资源简介

(共53张PPT)
Section Ⅰ
Topic Talk
HUMAN BIOLOGY
UNIT 9
内容索引
Part 1　听力变式训练
Part 2　语言知识梳理
训练1
听力变式训练
Listen to the dialogue on P50 and choose the best answer.
1.What are the speakers talking about
A.Capabilities of the human body.
B.Capabilities of the human mind.
C.Capabilities of the human body and mind.
Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式)
√
2.What ability do the speakers think is amazing about the human body
A.To create and innovate.
B.To conduct medical research.
C.To jump high and run very fast.
√
3.What do the medical researchers do to prevent diseases
A.Develop vaccines.
B.Create and innovate.
C.Conduct research to find cures.
√
Listen to the dialogue on P51 and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
(I＝Interviewer　M＝Dr.Millhouse)
I：Thank you for taking the time to talk to us today，Dr.Millhouse.
M：You’re welcome.
I：You’ve been doing some research into how the human body reacts 1._____
.Could you tell us what you’ve found out
Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练)
in
extreme conditions
M：Yes，of course.First of all，we looked at human resilience in 2._____
extreme climates.We trained the experiment’s participants to do
3. and then they did them in 4.______________
temperatures in our lab.
I：And what happened
M：After they’d been doing the breathing exercises for about 5.__________
，we noticed something very interesting—their bodies started to 6. on their own!
I：Wow，that’s amazing!
hot
and cold
special breathing exercises
extremely low
twenty
minutes
warm up
M：Yes，it was.When the participants started to feel 7. ，they stopped doing the exercises properly.Then their body temperature started to 8. .
I：OK，so what you’re saying is that people are able to 9. how hot or cold their bodies are
M：Yes，that’s right.We saw 10. to those we see in the bodies of athletes involved in doping.But we need to do some more research to find out how this all works exactly.
I：Thank you very much，Dr.Millhouse.It’s been very interesting to talk to you today.
返 回
tired
fall again
control
similar effects
语言知识梳理
n.(完成困难事情的)能力，才能(capable adj.有能力的；足以胜任的 capably adv.有能力地；有才干地)
1
capability
·have the capability to do/of doing sth有做某事的能力
beyond/within the capability 在能力范围之外/内
·be capable of能够，有能力
(1)The boy has no capability (understand) the fiction.That is，it is his capability.
to understand
beyond
(2)(应用文写作之申请信)我英语流利，能和说英语的人自由交流。
I am fluent in English and ________________________________
.
(3)(2022·全国乙，书面表达)正是这种说话的能力使我们能够与他人交流。
enables us to communicate with others.
写作佳句
capable of communicating with English speakers freely
It’s the speaking capability that
vt.计算，核算；估算；预测(calculation n.计算；预测 calculated adj.精心策划的；蓄意的 calculator n.计算器)
2
calculate
·It is calculated that...据估算……
·be calculated to do sth打算/故意/可能做某事
(1)This adventure movie is calculated (attract) children.
(2)According to the physicist’s (calculate)，the planet has a twin brother which is not visible most of the time.
to attract
calculation
(3)(话题写作之旅游)据估算，这次去历史遗址的旅行要花掉我们1,000美元。
this trip to the historic sites will cost us $1,000.
写作佳句
返 回
It is calculated that
训练1
1.It has been that at least 47,000 jobs were offered by this employer last year.
2.Kenya’s long distance runners have taken the world by storm.
3.We can from the poem that the poet has a strong passion for ocean.
4.Life is like a where persistence is essential if you want to succeed.
5.After had tasted or smelled both samples，they indicated which one they preferred.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
calculated
athletics
infer
marathon
participants
6.The young fellow is trying to prove his innocence by (为……辩护) his crime.
7.Twelve potential (疫苗) are currently being tested on human volunteers.
8.He began college with a timetable that included (生物学)，calculus and political science.
9.According to what the scholar said，it is necessary to reform for the
(改善) of people’s life.
10.Ever since ancient times，human beings have been occupied in
(革新) by using creative approaches.
justifying
vaccines
biology
betterment
innovating
1.This advertisement is calculated (attract) women.
2.The operating system must be capable determining the update frequency.
3.The Prime Minister was involved a heated exchange with opposition MPs.
4.Anyone who has the talent for music or loves singing can participate _____
the contest.
5.Although Einstein was the better (physical)，Hilbert was the better mathematician.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
to attract
of
in
in
physicist
6.All I can say in (justify) of her actions is that she was under a lot of pressure at work.
7.In order to increase (participate) in outdoor activities，our school organised an activity last Saturday.
8.My (calculate) is based on notional figures，since the actual figures are not yet available.
9.Along with your wonderful (innovate)，you need to hand in a report，explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use.
10.I do not creatively think about how to solve my issues with Michael，even though I absolutely have the capability (solve) the problem.
justification
participation
calculation
innovation
to solve
A
Godfrey Hounsfield’s early life did not suggest that he would accomplish much at all.He was not a particularly good student in the teachers’ eyes—he neither observed the school disciplines nor worked hard enough at school lessons.His teachers described him as “thick”.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了高弗雷·亨斯菲尔德的生平以及他发明人体扫描仪的事迹。
He joined the army during the Second World War，but he wasn’t much of a soldier.However，he was a wizard with electrical machinery—he would use the newly invented radar to help pilots better find their way home on dark，cloudy nights.
After the war，Hounsfield followed his commander’s advice and got a degree in engineering.He practiced his trade at EMI，a company with a focus on electronics and electrical engineering.
Hounsfield’s natural talent for engineering made him lead the team building the most advanced mainframe computer available in Britain.But by the 1960’s，EMI wanted out of the competitive computer market and the brilliant engineer wasn’t sure what to do in the future in the company.Therefore，the company gave Hounsfield a long holiday.
During the holiday，Hounsfield met a physician who complained about the poor quality of X-ray of the brain，on which the brain looked like fog.This got Hounsfield to make a move into the new field.
Hounsfield returned to EMI and talked about the idea with his boss.Then he used a new way to approach the problem of imaging what was inside the skull.By working backward and using the fastest computers，he could work on the mystery of each brain layer.But there was a problem：EMI wasn’t involved in the medical market then.The company allowed Hounsfield to work on his product，but provided no funding.
Luckily his boss，Bill Ingham，saw the value of Hounsfield’s proposal and struggled to ask EMI to keep the project running.Finally，Hounsfield built a safe and effective human scanner.
Hounsfield’s innovation transformed medicine.He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1979 and was knighted by the queen in 1981.He continued his invention career until his final days in 2004，when he died at 84.
1.What can we say about Hounsfield’s early school life
A.He worked really hard.
B.He didn’t behave himself.
C.He didn’t manage to graduate.
D.He was popular with his teachers.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He was not a particularly good student in the teachers’ eyes—he neither observed the school disciplines nor worked hard enough at school lessons.”可知，他早期在学校表现不好。故选B。
解析
2.Why did EMI give Hounsfield a long holiday
A.To remind Hounsfield to learn from others.
B.To allow Hounsfield to reflect on his mistakes.
C.To make Hounsfield think about his future career.
D.To relieve Hounsfield’s anxiety over stressful work.
√
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But by the 1960’s...the brilliant engineer wasn’t sure what to do in the future in the company.Therefore，the company gave Hounsfield a long holiday.”可知，公司给他放长假是为了让他思考自己未来的职业规划。故选C。
解析
3.What difficulty did Hounsfield meet during his invention of human scanner
A.Having no one on his side.
B.Experiencing too many failures.
C.Being short of financial support.
D.Being misunderstood by his boss.
√
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“The company allowed Hounsfield to work on his product，but provided no funding.”可知，他在研究过程中面临的困难是资金短缺。故选C。
解析
4.What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text
A.To remember a great inventor.
B.To reveal the decline of a company.
C.To introduce the application of X-rays.
D.To show the improvements brought by technology.
√
写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要围绕高弗雷·亨斯菲尔德展开，着重讲述了他发明人体扫描仪的事迹，故作者的写作目的是纪念一位伟大的发明家。故选A。
解析
B
Space travel is certainly not for someone who is not fearless，for many reasons including its effects on physical health.It can potentially disturb human immune systems(免疫系统) and increase red blood cell death.Astronauts can even suffer from bone loss during missions.A recent study finds astronauts with no prior history of headaches may experience migraine(偏头疼) and tension-type headaches during long space flight—over 10 days in space.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章基于一项对宇航员头痛情况的研究，详细介绍了研究方法、数据收集过程以及研究发现。
The study looked at 24 astronauts from NASA，the European Space Agency，and a Japanese agency.The astronauts all completed health screenings and a questionnaire about individual headache history before their space flight.Nine of them reported never having any headaches prior to the study，with three reporting a headache that disturbed their daily activities within the last year.None of the astronauts had a history of recurrent headaches or had a migraine report.During space flight，they filled out a daily questionnaire for the first seven days and a weekly questionnaire each following week throughout their stay in the International Space Station.
The study found that 92 percent of the astronauts surveyed experienced headaches during space flight，compared to just 38 percent who reported experiencing headaches in the two to six months before going into space.Twenty-two of the 24 astronauts studied also experienced one or more headache times during their first week in space.About 89 percent of these headaches were tension headaches and 10 percent were likely a migraine.Headaches were also of a higher intensity and more likely to be like a migraine during the first week of their space flight.
According to W.P.J.van Oosterhout，study co-author，the changes to the brain’s balance and posture system，combined with adjusting to zero gravity during the first week of their space flight，can lead to space motion sickness in the first week，of which headache is the most frequently reported symptom.One of the study’s limitations is that it relied on self-reporting of symptoms，so the memory recall may not have been completely accurate.“Further research is needed to explain the underlying causes of space headache and explore how such discoveries may provide insights into headaches occurring on Earth，” said van Oosterhout.
5.What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A.The danger of space travel.
B.The process of the new study.
C.The standard of choosing the astronauts.
D.Astronauts’ full preparation for space travel.
√
段落大意题。根据第二段“The study looked at 24 astronauts...all completed health screenings...before their space flight...During space flight，they filled out...”可知，本段主要介绍这项研究的过程。故选B。
解析
6.How does the author mainly develop paragraph 3
A.By analyzing reasons.
B.By making comparisons.
C.By giving examples.
D.By listing figures.
√
推理判断题。在第三段中，作者主要使用列举数字的方法介绍研究结果。故选D。
解析
7.What does the new study find about the headache
A.It will result in space motion sickness.
B.It will become more serious with the flight on.
C.It is an experience for most astronauts in early space flight.
D.It helps astronauts keep a balance between the brain and the body.
√
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Twenty-two of the 24 astronauts studied also experienced one or more headache times during their first week in space.”可知，大部分的宇航员在飞行初期都经历了头痛。故选C。
解析
8.What does the author think of the new finding
A.It has small sample size.
B.It needs to be improved further.
C.It is correct and true in every detail.
D.It will solve the space headache problem to some degree.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“One of the study’s limitations is that it relied on self-reporting of symptoms，so the memory recall may not have been completely accurate.‘Further research is needed...’”可知，作者指出这项研究依靠自我报告，因而准确性不足，可推知作者认为此研究需要进一步改进。故选B。
解析
Kenneth worked a job in the downtown of Washington，D.C.While it paid well，his boss was what Kenneth described as a constant 1 .One day，Kenneth got out of the office building from work，walking on the street.It was a bitterly cold night.
Ⅳ.完形填空
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Kenneth在经历个人和职业上的困境后，通过一个小男孩的微笑获得了启发，进而发起了一项视频项目，记录各行各业的人们接收到的微笑的力量。
1.A.assistant B.visitor
C.challenge D.companion
√
assistant助手；visitor游客，访问者；challenge挑战；companion同伴。根据“While it paid well”和下文的“his angry boss”以及“frustration”可知，对Kenneth来说，他的老板一直是一个挑战。故选C。
解析
2.A.pleasant B.painful
C.strange D.cautious
3.A.continuous B.previous
C.temporary D.professional
4.A.shadow B.light
C.smile D.glance
He received two 2 phone calls：one from his angry boss and another from a friend suffering cancer.The 3 frustration mixed with the personal sadness，casting a heavy 4 over his day.
√
√
√
2.pleasant令人愉快的；painful令人痛苦的；strange奇怪的；cautious小心的，谨慎的。根据下文“one from his angry boss and another from a friend suffering cancer”可知，这两通电话都是令人痛苦的。故选B。
3.continuous连续不断的；previous以前的；temporary暂时的；professional职业的。根据上文“his boss was what Kenneth described as a constant ”可知，此处指Kenneth在职业上遇到挫折。故选D。
4.shadow阴影；light光；smile微笑；glance一瞥。根据上文“The________frustration mixed with the personal sadness”可知，职业上的挫折和个人的悲伤给他的一天蒙上了沉重的阴影。故选A。
解析
5.A.figured out B.reflected on
C.got through D.stirred up
“I just didn’t understand what the purpose of life was，” he 5 that day and said.
√
figure out计算出，解决；reflect on反思，仔细考虑；get through通过，完成；stir up搅拌，引起。根据上文“I just didn’t understand what the purpose of life was”可知，Kenneth在进行自我反思。故选B。
解析
6.A.promised B.pretended
C.refused D.happened
7.A.belonging B.belt
C.sight D.screen
Wandering on the road，Kenneth 6 to make eye contact with a little boy walking toward him.“When we locked 7 ，he just gave me a bright smile.
√
√
6.promise承诺，保证；pretend假装；refuse拒绝；happen发生。根据下文的“accidental”可知，Kenneth碰巧与一个向他走来的小男孩有了目光接触，happen to do sth为固定搭配，意为“碰巧做某事”。故选D。
7.belonging财产，归属；belt腰带；sight视线；screen屏幕。根据上文“to make eye contact with a little boy”可知，此处指目光相遇。故选C。
解析
8.A.uplift B.trick
C.threaten D.defeat
9.A.recognition B.encounter
C.celebration D.explosion
No words exchanged，the smile was a language enough to 8 me.” As he continued on his path，Kenneth couldn’t shake off the impact of that accidental yet meaningful 9 .
√
√
8.uplift激励，使振奋；trick欺骗；threaten威胁；defeat战胜，打败。根据上文“he just gave me a bright smile”和下文“motivated from strangers”可知，Kenneth被小男孩的微笑激励了。故选A。
9.recognition识别；encounter(意外、突然或暴力的)相遇，邂逅；celebration庆祝；explosion爆炸。根据上文可知，与小男孩的邂逅对Kenneth产生了影响。故选B。
解析
10.A.hurt B.fined
C.absorbed D.struck
11.A.transformation B.apology
C.dependence D.illustration
12.A.regaining B.ignoring
C.filming D.drawing
In that instant，a thought 10 Kenneth，not of giving in to despair(绝望) but of 11 .Kenneth launched a video project， 12 the healing power of smiles that persons from all walks of life received.
√
√
√
10.hurt使受伤；fine对……处以罚款；absorb吸收；strike突然想到，击打。根据“a thought”可知，Kenneth突然想到一个主意。故选D。
11.transformation转变；apology道歉；dependence依赖，依靠；illustration例证，说明。根据“not of giving in to despair(绝望) but”可知，此处指不是向绝望屈服，而是要转变。故选A。
12.regain重新获得；ignore忽视；film拍摄；draw画画。根据“Kenneth launched a video project”可知，此处指拍摄视频。故选C。
解析
13.A.alternatively B.unexpectedly
C.unfortunately D.gradually
14.A.satisfaction B.wisdom
C.activities D.possibilities
Each faced their own hardships but was 13 comforted and motivated from strangers，much like his own experience with the little boy.These recordings became beacons(灯塔) of hope and 14 for people in despair，spreading more warmth in corners of the world.
√
√
13.alternatively或者；unexpectedly出乎意料地；unfortunately不幸地；gradually逐渐地。根据“comforted and motivated from strangers”可知，此处指从陌生人那里得到了意想不到的安慰和激励。故选B。
14.satisfaction满意；wisdom智慧；activity活动；possibility可能性。根据“became beacons(灯塔) of hope”可知，这些录像成了绝望中人们的希望和可能性的灯塔。故选D。
解析
15.A.member B.partner
C.hero D.tourist
“I have to marvel at the idea due to a little boy smiling at me on a cold January day.He is my unsung 15 ，” Kenneth said.
√
member成员；partner伙伴；hero英雄；tourist游客。根据上文可知，Kenneth偶遇的小男孩激励了他，对他来说是无名英雄。故选C。
解析
返 回
本课结束单元主题引领
主题词汇
Biotechnology 生物技术 clone vt.克隆，使无性繁殖 n．克隆动物或植物，无性繁殖的个体 virus n．病毒　bacteria n．细菌　embryo n．胚；胚胎；萌芽时期 medicine n．药 carrier n．带菌者，病毒携带者 capsule n．(药)胶囊 tablet n．药片 edit vi.& vt.编辑，编校；剪辑 pill n．药丸，药片 poison n．毒药 herb n．药草 drug n．药，药物；毒品 breakthrough n．突破，重大进展 controversial adj.有争议的 gene n．基因 biochemistry n．生物化学 variation n．变化物，变体；差异，变动 trial n．试验 genetically modified food转基因食品
Animals 动物 mammal n．哺乳动物　primate n．灵长目动物　insect n．昆虫 pest n．害虫 camel n．骆驼 cattle n．牛 ape n．猿 goat n．山羊 cell n．细胞 organ n．器官 tissue n．组织 lay eggs下蛋 hatch vt.& vi.孵出；孵化 give birth to 生育，生产 twin n．双胞胎中的一个 reproductive adj.繁殖的，生殖的 joint n．关节 nerve n．神经；焦虑，紧张 skull n．颅骨 elbow n．肘部 kidney n．肾 lung n．肺 tail n．尾巴 claw n．(动物的)爪，爪子 nail n．指甲，趾甲
Diseases and treatments 疾病及治疗方法 stress n．精神压力，心理负担　dizzy adj.头晕目眩的　depression n．抑郁症 sneeze vi.打喷嚏 swell vi.肿胀 fever n．发烧；发热 symptom n．症状 cough n．& v．咳嗽 heart attack心脏病 rare adj.稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的 widespread adj.分布广的，广泛流传的 diagnose v．诊断 paralysis n．瘫痪 fatal adj.致命的 vaccine n．疫苗 resilience n．恢复力，复原力，适应力 take one’s temperature给某人量体温 take one’s blood pressure给某人量血压 take medicine吃药 operate on/perform an operation on sb给某人动手术
语境串记　主题语段串记单元词汇
Nowadays，what people do hurts not only themselves but also animals.
By comparison with traditional offline medical care，remote medical care is very crucial，which can break the barriers of time and space，and provide the best doctors and the identically accurate treatment for the patients.However，some illegal organizations，wholly ignoring the ethics and morality，edit some false advertisements artificially and abuse network，providing some false clues for the patients.It is bound to lead to permanent damage to the patients，which will provoke angry emotion and must be forbidden forever.
To make matters worse，it is estimated that some rare animals are disappearing.There are many factors for their extinction，but they can be roughly classified into two categories，partly because they are unable to adapt to the environment，and partly because of human activities，which pose a threat to their habitats.It is depressing that some people kill animals because they think they carry viruses.Fortunately，people of vision oppose this practice and call for a global effort to take systematic and thorough measures to protect animals.
当今人们的行为不仅伤害自身，更危及动物生存。,与传统线下医疗相比，远程医疗具有突破时空限制的关键优势，能为患者提供顶尖医生和同样精准的诊疗。然而，某些非法组织完全罔顾伦理道德，人工编造虚假广告并滥用网络，向患者提供错误医疗指引。这必将对患者造成永久性伤害，引发公愤，必须坚决取缔。 更令人忧心的是，据估计部分珍稀动物正在消失。其灭绝原因虽多，但大致可归为两类：部分源于无法适应环境，部分则因人类活动威胁其栖息地。可悲的是，有些人以携带病毒为由捕杀动物。值得庆幸的是，有识之士正抵制这种行为，并呼吁全球采取系统彻底的动物保护措施。
Section Ⅰ　Topic Talk
Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式)
Listen to the dialogue on P50 and choose the best answer.
1．What are the speakers talking about
A．Capabilities of the human body.
B．Capabilities of the human mind.
C．Capabilities of the human body and mind.
答案　C
2．What ability do the speakers think is amazing about the human body
A．To create and innovate.
B．To conduct medical research.
C．To jump high and run very fast.
答案　C
3．What do the medical researchers do to prevent diseases
A．Develop vaccines.
B．Create and innovate.
C．Conduct research to find cures.
答案　A
Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练)
Listen to the dialogue on P51 and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
(I＝Interviewer　M＝Dr.Millhouse)
I：Thank you for taking the time to talk to us today，Dr.Millhouse.
M：You’re welcome.
I：You’ve been doing some research into how the human body reacts 1.in extreme conditions.Could you tell us what you’ve found out
M：Yes，of course.First of all，we looked at human resilience in 2.hot and cold extreme climates.We trained the experiment’s participants to do 3.special breathing exercises and then they did them in 4.extremely low temperatures in our lab.
I：And what happened
M：After they’d been doing the breathing exercises for about 5.twenty minutes，we noticed something very interesting—their bodies started to 6.warm up on their own!
I：Wow，that’s amazing!
M：Yes，it was.When the participants started to feel 7.tired，they stopped doing the exercises properly.Then their body temperature started to 8.fall again.
I：OK，so what you’re saying is that people are able to 9.control how hot or cold their bodies are
M：Yes，that’s right.We saw 10.similar effects to those we see in the bodies of athletes involved in doping.But we need to do some more research to find out how this all works exactly.
I：Thank you very much，Dr.Millhouse.It’s been very interesting to talk to you today.
capability n．(完成困难事情的)能力，才能(capable adj.有能力的；足以胜任的 capably adv.有能力地；有才干地)
· have the capability to do/of doing sth有做某事的能力
beyond/within the capability 在能力范围之外/内
· be capable of能够，有能力
(1)The boy has no capability to understand(understand) the fiction.That is，it is beyond his capability.
[写作佳句]
(2)(应用文写作之申请信)我英语流利，能和说英语的人自由交流。
I am fluent in English and capable of communicating with English speakers freely.
(3)(2022·全国乙，书面表达)正是这种说话的能力使我们能够与他人交流。
It’s the speaking capability that enables us to communicate with others.
calculate vt.计算，核算；估算；预测(calculation n．计算；预测 calculated adj.精心策划的；蓄意的 calculator n．计算器)
·It is calculated that...据估算……
·be calculated to do sth打算/故意/可能做某事
(1)This adventure movie is calculated to attract(attract) children.
(2)According to the physicist’s calculation(calculate)，the planet has a twin brother which is not visible most of the time.
[写作佳句]
(3)(话题写作之旅游)据估算，这次去历史遗址的旅行要花掉我们1,000美元。
It is calculated that this trip to the historic sites will cost us $1,000.
训练1　Topic Talk
[分值：60分]
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
1．It has been calculated that at least 47,000 jobs were offered by this employer last year.
2．Kenya’s long distance runners have taken the athletics world by storm.
3．We can infer from the poem that the poet has a strong passion for ocean.
4．Life is like a marathon where persistence is essential if you want to succeed.
5．After participants had tasted or smelled both samples，they indicated which one they preferred.
6．The young fellow is trying to prove his innocence by justifying(为……辩护) his crime.
7．Twelve potential vaccines(疫苗) are currently being tested on human volunteers.
8．He began college with a timetable that included biology(生物学)，calculus and political science.
9．According to what the scholar said，it is necessary to reform for the betterment(改善) of people’s life.
10．Ever since ancient times，human beings have been occupied in innovating(革新) by using creative approaches.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．This advertisement is calculated to attract(attract) women.
2．The operating system must be capable of determining the update frequency.
3．The Prime Minister was involved in a heated exchange with opposition MPs.
4．Anyone who has the talent for music or loves singing can participate in the contest.
5．Although Einstein was the better physicist(physical)，Hilbert was the better mathematician.
6．All I can say in justification(justify) of her actions is that she was under a lot of pressure at work.
7．In order to increase participation(participate) in outdoor activities，our school organised an activity last Saturday.
8．My calculation(calculate) is based on notional figures，since the actual figures are not yet available.
9．Along with your wonderful innovation(innovate)，you need to hand in a report，explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use.
10．I do not creatively think about how to solve my issues with Michael，even though I absolutely have the capability to solve(solve) the problem.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Godfrey Hounsfield’s early life did not suggest that he would accomplish much at all.He was not a particularly good student in the teachers’ eyes—he neither observed the school disciplines nor worked hard enough at school lessons.His teachers described him as “thick”．
He joined the army during the Second World War，but he wasn’t much of a soldier.However，he was a wizard with electrical machinery—he would use the newly invented radar to help pilots better find their way home on dark，cloudy nights.
After the war，Hounsfield followed his commander’s advice and got a degree in engineering.He practiced his trade at EMI，a company with a focus on electronics and electrical engineering.
Hounsfield’s natural talent for engineering made him lead the team building the most advanced mainframe computer available in Britain.But by the 1960’s，EMI wanted out of the competitive computer market and the brilliant engineer wasn’t sure what to do in the future in the company.Therefore，the company gave Hounsfield a long holiday.
During the holiday，Hounsfield met a physician who complained about the poor quality of X-ray of the brain，on which the brain looked like fog.This got Hounsfield to make a move into the new field.
Hounsfield returned to EMI and talked about the idea with his boss.Then he used a new way to approach the problem of imaging what was inside the skull.By working backward and using the fastest computers，he could work on the mystery of each brain layer.But there was a problem：EMI wasn’t involved in the medical market then.The company allowed Hounsfield to work on his product，but provided no funding.
Luckily his boss，Bill Ingham，saw the value of Hounsfield’s proposal and struggled to ask EMI to keep the project running.Finally，Hounsfield built a safe and effective human scanner.
Hounsfield’s innovation transformed medicine.He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1979 and was knighted by the queen in 1981.He continued his invention career until his final days in 2004，when he died at 84.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了高弗雷·亨斯菲尔德的生平以及他发明人体扫描仪的事迹。
1．What can we say about Hounsfield’s early school life
A．He worked really hard.
B．He didn’t behave himself.
C．He didn’t manage to graduate.
D．He was popular with his teachers.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He was not a particularly good student in the teachers’ eyes—he neither observed the school disciplines nor worked hard enough at school lessons.”可知，他早期在学校表现不好。故选B。
2．Why did EMI give Hounsfield a long holiday
A．To remind Hounsfield to learn from others.
B．To allow Hounsfield to reflect on his mistakes.
C．To make Hounsfield think about his future career.
D．To relieve Hounsfield’s anxiety over stressful work.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But by the 1960’s...the brilliant engineer wasn’t sure what to do in the future in the company.Therefore，the company gave Hounsfield a long holiday.”可知，公司给他放长假是为了让他思考自己未来的职业规划。故选C。
3．What difficulty did Hounsfield meet during his invention of human scanner
A．Having no one on his side.
B．Experiencing too many failures.
C．Being short of financial support.
D．Being misunderstood by his boss.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“The company allowed Hounsfield to work on his product，but provided no funding.”可知，他在研究过程中面临的困难是资金短缺。故选C。
4．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text
A．To remember a great inventor.
B．To reveal the decline of a company.
C．To introduce the application of X-rays.
D．To show the improvements brought by technology.
答案　A
解析　写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要围绕高弗雷·亨斯菲尔德展开，着重讲述了他发明人体扫描仪的事迹，故作者的写作目的是纪念一位伟大的发明家。故选A。
B
Space travel is certainly not for someone who is not fearless，for many reasons including its effects on physical health.It can potentially disturb human immune systems(免疫系统) and increase red blood cell death.Astronauts can even suffer from bone loss during missions.A recent study finds astronauts with no prior history of headaches may experience migraine(偏头疼) and tension-type headaches during long space flight—over 10 days in space.
The study looked at 24 astronauts from NASA，the European Space Agency，and a Japanese agency.The astronauts all completed health screenings and a questionnaire about individual headache history before their space flight.Nine of them reported never having any headaches prior to the study，with three reporting a headache that disturbed their daily activities within the last year.None of the astronauts had a history of recurrent headaches or had a migraine report.During space flight，they filled out a daily questionnaire for the first seven days and a weekly questionnaire each following week throughout their stay in the International Space Station.
The study found that 92 percent of the astronauts surveyed experienced headaches during space flight，compared to just 38 percent who reported experiencing headaches in the two to six months before going into space.Twenty-two of the 24 astronauts studied also experienced one or more headache times during their first week in space.About 89 percent of these headaches were tension headaches and 10 percent were likely a migraine.Headaches were also of a higher intensity and more likely to be like a migraine during the first week of their space flight.
According to W．P.J.van Oosterhout，study co-author，the changes to the brain’s balance and posture system，combined with adjusting to zero gravity during the first week of their space flight，can lead to space motion sickness in the first week，of which headache is the most frequently reported symptom.One of the study’s limitations is that it relied on self-reporting of symptoms，so the memory recall may not have been completely accurate.“Further research is needed to explain the underlying causes of space headache and explore how such discoveries may provide insights into headaches occurring on Earth，” said van Oosterhout.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章基于一项对宇航员头痛情况的研究，详细介绍了研究方法、数据收集过程以及研究发现。
5．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The danger of space travel.
B．The process of the new study.
C．The standard of choosing the astronauts.
D．Astronauts’ full preparation for space travel.
答案　B
解析　段落大意题。根据第二段“The study looked at 24 astronauts...all completed health screenings...before their space flight...During space flight，they filled out...”可知，本段主要介绍这项研究的过程。故选B。
6．How does the author mainly develop paragraph 3
A．By analyzing reasons.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By giving examples.
D．By listing figures.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。在第三段中，作者主要使用列举数字的方法介绍研究结果。故选D。
7．What does the new study find about the headache
A．It will result in space motion sickness.
B．It will become more serious with the flight on.
C．It is an experience for most astronauts in early space flight.
D．It helps astronauts keep a balance between the brain and the body.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Twenty-two of the 24 astronauts studied also experienced one or more headache times during their first week in space.”可知，大部分的宇航员在飞行初期都经历了头痛。故选C。
8．What does the author think of the new finding
A．It has small sample size.
B．It needs to be improved further.
C．It is correct and true in every detail.
D．It will solve the space headache problem to some degree.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“One of the study’s limitations is that it relied on self-reporting of symptoms，so the memory recall may not have been completely accurate.‘Further research is needed...’”可知，作者指出这项研究依靠自我报告，因而准确性不足，可推知作者认为此研究需要进一步改进。故选B。
Ⅳ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Kenneth worked a job in the downtown of Washington，D.C.While it paid well，his boss was what Kenneth described as a constant 1 .One day，Kenneth got out of the office building from work，walking on the street.It was a bitterly cold night.He received two 2 phone calls：one from his angry boss and another from a friend suffering cancer.The 3 frustration mixed with the personal sadness，casting a heavy 4 over his day.“I just didn’t understand what the purpose of life was，” he 5 that day and said.
Wandering on the road，Kenneth 6 to make eye contact with a little boy walking toward him.“When we locked 7 ，he just gave me a bright smile.No words exchanged，the smile was a language enough to 8 me.” As he continued on his path，Kenneth couldn’t shake off the impact of that accidental yet meaningful 9 .
In that instant，a thought 10 Kenneth，not of giving in to despair(绝望) but of 11 .Kenneth launched a video project， 12 the healing power of smiles that persons from all walks of life received.Each faced their own hardships but was 13 comforted and motivated from strangers，much like his own experience with the little boy.These recordings became beacons(灯塔) of hope and 14 for people in despair，spreading more warmth in corners of the world.
“I have to marvel at the idea due to a little boy smiling at me on a cold January day.He is my unsung 15 ，” Kenneth said.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Kenneth在经历个人和职业上的困境后，通过一个小男孩的微笑获得了启发，进而发起了一项视频项目，记录各行各业的人们接收到的微笑的力量。
1．A.assistant B．visitor
C．challenge D．companion
答案　C
解析　assistant助手；visitor游客，访问者；challenge挑战；companion同伴。根据“While it paid well”和下文的“his angry boss”以及“frustration”可知，对Kenneth来说，他的老板一直是一个挑战。故选C。
2．A.pleasant B．painful
C．strange D．cautious
答案　B
解析　pleasant令人愉快的；painful令人痛苦的；strange奇怪的；cautious小心的，谨慎的。根据下文“one from his angry boss and another from a friend suffering cancer”可知，这两通电话都是令人痛苦的。故选B。
3．A.continuous B．previous
C．temporary D．professional
答案　D
解析　continuous连续不断的；previous以前的；temporary暂时的；professional职业的。根据上文“his boss was what Kenneth described as a constant ”可知，此处指Kenneth在职业上遇到挫折。故选D。
4．A.shadow B．light
C．smile D．glance
答案　A
解析　shadow阴影；light光；smile微笑；glance一瞥。根据上文“The frustration mixed with the personal sadness”可知，职业上的挫折和个人的悲伤给他的一天蒙上了沉重的阴影。故选A。
5．A.figured out B．reflected on
C．got through D．stirred up
答案　B
解析　figure out计算出，解决；reflect on反思，仔细考虑；get through通过，完成；stir up搅拌，引起。根据上文“I just didn’t understand what the purpose of life was”可知，Kenneth在进行自我反思。故选B。
6．A.promised B．pretended
C．refused D．happened
答案　D
解析　promise承诺，保证；pretend假装；refuse拒绝；happen发生。根据下文的“accidental”可知，Kenneth碰巧与一个向他走来的小男孩有了目光接触，happen to do sth为固定搭配，意为“碰巧做某事”。故选D。
7．A.belonging B．belt
C．sight D．screen
答案　C
解析　belonging财产，归属；belt腰带；sight视线；screen屏幕。根据上文“to make eye contact with a little boy”可知，此处指目光相遇。故选C。
8．A.uplift B．trick
C．threaten D．defeat
答案　A
解析　uplift激励，使振奋；trick欺骗；threaten威胁；defeat战胜，打败。根据上文“he just gave me a bright smile”和下文“motivated from strangers”可知，Kenneth被小男孩的微笑激励了。故选A。
9．A.recognition B．encounter
C．celebration D．explosion
答案　B
解析　recognition识别；encounter(意外、突然或暴力的)相遇，邂逅；celebration庆祝；explosion爆炸。根据上文可知，与小男孩的邂逅对Kenneth产生了影响。故选B。
10．A.hurt B．fined
C．absorbed D．struck
答案　D
解析　hurt使受伤；fine对……处以罚款；absorb吸收；strike突然想到，击打。根据“a thought”可知，Kenneth突然想到一个主意。故选D。
11．A.transformation B．apology
C．dependence D．illustration
答案　A
解析　transformation转变；apology道歉；dependence依赖，依靠；illustration例证，说明。根据“not of giving in to despair(绝望) but”可知，此处指不是向绝望屈服，而是要转变。故选A。
12．A.regaining B．ignoring
C．filming D．drawing
答案　C
解析　regain重新获得；ignore忽视；film拍摄；draw画画。根据“Kenneth launched a video project”可知，此处指拍摄视频。故选C。
13．A.alternatively B．unexpectedly
C．unfortunately D．gradually
答案　B
解析　alternatively或者；unexpectedly出乎意料地；unfortunately不幸地；gradually逐渐地。根据“comforted and motivated from strangers”可知，此处指从陌生人那里得到了意想不到的安慰和激励。故选B。
14．A.satisfaction B．wisdom
C．activities D．possibilities
答案　D
解析　satisfaction满意；wisdom智慧；activity活动；possibility可能性。根据“became beacons(灯塔) of hope”可知，这些录像成了绝望中人们的希望和可能性的灯塔。故选D。
15．A.member B．partner
C．hero D．tourist
答案　C
解析　member成员；partner伙伴；hero英雄；tourist游客。根据上文可知，Kenneth偶遇的小男孩激励了他，对他来说是无名英雄。故选C。

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