资源简介

(共90张PPT)
LITERATURE
UNIT 8
Section Ⅱ
Lesson 1
内容索引
Part 1　课文深度理解
Part 2　长句难句分析
Part 3　语言知识梳理
Part 4　语法项目精讲
训练2
课文深度理解
Ⅰ.明文章大意
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
What is the main idea of the passage
A.The last ivy leaf on the wall.
B.Mr Behrman—a failed painter.
C.A story about a kind of severe disease.
D.A beautiful and sorrowful story with a surprising ending.
√
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Johnsy
November
ill
leaves
fell
painted
1.What’s the purpose of the first paragraph
A.To describe a place.
B.To introduce the topic.
C.To describe a scene of life.
D.To introduce the background of the story.
√
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
2.What can we learn from paragraph 3
A.People put their hopes on Johnsy.
B.The chance of Johnsy’s survival was slim.
C.Johnsy needed to think about her future more.
D.People should encourage Johnsy to stick to her dream.
√
3.Why did Johnsy change her attitude
A.The doctor told her something cheerful.
B.Behrman persuaded her to give up her stupid idea.
C.Sue encouraged her to be brave and she was moved.
D.She was encouraged by the brave leaf and realised that it was wrong of
her to want to die.
√
4.Which of the following can best describe Sue
A.Careless，mean and selfish.
B.Kind，determined and brave.
C.Considerate，kind and patient.
D.Pessimistic，bad-tempered and impatient.
√
5.How is the story developed
A.By following time order.
B.By following space order.
C.By following logical order.
D.By following the changes of feelings.
√
Sue and Johnsy were friends and they had their studio at the top of a three-story building.
Unfortunately，Johnsy 1. (suffer) from pneumonia and lay on the bed，staring out the window and 2. (count) backwards：“Ten，nine，eight，seven...” She said weakly she must go when 3. last leaf fell.The doctor told Sue to encourage her to think 4._______________
(hopeful) thoughts，about the future，about living.At the same time，
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
suffered
counting
the
more hopeful
Sue went to fetch Mr Behrman 5. was a failed painter to be a model for her drawing.When Sue told him about Johnsy’s longing to slip away like the 6. (leaf)，the old man decided something must 7.___
(do) to keep Johnsy hopeful，especially when he saw a cold rain was falling,8. (mix) with snow.The next morning there was still one leaf on the ivy vine.After another terrible night，it was still there.Then Johnsy saw the power of life and wanted to live.9. the help of the doctor and Sue，Johnsy was out of danger 10. (gradual).However，Mr Behrman died after painting a leaf that would never fall that cold rainy night.The leaf drawn by him was an actual masterpiece.
返 回
who/that
leaves
be
done
mixed
With
gradually
长句难句分析
1.Greenwich Village is place where the art people came together，hunting for apartments north-facing windows and low rents.(P30，Para.1)
结构分析：此句是 句。其中where引导 从句；hunting for...为现在分词短语作 ，和从句主语the art people构成 关系。
a
with
复合
定语
汉语翻译： ____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
格林威治村是个艺术人士聚集的地方，他们在那里寻找窗户朝北且租金低廉的公寓。
状语
主动
2.In November，a cold，unseen stranger，whom the doctors called Pneumonia，arrived Greenwich Village.(P30，Para.2)
结构分析：此句是 句。其中whom引导 从句。
in
复合
非限制性定语
汉语翻译： ____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
十一月的时候，一个冷酷无情、肉眼看不见、医生称之为“肺炎”的不速之客，来到了格林威治村。
3.Mr Pneumonia placed his (ice) finger on Johnsy；and she (lie)，barely moving，in her bed staring at a blank wall under her blanket.(P30，Para.2)
结构分析：此句是 句。barely moving和staring at a blank wall为现在分词短语作 ，和分句主语she构成 关系。
icy
lay
并列
状语
汉语翻译： ____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
“肺炎先生”把他冰冷的手指放在约翰西身上，于是她躺在床上，几乎不动，盖着毯子，眼睛盯着一堵空墙。
主动
4.Behrman and Sue looked the window the vine and noticed that there (be) just one remaining leaf.(P31，Para.8)
结构分析：此句是 句。其中looked和noticed为并列 ；that引导 从句；remaining意为“ ”，和被修饰词leaf构成_______
关系。
out
at
was
复合
汉语翻译： ____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
伯曼和苏望着窗外的藤蔓，发现藤枝上只剩下最后一片叶子了。
谓语
宾语
剩下的
主动
5.One leaf remained on the vine， (brave) holding on in the wind and rain.(P31，Para.9)
结构分析：此句是 句。现在分词短语holding on in the wind and rain作 。
bravely
简单
伴随状语
汉语翻译： ____________________________________________________
藤上还留着一片叶子，在风雨中勇敢地撑着。
返 回
语言知识梳理
vi.凝视；盯着看
1
stare
stare at盯着，凝视
glare at怒视
catch a glimpse of瞥见；扫一眼
gaze at凝视；注视
选用上述短语填空
I (1) the blank test paper，with my hands pulling the hair，totally at a loss.Suddenly，I (2) the answers of the student sitting next to me.At that time，I found my teacher (3)_________
me in disbelief.Embarrassed，I looked down.Cheating wasn’t the answer.I had to rely on myself.With a sigh，I focused on the questions，determined to do my best.
stared/gazed at
caught a glimpse of
glaring at
change one’s mind改变主意
have...in mind心中有……
keep/bear in mind that记住……
come/spring to mind突然想起
(1)The architect has made up his mind (design) a building that people with disability can access easily.
to design
2
make up one’s mind (to do)
下定决心(去做)
(2)怀特先生值得我们尊敬，因为他不仅教得很好，而且还把我们的需要放在心上。
Mr White deserves our respect because not only does he teach well but also .
(3)(话题写作之传统文化)李白和杜甫是人们在谈论中国诗歌时首先想到的名字。
Li Bai and Du Fu are the names when people talk about Chinese poetry.
写作佳句
he has all our needs in mind
that spring/come to mind
The janitor found him lying in bed helplessly with pain yesterday morning.(P31，Para.13)
昨天早晨，看门人发现他无助地躺在床上，极度痛苦。
结构分析：此句为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补lying与宾语him之间为主谓关系。
3
find＋宾语＋宾补
“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，作宾补的可以是名词、形容词、副词、分词、介词短语等。
注意：如果宾语是不定式或从句时，常用it充当形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到后面。
(1)I found his lecture about artificial intelligence really (absorb).
(2)When he arrived at the supermarket，he found his credit card ______
(lose).
(3)When the fellow came to himself，he found himself (lie) in hospital.
absorbing
lost
lying
(4)这对双胞胎发现做一顿满意的早餐很难。
_______________________________________________________
写作佳句
返 回
The twins found it difficult to make a satisfactory breakfast.
语法项目精讲
认真阅读下列语段，找出动作动词和状态动词
On a sunny day，I walked through the park，seeing children playing and ducks swimming.I sat on a bench，watching the scene.The trees stood tall，rustling in the breeze.Later，I explored the trails，listening to birds.As the sun set，I left，remembering the peaceful atmosphere.It was a day that I would cherish forever.
1.动作动词： ___________________________________________________
__________________
2.状态动词：___________________________________________________
情境导读
walked，playing，swimming，sat，watching，explored，listening，set，left
seeing，stood，rustling，remembering，was，cherish
语法总览
动作动词和状态动词
英语中动词可分为两类：动作动词(Activity verbs)和状态动词(State verbs)。动作动词描述动作，可用于一般时态和进行时态；状态动词描述状态，一般不用于进行时态。
语法精讲
一、动作动词
动作动词是表示运动状态的动词。根据词汇意义又可分为三类：
动作动词种类 举例 用法
表示持续动作的动词 如eat，listen，read，run，walk，work，write等。 这类动词既可用于进行时，也可用于非进行时，但意义略有不同。
动作动词种类 举例 用法
表示短暂动作的动词 如hit，jump，knock，nod，tap等。 这类动词可用一般时态表示具体的一次动作，通常不用于进行时。如果用于进行时的话，那就表示短暂动作的多次重复。
表示改变或移动的动词 如arrive，come，get，go，grow，leave，reach，turn等。 这类动词既可用于非进行时，也可用于进行时。但是用于进行时的时候常表示将来时的概念。
The salesman works in a department store and he has been working there for a long time.
这名推销员在一家百货商店工作，他已经在那里工作了很长时间了。
Hearing someone shouting for help，the young man jumped into the river at once.听到有人大声求救，那个年轻人立即跳进了河里。
The train leaves at nine.火车9点出发。
二、状态动词
状态动词又叫静态动词，用来描述状态。根据词汇意义，状态动词又可分为四类：
1.动词be和have(有)。
I am a photographer and I have many books about photography.
我是一名摄影师，我有很多关于摄影的书。
2.动词belong，contain，own，include，possess等。
The architect owns 3 houses，but the house at the foot of the mountain doesn’t belong to him.这名建筑师有三栋房子，但山脚下的这栋不属于他。
The novel contains 120 chapters，which include 40 chapters written by Gao E.这部小说有120章，其中有40章是由高鹗写的。
3.感官动词，如hear，see，feel，taste，smell等。
Spring has come.I see her colors；I hear her breath；I can feel her warmth；I can smell her fragrance.春天来了。我看到了她的颜色；我听到了她的呼吸；我能感受到她的温暖；我能闻到她的芳香。
4.表示心理或情感状态的动词，如believe，consider，expect，forget，hate，hope，imagine，know，like，love，mean，prefer，regret，remember等。
Most students prefer popular music to folk music，because they consider folk music old-fashioned and less stimulating.
大多数学生更喜欢流行音乐而不是民间音乐，因为他们认为民间音乐过时且缺乏刺激性。
注意：状态动词与动作动词的区别：
1.动作动词可用于进行时态，而状态动词一般不可以。这是这两种动词最基本的区别。
Mary is writing her composition.玛丽正在写作文。
The food tastes good.这种食物尝起来不错。
2.有些动作动词表示的是短暂性的动作，没有持续性，即“一发生就结束”的动作。这类动词一般称为“非延续性动词”或“终止性动词”，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的这类动词有go，come，leave，arrive，lose，land，catch，join，kill，find，occur，happen，take part in等。
He has arrived in Shanghai for two weeks.(误)
He has been in Shanghai for two weeks.(正)
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.I looked around and finally (spot) David，who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence.
2.It (build) originally to protect the city during the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复).
3.We (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
4.You can’t help wondering how hard it (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
达标检测
spotted
was built
hired
was
5.Mary’s niece wrote，“The little home (paint) white.It was sweet and fresh.”
6.After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861，they rented the house and (sell)most of their furniture.
7.And，as more children were born，more food (need).
8.New methods (mean) that fewer people worked in farming.
was painted
sold
was needed
meant
Ⅱ.阅读下面一段对话，用所给动词的一般现在时或现在进行时填空
Reporter：Do you 1. (like) your job
Guide：Oh，yes.I 2. (love) it.I 3. (enjoy) meeting new people and travelling a lot.
Reporter：What do you 4. (think) about the tourists who 5.______
(come) to Xizang
Guide：Most of them already 6. (know) a lot about mountains and 7. (want) to see as much as possible.Right now，I 8._____________
(work) for a group of Austrian hikers who have all been here before.
like
love
enjoy
think
come
know
want
am working
They 9. (understand) all about hiking and I’m sure they
10. (enjoy) themselves.That’s great because it 11. (mean) that the hike is good fun for me too.
Reporter：How do the tourists 12. (differ) from local people
Guide：Well，most of them 13. (smell) funny，not like us.Really！They 14. (eat) different food and 15. (dress) differently.My Austrians，for example,16. (drink) coffee for breakfast—it 17._______
(taste) bitter to me，but they 18. (like) it!
understand
are enjoying
means
differ
smell
eat
dress
drink
tastes
like
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.电影已经开始了，已经演了半小时了。
_______________________________________________________________ 2.谁正在操场上打篮球？
_______________________________________________________________ 3.这座城市位于海岸边。
_______________________________________________________________ 4.昨天他给朋友写了一封电子邮件。
_______________________________________________________________
The film has begun and has been on for half an hour.
Who is playing basketball on the playground
The city lies on the coast.
Yesterday he wrote an email to his friend.
5.他现在住的那座房子属于我父亲。
_______________________________________________________________ 6.在我的城市，你可以品尝到多种美味的食物。
_______________________________________________________________ 7.知道你对中国历史感兴趣，我感到骄傲。
_______________________________________________________________ 8.我有一把很棒的扶手椅，现在我正在里面休息。
_______________________________________________________________
返 回
The house that/which he is living in belongs to my father.
In my city you can taste many kinds of delicious food.
I feel proud to know you are interested in Chinese history.
I have a wonderful armchair and I am now having a rest in it.
训练2
1.He has made up his mind (overcome) his shortcomings.
2.He stared the ball that moved forwards and backwards，lost in thought.
3.The boy lowered his head uneasily when he met his mother’s (ice) gaze.
4.Some workers went on strike in an attempt (get) their salary improved.
5.The assistant hurried back to the company，only to find the door _______
(close).
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
to overcome
at
icy
to get
closed
6.Tom was sent (fetch) what he needed for the chemical experiment.
7.A great number of college graduates crowded into big cities to hunt _____ occupations.
8.I screamed out loud，jumping all over the room disbelief.
to fetch
for
in/with
1.我报名参加了一场英语戏剧比赛，以丰富我的学校生活并挑战自我。(in an attempt to)
I have signed up for an English drama contest _______________________
.
2.这是我第一次参加这样一项活动。(This is the first time that sb have/has done)
such an activity.
3.我已经向学校戏剧协会提交了剧本。(submit...to...)
to the school Drama Association.
Ⅱ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)
in an attempt to enrich my school life and challenge myself
This is the first time that I have taken part in
I have submitted the script
4.然而，当别人盯着我看时，我往往会很紧张。(stare at)
However，I tend to be nervous .
5.我发现这个比赛对我来说真的很有挑战性。你能给我一些建议吗？(find＋宾语＋宾补)
.Can you give me some advice
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
when others are staring at me
I find the contest really challenging for me
I have signed up for an English drama contest in an attempt to enrich my school life and challenge myself.This is the first time that I have taken part in such an activity，and I am both excited and nervous about the upcoming performance.I have submitted the script to the school Drama Association.However，I tend to get nervous when others are staring at me.I fear that I might forget my lines or make a mistake on stage，which could embarrass me in front of everyone.I find the contest really challenging for me.Can you give me some advice
参考范文
A
Today，open book-review pages，and you are more likely to see writers describing each other and their work with such words as “brilliant” and “insightful” rather than，as they once did，“tiresome”.An editor for BuzzFeed，a news site，even announced that its books section would not do negative book reviews at all.This was wonderful news for writers everywhere.It was not such good news for readers.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今书评很少提出尖锐的批评的现象，分析了这一现象背后的原因。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
The best bad reviews are scalpel(手术刀) jobs，observes the British critic Adam Mars-Jones，“because if it’s not precise，it’s not going to work”.One of the finest was used by George Eliot on Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre.“I wish，” Eliot wrote，“the characters would talk a little less like the heroes and heroines of police reports.” Modern reviewers rarely achieve such deadly beauty.All too often reviews are full of filler words：“darkly funny”，“deep thinking”.Many of these imply the word “boring”，which is in effect forbidden on literary pages.
The Internet is one reason for this softening.It has changed both the economics of criticism(newspapers have fewer book pages，so editors tend to fill them with the books you should read，not the ones you should not) and the advisability of it.The Internet has also helped decrease anonymity(匿名).Once，most reviews were anonymous.Today，most reviewers are not only named but easily searchable.Whereas 30 years ago，critics were “encouraged to really have a go at people”，now people are “terrified of giving public criticism”.
There have been attempts to bring back sharp criticism.In 2012 an award called the “Hatchet Job of the Year” was launched by two critics as a “mission against boredom and lazy thinking”.It ran for three years.Fleur Macdonald，one of its co-founders，thinks that “the literary scene probably needs it more than ever now”，but that it struggled to get sponsorship since “bad book reviews can cause disagreements”.
1.What is the feature of book reviews nowadays
A.They are getting brilliant.
B.They are very friendly to readers.
C.They hardly offer sharp criticism.
D.They show no respect for writers’ feelings.
√
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Today，open book-review pages，and you are more likely to see writers describing each other and their work with such words as ‘brilliant’ and ‘insightful’ rather than，as they once did，‘tiresome’.”可知，现在书评的特点是很少提出尖锐的批评。故选C。
解析
2.What does the author feel at Eliot’s review of Jane Eyre
A.Exact and effective.
B.Beautiful and talkative.
C.Thoughtful and funny.
D.Unfriendly and uncertain.
√
推理判断题。根据第二段中“The best bad reviews are scalpel(手术刀) jobs...‘because if it’s not precise，it’s not going to work’.One of the finest was used by George Eliot on Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre... Modern reviewers rarely achieve such deadly beauty.”可知，作者认为艾略特对《简·爱》的评价符合书评的标准，即准确、有效。故选A。
解析
3.How is paragraph 3 mainly developed
A.By listing figures.
B.By making comparisons.
C.By providing examples.
D.By making classifications.
√
推理判断题。根据第三段中“newspapers have fewer book pages...Once，most reviews were anonymous.Today，most reviewers are not only named...Whereas 30 years ago...，now people are...”可知，第三段主要通过比较以前和现在的情况来展开。故选B。
解析
4.What can we learn about the “Hatchet Job of the Year”？
A.It inspired many critics.
B.It became an instant hit.
C.It met with challenges.
D.It has been running for decades.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“...but that it struggled to get sponsorship since ‘bad book reviews can cause disagreements’.”可知，Hatchet Job of the Year遇到了挑战，很难获得赞助。故选C。
解析
B
Roald Hoffmann，a Nobel Prize winner in chemistry，poet and playwright(剧作家)，is a tireless advocate of the wonders of science and the beauty of chemistry.Hoffmann successfully shares his understanding of science with the public at large through literature，educational television and even the stage.Here is an article he wrote：
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了罗阿尔德·霍夫曼对于科学和诗歌的看法。
Around the time of the Industrial Revolution，science left poetry.Nature and the personal became the main playground of the poet. That’s too bad for both scientists and poets，but it leaves lots of open ground for those of us who can move between the two.If one can write poetry about being a logger(伐木工)，why not about being a scientist？It’s experience，a way of life.It’s exciting.
The language of science is a language under stress.Words are being made to describe things that seem indescribable in words—equations，chemical structures and so forth.Words do not，cannot mean all that they stand for，yet they are all we have to describe experience.By being a natural language under tension，the language of science is inherently(内在地) poetic.Emotions emerge shaped as states of matter and more interestingly，matter acts out what goes on in the soul.
One thing is certainly not true，that scientists have some greater insight into the workings of nature than poets.Interestingly，I find that many humanists deep down feel that scientists have such inner knowledge that they don’t.Perhaps we scientists do，but in such carefully circumscribed pieces of the universe！Poetry flies high，all around the tangible(有形的) in deep dark，through a world we reveal and make.
It should be said that building a career in poetry is much harder than in science.In the best chemical journal in the world，the acceptance rate for full articles is 65%，for communications 35%.In a routine literary journal，far from the best，the acceptance rate for poems is below 5%.
Writing has become increasingly important to me.I expect to publish four books for a general or literary audience in the next few years.Science will be involved，but only as a part，a vital part，of the risky project of being human.
5.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.A way of life.
B.The Industrial Revolution.
C.The main playground of the poet.
D.The separation of science from poetry.
√
代词指代题。根据画线词上文“Around the time of the Industrial Revolution...That’s too bad for both scientists and poets”以及后文“If one can write poetry about being a logger(伐木工)，why not about being a scientist？”可知，科学和诗歌分离对于科学家和诗人来说都太糟糕了，但也为可以在两者之间移动的人留下了很多开放的空间。故画线词指的是“科学与诗歌的分离”。故选D。
解析
6.What can we learn about science language
A.Humanists never use it.
B.It shows scientists’ emotions.
C.It is a special way of description.
D.Its words stand for everything.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Words are being made to describe things...
the language of science is inherently(内在地) poetic.”可知，作为一种压力下的自然语言，科学语言要描述一些看似无法被文字描述的内容，具有内在的诗意，所以是一种特殊的描述方式。故选C。
解析
7.What method does Roald Hoffmann mainly use to state his opinion
A.Comparative analysis. B.Giving examples.
C.Cause-effect analysis. D.Process explanation.
√
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Perhaps we scientists do，but...Poetry flies high...”以及第五段中“It should be said that building a career in poetry is much harder than in science.”可推知，罗阿尔德·霍夫曼主要通过比较分析科学家与诗人、科学与诗歌来阐述他的观点。故选A。
解析
8.What may be the best title for the text
A.The Life of Roald Hoffmann
B.Roald Hoffmann’s Views on Science and Poetry
C.The Difference of Nature and Art
D.The Development of Science Language
√
标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第四、五段可知，文章讲了罗阿尔德·霍夫曼对于科学和诗歌的一些看法，由此可知，B选项“罗阿尔德·霍夫曼的科学与诗歌观”可以作文章最佳标题。故选B。
解析
Some children love reading，some dislike it，and many are in between. Most children and adults are drawn to reading materials that are engaging and understandable.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些培养孩子的阅读能力的策略。
Ⅳ.七选五
A.Create literature with your child.
B.Ask your child to make up stories.
C.Compare how they are similar and how they are different.
D.Have your child read a book and then check out the video version of the book.
E.But your child will eventually have to read uninteresting or complicated materials.
F.It teaches your child to self-correct and also reduces their fear of dealing with difficult
words.
G.Consider making flashcards of these words and guessing the meanings before finding
the definition.
√
1 So building reading abilities is always a good idea.As a parent，you can help your child develop reading skills with enjoyable activities，some of which you might not have thought of as reading enrichment.Here are some easy reading strategies for parents to use at home.
上文提到大多数人喜欢有趣的、易懂的材料，结合下文“So building reading abilities is always a good idea.”可知，空处应描写培养阅读能力的理由，E项“但是你的孩子最终将不得不阅读无趣或复杂的材料。”与下文形成因果关系，承上启下，符合语境。故选E项。
解析
A.Create literature with your child.
B.Ask your child to make up stories.
C.Compare how they are similar and how they are different.
D.Have your child read a book and then check out the video version of the book.
E.But your child will eventually have to read uninteresting or complicated materials.
F.It teaches your child to self-correct and also reduces their fear of dealing with difficult
words.
G.Consider making flashcards of these words and guessing the meanings before finding
the definition.
√
2 When your child creates a story out loud or in written form，you can prompt more specific vocabulary and encourage your child to dive into descriptive details.This activity provides practice for thinking through logical sequences(顺序)and may motivate curiosity as a child looks for books in similar settings.
空处应作为本段的主旨句，概括段落大意。下文描写让孩子创作故事，是对空处的解释说明。B项“让你的孩子编故事。”与下文呼应，符合语境。故选B项。
解析
A.Create literature with your child.
B.Ask your child to make up stories.
C.Compare how they are similar and how they are different.
D.Have your child read a book and then check out the video version of the book.
E.But your child will eventually have to read uninteresting or complicated materials.
F.It teaches your child to self-correct and also reduces their fear of dealing with difficult
words.
G.Consider making flashcards of these words and guessing the meanings before finding
the definition.
√
Compare books to films. 3 Talk about the similarities and differences between the two mediums.What did you each like or dislike about each form？Did your child prefer the book or the movie，and why
上文“Compare books to films.”建议把不同的媒介相比较，D项“让你的孩子读一本书，然后看看这本书的视频版本。”对上文进一步阐述，承接上文，符合语境。故选D项。
解析
A.Create literature with your child.
B.Ask your child to make up stories.
C.Compare how they are similar and how they are different.
D.Have your child read a book and then check out the video version of the book.
E.But your child will eventually have to read uninteresting or complicated materials.
F.It teaches your child to self-correct and also reduces their fear of dealing with difficult
words.
G.Consider making flashcards of these words and guessing the meanings before finding
the definition.
√
Encourage curiosity about vocabulary.As your child reads books，it’s suggested that you look up difficult or unfamiliar words in the dictionary together. 4 This builds the skill of inference(推理)，which is thinking through the possible answers based on the context.
上文“As your child reads books，it’s suggested that you look up difficult or unfamiliar words in the dictionary together.”建议你和孩子一起在词典中查找困难或不熟悉的单词，G项“在查找定义之前，考虑制作这些单词的抽认卡并猜测其含义。”承接上文，符合语境。故选G项。
解析
A.Create literature with your child.
B.Ask your child to make up stories.
C.Compare how they are similar and how they are different.
D.Have your child read a book and then check out the video version of the book.
E.But your child will eventually have to read uninteresting or complicated materials.
F.It teaches your child to self-correct and also reduces their fear of dealing with difficult
words.
G.Consider making flashcards of these words and guessing the meanings before finding
the definition.
√
Strengthen spelling skills.If you are making flashcards with difficult words，have your child practice spelling the words out loud or on paper.Give your child the opportunity to double-check spelling and find mistakes independently.This is a great strategy to use throughout the year. 5
上文“Give your child the opportunity to double-check spelling and find mistakes independently.This is a great strategy to use throughout the year.”表明要让孩子学会核查，自主发现错误，F项“这教会你的孩子自我修正，并且减轻他们处理难词的恐惧。”承接上文，表明上文策略的效果，符合语境。故选F项。
解析
In 1812，the year Charles Dickens was born，there were 66 novels 1.____________(publish) in Britain.
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了著名作家查尔斯·狄更斯对文学的贡献。
published
Ⅴ.语法填空
考查非谓语动词。句子中已经有谓语动词，因此空格处需要填入非谓语动词；publish与novels之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词表示被动。故填published。
解析
People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted 2.______(do) it professionally.Many works of fiction appeared 3.________ the names of the authors，often with something like “By a lady”.
to do
2.考查动词不定式。want to do sth“想要做某事”是固定用法。故填to do。
3.考查介词。分析句意可知，本句表示很多小说作品都没有注明作者的名字，而是通常只署名“一位女士”之类的东西，可知此处应用without表示“没有”。故填without。
解析
without
Novels，for the most part,4.____________(look) upon as silly，immoral or just plain bad.
were looked
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语Novels与look之间为动宾关系，所以需要使用被动语态；本句描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时；主语为复数，所以be动词用were。故填were looked。
解析
In 1870，when Dickens died，the world mourned him as 5._____(it) first professional writer and publisher，famous and beloved,6._____ had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership.
its
5.考查代词。空格处修饰名词，因此需要填入形容词性物主代词，作定语。故填its。
6.考查定语从句。空格处为定语从句的关系词，且代替先行词在从句中作主语，先行词指人，所以用who。故填who。
解析
who
Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.7.____________(remove) him from the pantheon(万神殿) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
Removing
考查非谓语动词。空格处与后面的短语构成句子的主语，表示“把他从英国文学的万神殿中除名”，所以用动名词作主语，且位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填Removing。
解析
How did Dickens get to the top？It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing 8.__________(attract) audiences from all walks of life.It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social，political and 9.__________ (science) progress.
attracted
8.考查动词的时态。空格处需要填入谓语动词；分析语境并结合后文中的rode和rewrote可知，此处描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。故填attracted。
9.考查形容词。空格处修饰名词progress，因此需要用形容词作定语，表示“科学的”。故填scientific。
解析
scientific
But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center.No one will ever know what mix of talent，ambition，energy and luck made Dickens such 10._____ distinguished writer.
a
考查冠词。空格处位于单数可数名词之前，且前面有such，因此需要填入不定冠词，空后单词的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用a。故填a。
解析
返 回
本课结束Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A．The last ivy leaf on the wall.
B．Mr Behrman—a failed painter.
C．A story about a kind of severe disease.
D．A beautiful and sorrowful story with a surprising ending.
答案　D
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To describe a place.
B．To introduce the topic.
C．To describe a scene of life.
D．To introduce the background of the story.
答案　D
2．What can we learn from paragraph 3
A．People put their hopes on Johnsy.
B．The chance of Johnsy’s survival was slim.
C．Johnsy needed to think about her future more.
D．People should encourage Johnsy to stick to her dream.
答案　B
3．Why did Johnsy change her attitude
A．The doctor told her something cheerful.
B．Behrman persuaded her to give up her stupid idea.
C．Sue encouraged her to be brave and she was moved.
D．She was encouraged by the brave leaf and realised that it was wrong of her to want to die.
答案　D
4．Which of the following can best describe Sue
A．Careless，mean and selfish.
B．Kind，determined and brave.
C．Considerate，kind and patient.
D．Pessimistic，bad-tempered and impatient.
答案　C
5．How is the story developed
A．By following time order.
B．By following space order.
C．By following logical order.
D．By following the changes of feelings.
答案　A
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
Sue and Johnsy were friends and they had their studio at the top of a three-story building.
Unfortunately，Johnsy 1.suffered(suffer) from pneumonia and lay on the bed，staring out the window and 2.counting(count) backwards：“Ten，nine，eight，seven...” She said weakly she must go when 3.the last leaf fell.The doctor told Sue to encourage her to think 4.more hopeful(hopeful) thoughts，about the future，about living.At the same time，Sue went to fetch Mr Behrman 5.who/that was a failed painter to be a model for her drawing.When Sue told him about Johnsy’s longing to slip away like the 6.leaves(leaf)，the old man decided something must 7.be done(do) to keep Johnsy hopeful，especially when he saw a cold rain was falling,8.mixed(mix) with snow.The next morning there was still one leaf on the ivy vine.After another terrible night，it was still there.Then Johnsy saw the power of life and wanted to live.9.With the help of the doctor and Sue，Johnsy was out of danger 10.gradually(gradual)．However，Mr Behrman died after painting a leaf that would never fall that cold rainy night.The leaf drawn by him was an actual masterpiece.
1．Greenwich Village is a place where the art people came together，hunting for apartments with north-facing windows and low rents.(P30，Para.1)
结构分析：此句是复合句。其中where引导定语从句；hunting for...为现在分词短语作状语，和从句主语the art people构成主动关系。
汉语翻译：格林威治村是个艺术人士聚集的地方，他们在那里寻找窗户朝北且租金低廉的公寓。
2．In November，a cold，unseen stranger，whom the doctors called Pneumonia，arrived in Greenwich Village.(P30，Para.2)
结构分析：此句是复合句。其中whom引导非限制性定语从句。
汉语翻译：十一月的时候，一个冷酷无情、肉眼看不见、医生称之为“肺炎”的不速之客，来到了格林威治村。
3．Mr Pneumonia placed his icy(ice) finger on Johnsy；and she lay(lie)，barely moving，in her bed staring at a blank wall under her blanket.(P30，Para.2)
结构分析：此句是并列句。barely moving和staring at a blank wall为现在分词短语作状语，和分句主语she构成主动关系。
汉语翻译：“肺炎先生”把他冰冷的手指放在约翰西身上，于是她躺在床上，几乎不动，盖着毯子，眼睛盯着一堵空墙。
4．Behrman and Sue looked out the window at the vine and noticed that there was(be) just one remaining leaf.(P31，Para.8)
结构分析：此句是复合句。其中looked和noticed为并列谓语；that引导宾语从句；remaining意为“剩下的”，和被修饰词leaf构成主动关系。
汉语翻译：伯曼和苏望着窗外的藤蔓，发现藤枝上只剩下最后一片叶子了。
5．One leaf remained on the vine，bravely(brave) holding on in the wind and rain.(P31，Para.9)
结构分析：此句是简单句。现在分词短语holding on in the wind and rain作伴随状语。
汉语翻译：藤上还留着一片叶子，在风雨中勇敢地撑着。
stare vi.凝视；盯着看
stare at盯着，凝视
glare at怒视
catch a glimpse of瞥见；扫一眼
gaze at凝视；注视
选用上述短语填空
I (1)stared/gazed at the blank test paper，with my hands pulling the hair，totally at a loss.Suddenly，I (2)caught a glimpse of the answers of the student sitting next to me.At that time，I found my teacher (3)glaring at me in disbelief.Embarrassed，I looked down.Cheating wasn’t the answer.I had to rely on myself.With a sigh，I focused on the questions，determined to do my best.
make up one’s mind (to do) 下定决心(去做)
change one’s mind改变主意
have...in mind心中有……
keep/bear in mind that记住……
come/spring to mind突然想起
(1)The architect has made up his mind to design(design) a building that people with disability can access easily.
[写作佳句]
(2)怀特先生值得我们尊敬，因为他不仅教得很好，而且还把我们的需要放在心上。
Mr White deserves our respect because not only does he teach well but also he has all our needs in mind.
(3)(话题写作之传统文化)李白和杜甫是人们在谈论中国诗歌时首先想到的名字。
Li Bai and Du Fu are the names that spring/come to mind when people talk about Chinese poetry.
find＋宾语＋宾补
The janitor found him lying in bed helplessly with pain yesterday morning.(P31，Para.13)
昨天早晨，看门人发现他无助地躺在床上，极度痛苦。
结构分析：此句为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补lying与宾语him之间为主谓关系。
“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，作宾补的可以是名词、形容词、副词、分词、介词短语等。
注意：如果宾语是不定式或从句时，常用it充当形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到后面。
(1)I found his lecture about artificial intelligence really absorbing(absorb)．
(2)When he arrived at the supermarket，he found his credit card lost(lose)．
(3)When the fellow came to himself，he found himself lying(lie) in hospital.
[写作佳句]
(4)这对双胞胎发现做一顿满意的早餐很难。
The twins found it difficult to make a satisfactory breakfast.
认真阅读下列语段，找出动作动词和状态动词
On a sunny day，I walked through the park，seeing children playing and ducks swimming.I sat on a bench，watching the scene.The trees stood tall，rustling in the breeze.Later，I explored the trails，listening to birds.As the sun set，I left，remembering the peaceful atmosphere.It was a day that I would cherish forever.
1．动作动词：walked，playing，swimming，sat，watching，explored，listening，set，left
2．状态动词：seeing，stood，rustling，remembering，was，cherish
动作动词和状态动词
英语中动词可分为两类：动作动词(Activity verbs)和状态动词(State verbs)。动作动词描述动作，可用于一般时态和进行时态；状态动词描述状态，一般不用于进行时态。
一、动作动词
动作动词是表示运动状态的动词。根据词汇意义又可分为三类：
动作动词种类 举例 用法
表示持续动作的动词 如eat，listen，read，run，walk，work，write等。 这类动词既可用于进行时，也可用于非进行时，但意义略有不同。
表示短暂动作的动词 如hit，jump，knock，nod，tap等。 这类动词可用一般时态表示具体的一次动作，通常不用于进行时。如果用于进行时的话，那就表示短暂动作的多次重复。
表示改变或移动的动词 如arrive，come，get，go，grow，leave，reach，turn等。 这类动词既可用于非进行时，也可用于进行时。但是用于进行时的时候常表示将来时的概念。
The salesman works in a department store and he has been working there for a long time.
这名推销员在一家百货商店工作，他已经在那里工作了很长时间了。
Hearing someone shouting for help，the young man jumped into the river at once.
听到有人大声求救，那个年轻人立即跳进了河里。
The train leaves at nine.火车9点出发。
二、状态动词
状态动词又叫静态动词，用来描述状态。根据词汇意义，状态动词又可分为四类：
1．动词be和have(有)。
I am a photographer and I have many books about photography.
我是一名摄影师，我有很多关于摄影的书。
2．动词belong，contain，own，include，possess等。
The architect owns 3 houses，but the house at the foot of the mountain doesn’t belong to him.
这名建筑师有三栋房子，但山脚下的这栋不属于他。
The novel contains 120 chapters，which include 40 chapters written by Gao E.
这部小说有120章，其中有40章是由高鹗写的。
3．感官动词，如hear，see，feel，taste，smell等。
Spring has come.I see her colors；I hear her breath；I can feel her warmth；I can smell her fragrance.春天来了。我看到了她的颜色；我听到了她的呼吸；我能感受到她的温暖；我能闻到她的芳香。
4．表示心理或情感状态的动词，如believe，consider，expect，forget，hate，hope，imagine，know，like，love，mean，prefer，regret，remember等。
Most students prefer popular music to folk music，because they consider folk music old-fashioned and less stimulating.
大多数学生更喜欢流行音乐而不是民间音乐，因为他们认为民间音乐过时且缺乏刺激性。
注意：状态动词与动作动词的区别：
1．动作动词可用于进行时态，而状态动词一般不可以。这是这两种动词最基本的区别。
Mary is writing her composition.玛丽正在写作文。
The food tastes good.这种食物尝起来不错。
2．有些动作动词表示的是短暂性的动作，没有持续性，即“一发生就结束”的动作。这类动词一般称为“非延续性动词”或“终止性动词”，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的这类动词有go，come，leave，arrive，lose，land，catch，join，kill，find，occur，happen，take part in等。
He has arrived in Shanghai for two weeks.(误)
He has been in Shanghai for two weeks.(正)
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．I looked around and finally spotted(spot) David，who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence.
2．It was built(build) originally to protect the city during the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复)．
3．We hired(hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
4．You can’t help wondering how hard it was(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
5．Mary’s niece wrote，“The little home was painted(paint) white.It was sweet and fresh.”
6．After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861，they rented the house and sold(sell)most of their furniture.
7．And，as more children were born，more food was needed(need)．
8．New methods meant(mean) that fewer people worked in farming.
Ⅱ.阅读下面一段对话，用所给动词的一般现在时或现在进行时填空
Reporter：Do you 1.like(like) your job
Guide：Oh，yes.I 2.love(love) it.I 3.enjoy(enjoy) meeting new people and travelling a lot.
Reporter：What do you 4.think(think) about the tourists who 5.come(come) to Xizang
Guide：Most of them already 6.know(know) a lot about mountains and 7.want(want) to see as much as possible.Right now，I 8.am working(work) for a group of Austrian hikers who have all been here before.They 9.understand(understand) all about hiking and I’m sure they 10.are enjoying(enjoy) themselves.That’s great because it 11.means(mean) that the hike is good fun for me too.
Reporter：How do the tourists 12.differ(differ) from local people
Guide：Well，most of them 13.smell(smell) funny，not like us.Really！They 14.eat(eat) different food and 15.dress(dress) differently.My Austrians，for example,16.drink(drink) coffee for breakfast—it 17.tastes(taste) bitter to me，but they 18.like(like) it!
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．电影已经开始了，已经演了半小时了。
The film has begun and has been on for half an hour.
2．谁正在操场上打篮球？
Who is playing basketball on the playground
3．这座城市位于海岸边。
The city lies on the coast.
4．昨天他给朋友写了一封电子邮件。
Yesterday he wrote an email to his friend.
5．他现在住的那座房子属于我父亲。
The house that/which he is living in belongs to my father.
6．在我的城市，你可以品尝到多种美味的食物。
In my city you can taste many kinds of delicious food.
7．知道你对中国历史感兴趣，我感到骄傲。
I feel proud to know you are interested in Chinese history.
8．我有一把很棒的扶手椅，现在我正在里面休息。
I have a wonderful armchair and I am now having a rest in it.
训练2　Lesson 1
[分值：74.5分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共8小题；每小题1.5分，满分12分)
1．He has made up his mind to overcome(overcome) his shortcomings.
2．He stared at the ball that moved forwards and backwards，lost in thought.
3．The boy lowered his head uneasily when he met his mother’s icy(ice) gaze.
4．Some workers went on strike in an attempt to get(get) their salary improved.
5．The assistant hurried back to the company，only to find the door closed(close)．
6．Tom was sent to fetch(fetch) what he needed for the chemical experiment.
7．A great number of college graduates crowded into big cities to hunt for occupations.
8．I screamed out loud，jumping all over the room in/with disbelief.
Ⅱ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)(满分15分)
1．我报名参加了一场英语戏剧比赛，以丰富我的学校生活并挑战自我。(in an attempt to)
I have signed up for an English drama contest in an attempt to enrich my school life and challenge myself.
2．这是我第一次参加这样一项活动。(This is the first time that sb have/has done)
This is the first time that I have taken part in such an activity.
3．我已经向学校戏剧协会提交了剧本。(submit...to...)
I have submitted the script to the school Drama Association.
4．然而，当别人盯着我看时，我往往会很紧张。(stare at)
However，I tend to be nervous when others are staring at me.
5．我发现这个比赛对我来说真的很有挑战性。你能给我一些建议吗？(find＋宾语＋宾补)
I find the contest really challenging for me.Can you give me some advice
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
I have signed up for an English drama contest in an attempt to enrich my school life and challenge myself.This is the first time that I have taken part in such an activity，and I am both excited and nervous about the upcoming performance.I have submitted the script to the school Drama Association.However，I tend to get nervous when others are staring at me.I fear that I might forget my lines or make a mistake on stage，which could embarrass me in front of everyone.I find the contest really challenging for me.Can you give me some advice
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Today，open book-review pages，and you are more likely to see writers describing each other and their work with such words as “brilliant” and “insightful” rather than，as they once did，“tiresome”．An editor for BuzzFeed，a news site，even announced that its books section would not do negative book reviews at all.This was wonderful news for writers everywhere.It was not such good news for readers.
The best bad reviews are scalpel(手术刀) jobs，observes the British critic Adam Mars-Jones，“because if it’s not precise，it’s not going to work”．One of the finest was used by George Eliot on Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre.“I wish，” Eliot wrote，“the characters would talk a little less like the heroes and heroines of police reports.” Modern reviewers rarely achieve such deadly beauty.All too often reviews are full of filler words：“darkly funny”，“deep thinking”．Many of these imply the word “boring”，which is in effect forbidden on literary pages.
The Internet is one reason for this softening.It has changed both the economics of criticism(newspapers have fewer book pages，so editors tend to fill them with the books you should read，not the ones you should not) and the advisability of it.The Internet has also helped decrease anonymity(匿名)．Once，most reviews were anonymous.Today，most reviewers are not only named but easily searchable.Whereas 30 years ago，critics were “encouraged to really have a go at people”，now people are “terrified of giving public criticism”．
There have been attempts to bring back sharp criticism.In 2012 an award called the “Hatchet Job of the Year” was launched by two critics as a “mission against boredom and lazy thinking”．It ran for three years.Fleur Macdonald，one of its co-founders，thinks that “the literary scene probably needs it more than ever now”，but that it struggled to get sponsorship since “bad book reviews can cause disagreements”．
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今书评很少提出尖锐的批评的现象，分析了这一现象背后的原因。
1．What is the feature of book reviews nowadays
A．They are getting brilliant.
B．They are very friendly to readers.
C．They hardly offer sharp criticism.
D．They show no respect for writers’ feelings.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Today，open book-review pages，and you are more likely to see writers describing each other and their work with such words as ‘brilliant’ and ‘insightful’ rather than，as they once did，‘tiresome’．”可知，现在书评的特点是很少提出尖锐的批评。故选C。
2．What does the author feel at Eliot’s review of Jane Eyre
A．Exact and effective.
B．Beautiful and talkative.
C．Thoughtful and funny.
D．Unfriendly and uncertain.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“The best bad reviews are scalpel(手术刀) jobs...‘because if it’s not precise，it’s not going to work’．One of the finest was used by George Eliot on Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre...Modern reviewers rarely achieve such deadly beauty.”可知，作者认为艾略特对《简·爱》的评价符合书评的标准，即准确、有效。故选A。
3．How is paragraph 3 mainly developed
A．By listing figures.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By providing examples.
D．By making classifications.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“newspapers have fewer book pages...Once，most reviews were anonymous.Today，most reviewers are not only named...Whereas 30 years ago...，now people are...”可知，第三段主要通过比较以前和现在的情况来展开。故选B。
4．What can we learn about the “Hatchet Job of the Year”？
A．It inspired many critics.
B．It became an instant hit.
C．It met with challenges.
D．It has been running for decades.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“...but that it struggled to get sponsorship since ‘bad book reviews can cause disagreements’．”可知，Hatchet Job of the Year遇到了挑战，很难获得赞助。故选C。
B
Roald Hoffmann，a Nobel Prize winner in chemistry，poet and playwright(剧作家)，is a tireless advocate of the wonders of science and the beauty of chemistry.Hoffmann successfully shares his understanding of science with the public at large through literature，educational television and even the stage.Here is an article he wrote：
Around the time of the Industrial Revolution，science left poetry.Nature and the personal became the main playground of the poet.That’s too bad for both scientists and poets，but it leaves lots of open ground for those of us who can move between the two.If one can write poetry about being a logger(伐木工)，why not about being a scientist？It’s experience，a way of life.It’s exciting.
The language of science is a language under stress.Words are being made to describe things that seem indescribable in words—equations，chemical structures and so forth.Words do not，cannot mean all that they stand for，yet they are all we have to describe experience.By being a natural language under tension，the language of science is inherently(内在地) poetic.Emotions emerge shaped as states of matter and more interestingly，matter acts out what goes on in the soul.
One thing is certainly not true，that scientists have some greater insight into the workings of nature than poets.Interestingly，I find that many humanists deep down feel that scientists have such inner knowledge that they don’t.Perhaps we scientists do，but in such carefully circumscribed pieces of the universe！Poetry flies high，all around the tangible(有形的) in deep dark，through a world we reveal and make.
It should be said that building a career in poetry is much harder than in science.In the best chemical journal in the world，the acceptance rate for full articles is 65%，for communications 35%.In a routine literary journal，far from the best，the acceptance rate for poems is below 5%.
Writing has become increasingly important to me.I expect to publish four books for a general or literary audience in the next few years.Science will be involved，but only as a part，a vital part，of the risky project of being human.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了罗阿尔德·霍夫曼对于科学和诗歌的看法。
5．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．A way of life.
B．The Industrial Revolution.
C．The main playground of the poet.
D．The separation of science from poetry.
答案　D
解析　代词指代题。根据画线词上文“Around the time of the Industrial Revolution...That’s too bad for both scientists and poets”以及后文“If one can write poetry about being a logger(伐木工)，why not about being a scientist？”可知，科学和诗歌分离对于科学家和诗人来说都太糟糕了，但也为可以在两者之间移动的人留下了很多开放的空间。故画线词指的是“科学与诗歌的分离”。故选D。
6．What can we learn about science language
A．Humanists never use it.
B．It shows scientists’ emotions.
C．It is a special way of description.
D．Its words stand for everything.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Words are being made to describe things...the language of science is inherently(内在地) poetic.”可知，作为一种压力下的自然语言，科学语言要描述一些看似无法被文字描述的内容，具有内在的诗意，所以是一种特殊的描述方式。故选C。
7．What method does Roald Hoffmann mainly use to state his opinion
A．Comparative analysis.
B．Giving examples.
C．Cause-effect analysis.
D．Process explanation.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Perhaps we scientists do，but...Poetry flies high...”以及第五段中“It should be said that building a career in poetry is much harder than in science.”可推知，罗阿尔德·霍夫曼主要通过比较分析科学家与诗人、科学与诗歌来阐述他的观点。故选A。
8．What may be the best title for the text
A．The Life of Roald Hoffmann
B．Roald Hoffmann’s Views on Science and Poetry
C．The Difference of Nature and Art
D．The Development of Science Language
答案　B
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第四、五段可知，文章讲了罗阿尔德·霍夫曼对于科学和诗歌的一些看法，由此可知，B选项“罗阿尔德·霍夫曼的科学与诗歌观”可以作文章最佳标题。故选B。
Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Some children love reading，some dislike it，and many are in between.Most children and adults are drawn to reading materials that are engaging and understandable. 1 So building reading abilities is always a good idea.As a parent，you can help your child develop reading skills with enjoyable activities，some of which you might not have thought of as reading enrichment.Here are some easy reading strategies for parents to use at home.
2 When your child creates a story out loud or in written form，you can prompt more specific vocabulary and encourage your child to dive into descriptive details.This activity provides practice for thinking through logical sequences(顺序)and may motivate curiosity as a child looks for books in similar settings.
Compare books to films. 3 Talk about the similarities and differences between the two mediums.What did you each like or dislike about each form？Did your child prefer the book or the movie，and why
Encourage curiosity about vocabulary.As your child reads books，it’s suggested that you look up difficult or unfamiliar words in the dictionary together. 4 This builds the skill of inference(推理)，which is thinking through the possible answers based on the context.
Strengthen spelling skills.If you are making flashcards with difficult words，have your child practice spelling the words out loud or on paper.Give your child the opportunity to double-check spelling and find mistakes independently.This is a great strategy to use throughout the year. 5
A．Create literature with your child.
B．Ask your child to make up stories.
C．Compare how they are similar and how they are different.
D．Have your child read a book and then check out the video version of the book.
E．But your child will eventually have to read uninteresting or complicated materials.
F．It teaches your child to self-correct and also reduces their fear of dealing with difficult words.
G．Consider making flashcards of these words and guessing the meanings before finding the definition.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些培养孩子的阅读能力的策略。
1．答案　E
解析　上文提到大多数人喜欢有趣的、易懂的材料，结合下文“So building reading abilities is always a good idea.”可知，空处应描写培养阅读能力的理由，E项“但是你的孩子最终将不得不阅读无趣或复杂的材料。”与下文形成因果关系，承上启下，符合语境。故选E项。
2．答案　B
解析　空处应作为本段的主旨句，概括段落大意。下文描写让孩子创作故事，是对空处的解释说明。B项“让你的孩子编故事。”与下文呼应，符合语境。故选B项。
3．答案　D
解析　上文“Compare books to films.”建议把不同的媒介相比较，D项“让你的孩子读一本书，然后看看这本书的视频版本。”对上文进一步阐述，承接上文，符合语境。故选D项。
4．答案　G
解析　上文“As your child reads books，it’s suggested that you look up difficult or unfamiliar words in the dictionary together.”建议你和孩子一起在词典中查找困难或不熟悉的单词，G项“在查找定义之前，考虑制作这些单词的抽认卡并猜测其含义。”承接上文，符合语境。故选G项。
5．答案　F
解析　上文“Give your child the opportunity to double-check spelling and find mistakes independently.This is a great strategy to use throughout the year.”表明要让孩子学会核查，自主发现错误，F项“这教会你的孩子自我修正，并且减轻他们处理难词的恐惧。”承接上文，表明上文策略的效果，符合语境。故选F项。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
In 1812，the year Charles Dickens was born，there were 66 novels 1.____________(publish) in Britain.People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted 2.____________(do) it professionally.Many works of fiction appeared 3.____________ the names of the authors，often with something like “By a lady”．Novels，for the most part,4.____________(look) upon as silly，immoral or just plain bad.
In 1870，when Dickens died，the world mourned him as 5.____________(it) first professional writer and publisher，famous and beloved,6._______ had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership.Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.7.____________(remove) him from the pantheon(万神殿) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
How did Dickens get to the top？It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing 8.____________(attract) audiences from all walks of life.It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social，political and 9.____________(science) progress.But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center.No one will ever know what mix of talent，ambition，energy and luck made Dickens such 10.____________ distinguished writer.
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了著名作家查尔斯·狄更斯对文学的贡献。
1．答案　published
解析　考查非谓语动词。句子中已经有谓语动词，因此空格处需要填入非谓语动词；publish与novels之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词表示被动。故填published。
2．答案　to do
解析　考查动词不定式。want to do sth“想要做某事”是固定用法。故填to do。
3．答案　without
解析　考查介词。分析句意可知，本句表示很多小说作品都没有注明作者的名字，而是通常只署名“一位女士”之类的东西，可知此处应用without表示“没有”。故填without。
4．答案　were looked
解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语Novels与look之间为动宾关系，所以需要使用被动语态；本句描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时；主语为复数，所以be动词用were。故填were looked。
5．答案　its
解析　考查代词。空格处修饰名词，因此需要填入形容词性物主代词，作定语。故填its。
6．答案　who
解析　考查定语从句。空格处为定语从句的关系词，且代替先行词在从句中作主语，先行词指人，所以用who。故填who。
7．答案　Removing
解析　考查非谓语动词。空格处与后面的短语构成句子的主语，表示“把他从英国文学的万神殿中除名”，所以用动名词作主语，且位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填Removing。
8．答案　attracted
解析　考查动词的时态。空格处需要填入谓语动词；分析语境并结合后文中的rode和rewrote可知，此处描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。故填attracted。
9．答案　scientific
解析　考查形容词。空格处修饰名词progress，因此需要用形容词作定语，表示“科学的”。故填scientific。
10．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。空格处位于单数可数名词之前，且前面有such，因此需要填入不定冠词，空后单词的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用a。故填a。

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