资源简介

(共63张PPT)
HUMAN BIOLOGY
UNIT 9
Section Ⅲ
Lesson 2
内容索引
Part 1　听力变式训练
Part 2　语言知识梳理
训练3
听力变式训练
Listen to the lecture on P56 and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
Right，the topic of today’s lecture is “The Brain”.Well，the brain is an 1. organ.It consists of 2. .It weighs just over a kilo—just imagine that，like a kilo of potatoes.But this is a very special kilo.It uses 3. of the body’s energy and it contains over one hundred billion cells.
Ⅰ.听力填空(精听训练)
absolutely amazing
grey and white matter
twenty percent
One hundred billion cells！These make up 4. ，which are connected by electrical impulses.The brain 5. using electrical impulses，the same way as a computer works.But there are more possible connections in one brain than there are atoms in the universe. Just think about that again.There are more possible connections in your brain than there are atoms in the universe.Amazing，isn’t it？Makes a normal computer look simple，doesn’t it
nerve cells
sends messages
So，what do we know about this organ called “the brain”？Scientists who study the brain have learnt a lot about it in the last ten years.Like explorers exploring the world，they’ve found that there are 6._________
in the brain and these areas are responsible for 7. . We now know which parts of the brain are related to different parts of our body and feelings from them.A good example of this can be seen in people who have lost an arm or a leg 8. . Though they don’t have an arm or a leg，they can still 9. from it，like pain. Incredible，isn’t it
different
areas
different functions
in an accident
have feelings
You also have different areas for different kinds of 10. .For example，you have one area for your first language and another area for a foreign language that you learn when you are older.Interesting，isn’t it？...But even more interesting than locating different areas of the brain is...
thinking
Ⅱ.选择填空(高考形式)
Listen to the student phone-in programme on P57 and choose the best answer.
1.What is the main focus of the discussion on Healthy Living
A.Different types of diets.
B.Physical exercise routines.
C.Means to improve brain health.
√
2.What does Professor Kim suggest to improve one’s memory
A.Only learning a new language.
B.Trying new and challenging activities.
C.Just doing crossword puzzles and quizzes.
√
3.What problem does John have
A.Whether there are foods good for the brain.
B.Whether brain exercises work for memory.
C.Whether there is any exercise that can improve the health of his brain.
√
Ⅲ.听力填空(精听训练)
Listen to the student phone-in programme on P57 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
(P＝Presenter　K＝Professor Kim　A＝Anna　J＝John　B＝Bella)
P：Good morning and welcome to Healthy Living.This morning we’re here to discuss 1. .This is Professor Kim，a brain expert. Welcome，Professor.
K：Thank you for having me.
P：Let’s turn to our first caller now.Anna，are you there？What would you like to ask Professor Kim
the brain
A：Oh hi，good morning.Yes，I’ve noticed that 2. isn’t as good as it used to be，and I’ve read about 3. —you know，crossword puzzles，games，quizzes，that kind of thing.But do they really work？Should I try them
P：What’s your advice，Professor Kim
K：Well，the answer is yes and no.4. are good for us to keep our brain active.However，to really exercise the brain，you need to 5. .That means doing 6. ，something that perhaps you are not good at.This keeps the brain 7. and helps improve memory.
my memory
brain exercises
Puzzles and games
challenge it
something new
flexible
P：So what kinds of activities do you suggest
K：You could try learning a new language，learning to dance or learning to paint...anything that takes you 8. .
P：Great.Can we have our next caller，please？Hi，John，what’s your question，please
J：Oh，hi.I’ve got some big exams coming up next month，and I was just wondering if there are 9. that are good for the brain.What do you suggest
outside your comfort zone
certain foods
K：Great question.Your diet can definitely improve your brain health.If your brain has the correct fuel，it can work at its best.One thing you can do is to 10. .Foods that help the brain are
11. ：fruit，vegetables，and so on.It might also be a good idea to 12. of Omega-3 fats，which are an important brain food.These are found in food like 13. .
P：Great advice.And finally，can we hear from Bella
B：Oh，hello.My question is about physical exercise.Is there any 14._________
that can improve the health of my brain？What should I do
cut down on junk food
natural foods
increase your intake
oily fish and eggs
particular
kind of exercise
K：I advise you to do exercise that is good for 15. ，such as walking and running.These kinds of exercise increase the amount of
16. ，which is also good for the brain.
P：Fascinating stuff.Join us after the break...
返 回
your heart
oxygen in the blood
语言知识梳理
(＝be made up of＝be comprised of＝be composed of)由……组成(或构成)(consistent adj.一致的；连续的)
1
consist of
·consist in在于；存在于
·be consistent with...与……一致
注意：consist of没有进行时态和被动语态；make up意为“组成，构成”。
(1)Keep in mind that our ideal life is not always (consist) with the reality.
consistent
(2)(读后续写之升华句)大家都知道，生活中不仅有阳光，还有风雨。
①It is universally acknowledged that ______________________
.
②It is universally acknowledged that ______________________
.
写作佳句
life consists of/is made up of not only sunshine but also storms
not only sunshine but also storms make up life
vt.包含；容纳；控制，抑制(感情) (container n.容器；集装箱；货柜)
2
contain
contain one’s anger/disappointment/curiosity/feelings克制自己的愤怒/失望/好奇/情感
contain oneself控制自己；自制
(1)(读后续写之愤怒心理描写)他无法控制自己的愤怒，转过身来怒吼，“到底是谁干的？”
，he turned around and roared angrily，“Who on earth did it？”
(2)(读后续写之喜悦心理描写)领奖时，那名年轻的参加者高兴得无法控制自己，笑得合不拢嘴。
When taking up the prize，the young participant ____________
for joy，grinning from ear to ear.
写作佳句
Unable to contain his anger
couldn’t
contain himself
vi.& vt.找出……的准确位置(located adj.位于location n.位置)
3
locate
be located in/on/at位于，坐落在
(1)It was nearly a week before the rescue team found the (locate) of the crashed plane.
location
(2)(话题写作之网络的利弊)在互联网上，我们可以快速且容易地找到细节，核查事实，而无需记住它们。
On the Internet， ，and check facts，without keeping them in mind.
(3)(应用文写作之景点介绍)青岛位于山东东部海岸，气候宜人。
，Qingdao enjoys a pleasant climate.
写作佳句
we can quickly and easily locate the details
Located in east coast of Shandong Province
(4)(2022·浙江6月，应用文写作)位于学校图书馆一楼的小组自习室吸引着我们学生。
The Group Study Room __________________________________
attracts us students.
返 回
(which/that is) located on the first floor of the school library
训练3
1.Unable to contain her (冲动)，she stared at the man angrily.
2.When the needle enters the red (地带) the engine is too hot.
3.He ate at least 5 meals a day，including much (垃圾食品).
4.It’s only a (纵横字谜) that helps increase my vocabulary.
5.Two (原子) of hydrogen combine with one atom of oxygen to form a molecule of water.
6.I was going to have a go at parachuting but lost my at the last minute.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
impulse
zone
junk food
crossword
atoms
nerve
7.I couldn’t my anger and sadness when I heard my pet dog got poisoned.
8.It is crucial to reduce your daily of salt to bring down your blood pressure.
9. in the central district，the Xi’an Hotel offers the best service with the lowest price.
10.To do CPR，you press on the sick person’s chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to .
contain
intake
Located
organs
1.Most supermarkets sell a range of (organ) products.
2.The first thing he looked at was his office’s (locate).
3.The advantage of this study zone consists its mere quietness，which helps students concentrate better.
4.Her (nerve) smile couldn’t hide the mixed emotions she felt—excitement about the performance and fear of making mistakes.
5.In the future，people may heat their homes with (atom) power.
6.She couldn’t contain (she) when she heard her mother passed away.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
organic
location
in
nervous
atomic
herself
7.The museum is located a park surrounded by a number of beautiful buildings.
8.Our English teacher received a lot of flowers during the festival，some roses (include).
9.While all of these countries face their own challenges，there are a number of (consist) themes.
10.Listening is thus an active，not a passive，behavior consisting ______
hearing，understanding and remembering.
in
included
consistent
of
A
How often have you wondered what the boy sitting across from you on the bus is really thinking？It seems that you will never really know for sure.After all，the content of our thoughts is unperceivable to anyone else.
Neuroscience(神经科学) research into how we think and what we’re thinking makes it possible to watch directly into the brain to read out the physical make-up of our thoughts，some would say to read our minds.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述科学的发展会让人们知道别人的头脑里在想什么。
The technology that is changing what once was impossible in science into just plain science is a specialized use of MRI scanning(扫描) called “functional MRI”，fMRI for short.It makes it possible to see what’s going on inside the brain while people are thinking.
What neuroscientist Marcel Just and his colleagues have done is combine fMRI’s ability to look at the brain in action with computer science’s new power to sort through massive amounts of data.The goal is to see if they could identify exactly what happens in the brain when people think specific thoughts.
They did an experiment where they asked subjects to think about ten objects—five of them tools like scissors or rulers，and five of them buildings like castles or towers.They then recorded and analyzed the activity in the subjects’ brains for each.
When we think “ruler” or “tower” for example，Just says neurons start firing at varying levels of intensity(强度)in different areas throughout the brain.“And we found that we could identify which object they were thinking about from their brain activation patterns(激活模式).We’re identifying the thought that’s taking place，” he said.
FMRI scanning has already been used to try to figure out what we want to buy and how to sell it to us.It’s a new field called “neuromarketing”.One of its pioneers，Gemma Calvert，says it’s a growing field.“What we’ve seen is a sort of snowballing effect over the last few years.”
1.Which can best replace the underlined word “unperceivable” in paragraph 1
A.Definite. B.Professional.
C.Various. D.Secret.
√
词义猜测题。根据第一段的“It seems that you will never really know for sure.After all，the content of our thoughts is unperceivable to anyone else.”可知，我们在思考什么别人是无法察觉的，即对别人而言是秘密的，因此secret(秘密的)可以替代画线词。故选D。
解析
2.What is fMRI used to do
A.Observe your physical activities.
B.Introduce plain science to the public.
C.Figure out what you are thinking about.
D.Find out how your brain is made up of.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段的“It makes it possible to see what’s going on inside the brain while people are thinking.”可知，fMRI是被用来弄清楚你在想什么的。故选C。
解析
3.What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A.The process of an experiment.
B.The objects used in the experiment.
C.The major findings of the research.
D.The subjects involved in the research.
√
段落大意题。根据第五段“They did an experiment where they asked subjects to think about ten objects...They then recorded and analyzed...”可知，本段主要讲述的是一项实验的过程。故选A。
解析
4.What does Gemma Calvert think of neuromarketing
A.Fruitless. B.Promising.
C.Challenging. D.Unpredictable.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“One of its pioneers，Gemma Calvert，says it’s a growing field.‘What we’ve seen is a sort of snowballing effect over the last few years.’” 可知，Gemma Calvert认为“神经营销”是有前景的。故选B项。
解析
B
Researchers have made a digital map showing a tiny piece of a human brain in unknown detail.The map represents a cubic millimeter of brain—an area about half the size of a grain of rice.But even that tiny part is overflowing with a large amount of information—containing about 57,000 cells,230 millimeters of blood vessels and 150 million synapses(突触)，the connections between neurons(神经元).
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究人员制作了一张人脑的一小部分的详细数字地图，这张地图已经为研究人员带来了一些意想不到的发现。
The researchers published their findings in a journal.They have made the data set freely available online and provided tools for analyzing it.“In one respect，our data set is tiny，” Jeff Lichtman，a co-author of the study，says.“But it doesn’t feel small，because when you get in it，you see it’s like a huge forest.”
For the new paper，the researchers turned to a piece of brain tissue from a person with epilepsy(癫痫).The data has already brought some unexpected findings for the researchers.For instance，they found some rare sites where neurons were connected by more than 50 synapses.This is incredibly uncommon—more than 96 percent of connections between neurons have just one synapse，and more than 99 percent have three or fewer synapses.
“These strong connections might show what learning looks like in the brain，” Lichtman assumes.They represent behaviors so well-practiced that they require almost no thought at all，such as moving your foot from the accelerator to the brake when stopping a car.However，he thinks while the tissue sample didn’t have any evidence of disease，they can’t be certain whether these surprises are in some way related to the person’s epilepsy or treatments.Studying other tissue samples could give them a clearer idea.
Next，the researchers would like to map a mouse’s brain.But in the meantime，the human statistics they currently have will push other researchers to learn more about the human brain，especially its unknown areas.
5.What does the digital map created by the researchers show
A.Mainly the huge synapses.
B.The entire network of neurons.
C.Various aspect of the human brain.
D.Detailed information about a small brain area.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段前两句“Researchers have made a digital map showing...detail.The map represents a cubic millimeter of brain—an area about half the size of a grain of rice.”可知，研究人员创建的数字地图显示了大脑一小部分的详细信息。故选D。
解析
6.How does paragraph 3 illustrate the rarity of these sites
A.By listing data.
B.By citing papers.
C.By making an assumption.
D.By describing a phenomenon.
√
推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“For instance，they found some rare sites...more than 96 percent of connections between neurons have just one synapse，and more than 99 percent have three or fewer synapses.”可知，作者通过列举数据来说明这些点位的稀有性。故选A。
解析
7.What is Lichtman’s attitude to the findings
A.Grateful. B.Cautious.
C.Critical. D.Indifferent.
√
观点态度题。根据文章第四段中“However，he thinks while...they can’t be certain whether these surprises are in some way related to the person’s epilepsy or treatments.”可知，Lichtman对于这些发现持谨慎态度。故选B。
解析
8.What can we learn about the effect of the research from the last paragraph
A.It is expected. B.It is inspiring.
C.It is unknown. D.It is confusing.
√
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“But in the meantime，the human statistics they currently have will push other researchers to learn more about the human brain，especially its unknown areas.”可推知，这项研究的效果是鼓舞人心的，故选B。
解析
Sheela’s 93-year-old grandpa suffers from Alzheimer’s and has lost his memory.
Ⅳ.完形填空
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Sheela的祖父罹患阿尔茨海默病，甚至忘记了孙女是谁。某个下午Sheela来照看祖父，偶然弹起了钢琴，竟然打动了祖父。
He’s unable to 1 her name and her relationship with him and constantly asks the same 2 questions.
1.A.assess B.remind
C.inquire D.recall
2.A.complicated B.relevant
C.routine D.crucial
√
√
1.assess评估；remind提醒；inquire询问；recall回忆起。根据“Sheela’s 93-year-old grandpa suffers from Alzheimer’s and has lost his memory.”可知，老人罹患阿尔茨海默病、丧失记忆力，由此可知，这里应表示老人想不起孙女的名字。故选D。
2.complicated复杂的；relevant相关的；routine日常的，乏味的；crucial关键的。根据“has lost his memory”可知，祖父的记忆力退化，所以会经常重复关于琐碎日常的、无聊的问题。故选C。
解析
But the music provides a(n) 3 for the two—a shared moment of pleasure.Though Sheela demonstrates rare musical skills，yet she didn’t expect music had such great magic as to 4 Grandpa with severe Alzheimer’s disease.
3.A.connection B.evidence
C.explanation D.judgment
4.A.relax B.stick
C.touch D.satisfy
√
√
3.connection联系；evidence证据；explanation解释；judgment评价。根据下文“a shared moment of pleasure”可知，音乐让两个人又有了短暂的接触、联系。故选A。
4.relax使放松；stick粘贴；touch触动；satisfy使满意。由后文“Attracted by the fantastic music”可知，音乐的魅力触动了祖父，这是Sheela以前预想不到的。故选C。
解析
That afternoon，Sheela was asked to 5 Grandpa owing to her mother’s absence.But absolutely 6 by Grandpa，Sheela felt bored.
5.A.believe in B.watch over
C.watch out D.make out
6.A.suspected B.misunderstood
C.interrupted D.ignored
√
√
5.believe in相信；watch over照看；watch out当心；make out辨认出。根据“owing to her mother’s absence”可知，母亲不在，Sheela被要求照看爷爷。故选B。
6.suspect怀疑；misunderstand误解；interrupt打断；ignore忽视。根据第一段中“He’s unable to her name and her relationship with him”和空后的“bored”可推知，Sheela感到无聊是因为失去记忆的爷爷完全忽视了她。故选D。
解析
Pacing 7 ，she saw a piano in a corner that remained 8 for years.Sheela opened it and began to play a piece by Chopin.
7.A.coldly B.cheerfully
C.restlessly D.bravely
8.A.unimportant B.untidy
C.untouched D.undefined
√
√
7.coldly冷漠地，冷淡地；cheerfully高兴地；restlessly不安地；bravely勇敢地。根据“Sheela felt bored”可知，Sheela因为无聊在房间里焦躁不安地走来走去。故选C。
8.unimportant不重要的；untidy不整洁的；untouched没有被动过的；undefined未被定义的。根据“for years”可知，钢琴已经很多年没有被动过了。故选C。
解析
Attracted by the fantastic music，Grandpa got out of his bedroom and slowly 9 the piano，his eyes shining brilliantly and a pleased smile climbing from his mouth.He seemed to be completely absorbed in the beautiful 10 .
9.A.approached B.played
C.dragged D.accompanied
10.A.story B.tune
C.tone D.greeting
√
√
9.approach走近；play弹奏，玩；drag拖；accompany陪伴。根据“Grandpa got out of his bedroom”可知，祖父被Sheela的琴声吸引，走出卧室自然是来到了钢琴旁边。故选A。
10.story故事；tune曲调，调子；tone语气；greeting问候。根据“Attracted by the fantastic music，Grandpa got out of his bedroom”可知，他被钢琴的曲调吸引并且完全陶醉其中了。故选B。
解析
After she finished，Grandpa even gave her the 11 up on her performance.Sheela was moved to tears by Grandpa’s 12 .Grandpa then made his way to his armchair，closed his eyes in peace and fell asleep soon.The moment was all too brief but quite 13 .
11.A.head B.hand
C.leg D.thumb
12.A.sympathy B.approval
C.signal D.promise
13.A.content B.familiar
C.natural D.precious
√
√
√
11.head头；hand手；leg腿；thumb大拇指。根据上文“his eyes shining brilliantly and a pleased smile climbing from his mouth”可知，爷爷对她的表演很喜欢，对她竖起了大拇指。故选D。
12.sympathy同情；approval认可；signal信号；promise承诺，保证。根据上文“After she finished，Grandpa even gave her the up on her performance.”可知，这里指Sheela为得到祖父的认可而感动。故选B。
13.content满足的；familiar熟悉的；natural自然的；precious珍贵的。根据上文“He’s unable to her name and her relationship with him”可知，祖父本已忘掉Sheela，但在此时祖孙两人通过音乐又建立起了联系，实在是无比珍贵。故选D。
解析
Sheela shared the experience online and urged people to 14 the present：“Make space for love and treasure the present moment with your loved ones.” Now Sheela has her eye on what does 15 ！
14.A.appreciate B.preserve
C.change D.outlook
15.A.exist B.last
C.count D.occur
√
√
14.appreciate欣赏，重视；preserve保护，保存；change改变；outlook展望。对应下一句中的“treasure the present moment”，Sheela想表达的是珍惜、重视当下。故选A。
15.exist存在；last持续；count重要；occur发生。由上文“Make space for love and treasure the present moment with your loved ones.”可知，Sheela已经明白享受与所爱之人在一起的时光是真正重要、有意义的事情。故选C。
解析
返 回
本课结束Section Ⅲ　Lesson 2
Ⅰ.听力填空(精听训练)
Listen to the lecture on P56 and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
Right，the topic of today’s lecture is “The Brain”．Well，the brain is an 1.absolutely amazing organ.It consists of 2.grey and white matter.It weighs just over a kilo—just imagine that，like a kilo of potatoes.But this is a very special kilo.It uses 3.twenty percent of the body’s energy and it contains over one hundred billion cells.
One hundred billion cells！These make up 4.nerve cells，which are connected by electrical impulses.The brain 5.sends messages using electrical impulses，the same way as a computer works.But there are more possible connections in one brain than there are atoms in the universe.Just think about that again.There are more possible connections in your brain than there are atoms in the universe.Amazing，isn’t it？Makes a normal computer look simple，doesn’t it
So，what do we know about this organ called “the brain”？Scientists who study the brain have learnt a lot about it in the last ten years.Like explorers exploring the world，they’ve found that there are 6.different areas in the brain and these areas are responsible for 7.different functions.We now know which parts of the brain are related to different parts of our body and feelings from them.A good example of this can be seen in people who have lost an arm or a leg 8.in an accident.Though they don’t have an arm or a leg，they can still 9.have feelings from it，like pain.Incredible，isn’t it
You also have different areas for different kinds of 10.thinking.For example，you have one area for your first language and another area for a foreign language that you learn when you are older.Interesting，isn’t it？...But even more interesting than locating different areas of the brain is...
Ⅱ.选择填空(高考形式)
Listen to the student phone-in programme on P57 and choose the best answer.
1．What is the main focus of the discussion on Healthy Living
A．Different types of diets.
B．Physical exercise routines.
C．Means to improve brain health.
答案　C
2．What does Professor Kim suggest to improve one’s memory
A．Only learning a new language.
B．Trying new and challenging activities.
C．Just doing crossword puzzles and quizzes.
答案　B
3．What problem does John have
A．Whether there are foods good for the brain.
B．Whether brain exercises work for memory.
C．Whether there is any exercise that can improve the health of his brain.
答案　A
Ⅲ.听力填空(精听训练)
Listen to the student phone-in programme on P57 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
(P＝Presenter　K＝Professor Kim　A＝Anna　J＝John　B＝Bella)
P：Good morning and welcome to Healthy Living.This morning we’re here to discuss 1.the brain.This is Professor Kim，a brain expert.Welcome，Professor.
K：Thank you for having me.
P：Let’s turn to our first caller now.Anna，are you there？What would you like to ask Professor Kim
A：Oh hi，good morning.Yes，I’ve noticed that 2.my memory isn’t as good as it used to be，and I’ve read about 3.brain exercises—you know，crossword puzzles，games，quizzes，that kind of thing.But do they really work？Should I try them
P：What’s your advice，Professor Kim
K：Well，the answer is yes and no.4.Puzzles and games are good for us to keep our brain active.However，to really exercise the brain，you need to 5.challenge it.That means doing 6.something new，something that perhaps you are not good at.This keeps the brain 7.flexible and helps improve memory.
P：So what kinds of activities do you suggest
K：You could try learning a new language，learning to dance or learning to paint...anything that takes you 8.outside your comfort zone.
P：Great.Can we have our next caller，please？Hi，John，what’s your question，please
J：Oh，hi.I’ve got some big exams coming up next month，and I was just wondering if there are 9.certain foods that are good for the brain.What do you suggest
K：Great question.Your diet can definitely improve your brain health.If your brain has the correct fuel，it can work at its best.One thing you can do is to 10.cut down on junk food.Foods that help the brain are 11.natural foods：fruit，vegetables，and so on.It might also be a good idea to 12.increase your intake of Omega-3 fats，which are an important brain food.These are found in food like 13.oily fish and eggs.
P：Great advice.And finally，can we hear from Bella
B：Oh，hello.My question is about physical exercise.Is there any 14.particular kind of exercise that can improve the health of my brain？What should I do
K：I advise you to do exercise that is good for 15.your heart，such as walking and running.These kinds of exercise increase the amount of 16.oxygen in the blood，which is also good for the brain.
P：Fascinating stuff.Join us after the break...
consist of (＝be made up of＝be comprised of＝be composed of)由……组成(或构成)(consistent adj.一致的；连续的)
·consist in在于；存在于
·be consistent with...与……一致
注意：consist of没有进行时态和被动语态；make up意为“组成，构成”。
(1)Keep in mind that our ideal life is not always consistent(consist) with the reality.
[写作佳句]
(2)(读后续写之升华句)大家都知道，生活中不仅有阳光，还有风雨。
①It is universally acknowledged that life consists of/is made up of not only sunshine but also storms.
②It is universally acknowledged that not only sunshine but also storms make up life.
contain vt.包含；容纳；控制，抑制(感情) (container n．容器；集装箱；货柜)
contain one’s anger/disappointment/curiosity/feelings克制自己的愤怒/失望/好奇/情感
contain oneself控制自己；自制
[写作佳句]
(1)(读后续写之愤怒心理描写)他无法控制自己的愤怒，转过身来怒吼，“到底是谁干的？”
Unable to contain his anger，he turned around and roared angrily，“Who on earth did it？”
(2)(读后续写之喜悦心理描写)领奖时，那名年轻的参加者高兴得无法控制自己，笑得合不拢嘴。
When taking up the prize，the young participant couldn’t contain himself for joy，grinning from ear to ear.
locate vi.& vt.找出……的准确位置(located adj.位于location n．位置)
be located in/on/at位于，坐落在
(1)It was nearly a week before the rescue team found the location(locate) of the crashed plane.
[写作佳句]
(2)(话题写作之网络的利弊)在互联网上，我们可以快速且容易地找到细节，核查事实，而无需记住它们。
On the Internet，we can quickly and easily locate the details，and check facts，without keeping them in mind.
(3)(应用文写作之景点介绍)青岛位于山东东部海岸，气候宜人。
Located in east coast of Shandong Province，Qingdao enjoys a pleasant climate.
(4)(2022·浙江6月，应用文写作)位于学校图书馆一楼的小组自习室吸引着我们学生。
The Group Study Room (which/that is) located on the first floor of the school library attracts us students.
训练3　Lesson 2
[分值：60分]
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
1．Unable to contain her impulse(冲动)，she stared at the man angrily.
2．When the needle enters the red zone(地带) the engine is too hot.
3．He ate at least 5 meals a day，including much junk food(垃圾食品)．
4．It’s only a crossword(纵横字谜) that helps increase my vocabulary.
5．Two atoms(原子) of hydrogen combine with one atom of oxygen to form a molecule of water.
6．I was going to have a go at parachuting but lost my nerve at the last minute.
7．I couldn’t contain my anger and sadness when I heard my pet dog got poisoned.
8．It is crucial to reduce your daily intake of salt to bring down your blood pressure.
9．Located in the central district，the Xi’an Hotel offers the best service with the lowest price.
10．To do CPR，you press on the sick person’s chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．Most supermarkets sell a range of organic(organ) products.
2．The first thing he looked at was his office’s location(locate)．
3．The advantage of this study zone consists in its mere quietness，which helps students concentrate better.
4．Her nervous(nerve) smile couldn’t hide the mixed emotions she felt—excitement about the performance and fear of making mistakes.
5．In the future，people may heat their homes with atomic(atom) power.
6．She couldn’t contain herself(she) when she heard her mother passed away.
7．The museum is located in a park surrounded by a number of beautiful buildings.
8．Our English teacher received a lot of flowers during the festival，some roses included(include)．
9．While all of these countries face their own challenges，there are a number of consistent(consist) themes.
10．Listening is thus an active，not a passive，behavior consisting of hearing，understanding and remembering.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
How often have you wondered what the boy sitting across from you on the bus is really thinking？It seems that you will never really know for sure.After all，the content of our thoughts is unperceivable to anyone else.
Neuroscience(神经科学) research into how we think and what we’re thinking makes it possible to watch directly into the brain to read out the physical make-up of our thoughts，some would say to read our minds.
The technology that is changing what once was impossible in science into just plain science is a specialized use of MRI scanning(扫描) called “functional MRI”，fMRI for short.It makes it possible to see what’s going on inside the brain while people are thinking.
What neuroscientist Marcel Just and his colleagues have done is combine fMRI’s ability to look at the brain in action with computer science’s new power to sort through massive amounts of data.The goal is to see if they could identify exactly what happens in the brain when people think specific thoughts.
They did an experiment where they asked subjects to think about ten objects—five of them tools like scissors or rulers，and five of them buildings like castles or towers.They then recorded and analyzed the activity in the subjects’ brains for each.
When we think “ruler” or “tower” for example，Just says neurons start firing at varying levels of intensity(强度)in different areas throughout the brain.“And we found that we could identify which object they were thinking about from their brain activation patterns(激活模式)．We’re identifying the thought that’s taking place，” he said.
FMRI scanning has already been used to try to figure out what we want to buy and how to sell it to us.It’s a new field called “neuromarketing”．One of its pioneers，Gemma Calvert，says it’s a growing field.“What we’ve seen is a sort of snowballing effect over the last few years.”
语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述科学的发展会让人们知道别人的头脑里在想什么。
1．Which can best replace the underlined word “unperceivable” in paragraph 1
A．Definite. B．Professional.
C．Various. D．Secret.
答案　D
解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段的“It seems that you will never really know for sure.After all，the content of our thoughts is unperceivable to anyone else.”可知，我们在思考什么别人是无法察觉的，即对别人而言是秘密的，因此secret(秘密的)可以替代画线词。故选D。
2．What is fMRI used to do
A．Observe your physical activities.
B．Introduce plain science to the public.
C．Figure out what you are thinking about.
D．Find out how your brain is made up of.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“It makes it possible to see what’s going on inside the brain while people are thinking.”可知，fMRI是被用来弄清楚你在想什么的。故选C。
3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．The process of an experiment.
B．The objects used in the experiment.
C．The major findings of the research.
D．The subjects involved in the research.
答案　A
解析　段落大意题。根据第五段“They did an experiment where they asked subjects to think about ten objects...They then recorded and analyzed...”可知，本段主要讲述的是一项实验的过程。故选A。
4．What does Gemma Calvert think of neuromarketing
A．Fruitless. B．Promising.
C．Challenging. D．Unpredictable.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“One of its pioneers，Gemma Calvert，says it’s a growing field.‘What we’ve seen is a sort of snowballing effect over the last few years.’” 可知，Gemma Calvert认为“神经营销”是有前景的。故选B项。
B
Researchers have made a digital map showing a tiny piece of a human brain in unknown detail.The map represents a cubic millimeter of brain—an area about half the size of a grain of rice.But even that tiny part is overflowing with a large amount of information—containing about 57,000 cells,230 millimeters of blood vessels and 150 million synapses(突触)，the connections between neurons(神经元)．
The researchers published their findings in a journal.They have made the data set freely available online and provided tools for analyzing it.“In one respect，our data set is tiny，” Jeff Lichtman，a co-author of the study，says.“But it doesn’t feel small，because when you get in it，you see it’s like a huge forest.”
For the new paper，the researchers turned to a piece of brain tissue from a person with epilepsy(癫痫)．The data has already brought some unexpected findings for the researchers.For instance，they found some rare sites where neurons were connected by more than 50 synapses.This is incredibly uncommon—more than 96 percent of connections between neurons have just one synapse，and more than 99 percent have three or fewer synapses.
“These strong connections might show what learning looks like in the brain，” Lichtman assumes.They represent behaviors so well-practiced that they require almost no thought at all，such as moving your foot from the accelerator to the brake when stopping a car.However，he thinks while the tissue sample didn’t have any evidence of disease，they can’t be certain whether these surprises are in some way related to the person’s epilepsy or treatments.Studying other tissue samples could give them a clearer idea.
Next，the researchers would like to map a mouse’s brain.But in the meantime，the human statistics they currently have will push other researchers to learn more about the human brain，especially its unknown areas.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究人员制作了一张人脑的一小部分的详细数字地图，这张地图已经为研究人员带来了一些意想不到的发现。
5．What does the digital map created by the researchers show
A．Mainly the huge synapses.
B．The entire network of neurons.
C．Various aspect of the human brain.
D．Detailed information about a small brain area.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段前两句“Researchers have made a digital map showing...detail.The map represents a cubic millimeter of brain—an area about half the size of a grain of rice.”可知，研究人员创建的数字地图显示了大脑一小部分的详细信息。故选D。
6．How does paragraph 3 illustrate the rarity of these sites
A．By listing data.
B．By citing papers.
C．By making an assumption.
D．By describing a phenomenon.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“For instance，they found some rare sites...more than 96 percent of connections between neurons have just one synapse，and more than 99 percent have three or fewer synapses.”可知，作者通过列举数据来说明这些点位的稀有性。故选A。
7．What is Lichtman’s attitude to the findings
A．Grateful. B．Cautious.
C．Critical. D．Indifferent.
答案　B
解析　观点态度题。根据文章第四段中“However，he thinks while...they can’t be certain whether these surprises are in some way related to the person’s epilepsy or treatments.”可知，Lichtman对于这些发现持谨慎态度。故选B。
8．What can we learn about the effect of the research from the last paragraph
A．It is expected. B．It is inspiring.
C．It is unknown. D．It is confusing.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“But in the meantime，the human statistics they currently have will push other researchers to learn more about the human brain，especially its unknown areas.”可推知，这项研究的效果是鼓舞人心的，故选B。
Ⅳ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Sheela’s 93-year-old grandpa suffers from Alzheimer’s and has lost his memory.He’s unable to 1 her name and her relationship with him and constantly asks the same 2 questions.
But the music provides a(n) 3 for the two—a shared moment of pleasure.Though Sheela demonstrates rare musical skills，yet she didn’t expect music had such great magic as to 4 Grandpa with severe Alzheimer’s disease.
That afternoon，Sheela was asked to 5 Grandpa owing to her mother’s absence.But absolutely 6 by Grandpa，Sheela felt bored.Pacing 7 ，she saw a piano in a corner that remained 8 for years.Sheela opened it and began to play a piece by Chopin.Attracted by the fantastic music，Grandpa got out of his bedroom and slowly 9 the piano，his eyes shining brilliantly and a pleased smile climbing from his mouth.He seemed to be completely absorbed in the beautiful 10 .
After she finished，Grandpa even gave her the 11 up on her performance.Sheela was moved to tears by Grandpa’s 12 .Grandpa then made his way to his armchair，closed his eyes in peace and fell asleep soon.The moment was all too brief but quite 13 .
Sheela shared the experience online and urged people to 14 the present：“Make space for love and treasure the present moment with your loved ones.” Now Sheela has her eye on what does 15 ！
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Sheela的祖父罹患阿尔茨海默病，甚至忘记了孙女是谁。某个下午Sheela来照看祖父，偶然弹起了钢琴，竟然打动了祖父。
1．A.assess B．remind
C．inquire D．recall
答案　D
解析　assess评估；remind提醒；inquire询问；recall回忆起。根据“Sheela’s 93-year-old grandpa suffers from Alzheimer’s and has lost his memory.”可知，老人罹患阿尔茨海默病、丧失记忆力，由此可知，这里应表示老人想不起孙女的名字。故选D。
2．A.complicated B．relevant
C．routine D．crucial
答案　C
解析　complicated复杂的；relevant相关的；routine日常的，乏味的；crucial关键的。根据“has lost his memory”可知，祖父的记忆力退化，所以会经常重复关于琐碎日常的、无聊的问题。故选C。
3．A.connection B．evidence
C．explanation D．judgment
答案　A
解析　connection联系；evidence证据；explanation解释；judgment评价。根据下文“a shared moment of pleasure”可知，音乐让两个人又有了短暂的接触、联系。故选A。
4．A.relax B．stick
C．touch D．satisfy
答案　C
解析　relax使放松；stick粘贴；touch触动；satisfy使满意。由后文“Attracted by the fantastic music”可知，音乐的魅力触动了祖父，这是Sheela以前预想不到的。故选C。
5．A.believe in B．watch over
C．watch out D．make out
答案　B
解析　believe in相信；watch over照看；watch out当心；make out辨认出。根据“owing to her mother’s absence”可知，母亲不在，Sheela被要求照看爷爷。故选B。
6．A.suspected B．misunderstood
C．interrupted D．ignored
答案　D
解析　suspect怀疑；misunderstand误解；interrupt打断；ignore忽视。根据第一段中“He’s unable to her name and her relationship with him”和空后的“bored”可推知，Sheela感到无聊是因为失去记忆的爷爷完全忽视了她。故选D。
7．A.coldly B．cheerfully
C．restlessly D．bravely
答案　C
解析　coldly冷漠地，冷淡地；cheerfully高兴地；restlessly不安地；bravely勇敢地。根据“Sheela felt bored”可知，Sheela因为无聊在房间里焦躁不安地走来走去。故选C。
8．A.unimportant B．untidy
C．untouched D．undefined
答案　C
解析　unimportant不重要的；untidy不整洁的；untouched没有被动过的；undefined未被定义的。根据“for years”可知，钢琴已经很多年没有被动过了。故选C。
9．A.approached B．played
C．dragged D．accompanied
答案　A
解析　approach走近；play弹奏，玩；drag拖；accompany陪伴。根据“Grandpa got out of his bedroom”可知，祖父被Sheela的琴声吸引，走出卧室自然是来到了钢琴旁边。故选A。
10．A.story B．tune
C．tone D．greeting
答案　B
解析　story故事；tune曲调，调子；tone语气；greeting问候。根据“Attracted by the fantastic music，Grandpa got out of his bedroom”可知，他被钢琴的曲调吸引并且完全陶醉其中了。故选B。
11．A.head B．hand
C．leg D．thumb
答案　D
解析　head头；hand手；leg腿；thumb大拇指。根据上文“his eyes shining brilliantly and a pleased smile climbing from his mouth”可知，爷爷对她的表演很喜欢，对她竖起了大拇指。故选D。
12．A.sympathy B．approval
C．signal D．promise
答案　B
解析　sympathy同情；approval认可；signal信号；promise承诺，保证。根据上文“After she finished，Grandpa even gave her the up on her performance.”可知，这里指Sheela为得到祖父的认可而感动。故选B。
13．A.content B．familiar
C．natural D．precious
答案　D
解析　content满足的；familiar熟悉的；natural自然的；precious珍贵的。根据上文“He’s unable to her name and her relationship with him”可知，祖父本已忘掉Sheela，但在此时祖孙两人通过音乐又建立起了联系，实在是无比珍贵。故选D。
14．A.appreciate B．preserve
C．change D．outlook
答案　A
解析　appreciate欣赏，重视；preserve保护，保存；change改变；outlook展望。对应下一句中的“treasure the present moment”，Sheela想表达的是珍惜、重视当下。故选A。
15．A.exist B．last
C．count D．occur
答案　C
解析　exist存在；last持续；count重要；occur发生。由上文“Make space for love and treasure the present moment with your loved ones.”可知，Sheela已经明白享受与所爱之人在一起的时光是真正重要、有意义的事情。故选C。

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