定式，首字母大写。故填To facilitate。
9.考查比较级。根据上文“which was supposed to open at 6：15，now opens five minutes”可知，此处表示提前五分钟，应用比较级。故填earlier。
解析
To facilitate
earlier
The staff members at the station also assist as much as possible：guiding them to 10.__________(efficient) enter the station in order and to use the elevators，and helping them with the baskets.
考查副词。修饰动词enter应用副词efficiently作状语，故填efficiently。
解析
efficiently
返 回
本课结束Section Ⅳ　Lesson 3
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A．How to learn actively.
B．How to keep up with the times.
C．How to be your own boss.
D．How to change your attitude to modern career.
答案　C
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1．What’s the function of the first paragraph
A．To show what jobs people did in the past.
B．To introduce some new jobs.
C．To explain the cause of a job trend.
D．To bring in the topic.
2．What does “look beyond the little box”(Line 22) mean
A．Consider something in a new way.
B．Leave your present job.
C．Look at the other side of a box.
D．Try one’s fortune.
3．Why is planning to work in the same field impractical anymore
A．Because of people’s lack of patience with work.
B．Because of the development of technology.
C．Because people have no working skills.
D．Because people hope for the best.
4．What can we infer from para.4
A．It is possible that you will be replaced by robots in your job.
B．Your present job will surely disappear in ten years.
C．If you don’t study，you might be out of work in the future.
D．You’d better begin to learn after you leave one job.
5．Why does the writer think the “new boss” is “you”？
A．You can hire yourself.
B．You can be master of yourself.
C．Only you can change your attitude towards jobs.
D．Only you can decide what you can do and how well you can do it.
答案　1.D　2.A　3.B　4.C　5.D
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
Up until 1.the 1980s，people in many countries regularly followed in their parents’ footsteps by working in the family business or joining the same profession as them.However，most people now have no 2.intention(intend) of following in their parents’ footsteps or even staying at one job 3.for very long.
In fact，planning to work in the same field or industry for your entire working life just isn’t practical anymore.One reason for this 4.is(be) technology.Jobs and occupations come and go at an 5.amazing(amaze) pace these days.You may have to go back to the classroom and 6.be retrained(retrain) in order to be qualified 7.to work(work) in another field.It is 8.entirely(entire) your choice to learn，or to be forced to learn.In short，if you want to succeed in a 21st century career，you will have to develop new essential 9.skills(skill)．The truth is that you are the boss of your career，and it is up to you to decide 10.what you can do and how well you can do it.
relevant adj.有关的，切题的(relevance n．关联，切题 irrelevant adj.不相关的 relevantly adv.相关地)
be relevant to与……相关
[拓展]　“和……有关”还可以用be related to和 be associated with 来表达。
(1)What he said has no direct relevance(relevant) to the matter we are discussing at present.
[写作佳句]
(2)(应用文写作之建议信)在上一封邮件中，你询问到中国朋友家做客的事情。现在，我写信告诉你一些相关的细节。
In your last email，you asked me about being a guest to a Chinese friend’s home.Now，I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.
occupation n．职业；占领 (occupy vt.占据；占用；使忙于 occupied adj.忙于；被占领的)
·occupy oneself with sth/(in) doing sth忙于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事
·be occupied (in) doing sth忙于做某事
be occupied in/with sth忙于某事
keep sb/oneself occupied使某人/自己忙碌
(1)Teaching occupies almost all her life.Sometimes，she is so occupied in working that she has no time for relaxation.With education occupying her mind，she cares less what is not related to her occupation.(occupy)
[写作佳句]
(2)她全身心投入工作，所以她没有时间休假。
①She is fully occupied with her work，so she spares no time for a holiday.
②She is so fully occupied with her work that she spares no time for a holiday.(结果状语从句)
③Fully occupied with her work，she spares no time for a holiday.(分词短语作状语)
(3)(应用文写作之申请信)在我的业余时间，我一直忙于练习我的英语口语，所以我英语说得很流利。
In my spare time，I have been occupied in practising my oral English so I speak English fluently.
qualify vt.& vi.(使)有资格，有权利；取得资格，达到标准[qualification n．资格 qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等) disqualification n．不合格；取消资格]
·qualify (sb) for sth 使(某人)合格；使(某人)具备资格
qualify sb to do...使某人有资格做……
qualify (sth) as sth 使(某物)符合/配得上某称号/名称等
·be qualified for sth具备……的资格；能胜任……
be qualified to do sth有资格做某事
·have the qualification for/to do 有……的资格
(1)He has relevant qualifications to qualify himself to be a teacher and hence，he is well qualified to be your teaching assistant.(qualify)
(2)Previous teaching experience qualifies you to drive(drive) heavy vehicles.
[写作佳句]
(3)(应用文写作之邀请信)毫无疑问，你相当有资格和经验来表达你的想法，因为你有聪明的头脑。
There is no doubt that you are quite qualified and experienced in presenting your ideas，because of your brilliant mind.
(4)(应用文写作之申请信)善于创新且可靠，我的确相信我完全符合志愿者工作的条件。
Innovative and reliable，I do believe I’m perfectly qualified for the job as a volunteer.
likelihood n．可能，可能性(likely adj.可能的；有……倾向的 unlikely adj.不大可能的)
be likely/unlikely to do有/没有可能做……
It is likely/unlikely that...……是有/没有可能的。
(1)Stop daydreaming.There is no likelihood(likely) that we will win the lottery.
(2)The workshop，led by a renowned specialist，is likely to provide(provide) practical skills for the participants.
[写作佳句]
(3)通过保护这些历史遗迹，我们的孩子更有可能为我们的文化感到自豪。
By protecting these historical sites，our children are more likely to take pride in our culture.
祈使句＋and＋陈述句
Keep doing this，and you can become an expert or a specialist in something one day.(P15，Para.3)
持之以恒，这样有一天你才会成为某个行业的专家或专业人士。
本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。该句型中的祈使句有时也可用条件状语从句或非谓语动词改写。另外还有两种常见形式：
(1)祈使句＋or＋陈述句＝If...not...，＋主句(or表示“否则；要不然的话”，or可用or else或otherwise替换)
(2)名词短语＋and＋陈述句(名词短语中通常含有more，another，further，earlier等词)
(1)Try some of this juice that the chef recommends，and perhaps you’ll like it.
(2)Study hard or you’ll regret not doing so in the future.
[写作佳句]
(3)坚持你的梦想，那么总有一天你会成功的。
①Hold on to your dream，and you’re sure to succeed some day.
②If you hold on to your dream，you’re sure to succeed some day.
③Holding on to your dream，you’re sure to succeed some day.
it is up to sb to do sth由某人决定做某事
The truth is that you are the boss of your career，and it is up to you to decide what you can do and how well you can do it.(P15，Para.5)
实际上，你才是自己职业生涯的老板，也只有你才能决定自己能做什么、能做多好。
结构分析：此句是并列复合句。第一个and连接两个并列分句。第一个分句中，that引导表语从句，而and之后的分句中，it为形式主语，真正的主语是to decide...；decide之后为and连接的并列的宾语从句。
up to now直到现在(常与现在完成时连用)
up to sth至多有；多达……
be up to (doing) sth能胜任(做)某事；从事/忙于(做)某事
(1)It’s up to you to decide(decide) whether to be a lawyer or a physician.
(2)Up to now，we have made(make) significant progress in our project.
[写作佳句]
(3)聪明又勤奋，她能胜任这份工作，并且应得到一份稳定的工资。
Intelligent and reliable，she is up to the job and deserves a secure salary.
训练4　Lesson 3
[分值：77.5分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．As a professional(profession) lawyer，the brilliant girl is at the very top of her profession.
2．At 60，the impressive librarian is now approaching retirement(retire)．
3．When writing your composition，make sure to keep your views closely relevant to the topic.
4．It is hoped that these specialists(specialize) can come up with new ways to solve the problem.
5．The physician is always occupied with his occupation(occupy)．
6．What is well known to us all is that experience is essential for this job.
7．He was qualified for the job and no one questioned his competence as a dentist.
8．Controlled by anxiety，you will feel a lack of security(secure) and confidence.
9．I’m not sure what you are confused about，but I’ll try to find out.
10．In this job，experience counts for more than paper qualifications(qualify)．
Ⅱ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)(满分15分)
1．汤姆一直在学校科学俱乐部从事项目工作。(occupy)
Tom has been occupied in doing projects in the school’s science club.
2．他的努力使他有能力担任领导角色。(qualify)
His hard work has qualified him for the leadership role.
3．如何领导俱乐部是由汤姆决定的，他的选择将极大地影响俱乐部的方向。(up to)
It’s up to Tom to decide how to lead the club，and his choices will greatly influence its direction.
4．俱乐部的未来成功无疑将由他关注的重点来决定。(what 引导的宾语从句)
The club’s future success will undoubtedly be determined by what he focuses on.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Tom has been occupied in doing projects in the school’s science club for a few months，devoting countless hours to his passion.So his relentless hard work has qualified him for the leadership role.It is believed that it’s up to him to decide how to lead the club，and his choices will greatly influence its direction.In a word，the club’s future success will undoubtedly be determined by what he focuses on.Now，Tom is ready to embrace this challenge and lead the club to new heights of achievement.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Have you ever conducted a job interview through video？Do you work remotely and mostly communicate with your colleagues through technologies like Microsoft Teams or Slack？Technologies are rapidly changing how，when，and where we work.But what impact do they have on our work motivation？We recently reviewed the research done to answer this question and unfortunately，the news is not so good.
For the most part，technologies have worsened the satisfaction of our psychological needs when we work.They are robbing us of our feelings of control and freedom because they monitor us and tell us what and how to do our work；sometimes they also pressure us to work faster.And they are decreasing our chances to create meaningful relationships with colleagues.
To fix and avoid these issues in the future，we have concluded from this review that we need to advocate for the use of psychological knowledge when designing technologies to be used in work environments.Psychologists are well equipped to advise how to design and use technologies in ways that will maintain or even improve the design of our work.
Work is considered to be well-designed when it gives us some decision-making power，provides us with performance feedback，and allows us to connect with colleagues not only to increase relatedness but also to see the impact our work has on stakeholders(利益相关者)．Good work design makes our work more meaningful.
Why is this important？Because work motivation that stems from meaning and enjoyment will be increasingly important in the future of work.Indeed，as work environments and career tracks become more dynamic and precarious，we need workers to be more active and flexible for the changeable situation.And motivation through meaning and enjoyment makes people more active and flexible.
So，when you hear your employer wants to introduce new technologies in your workplace，ask them if they have used the service of psychology experts.It will ensure your work keeps being designed in a way that will make it meaningful and enjoyable.
语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了在工作设计中综合考虑技术因素和人的心理因素的必要性。
1．According to the recent research review，how do technologies affect our work
A．They decrease our working efficiency.
B．They increase our psychological needs.
C．They improve our relationships with colleagues.
D．They reduce our work motivation for creativity.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“For the most part，technologies have worsened the satisfaction of our psychological needs when we work...they monitor us and tell us what and how to do our work；sometimes they also pressure us to work faster.”可知，技术降低了我们创造性的工作动机。故选D项。
2．What does the author suggest for introducing technologies in work
A．Updating technical equipment.
B．Reviewing the former research.
C．Consulting psychology experts.
D．Improving the design of our work.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“To fix and avoid these issues in the future，we have concluded from this review that we need to advocate for the use of psychological knowledge when designing technologies to be used in work environments.”可知，对于在工作中引入技术，作者的建议是要咨询心理学专家。故选C项。
3．What does the underlined word “precarious” mean in paragraph 5
A．Uncertain. B．Unavoidable.
C．Rewarding. D．Straightforward.
答案　A
解析　词义猜测题。画线词后文提到我们需要工人更加积极和灵活地应对多变的情况，由此可推断，此处表达“随着工作环境和职业轨迹变得更加动态和不确定”，precarious意为“不确定的”，故选A项。
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Is Technology Killing Your Work Motivation
B．What the Employers Can Do in the Workplace
C．A New Review Gives Insights on Psychology
D．The Future of Work Environments and Career Tracks
答案　A
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，文章开头提到技术对工作动机的负面影响，然后建议在工作设计中考虑心理学因素并解释了原因，最后总结强调在引入新技术时考虑心理学专家的意见以确保工作的意义和乐趣，从而保持工作动机。因此，A项“Is Technology Killing Your Work Motivation？(技术正在削弱你的工作动力？)”概括了文章探讨的主要问题，故选A项。
B
Scientists are working on new technology that may aid art historians in answering the question：Masterpiece or masterful imitation(仿制品)
Art historians are often asked to authenticate(鉴定) art with their knowledge of the subject and science and technology.The materials used in the painting are often analyzed and X-rayed.Now，art historians may have another technological tool to help their process.Scientists have developed a new authentication technique that analyzes and sorts out paintings based on a digital analysis of the artist’s style.
The digital authentication technique takes scans of artwork that have already been authenticated as being from a master artist.From these scans，it creates a statistical model of the artist’s work：a baseline.New paintings can be compared to the baseline to find consistencies and inconsistencies in an artist’s work.The images of the two paintings reveal what the human eye could not see.When the analysis recognizes this difference，the fakes are found out.In an experiment，the model automatically grouped together the eight authenticated works，separating them from five imitations.
However，some art historians held some different views on the new technique.“It’s an interesting idea.But I think a much larger sample of work has to be tested，” said Nadine Oberstein，head of an art museum in New York.If the technology turns out to be accurate，she added，it could be used to add to the expertise of scholars.
Most importantly，Hany Farid，a computer scientist behind the new technique，says，“Such a method could be used to determine whether more than one person or hand was involved in creating a painting.”Using his model，Farid studied the faces of six individual characters in the painting Madonna with Child.Three of the faces proved to be statistically similar，while the three other faces were all different.This indicates that at least four hands contributed to the painting.“If further studies prove convincingly that this computer program effectively distinguishes between different artistic hands，it will lead to a whole new era in the study of the workshop practice of artists，” said Farid.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍帮助艺术史学家鉴定画作真伪的数字技术。
5．Why are scientists developing the new technique
A．To create digital copies of famous paintings.
B．To improve the process of art authentication.
C．To make displays more interactive for visitors.
D．To replace art historians in authenticating works.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Now，art historians may have another technological tool to help their process.Scientists have developed a new authentication technique...the artist’s style.”可知，科学家们研发新技术来改进艺术品鉴定的过程。故选B。
6．How does the digital authentication technique work
A．By analyzing materials.
B．By identifying style patterns.
C．By X-raying a baseline.
D．By comparing to a statistical model.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“The digital authentication technique takes...fakes are found out.”可知，数字鉴定技术通过扫描真迹来建立一个统计模型，即基准，然后将待鉴定的作品与基准进行比较来识别赝品。故选D。
7．What is Nadine’s attitude towards the new technique
A．Enthusiastic. B．Indifferent.
C．Doubtful. D．Optimistic.
答案　C
解析　观点态度题。根据第四段中“It’s an interesting idea.But I think a much larger sample of work has to be tested”可推知，Nadine认为需要测试更多作品样本来验证新技术，因此她对新技术持怀疑态度。故选C。
8．What can the new technique tell about a painting
A．The painter of the masterpiece.
B．The materials used in the painting.
C．The time period in which the painting was created.
D．The number of painters involved in creating the painting.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Such a method could be used to determine whether more than one person or hand was involved in creating a painting.”可知，这种方法可以用来确定是否有不止一个人或一只手参与了一幅画的创作。因此，新技术可以确定参与创作的人数，故选D。
Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Living a balanced life can help you be happier.Finding balance is an art and there’s no correct balance that will work for everyone. 1 However，finding the right balance for you can help you make the most out of life.
Reduce the amount of work you do at home whenever possible. 2 Try to keep your job，including your work computer，documents，and anything else from your office，away from your personal living space.If you work from home，set up distinct work and home spaces.Try to unplug technology when you are home from work. 3 Spend time doing activities off the computer，like crafting or cooking.
4 Even if you have a flexible schedule，it’s important to communicate when you are and aren’t available to handle work-related issues.Let your boss and co-workers know if you cannot or will not respond to a 3 a．m.text asking for a report by 6 a．m.Your personal social circles should have a similar boundary(界限) during your workday.Let them know that between 8 a．m.and 5 p．m.，your first duty is your job.Catch up with them during a break or during your lunch if you want to chat during the workday.
Talk to your office about renegotiating your work duties if necessary.If you find your job makes it difficult to have the work-life balance，talk to your boss about new terms.You don’t need to provide a lot of detail，but be prepared to provide some context for your request.Most jobs won’t give you a new schedule for no reason. 5
A．Avoid taking work-related calls.
B．It will take some time and need practice.
C．Have your personal social circles help you with your work.
D．Set boundaries for both your work and personal social circles.
E．You can set aside certain times that are specifically for learning new skills.
F．But they may be more willing to let you work on a new schedule if you list some necessary reasons.
G．Having a physical boundary between your work life and your home life can help enhance a healthy work-life balance.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何保持工作和生活平衡的一些建议。
1．答案　B
解析　根据空前“Finding balance is an art and there’s no correct balance that will work for everyone.”和空后“However，finding the right balance for you can help you make the most out of life.”可知，找到正确的平衡不容易，但是找到适合你的平衡可以帮助你最大限度地利用生活。由此可知，前后语义为转折关系，此处也是讲述找到正确的平衡不容易，B项“寻找平衡需要时间和练习”符合语境。故选B。
2．答案　G
解析　根据空前“Reduce the amount of work you do at home whenever possible.”和空后“Try to keep your job...away from your personal living space.”可知，本段讲述要保持工作和家庭之间的平衡。G项“在你的工作生活和家庭生活之间有一个物理的界限可以帮助提高健康的工作与生活的平衡”符合语境。故选G。
3．答案　A
解析　根据空前“Try to unplug technology when you are home from work.”和空后“Spend time doing activities off the computer，like crafting or cooking.”可知，此处讲述了保持工作和家庭之间的平衡的具体做法。由此可知，A项“避免接与工作有关的电话”符合语境。故选A。
4．答案　D
解析　本空为段落主旨句，根据段中举的例子“Let your boss and co-workers know...is your job.”可知，本段介绍要为你的工作和个人社交圈设定界限。由此可知，D项“为你的工作和个人社交圈设定界限”符合语境。故选D。
5．答案　F
解析　前文讲述了如果你不能保持工作和生活之间的平衡，可以给出一些理由和老板商谈。大多数工作不会无缘无故地给你安排新时间表。F 项“但如果你列出一些必要的理由，他们可能更愿意让你按新的时间表工作”与前文构成转折关系，符合语境。故选F。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Every early morning in Southwest China’s Chongqing，there is a common scene at the city’s Rail Transit Line 4：A group of farmers 1.____________(shoulder) vegetables for sale are busy riding on the subway to downtown.
Nicknamed “packbasket special line”，the second phase of the subway line，connecting Shichuan town to the city center，has 2.____________ total length of 32.8 kilometers and 15 stations.It 3.____________(provide) local farmers near the town with a wider channel for selling their produce since its opening in 2022.
Every morning around 6 o’clock，the entrance and exit of the Shichuan Town station of the line 4.____________(pack) with these special commuters(上下班往返的人) 5.____________ baskets are filled with fresh seasonal vegetables.It took them more than one hour to reach the city before the opening of the line as they had to take several buses.Now，by taking the subway，they can get there in less than 30 minutes 6.____________ any difficulty.The opening of this subway line not only saves money for the farmers but also time，bringing great 7.____________(convenient) to them.
8．____________(facilitate) the farmers，the station，which was supposed to open at 6：15，now opens five minutes 9.____________(early) every day.The staff members at the station also assist as much as possible：guiding them to 10.____________(efficient) enter the station in order and to use the elevators，and helping them with the baskets.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了重庆为了方便农民而开设的“背篓专线”。
1．答案　shouldering
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处shoulder与farmers构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填shouldering。
2．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。短语a total length of表示“全长”，total是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
3．答案　has provided/has been providing
解析　考查时态和主谓一致。根据后文since its opening in 2022可知用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，主语为It，助动词用has。故填has provided/has been providing。
4．答案　are packed
解析　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。the entrance and exit与pack之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；根据Every morning around 6 o’clock可知时态用一般现在时；主语为复数，be动词用are。短语be packed with表示“挤满”。故填are packed。
5．答案　whose
解析　考查定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词commuters，baskets与先行词之间为所属关系，关系代词在从句中作定语，应用whose。故填whose。
6．答案　without
解析　考查介词。短语without any difficulty表示“毫不费力地”，符合句意。故填without。
7．答案　convenience
解析　考查名词。作动词的宾语，应用名词convenience，不可数。故填convenience。
8．答案　To facilitate
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处facilitate作目的状语，应用不定式，首字母大写。故填To facilitate。
9．答案　earlier
解析　考查比较级。根据上文“which was supposed to open at 6：15，now opens five minutes”可知，此处表示提前五分钟，应用比较级。故填earlier。
10．答案　efficiently
解析　考查副词。修饰动词enter应用副词efficiently作状语，故填efficiently。

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