资源简介

(共67张PPT)
HUMAN BIOLOGY
UNIT 9
Section Ⅵ
Reading Club
内容索引
Part 1　课文泛读理解
Part 2　语言知识梳理
训练5
课文泛读理解
Ⅰ.Read Reading Club 1 on P65，and choose the best answer.
1.What can we know about TCM according to the text
A.It is only related to helping well-being.
B.It is a system of medical care with a long history.
C.It ignores the combination of body and mind.
D.It doesn’t work well in the prevention and treatment of diseases.
√
2.Which is the belief of TCM
A.The harmony of yin and yang is not important.
B.The human body is compared to a large universe.
C.During an illness，five elements stay unchanged.
D.Qi flows through the body and plays an important part in keeping
people healthy.
√
3.What is most likely to be recommended if a person wants to relieve the pain in the lower back
A.Diet.
B.Breathing and movement exercises.
C.Acupuncture.
D.Herbal medicine.
√
4.Where can the text be found
A.In a novel.
B.In a biography.
C.In a health magazine.
D.In a travel brochure.
√
Ⅱ.Read Reading Club 2 on P66－67，and choose the best answer.
1.What is the text mainly talking about
A.DNA detectives have been used in other aspects.
B.The beneficial use of DNA detectives in medicine.
C.The course of the search for your ancestor’s DNA.
D.Criminals find no place to hide due to DNA detectives.
√
2.Which is the right order of finding the modern murderer who killed Melanie Road
①The police worked through a database of 12,000 male names.
②The police questioned several suspects.
③The police found the woman was the daughter of the killer.
④A woman’s DNA was proved to match the murderer’s DNA profile.
A.①②④③ B.②①④③
C.②③①④ D.③④②①
√
3.How did the scientists identify Copernicus’ skull
A.By comparing the skull with Copernicus’ self-portrait.
B.By finding genetic material of his close relatives.
C.By matching the DNA of the skull with that of his hairs found in a book.
D.By revealing the color of his eyes.
√
4.What is other scientists’ attitude towards the discovery of Copernicus’ grave
A.Doubtful. B.Uninterested.
C.Favorable. D.Positive.
√
返 回
语言知识梳理
vt.识别，认出；确定(identification n.识别；身份证明)
1
identify
identify with sb(在某方面)认同某人
identify...with...认为……等同于……
identify...as...确认……是……
(1)I found it hard to identify any of the characters in the fiction.
(2)Can I see some (identify)，please
with
identification
(3)永远不要以貌取人。认为美丽的外表等同于好人是错误的。
Never judge a book by its cover.It is wrong __________________
.
写作佳句
to identify good appearance with a kind person
n.(犯罪)嫌疑人，可疑分子 vt.& vi.怀疑；不信任 (suspicion n.怀疑；疑心 suspicious adj.怀疑的；可疑的)
2
suspect
·suspect sb of doing sth怀疑某人做过某事
suspect...to be...怀疑……是……
·be suspicious of/about...对……怀疑
(1)What the salesman said sounded convincing，but I suspected it ______
(be) a lie.
to be
(2)(读后续写之悲伤心理描写)He suspected me of (steal) the old woman’s gold ring and even my best friend was (suspect) about my personal qualities，so I buried my face in my hands，sobbing uncontrollably.
stealing
suspicious
(3)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)我担心地看了老师一眼，低声说：“我确实怀疑自己的写作能力。”
I cast a worried look at my teacher，murmuring，“____________
.”
写作佳句
返 回
I do suspect
my ability in writing
训练5
1.The physicist set up a few (数据库) to save information.
2.Some people need to take vitamin and (矿物质) supplements.
3.Searching for one man in this big city is like looking for a (针) in a haystack.
4.The witness to the accident said that the (受害者) was injured by a falling object.
5.Profits have risen by 15 percent compared with the (相应的) period last year.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
databases
mineral
needle
victim
corresponding
6.I think this is a which calls for our great concern.
7.Scientists have thousands of known ant species around the world.
8.The article is made up of nine ，which can be divided into four parts.
9. know that Pluto and Triton have nearly the same size，mass，and density.
10.The detective that the criminal had a weapon which could kill a person easily.
phenomenon
identified
paragraphs
Astronomers
suspected
1.The (identify) of the problem was the first step，but the reality of the situation was truly depressing.
2.At Brussels airport he fell victim pickpockets who pinched his wallet.
3.They became (suspect) about his behaviour and contacted the police.
4.I suspect the so-called poet copying others’ poems but I have no solid evidence.
5.Most people simply aren’t exercising or moving around enough to reduce the harm resulting sitting nine hours or more a day.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
identification
to
suspicious
of
from
6.People who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of
(belong).
7.In many cases，the clothes people wear identify them belonging to a particular social class.
8.Thinking (symbol) is the foundation of everything we do—we live in a symbolic world.
9.He believes that there must be a scientific explanation for these strange
(phenomenon).
10.We should cherish what we have and make good use water，electricity，paper，food，etc.
belonging
as
symbolically
phenomena
of
Forgetting names，faces，or events is a universal human experience；even those who see their minds sharp struggle with memory loss from time to time.Most consider these mental mistakes to be annoying，and they’re seen as a potentially worrisome sign of cognitive(认知) decline.But neurologist Scott Small，who studies and treats Alzheimer’s disease at Columbia University，thinks this view of forgetting is all wrong.In fact，some amount of forgetfulness is critical for our minds and relationships to function at their best.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了遗忘的重要性，太多的记忆会阻碍我们的创造力、危及心理健康。
Living in a noisy，ever-changing world，forgetting details is actually a perfect adaptation.It allows our brains to generalize.Creativity isn’t making something out of nothing.It’s making connections between already-known elements—ideas，words，visuals，or expressions—to create something new.But to make new connections，the existing connections in your mind have to be loose.If the connections between those elements are too tightly bound in our memory，there’s no room for creativity.
We’re developing drugs to protect against memory loss.But many psychologists have joked that what they want is a forgetfulness drug.Too much memory poses a challenge in any long-term relationship.Anger，hatred—they come from not being able to let go of emotional memories. People who repeatedly think of anger or fear suffer，often in loneliness.
What can we do to help our brains forget what we need to forget？One of the best ways to make sure that you don’t have a brain that’s burning too hot with bad memories is to stay socially engaged.Another thing to do is to sleep，and sleep well.Many experts have concluded that we sleep in order to forget，so it makes sense that sleep has been shown to improve creativity.If you’re short of sleep，your brain is on fire with too many memories.The brain is like a lawn of grass—you need to keep it trimmed(修剪) to make way for new memories，new connections，and new growth.
1.How do most people think of forgetfulness
A.It is critical in life.
B.It is mental disorder.
C.It is a frequent occurrence.
D.It is their annoyance.
√
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Most consider these mental mistakes to be annoying，and they’re seen as a potentially worrisome sign of cognitive (认知) decline.”可知，大多数人认为这些心理错误(即遗忘)是令人烦恼的。故选D。
解析
2.What can we learn from the second paragraph
A.Too much memory blocks our creativity.
B.Our brains can’t adapt to the ever-changing world.
C.Sleeping well contributes to improved attention.
D.Bad memory has terrible impact on our social life.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中“If the connections between those elements are too tightly bound in our memory，there’s no room for creativity.”可知，太多的记忆会阻碍我们的创造力。故选A。
解析
3.Why is the forgetfulness drug needed
A.Because various pressure makes us sleepless.
B.Because some patients forget important things.
C.Because too much memory disturbs and bothers us.
D.Because many seniors suffer from Alzheimer’s disease.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Too much memory poses a challenge in any long-term relationship.Anger，hatred—they all come from not being able to let go of emotional memories.”可知，需要遗忘药是因为太多的记忆会扰乱和困扰我们，如增加负面情绪、威胁长期关系等。故选C。
解析
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.How to Forget Past Memories
B.Why You Need to Forget Stuff
C.How to Battle with Memory Loss
D.Why Forgetfulness Enhances Creativity
√
标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要说明了遗忘的重要性，太多的记忆会阻碍我们的创造力、危及心理健康，B项(为什么你需要遗忘事情)是最好的标题。故选B。
解析
Stop Trying to Keep Up With the Joneses
It is so easy to get caught up in a never-ending circle of comparing yourself to others and yet this seldom is beneficial.
语篇解读　这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了与他人比较的弊端，并呼吁人们停止这种行为。
Ⅳ.七选五
You may have heard the expression，“ 1 ” To me，this rings true as I have found it is quite difficult to compare myself to others and feel joyful at the same time.
A.This blocks self-acceptance.
B.Comparison is the thief of joy.
C.Values are a solution to comparison.
D.This can solidify your sense of self-acceptance.
E.Comparison robs us of joy and fuels self-criticism.
F.It tells us meeting expectations will make us happier.
G.And we worry others will judge our assumed failures.
√
根据上文“You may have heard the expression”以及下文“To me，this rings true as I have found it is quite difficult to compare myself to others and feel joyful at the same time.”可知，此处应填入一句与比较和快乐相关的表达，B选项“Comparison is the thief of joy.”符合语境，故选B项。
解析
2 Typically，comparison leads to regarding others as superior to you in some ways and feeling inadequate or inferior.“I am not as successful，capable and attractive as they are.”
A.This blocks self-acceptance.
B.Comparison is the thief of joy.
C.Values are a solution to comparison.
D.This can solidify your sense of self-acceptance.
E.Comparison robs us of joy and fuels self-criticism.
F.It tells us meeting expectations will make us happier.
G.And we worry others will judge our assumed failures.
√
根据下文“Typically，comparison leads to regarding others as superior to you in some ways and feeling inadequate or inferior.”和“We use comparison as an avenue for self-criticism”可知，此段在阐述比较会带来的负面情绪，E选项“Comparison robs us of joy and fuels self-criticism.”能够很好地概括该段内容，符合语境。故选E项。
解析
“Why don’t I have what they have？” We use comparison as an avenue for self-criticism，“What’s wrong with me？I must be an inadequate loser.” 3
A.This blocks self-acceptance.
B.Comparison is the thief of joy.
C.Values are a solution to comparison.
D.This can solidify your sense of self-acceptance.
E.Comparison robs us of joy and fuels self-criticism.
F.It tells us meeting expectations will make us happier.
G.And we worry others will judge our assumed failures.
√
根据上文“We use comparison as an avenue for self-criticism，‘What’s wrong with me？I must be an inadequate loser.’”可知，自我批判阻碍了自我认可，A 选项“This blocks self-acceptance.”承接上文，符合逻辑，故选A项。
解析
We often tell ourselves we are acceptable only if we meet certain standards，and we evaluate how we measure up by looking at others.The tendency is to conclude that we are not measuring up，particularly if we have a low sense of self-worth.
4 We don’t just ask ourselves，“What’s wrong with me？” We worry what others will think：“What’s wrong with them？” The fear of rejection creates uneasiness and anxiety.
A.This blocks self-acceptance.
B.Comparison is the thief of joy.
C.Values are a solution to comparison.
D.This can solidify your sense of self-acceptance.
E.Comparison robs us of joy and fuels self-criticism.
F.It tells us meeting expectations will make us happier.
G.And we worry others will judge our assumed failures.
√
根据下文“We don’t just ask ourselves，‘What’s wrong with me？’ We worry what others will think：‘What’s wrong with them？’”可知，此处强调我们除了担心自己，还担心他人对我们的评价，G选项“And we worry others will judge our assumed failures.”引出下文内容，故选G项。
解析
Comparison could be deceptive. 5 This may be temporarily true，yet a comparison is an internal process that is ultimately based on our thoughts and sense of self，not external circumstances.We can always find something else to compare，another expectation we tell ourselves we are not meeting.
A.This blocks self-acceptance.
B.Comparison is the thief of joy.
C.Values are a solution to comparison.
D.This can solidify your sense of self-acceptance.
E.Comparison robs us of joy and fuels self-criticism.
F.It tells us meeting expectations will make us happier.
G.And we worry others will judge our assumed failures.
√
根据上文“Comparison could be deceptive.”可知，此处应说明比较具有欺骗性的原因，F选项“It tells us meeting expectations will make us happier.”符合语境，故选F项。
解析
To stop comparing ourselves to others，we have to recognize that the comparison game is unwinnable and exhausting and stop playing.
While in middle school，students seem to have one goal：to be popular.Like most thirteen-year-olds，I gave in to this need to 1 .
Ⅴ.完形填空
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要说明了作者在和父亲对话以后，开始不再关心他人对自己的看法，而是专注于自己喜欢的事物。
1.A.get away B.break up
C.set off D.fit in
√
get away离开；break up分手；set off出发；fit in融入。根据后文“I had never stopped to think about why I felt the need to settle in...”可知，作者想要融入同龄人群体。故选D。
解析
2.A.scratched B.shrugged
C.switched D.shook
3.A.simply B.unwillingly
C.consciously D.pleasantly
One afternoon，I told my father that I wanted to be popular.He looked at me and asked me why I felt that way.I 2 my shoulders and looked back into my drink.I had never stopped to think about why I felt the need to settle in...I 3 did.
√
√
2.scratch抓挠；shrug耸肩；switch转变；shake摇晃。根据后文“my shoulders”可推知此处指耸肩，故选B。
3.simply仅仅；unwillingly不情愿地；consciously有意识地；pleasantly愉快地。根据前文“I had never stopped to think about why I felt the need to settle in...”可知，作者没有想过为什么想要融入，就是想这么做。故选A。
解析
4.A.proceeded B.determined
C.pretended D.attempted
5.A.fashionable B.practical
C.unique D.elegant
6.A.sample B.souvenir
C.decoration D.must
My father 4 to tell me a story from his college days.His mother had made him several sweater vests to wear at school.These sweater vests were 5 ，but hardly “in style”.Nevertheless，they became a 6 in my father’s closet.
√
√
√
4.proceed接着，继续；determine决定；pretend假装；attempt尝试。根据后文“to tell me a story from his college days”可知，此处指父亲接着开始讲自己的故事。故选A。
5.fashionable时尚的；practical实用的；unique独特的；elegant优雅的。后文“but hardly ‘in style’”中but表示转折，结合常识可知，毛衣背心实用但不时髦。故选B。
6.sample样品；souvenir纪念品；decoration装饰；must必需品。上文“Nevertheless，they became a”中Nevertheless表示转折，说明虽然毛衣背心不时髦，但却成了父亲衣橱里的必备之物。故选D。
解析
7.A.resisting B.describing
C.sporting D.designing
8.A.depressed B.delighted
C.shocked D.disappointed
He didn’t care that he wasn’t 7 the latest fashion.In fact，he didn’t care what everyone thought of him，either.I was 8 .
√
√
7.resist抵抗；describe描述；sport故意显示，得意穿戴；design设计。根据上文“but hardly ‘in style’”和后文“the latest fashion”可知，此处指没有显示潮流。故选C。
8.depressed沮丧的；delighted高兴的；shocked震惊的；disappointed失望的。根据后文“What was even more surprising”可知，此处指作者对父亲的做法感到震惊。故选C。
解析
9.A.trend B.revolution
C.campaign D.reformation
10.A.dignity B.confidence
C.regret D.embarrassment
What was even more surprising was that by breaking with convention，my father started a 9 .What he wore became fashionable because the other students saw the 10 with which he dressed.
√
√
9.trend趋势；revolution变革；campaign运动；reformation改革。根据后文“What he wore became fashionable”可知，此处指父亲开创了一种趋势。故选A。
10.dignity尊严；confidence自信；regret后悔；embarrassment尴尬。根据上文“In fact，he didn’t care what everyone thought of him，either.”可知，其他人看到了父亲的自信。故选B。
解析
11.A.attention B.response
C.truth D.gratitude
12.A.complaining B.blaming
C.appreciating D.pleasing
As the days passed and I thought about it，I realized there might be some 11 to what my father said after all.I tried to make a change from just 12 the audience to focusing on the behavior that I really enjoyed.
√
√
11.attention注意力；response回复；truth真实性；gratitude感激。根据后文作者也开始不关心他人的看法可推知作者认为父亲说的有道理。故选C。
12.complain抱怨；blame责备；appreciate欣赏；please取悦。根据后文“to focusing on the behavior that I really enjoyed”可推知，作者从仅仅“取悦”观众，到专注于自己真正喜欢的行为。故选D。
解析
13.A.caring B.fancying
C.remembering D.imagining
14.A.satisfaction B.challenge
C.expectation D.liberation
15.A.Leaning B.Voting
C.Swimming D.Running
From then on，I found myself 13 less and less about what other people thought of me.It was a wonderful 14 ！I learned a valuable lesson in the process： 15 against the current can only make me stronger.
√
√
√
13.care关心，在意；fancy喜爱；remember记得；imagine想象。根据上文“focusing on the behavior that I really enjoyed”可知，作者越来越不在意别人的看法了。故选A。
14.satisfaction满足；challenge挑战；expectation期待；liberation解放。根据上文提到作者不再关心别人的看法而是专注自己喜欢的事情可知，这是一种奇妙的对自己的解放。故选D。
15.lean(against)靠着；vote(against)投票反对；swim(against)不随大流；run(against)违背，违反。根据后文“against the current can only make me stronger”以及作者不再取悦他人可知，此处指不随大流。故选C。
解析
Brain in a Vat(缸) is a thought experiment which asks you to imagine something really wild.Suppose a 1.______(true) smart scientist takes your brain out of your body and puts it into a container 2.________(fill) with a special liquid that keeps your brain alive.
Ⅵ.语法填空
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名为“缸中之脑”的思想实验以及该实验带来的启示。
truly
1.考查副词。修饰形容词smart应用副词，故填truly。
2.考查非谓语动词。此处fill与container构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填filled。
解析
filled
Your brain 3.____________(connect) to a super advanced computer which sends it electrical signals just like the ones you get from your senses when you are experiencing real life.
is connected
考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上下文语境可知，此处用一般现在时，brain和connect之间为被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单数，be动词用is。故填is connected。
解析
Imagine that with these signals，your brain thinks it’s still inside your body,4.________(live) your everyday life，even though it’s actually in a vat.
living
考查非谓语动词。此处live与其逻辑主语it构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填living。
解析
The 5.__________(moment) your brain imagines—from waving to a friend to eating your favorite snack—feel exactly the same 6.____ they would if you were actually doing 7.______(they).
moments
as
5.考查名词复数。根据后文from waving to a friend to eating your favorite snack可知数量大于一，应用复数形式。故填moments。
6.考查固定用法。短语the same as表示“同……一样”。故填as。
7.考查代词。作动词的宾语，应用宾格。故填them。
解析
them
And there’s no way for your brain 8._______(tell) it’s just in a vat，not in your body.
to tell
考查非谓语动词。句型there’s no way to do sth表示“没有办法做某事”。故填to tell。
解析
It’s a deep philosophical question that makes us wonder about 9._______ is known for certain.It makes us think about everything from movies and video games to the latest discoveries about our brains and minds.
what
考查宾语从句。此处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“什么”应用what。故填what。
解析
So while it’s a puzzle 10.________ a clear answer，it opens up all kinds of discussions about knowledge，the nature of reality，and what it means to be conscious.
without
考查介词。后跟名词作宾语，表示“没有”应用介词without。故填without。
解析
返 回
本课结束Section Ⅵ　Reading Club
Ⅰ.Read Reading Club 1 on P65，and choose the best answer.
1．What can we know about TCM according to the text
A．It is only related to helping well-being.
B．It is a system of medical care with a long history.
C．It ignores the combination of body and mind.
D．It doesn’t work well in the prevention and treatment of diseases.
答案　B
2．Which is the belief of TCM
A．The harmony of yin and yang is not important.
B．The human body is compared to a large universe.
C．During an illness，five elements stay unchanged.
D．Qi flows through the body and plays an important part in keeping people healthy.
答案　D
3．What is most likely to be recommended if a person wants to relieve the pain in the lower back
A．Diet.
B．Breathing and movement exercises.
C．Acupuncture.
D．Herbal medicine.
答案　C
4．Where can the text be found
A．In a novel.
B．In a biography.
C．In a health magazine.
D．In a travel brochure.
答案　C
Ⅱ.Read Reading Club 2 on P66－67，and choose the best answer.
1．What is the text mainly talking about
A．DNA detectives have been used in other aspects.
B．The beneficial use of DNA detectives in medicine.
C．The course of the search for your ancestor’s DNA.
D．Criminals find no place to hide due to DNA detectives.
答案　A
2．Which is the right order of finding the modern murderer who killed Melanie Road
①The police worked through a database of 12,000 male names.
②The police questioned several suspects.
③The police found the woman was the daughter of the killer.
④A woman’s DNA was proved to match the murderer’s DNA profile.
A．①②④③ B．②①④③
C．②③①④ D．③④②①
答案　B
3．How did the scientists identify Copernicus’ skull
A．By comparing the skull with Copernicus’ self-portrait.
B．By finding genetic material of his close relatives.
C．By matching the DNA of the skull with that of his hairs found in a book.
D．By revealing the color of his eyes.
答案　C
4．What is other scientists’ attitude towards the discovery of Copernicus’ grave
A．Doubtful. B．Uninterested.
C．Favorable. D．Positive.
答案　A
identify vt.识别，认出；确定(identification n．识别；身份证明)
identify with sb(在某方面)认同某人
identify...with...认为……等同于……
identify...as...确认……是……
(1)I found it hard to identify with any of the characters in the fiction.
(2)Can I see some identification(identify)，please
[写作佳句]
(3)永远不要以貌取人。认为美丽的外表等同于好人是错误的。
Never judge a book by its cover.It is wrong to identify good appearance with a kind person.
suspect n．(犯罪)嫌疑人，可疑分子 vt.& vi.怀疑；不信任 (suspicion n．怀疑；疑心 suspicious adj.怀疑的；可疑的)
·suspect sb of doing sth怀疑某人做过某事
suspect...to be...怀疑……是……
·be suspicious of/about...对……怀疑
(1)What the salesman said sounded convincing，but I suspected it to be(be) a lie.
(2)(读后续写之悲伤心理描写)He suspected me of stealing(steal) the old woman’s gold ring and even my best friend was suspicious(suspect) about my personal qualities，so I buried my face in my hands，sobbing uncontrollably.
[写作佳句]
(3)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)我担心地看了老师一眼，低声说：“我确实怀疑自己的写作能力。”
I cast a worried look at my teacher，murmuring，“I do suspect my ability in writing.”
训练5　Reading Club
[分值：77.5分]
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
1．The physicist set up a few databases(数据库) to save information.
2．Some people need to take vitamin and mineral(矿物质) supplements.
3．Searching for one man in this big city is like looking for a needle(针) in a haystack.
4．The witness to the accident said that the victim(受害者) was injured by a falling object.
5．Profits have risen by 15 percent compared with the corresponding(相应的) period last year.
6．I think this is a phenomenon which calls for our great concern.
7．Scientists have identified thousands of known ant species around the world.
8．The article is made up of nine paragraphs，which can be divided into four parts.
9．Astronomers know that Pluto and Triton have nearly the same size，mass，and density.
10．The detective suspected that the criminal had a weapon which could kill a person easily.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．The identification(identify) of the problem was the first step，but the reality of the situation was truly depressing.
2．At Brussels airport he fell victim to pickpockets who pinched his wallet.
3．They became suspicious(suspect) about his behaviour and contacted the police.
4．I suspect the so-called poet of copying others’ poems but I have no solid evidence.
5．Most people simply aren’t exercising or moving around enough to reduce the harm resulting from sitting nine hours or more a day.
6．People who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging(belong)．
7．In many cases，the clothes people wear identify them as belonging to a particular social class.
8．Thinking symbolically(symbol) is the foundation of everything we do—we live in a symbolic world.
9．He believes that there must be a scientific explanation for these strange phenomena (phenomenon)．
10．We should cherish what we have and make good use of water，electricity，paper，food，etc.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
Forgetting names，faces，or events is a universal human experience；even those who see their minds sharp struggle with memory loss from time to time.Most consider these mental mistakes to be annoying，and they’re seen as a potentially worrisome sign of cognitive(认知) decline.But neurologist Scott Small，who studies and treats Alzheimer’s disease at Columbia University，thinks this view of forgetting is all wrong.In fact，some amount of forgetfulness is critical for our minds and relationships to function at their best.
Living in a noisy，ever-changing world，forgetting details is actually a perfect adaptation.It allows our brains to generalize.Creativity isn’t making something out of nothing.It’s making connections between already-known elements—ideas，words，visuals，or expressions—to create something new.But to make new connections，the existing connections in your mind have to be loose.If the connections between those elements are too tightly bound in our memory，there’s no room for creativity.
We’re developing drugs to protect against memory loss.But many psychologists have joked that what they want is a forgetfulness drug.Too much memory poses a challenge in any long-term relationship.Anger，hatred—they come from not being able to let go of emotional memories.People who repeatedly think of anger or fear suffer，often in loneliness.
What can we do to help our brains forget what we need to forget？One of the best ways to make sure that you don’t have a brain that’s burning too hot with bad memories is to stay socially engaged.Another thing to do is to sleep，and sleep well.Many experts have concluded that we sleep in order to forget，so it makes sense that sleep has been shown to improve creativity.If you’re short of sleep，your brain is on fire with too many memories.The brain is like a lawn of grass—you need to keep it trimmed(修剪) to make way for new memories，new connections，and new growth.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了遗忘的重要性，太多的记忆会阻碍我们的创造力、危及心理健康。
1．How do most people think of forgetfulness
A．It is critical in life.
B．It is mental disorder.
C．It is a frequent occurrence.
D．It is their annoyance.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Most consider these mental mistakes to be annoying，and they’re seen as a potentially worrisome sign of cognitive(认知) decline.”可知，大多数人认为这些心理错误(即遗忘)是令人烦恼的。故选D。
2．What can we learn from the second paragraph
A．Too much memory blocks our creativity.
B．Our brains can’t adapt to the ever-changing world.
C．Sleeping well contributes to improved attention.
D．Bad memory has terrible impact on our social life.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“If the connections between those elements are too tightly bound in our memory，there’s no room for creativity.”可知，太多的记忆会阻碍我们的创造力。故选A。
3．Why is the forgetfulness drug needed
A．Because various pressure makes us sleepless.
B．Because some patients forget important things.
C．Because too much memory disturbs and bothers us.
D．Because many seniors suffer from Alzheimer’s disease.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Too much memory poses a challenge in any long-term relationship.Anger，hatred—they all come from not being able to let go of emotional memories.”可知，需要遗忘药是因为太多的记忆会扰乱和困扰我们，如增加负面情绪、威胁长期关系等。故选C。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．How to Forget Past Memories
B．Why You Need to Forget Stuff
C．How to Battle with Memory Loss
D．Why Forgetfulness Enhances Creativity
答案　B
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要说明了遗忘的重要性，太多的记忆会阻碍我们的创造力、危及心理健康，B项(为什么你需要遗忘事情)是最好的标题。故选B。
Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Stop Trying to Keep Up With the Joneses
It is so easy to get caught up in a never-ending circle of comparing yourself to others and yet this seldom is beneficial.You may have heard the expression，“ 1 ” To me，this rings true as I have found it is quite difficult to compare myself to others and feel joyful at the same time.
2 Typically，comparison leads to regarding others as superior to you in some ways and feeling inadequate or inferior.“I am not as successful，capable and attractive as they are.” “Why don’t I have what they have？” We use comparison as an avenue for self-criticism，“What’s wrong with me？I must be an inadequate loser.” 3
We often tell ourselves we are acceptable only if we meet certain standards，and we evaluate how we measure up by looking at others.The tendency is to conclude that we are not measuring up，particularly if we have a low sense of self-worth. 4 We don’t just ask ourselves，“What’s wrong with me？” We worry what others will think：“What’s wrong with them？” The fear of rejection creates uneasiness and anxiety.
Comparison could be deceptive. 5 This may be temporarily true，yet a comparison is an internal process that is ultimately based on our thoughts and sense of self，not external circumstances.We can always find something else to compare，another expectation we tell ourselves we are not meeting.
To stop comparing ourselves to others，we have to recognize that the comparison game is unwinnable and exhausting and stop playing.
A．This blocks self-acceptance.
B．Comparison is the thief of joy.
C．Values are a solution to comparison.
D．This can solidify your sense of self-acceptance.
E．Comparison robs us of joy and fuels self-criticism.
F．It tells us meeting expectations will make us happier.
G．And we worry others will judge our assumed failures.
语篇解读　这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了与他人比较的弊端，并呼吁人们停止这种行为。
1．答案　B
解析　根据上文“You may have heard the expression”以及下文“To me，this rings true as I have found it is quite difficult to compare myself to others and feel joyful at the same time.”可知，此处应填入一句与比较和快乐相关的表达，B选项“Comparison is the thief of joy.”符合语境，故选B项。
2．答案　E
解析　根据下文“Typically，comparison leads to regarding others as superior to you in some ways and feeling inadequate or inferior.”和“We use comparison as an avenue for self-criticism”可知，此段在阐述比较会带来的负面情绪，E选项“Comparison robs us of joy and fuels self-criticism.”能够很好地概括该段内容，符合语境。故选E项。
3．答案　A
解析　根据上文“We use comparison as an avenue for self-criticism，‘What’s wrong with me？I must be an inadequate loser.’”可知，自我批判阻碍了自我认可，A 选项“This blocks self-acceptance.”承接上文，符合逻辑，故选A项。
4．答案　G
解析　根据下文“We don’t just ask ourselves，‘What’s wrong with me？’ We worry what others will think：‘What’s wrong with them？’”可知，此处强调我们除了担心自己，还担心他人对我们的评价，G选项“And we worry others will judge our assumed failures.”引出下文内容，故选G项。
5．答案　F
解析　根据上文“Comparison could be deceptive.”可知，此处应说明比较具有欺骗性的原因，F选项“It tells us meeting expectations will make us happier.”符合语境，故选F项。
Ⅴ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
While in middle school，students seem to have one goal：to be popular.Like most thirteen-year-olds，I gave in to this need to 1 .
One afternoon，I told my father that I wanted to be popular.He looked at me and asked me why I felt that way.I 2 my shoulders and looked back into my drink.I had never stopped to think about why I felt the need to settle in...I 3 did.
My father 4 to tell me a story from his college days.His mother had made him several sweater vests to wear at school.These sweater vests were 5 ，but hardly “in style”．Nevertheless，they became a 6 in my father’s closet.He didn’t care that he wasn’t 7 the latest fashion.In fact，he didn’t care what everyone thought of him，either.I was 8 .What was even more surprising was that by breaking with convention，my father started a 9 .What he wore became fashionable because the other students saw the 10 with which he dressed.
As the days passed and I thought about it，I realized there might be some 11 to what my father said after all.I tried to make a change from just 12 the audience to focusing on the behavior that I really enjoyed.From then on，I found myself 13 less and less about what other people thought of me.It was a wonderful 14 ！I learned a valuable lesson in the process： 15 against the current can only make me stronger.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要说明了作者在和父亲对话以后，开始不再关心他人对自己的看法，而是专注于自己喜欢的事物。
1．A.get away B．break up
C．set off D．fit in
答案　D
解析　get away离开；break up分手；set off出发；fit in融入。根据后文“I had never stopped to think about why I felt the need to settle in...”可知，作者想要融入同龄人群体。故选D。
2．A.scratched B．shrugged
C．switched D．shook
答案　B
解析　scratch抓挠；shrug耸肩；switch转变；shake摇晃。根据后文“my shoulders”可推知此处指耸肩，故选B。
3．A.simply B．unwillingly
C．consciously D．pleasantly
答案　A
解析　simply仅仅；unwillingly不情愿地；consciously有意识地；pleasantly愉快地。根据前文“I had never stopped to think about why I felt the need to settle in...”可知，作者没有想过为什么想要融入，就是想这么做。故选A。
4．A.proceeded B．determined
C．pretended D．attempted
答案　A
解析　proceed接着，继续；determine决定；pretend假装；attempt尝试。根据后文“to tell me a story from his college days”可知，此处指父亲接着开始讲自己的故事。故选A。
5．A.fashionable B．practical
C．unique D．elegant
答案　B
解析　fashionable时尚的；practical实用的；unique独特的；elegant优雅的。后文“but hardly ‘in style’”中but表示转折，结合常识可知，毛衣背心实用但不时髦。故选B。
6．A.sample B．souvenir
C．decoration D．must
答案　D
解析　sample样品；souvenir纪念品；decoration装饰；must必需品。上文“Nevertheless，they became a”中Nevertheless表示转折，说明虽然毛衣背心不时髦，但却成了父亲衣橱里的必备之物。故选D。
7．A.resisting B．describing
C．sporting D．designing
答案　C
解析　resist抵抗；describe描述；sport故意显示，得意穿戴；design设计。根据上文“but hardly ‘in style’”和后文“the latest fashion”可知，此处指没有显示潮流。故选C。
8．A.depressed B．delighted
C．shocked D．disappointed
答案　C
解析　depressed沮丧的；delighted高兴的；shocked震惊的；disappointed失望的。根据后文“What was even more surprising”可知，此处指作者对父亲的做法感到震惊。故选C。
9．A.trend B．revolution
C．campaign D．reformation
答案　A
解析　trend趋势；revolution变革；campaign运动；reformation改革。根据后文“What he wore became fashionable”可知，此处指父亲开创了一种趋势。故选A。
10．A.dignity B．confidence
C．regret D．embarrassment
答案　B
解析　dignity尊严；confidence自信；regret后悔；embarrassment尴尬。根据上文“In fact，he didn’t care what everyone thought of him，either.”可知，其他人看到了父亲的自信。故选B。
11．A.attention B．response
C．truth D．gratitude
答案　C
解析　attention注意力；response回复；truth真实性；gratitude感激。根据后文作者也开始不关心他人的看法可推知作者认为父亲说的有道理。故选C。
12．A.complaining B．blaming
C．appreciating D．pleasing
答案　D
解析　complain抱怨；blame责备；appreciate欣赏；please取悦。根据后文“to focusing on the behavior that I really enjoyed”可推知，作者从仅仅“取悦”观众，到专注于自己真正喜欢的行为。故选D。
13．A.caring B．fancying
C．remembering D．imagining
答案　A
解析　care关心，在意；fancy喜爱；remember记得；imagine想象。根据上文“focusing on the behavior that I really enjoyed”可知，作者越来越不在意别人的看法了。故选A。
14．A.satisfaction B．challenge
C．expectation D．liberation
答案　D
解析　satisfaction满足；challenge挑战；expectation期待；liberation解放。根据上文提到作者不再关心别人的看法而是专注自己喜欢的事情可知，这是一种奇妙的对自己的解放。故选D。
15．A.Leaning B．Voting
C．Swimming D．Running
答案　C
解析　lean(against)靠着；vote(against)投票反对；swim(against)不随大流；run(against)违背，违反。根据后文“against the current can only make me stronger”以及作者不再取悦他人可知，此处指不随大流。故选C。
Ⅵ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Brain in a Vat(缸) is a thought experiment which asks you to imagine something really wild.Suppose a 1.____________(true) smart scientist takes your brain out of your body and puts it into a container 2.____________(fill) with a special liquid that keeps your brain alive.Your brain 3.____________(connect) to a super advanced computer which sends it electrical signals just like the ones you get from your senses when you are experiencing real life.
Imagine that with these signals，your brain thinks it’s still inside your body,4.____________(live) your everyday life，even though it’s actually in a vat.The 5.____________(moment) your brain imagines—from waving to a friend to eating your favorite snack—feel exactly the same 6.____________ they would if you were actually doing 7.____________(they)．And there’s no way for your brain 8.____________(tell) it’s just in a vat，not in your body.
It’s a deep philosophical question that makes us wonder about 9.____________ is known for certain.It makes us think about everything from movies and video games to the latest discoveries about our brains and minds.So while it’s a puzzle 10.____________ a clear answer，it opens up all kinds of discussions about knowledge，the nature of reality，and what it means to be conscious.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名为“缸中之脑”的思想实验以及该实验带来的启示。
1．答案　truly
解析　考查副词。修饰形容词smart应用副词，故填truly。
2．答案　filled
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处fill与container构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填filled。
3．答案　is connected
解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上下文语境可知，此处用一般现在时，brain和connect之间为被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单数，be动词用is。故填is connected。
4．答案　living
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处live与其逻辑主语it构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填living。
5．答案　moments
解析　考查名词复数。根据后文from waving to a friend to eating your favorite snack可知数量大于一，应用复数形式。故填moments。
6．答案　as
解析　考查固定用法。短语the same as表示“同……一样”。故填as。
7．答案　them
解析　考查代词。作动词的宾语，应用宾格。故填them。
8．答案　to tell
解析　考查非谓语动词。句型there’s no way to do sth表示“没有办法做某事”。故填to tell。
9．答案　what
解析　考查宾语从句。此处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“什么”应用what。故填what。
10．答案　without
解析　考查介词。后跟名词作宾语，表示“没有”应用介词without。故填without。

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