资源简介

(共89张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Lesson 3
CONNECTIONS
UNIT 10
内容索引
Part 1　课文深度理解
Part 2　长句难句分析
Part 3　语言知识梳理
训练4
课文深度理解
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A.A brother and sister who adopt a girl.
B.How the adopted girl spends her first day on the farm.
C.An adopted girl is welcomed on the farm by the owners.
D.A girl is mistakenly adopted by two farm owners and arrives at the
　farm for the first time.
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
√
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
amazed
silent
tears
no
nothing
appetite
small
clean
cold
sleep
1.How did Anne feel after hearing Marilla’s words
A.Excited. B.Depressed.
C.Delighted. D.Indifferent.
√
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
2.Why did Anne burst out crying
A.Because she didn?t have any relatives.
B.Because she thought nobody there wanted her.
C.Because she missed her parents very much.
D.Because she was left alone at the train station.
√
3.What can be inferred from the expression “frowning most resolutely” in the last paragraph
A.Matthew was angry with Anne.
B.Marilla was disappointed at Anne.
C.Marilla might decide to adopt Anne.
D.Anne would be sent back to the orphanage.
√
4.Which word can best describe the sister，Marilla
A.Strict but caring.
B.Kind and cheerful.
C.Organized but unkind.
D.Considerate and children-loving.
√
When seeing the odd little figure，Marilla froze in 1.______________
(amaze).They had sent word to Mrs Spencer to bring a boy，but she brought such a girl with the long hair and the eager，bright eyes,2.________
(wear) the stiff，ugly dress.
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
amazement
wearing
When the girl 3. name was Anne seemed to understand Marilla and Matthew’s dialogue，she stopped remaining silent，realizing that they didn’t want her，which made her in the depths of despair.She burst into 4.______(tear) and then she buried her face in her arms and proceeded to cry 5.__________(storm).Neither of Marilla and Matthew knew how 6.____________(comfort) the girl.
It was time for dinner.Although Anne tried to enjoy the bread and butter and the apple jam，she had no appetite and ate nothing.
whose
tears
stormily
to comfort
Matthew thought that Anne was tired and suggested that she 7.______(put) to bed.Marilla made 8.____ decision that Anne slept in the small bedroom.The whole room felt cold and unwelcoming.Anne 9.___________(dress) and put on her nightclothes.After Marilla returned and said “Good night” awkwardly 10.______ not unkindly，Anne still felt upset and lonely and at last cried herself to sleep.
返 回
be put
a
undressed
but
长句难句分析
1.But when her eyes fell ___ the odd little figure in the stiff，ugly dress，with the long red hair and the eager，bright eyes，she froze in ____________(amaze).(P14，Lines 1－3)
结构分析：此句是______句。when引导_________从句。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
on
amazement
复合
时间状语
但当她的目光落在那个衣服不合身又难看、长着红色长头发、眼睛热切而明亮的古怪小人身上时，她惊呆了。
2.You would cry，too，if you were ______ orphan and had come to a place you ________(think) was going to be home and found that they didn’t want you because you weren’t a boy.(P14，Lines 21－23)
结构分析：此句是_____句。句中if引导__________从句；you...to be home为省略了__________的______从句；that引导_____从句；because引导__________从句。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
an
thought
复合
条件状语
that/which
定语
宾语
原因状语
如果你是个孤儿，来到一个满以为会成为自己家的地方，却发现他们因为你不是男孩而不想要你，你也会哭的。
3.She lit a candle and told Anne __________(follow) her，which Anne did，taking her hat and bag _______ the hall table as she passed.(P15，Lines 38－39)
结构分析：此句是_____句。主句中的谓语动词是____和_____；which Anne did是_______________从句，修饰前面的句子；从句中的as引导__________从句；现在分词短语taking her hat...作__________。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
to follow
from
复合
lit
told
非限制性定语
时间状语
伴随状语
她点了根蜡烛，叫安妮跟着她。安妮跟了上来，路过大厅时从桌上拿起自己的帽子和包。
4.With a sob she __________(quick) undressed，put on her nightclothes and jumped into bed where she pressed her face down into the pillow and pulled the clothes _____ her head.(P15，Lines 49－51)
结构分析：此句是_____句。undressed，put on和jumped是并列谓语动词；where引导__________，修饰_____。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
quickly
over
复合
定语从句
bed
她抽泣着，迅速脱下衣服，穿上睡衣，跳到床上，把脸埋在枕头里，拉过衣服蒙上头。
5.When Marilla came up _____ the light，she saw the untidy way the clothing ________________(throw) on the floor.(P15，Lines 52－53)
结构分析：此句是_____句。When引导_________从句；the clothing...on the floor是省略了that/in which的______从句，修饰_______________。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
for
had been thrown
复合
时间状语
定语
the untidy way
玛丽拉回来取蜡烛时，看到安妮的衣服乱七八糟地扔在地上。
6.She __________(careful) picked up Anne’s clothes，placed them neatly on a yellow chair，and then，taking up the candle，went over to the bed.(P15，Lines 53－54)
结构分析：此句为_____句。句中picked up，placed和went over为_______________。taking up the candle为现在分词短语作__________。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
carefully
简单
并列谓语动词
伴随状语
她仔细地拾起衣服，整齐地放在黄色的椅子上，然后拿起蜡烛，走到床边。
7.How can you call _____ a good night when you know it must be the very worst night I’ve ever had？(P15，Lines 56－57)
结构分析：此句为_____句。when引导__________从句，it must be the very worst night为省略了引导词that的_____从句，I’ve ever had为省略了关系代词_____的定语从句。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
返 回
it
复合
时间状语
宾语
that
你明明知道这一定是我度过的最糟糕的一晚，还说什么晚安呢？
语言知识梳理
vi.& vt.(froze，frozen)突然停止；呆住；(使)结冰；冻僵(freezing adj.极冷的，严寒的 frozen adj.冷冻的，冻僵的)
1
freeze
freeze (sb) to death (把某人)冻死
freezing cold 极其寒冷
(1)On a __________ cold night，the little match girl was _______ to death in a street corner.(freeze)
freezing
frozen
(2)听到这个意外的消息，她惊讶得目瞪口呆。
On hearing of the unexpected news，she was so surprised that she ______________________________.
(3)我吓得僵住了一会儿，但还是鼓起足够的勇气走开，结果被绳子绊倒了。
I ________________ for a moment but managed to get enough courage to move away，only to trip over a rope.
写作佳句
froze with her mouth wide open
froze with fright
n.吃惊，惊奇[amaze vt.使惊奇，使惊愕amazing adj.令人(非常)惊讶的；极好的amazed adj.吃惊的，惊奇的]
2
amazement
·(much) to one’s amazement 令某人(非常)吃惊的是
　in amazement惊讶地；吃惊地
·be amazed at/by...对……感到惊讶
(1)What an __________(amaze) experience to hang out with my childhood idol!
amazing
(2)All people at the conference were __________(amaze) at the theory put forward by that sociologist.
(3)Hearing that the prisoner was released，the public were frozen in ____________(amaze).
amazed
amazement
(4)使我们惊讶的是，这个固执的男孩竟然真诚地跟他的朋友们道了歉。
①__________________，the stubborn boy should make an apology sincerely to his friends.(amazement n.)
②____________________ the stubborn boy should make an apology sincerely to his friends.(amazed adj.)
③________________ the stubborn boy should make an apology sincerely to his friends.(amaze v.)
写作佳句
To our amazement
We were amazed that
It amazed us that
突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭、笑等)；突然闯入
3
burst into
·burst into tears＝burst out crying 突然大哭起来
　burst into laughter＝burst out laughing突然大笑起来
·a burst of laughter/applause/anger一阵大笑/喝彩声/发怒
(1)The police burst _____ the city stadium and arrested the boxing coach who murdered his wife.
into
(2)听到这个坏消息，玛丽感到一阵悲伤，禁不住痛哭起来。
Hearing the bad news，Mary was seized by ________________ and couldn’t help weeping bitterly.
(3)困在迷雾中，我什么也做不了，只能哭泣，无助又失落。
Trapped in the dense mist，I could do nothing but __________
____________________，helpless and disappointed.
写作佳句
a burst of sadness
burst into
tears/burst out crying
4
as if 引导虚拟语气
“You’re not eating anything，” said Marilla sharply，eying her as if it were a serious problem.(P15，Lines 30－31)
“你什么都没吃，”玛丽拉严厉地说，眼睛盯着她，好像这是个严重的问题。
结构分析：as if/though“仿佛；好像”，在此句中引导方式状语从句，且用了虚拟语气。
·as if引导虚拟语气，表示说话人所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生的
　情况，从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：
　①如果表示与现在事实相反的假设，谓语动词用一般过去时，be动词
　要用were。
　②如果表示与过去事实相反的假设，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。
　③如果表示将来不可能发生的假设，谓语动词用“would/could/might
　/should＋动词原形”。
·as if所引导的从句如果表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的，从
　句要用陈述语气。
(1)He stared at me in amazement as if I ____________(finish) something incredible.
had finished
(2)我觉得我好像在等待永不会来的末班车。
I felt as if I _________________________ that would never come.
(3)那个年轻人非常吃惊，张开嘴巴好像要说些什么。
The young man was so amazed and opened his mouth _________
______________________________.
(4)看看天上的云彩！看起来要下雨了。
Look at the clouds in the sky！____________________________
________.
写作佳句
were waiting for the last bus
as if/
though he would say something
It looks as if/though it is going
to rain
5
介词短语位于句首引起完全倒装
To bed went Matthew.And to bed，when she had put her dishes away，went Marilla，frowning most resolutely.(P15，Lines 59－60)
马修上床睡觉了。玛丽拉收拾完盘子，紧紧地皱着眉头，也回到房间休息了。
结构分析：句中含有两个全部倒装句。
表示地点的介词短语、作表语的形容词或现在分词置于句首，且主语
　是名词时，引起完全倒装。
在完全倒装句式中，注意主语的位置，做到主谓一致。
(1)On the outskirts of the city ________(stand) an ancient building，which has a history of over 1,000 years.
(2)Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting _______(be) the impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.
stands
were
(3)上周五高二年级举办了一场英语演讲比赛。出席的人有高二年级全体学生、高二全体英语老师及校领导。
Last Friday witnessed an English speech contest in Senior Two. ___________________________________________________________________ as well as school leaders.
写作佳句
返 回
Present at the contest were all students and English teachers in Senior Two
训练4
1.Though she was an __________(adopt) child，she was deeply loved by both of her parents.
2.Hearing the heartbreaking news，Emily shivered uncontrollably for a moment before she burst _____ tears.
3.__ his amazement，there was more laughter and more money throwing.
4.They completely ignore the frequent conflicts as __________ they never existed.
5.____ despair，he dropped his books on the floor and let out a heavy sigh，knowing all his efforts had been in vain.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
adopted
into
To
if/though
In
6.It was an extremely cold winter evening and the ________(freeze) fog hung in the air.
7.Her sister broke down，__________(sob) into her handkerchief and burying herself in the pillow.
8.The sociologist is conducting an ____________(investigate) into the spending habits of teenagers.
9.With the financial support from the government，they will proceed ________(build) another Hope School.
10.Few people dare _____________(challenge) the authority and express their disagreement about the newly adopted policy.
freezing
sobbing
investigation
to build
to challenge
(2021·浙江6月——关于学校举办的学生国画作品展的宣传稿)
1.带着极大的荣幸和好奇，我参观了学校美术馆举办的中国画展。(强调句型)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.一经展出，这些画就被老师和学生高度赞扬。(状语从句的省略)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅱ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)
It was with great honor and curiosity that I paid a visit to the Chinese painting exhibition held in the school gallery.
Once displayed，the paintings are thought highly of by teachers and students.
3.这些作品中有一些是我们的美术老师画的画，其中一些老师在我们的城市很有名。(介词短语位于句首引起的完全倒装)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.我们学生没有必要去其他地方参观绘画展览。(there is no need to do...)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Among the works are some pictures painted by our art teachers，some of whom are very famous in our city.
There is no need for us students to go to other places to visit painting exhibitions.
5.如果一个人不去参观这次展览，他/她可能会错过一个欣赏杰出作品的好机会。(if 引导的虚拟条件句)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
One might miss a good opportunity to enjoy great works if he/she didn’t go to visit the exhibition.
参考范文
As is known to all，Chinese painting is a crucial part of our traditional culture.Therefore，it was with great honor and curiosity that I paid a visit to the Chinese painting exhibition held in the school gallery.Once displayed，the paintings are thought highly of by teachers and students.Among the works are some pictures painted by our art teachers，some of whom are very famous in our city.There is no need for us students to go to other places to visit painting exhibitions.One might miss a good opportunity to enjoy great works if he/she didn’t go to visit the exhibition.
A
“You’re so smart！” This encouraging response to children’s math performance is commonly heard.Recently，a new study，conducted by the University of Georgia，found that encouraging children with responses related to their personal characteristics or inborn abilities might weaken their math motivation and achievement over time.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是用与个人特征或天生能力相关的反应来鼓励孩子可能会削弱他们的数学积极性和成绩。
Parents who make comments linking their children’s performance to personal characteristics like intelligence are using what’s referred to as person responses.In contrast，parents who link their children’s actions，such as efforts or strategy use，to their performance are using process responses.
For the study，researchers asked more than 500 parents to report on how they responded to their children’s math performance and their math beliefs and goals.Children were assessed in two waves across a year to measure their math motivation and achievement.
The results show that parents who view math ability as changeable are more likely to give process responses focused on their children’s strategy use and efforts rather than their intelligence or other personal characteristics.In contrast，parents who believe math ability is unchangeable and that math failure can’t be constructive give more person responses.Parents with high expectations for their children give a combination of both responses.While responses highlighting strategy and efforts are not related to any achievement outcomes，children who receive more responses about their personal characteristics—in particular，related to failure—are more likely to avoid harder math problems，exhibit higher levels of math anxiety，and score lower on math achievement tests.
Because person responses predict poor math adjustment in children over time，researchers suggest parents limit this type of responses at home.Another recommendation for parents is to think about their own beliefs and goals for their kids and examine how these might lead them to respond in person or process ways.Simply telling parents to avoid talking about math ability may not be enough.Focusing less on how children perform and more on their strategy and enjoyment of math might be a more effective way to enhance motivation.
1.Which of the following is an example of process response
A.You are a lucky dog.
B.Running is in your blood.
C.What works well for your study
D.Why are you such a math genius
√
推理判断题。根据第二段中“In contrast，parents who link their children’s actions，such as efforts or strategy use，to their performance are using process responses.”可知，将孩子的行动(如努力或策略使用)与他们的表现联系起来是过程反应，C项“什么对你的学习有效？”将孩子的表现与学习方法联系起来，属于过程反应，故选C。
解析
2.What can be inferred from the study results
A.Parents prefer to give more process responses.
B.Children are more likely to be affected by math anxiety.
C.Process responses help with children’s math achievement.
D.Person responses can discourage children from learning math.
√
推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“...children who receive more responses about their personal characteristics...exhibit higher levels of math anxiety，and score lower on math achievement tests.”可知，个人反应会阻碍孩子学习数学，故选D。
解析
3.What do researchers advise parents to do
A.Restrict person responses.
B.Defend their own beliefs.
C.Stress children’s performance.
D.Ignore children’s math problems.
√
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Because person responses predict poor math adjustment in children over time，researchers suggest parents limit this type of responses at home.”可知，专家建议父母限制个人反应，故选A。
解析
4.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.The Strategy Children Adopt to Learn Math Helps
B.The Way Parents Talk to Children on Math Matters
C.Responses to Enhance Children’s Math Performance
D.Suggestions for Parents to Teach Their Children Math
√
标题归纳题。通读整篇文章，尤其是第一段中“Recently，a new study...responses related to their personal characteristics or inborn abilities might weaken their math motivation and achievement over time.”可知，文章主要是说父母对孩子的数学表现的反应会对孩子产生影响，用与个人特征或天生能力相关的反应来鼓励孩子可能会削弱他们的数学积极性和成绩。所以B项“父母与孩子谈论数学的方式很重要”概括文章主旨，可作为标题，故选B。
解析
B
For 85 years，the Harvard Study of Adult Development has tracked an original group of 724 participants and more than 1,300 of their male and female descendants(后代) over three generations，asking thousands of questions and taking hundreds of measurements to find out what really keeps people healthy and happy.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。本文通过对哈佛大学成人发展研究的项目的阐述说明了良好的社交关系对健康和幸福至关重要。
Through all the years of studying these lives，one crucial factor stands out for the consistency and power of its ties to physical health，mental health and longevity：good relationships.
In 2008，researchers telephoned the wives and husbands of Harvard Study couples in their 80s every night for eight nights.Researchers spoke to each partner separately and asked them a series of questions about their days.
On days when these men and women spent more time in the company of others，they were happier.Like most older people，those in the Harvard Study experienced day-to-day rises and falls in their levels of physical pain and health difficulties.But researchers found that the people who were in more satisfying relationships were cushioned(缓冲) somewhat from these ups and downs of mood—their happiness did not decline as much on days when they had more pain.Simply put，their happy marriages seemed to have a protective effect.
Elizabeth Gillespie，a therapist of couples，stated that although most of us found that our experience of relationships might be hard，and at times，impossible，it is essential to our well-being.
Today we live in much more complicated environments，so meeting our social needs presents different challenges.We might be sitting on a gold mine of vitality that we are not paying attention to，because it is hidden by the shiny appeal of smartphones or pushed to the side by work demands.
5.What’s the purpose of the Harvard Study of Adult Development
A.To study their lives over three generations.
B.To reveal the secret to health and well-being.
C.To track the descendants of an original group.
D.To study the relationship between health and happiness.
√
细节理解题。由第一段“For 85 years，the Harvard Study of Adult Development has tracked...to find out what really keeps people healthy and happy.”可知，哈佛大学成人发展研究的目的是揭示健康和幸福的秘诀。故选 B。
解析
6.How did the researchers carry out the 2008 study
A.By working with other researchers.
B.By tracking specific groups of people.
C.By helping participants with social difficulties.
D.By comparing the results from different people.
√
细节理解题。由第三段“In 2008，researchers telephoned the wives and husbands of Harvard Study couples in their 80s...asked them a series of questions about their days.”可知，研究者通过追踪哈佛大学成人发展研究参与者这一特定群体来实施2008年的研究。故选B。
解析
7.Why does the author mention “most older people” in paragraph 4
A.To provide evidence for the bond of health and longevity.
B.To introduce the concept of physical pain and health difficulties.
C.To show the negative impact of unhappy marriages on older people’s
　mood.
D.To support the positive impact of satisfying relationships on people’s
　lives.
√
推理判断题。由第四段中“Like most older people，those in the Harvard Study...But researchers found that the people who were in more satisfying relationships were cushioned(缓冲)...did not decline as much on days when they had more pain.”可推知作者提及大多数年长者是想以痛苦和波折的普遍性来衬托好的关系的保护作用，即证实令人满意的关系对人们生活的积极影响。故选D。
解析
8.According to Elizabeth Gillespie，what is essential to our well-being
A.Having good social connections.
B.Declining pains and difficulties.
C.Overcoming ups and downs of mood.
D.Experiencing rises and falls of physical health.
√
推理判断题。由第五段“...although most of us found that our experience of relationships might be hard，and at times，impossible，it is essential to our well-being.”可知，Elizabeth Gillespie 认为拥有好的社交关系对幸福至关重要。故选A。
解析
Around the globe，about 1 in 4 adults says they’re lonely.And the consequences of long-term social disconnection can be everything from an increased risk of heart attacks to dementia(痴呆).The following offers a road map to make connections.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章就如何与他人建立联系提出一些建议。
Ⅳ.七选五
Be curious.It’s easier to connect with people if you have shared interests or experiences，so start paying attention to what’s in your mind.What motivates you？What excites you？
1 If you know what’s meaningful or fun for you，it may lead you to an activity that connects you to others.
A.Pour out your hard feelings.
B.Take a risk by having conversations.
C.You should tolerate the risk of being lonely.
D.But the opportunities for creative expression are endless.
E.Knowing yourself can be a first step to bonding with others.
F.Then，other people recognize that and share their story in return.
G.Loneliness has the potential to intensify and become overwhelming.
√
根据下文“If you know what’s meaningful or fun for you，it may lead you to an activity that connects you to others.”可知，空处应该强调的是了解自己对于建立联系的重要性。E项“了解自己是与他人建立联系的第一步”符合语境。故选E。
解析
Make something.When experts advise making something，people will say，“Well，I’m not Picasso.I don’t know how to do a fancy painting.” Of course，you’re not！
2 You can try your grandma’s pie recipe or plant an herb garden that puts your thoughts and feelings about who you are and express those thoughts and feelings to others.
A.Pour out your hard feelings.
B.Take a risk by having conversations.
C.You should tolerate the risk of being lonely.
D.But the opportunities for creative expression are endless.
E.Knowing yourself can be a first step to bonding with others.
F.Then，other people recognize that and share their story in return.
G.Loneliness has the potential to intensify and become overwhelming.
√
根据上文“When experts advise making something，people will...Of course，you’re not！”和下文“You can try your grandma’s pie recipe or plant an herb garden...”可知，你不是毕加索，画不出绝美的画卷，但你可以通过其他方式表达自己，空处应与上文形成转折并引起下文的不同方式。D项“但是创造性表达的机会是无穷无尽的”符合语境。故选D。
解析
3 Share something about yourself.It doesn’t have to be the darkest secret of your life，but just something other people might find interesting.Putting yourself out there requires a bit of a risk，and it’s the first step to real connection.
A.Pour out your hard feelings.
B.Take a risk by having conversations.
C.You should tolerate the risk of being lonely.
D.But the opportunities for creative expression are endless.
E.Knowing yourself can be a first step to bonding with others.
F.Then，other people recognize that and share their story in return.
G.Loneliness has the potential to intensify and become overwhelming.
√
设空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Share something about yourself...Putting yourself out there requires a bit of a risk，and it’s the first step to real connection.”可知，本段建议通过冒风险进行表露自我的对话来建立联系。B项中的“Take a risk”和下文中的“a bit of a risk”对应。B项“冒险进行对话”是最佳主题句。故选B。
解析
Find a group that matches your interests.Whether it’s volunteering for a cause or playing frisbee(飞盘)，try to find others who share your interests.There’s even an online group that has a quirky shared interest：a fascination with brown bears in Alaska，which led to Fat Bear Week.
In interactions with others，you can begin to reveal yourself and share the unique things that matter to you. 4
A.Pour out your hard feelings.
B.Take a risk by having conversations.
C.You should tolerate the risk of being lonely.
D.But the opportunities for creative expression are endless.
E.Knowing yourself can be a first step to bonding with others.
F.Then，other people recognize that and share their story in return.
G.Loneliness has the potential to intensify and become overwhelming.
√
上文“In interactions with others，you can begin to reveal yourself and share the unique things that matter to you.”提出敞开心扉，分享你独特且重要的事。F项“然后，其他人认识到这一点，并分享他们的故事作为回报”承接上文，指出别人的回应，选项中的Then与上文中的begin相照应。故选F。
解析
Other people’s loneliness matters too. 5 If loneliness goes unaddressed，people can end up in a world of hurt.
A.Pour out your hard feelings.
B.Take a risk by having conversations.
C.You should tolerate the risk of being lonely.
D.But the opportunities for creative expression are endless.
E.Knowing yourself can be a first step to bonding with others.
F.Then，other people recognize that and share their story in return.
G.Loneliness has the potential to intensify and become overwhelming.
√
根据下文“If loneliness goes unaddressed，people can end up in a world of hurt.”可知，如果不处理好孤独，人们最终会受伤。所以空处与孤独的危害有关。G项“孤独有可能加剧并变得势不可挡”引起下文，符合语境。故选G。
解析
If you see someone experiencing loneliness，ask them how they’re doing.Share your own experience of loneliness and how you get rid of it.Thus，helping others can also benefit yourself.
A new study by researchers from the University of Toronto，Hangzhou Normal University and Harvard University has found that 1.__________(simple) expressing trust in young children can promote their honesty.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项新研究发现，简单地表达对幼儿的信任可以促进他们的诚实。
Ⅴ.语法填空
simply
考查副词。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词simply“简单地”作状语修饰动词expressing。故填simply。
解析
Conducted through 2. series of field experiments with 328 kindergarteners，the international study was intended to know whether children were less likely to cheat in a simple test of counting accuracy if the adult 3. (direct) the test had previously conveyed her trust in them.
a
directing
2.考查冠词。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语a series of“一系列的”，所以此处为冠词a的填入。故填a。
3.考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰the adult，the adult和direct为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填directing。
解析
The results showed that when adults trusted children to help with small tasks，such as holding their house keys，and 4. (express) that they would trust them in the future，the children were significantly less likely to cheat on a subsequent test compared to children 5.___________ weren’t given such trust messages.
expressed
who/that
4.考查动词时态。所填词与该句中的trusted为并列关系，故用所给动词的过去式 expressed。故填expressed。
5.考查定语从句。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词children在从句中作主语成分，所以用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。
解析
“We were astonished by how powerful an effect a simple expression of trust had 6.__________ children’s subsequent honesty was，” said Professor Li Zhao of Hangzhou Normal University.
考查介词。“have an effect on/upon...”意为“对……有影响”，为固定搭配。故填on/upon。
解析
on/upon
“It seems that even at a young age，children understand the value of trust and are willing to behave more honestly in response to feeling 7._________(trust).”
考查非谓语动词。根据句意以及空前feel为系动词，此处表示“被信任”，应用过去分词trusted作表语。故填trusted。
解析
trusted
Not only do the findings have important theoretical implications，but they also offer 8.__________(practice) guidance to help parents and educators in developing moral character from an early age.
考查形容词。由空后guidance为名词可知，此处为形容词practical“实践的”作定语修饰该名词，满足句意要求。故填practical。
解析
practical
“9. (we) results point to the promise of using trust rather than threats or punishment 10. (develop) good qualities in children，” said Dr.Zhao.
9.考查代词。由空后results为名词可知，此处为形容词性物主代词作定语修饰该名词。设空处位于句首，单词首字母需大写。故填Our。
10.考查动词不定式。“use sth to do sth”为固定用法，意为“用某物做某事”，所以用动词不定式to develop。故填to develop。
解析
返 回
Our
to develop
本课结束Section Ⅳ　Lesson 3
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A．A brother and sister who adopt a girl.
B．How the adopted girl spends her first day on the farm.
C．An adopted girl is welcomed on the farm by the owners.
D．A girl is mistakenly adopted by two farm owners and arrives at the farm for the first time.
答案　B
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1．How did Anne feel after hearing Marilla’s words
A．Excited. B．Depressed.
C．Delighted. D．Indifferent.
答案　B
2．Why did Anne burst out crying
A．Because she didn?t have any relatives.
B．Because she thought nobody there wanted her.
C．Because she missed her parents very much.
D．Because she was left alone at the train station.
答案　B
3．What can be inferred from the expression “frowning most resolutely” in the last paragraph
A．Matthew was angry with Anne.
B．Marilla was disappointed at Anne.
C．Marilla might decide to adopt Anne.
D．Anne would be sent back to the orphanage.
答案　C
4．Which word can best describe the sister，Marilla
A．Strict but caring.
B．Kind and cheerful.
C．Organized but unkind.
D．Considerate and children-loving.
答案　A
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
When seeing the odd little figure，Marilla froze in 1.amazement(amaze)．They had sent word to Mrs Spencer to bring a boy，but she brought such a girl with the long hair and the eager，bright eyes,2.wearing(wear) the stiff，ugly dress.
When the girl 3.whose name was Anne seemed to understand Marilla and Matthew?s dialogue，she stopped remaining silent，realizing that they didn?t want her，which made her in the depths of despair.She burst into 4.tears(tear) and then she buried her face in her arms and proceeded to cry 5.stormily(storm)．Neither of Marilla and Matthew knew how 6.to comfort(comfort) the girl.
It was time for dinner.Although Anne tried to enjoy the bread and butter and the apple jam，she had no appetite and ate nothing.
Matthew thought that Anne was tired and suggested that she 7.be put(put) to bed.Marilla made 8.a decision that Anne slept in the small bedroom.The whole room felt cold and unwelcoming.Anne 9.undressed(dress) and put on her nightclothes.After Marilla returned and said “Good night” awkwardly 10.but not unkindly，Anne still felt upset and lonely and at last cried herself to sleep.
1．But when her eyes fell on the odd little figure in the stiff，ugly dress，with the long red hair and the eager，bright eyes，she froze in amazement(amaze)．(P14，Lines 1－3)
结构分析：此句是复合句。when引导时间状语从句。
汉语翻译：但当她的目光落在那个衣服不合身又难看、长着红色长头发、眼睛热切而明亮的古怪小人身上时，她惊呆了。
2．You would cry，too，if you were an orphan and had come to a place you thought(think) was going to be home and found that they didn’t want you because you weren’t a boy.(P14，Lines 21－23)
结构分析：此句是复合句。句中if引导条件状语从句；you...to be home为省略了that/which的定语从句；that引导宾语从句；because引导原因状语从句。
汉语翻译：如果你是个孤儿，来到一个满以为会成为自己家的地方，却发现他们因为你不是男孩而不想要你，你也会哭的。
3．She lit a candle and told Anne to follow(follow) her，which Anne did，taking her hat and bag from the hall table as she passed.(P15，Lines 38－39)
结构分析：此句是复合句。主句中的谓语动词是lit和told；which Anne did是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的句子；从句中的as引导时间状语从句；现在分词短语taking her hat...作伴随状语。
汉语翻译：她点了根蜡烛，叫安妮跟着她。安妮跟了上来，路过大厅时从桌上拿起自己的帽子和包。
4．With a sob she quickly(quick) undressed，put on her nightclothes and jumped into bed where she pressed her face down into the pillow and pulled the clothes over her head.(P15，Lines 49－51)
结构分析：此句是复合句。undressed，put on和jumped是并列谓语动词；where引导定语从句，修饰bed。
汉语翻译：她抽泣着，迅速脱下衣服，穿上睡衣，跳到床上，把脸埋在枕头里，拉过衣服蒙上头。
5．When Marilla came up for the light，she saw the untidy way the clothing had been thrown(throw) on the floor.(P15，Lines 52－53)
结构分析：此句是复合句。When引导时间状语从句；the clothing...on the floor是省略了that/in which的定语从句，修饰the untidy way。
汉语翻译：玛丽拉回来取蜡烛时，看到安妮的衣服乱七八糟地扔在地上。
6．She carefully(careful) picked up Anne’s clothes，placed them neatly on a yellow chair，and then，taking up the candle，went over to the bed.(P15，Lines 53－54)
结构分析：此句为简单句。句中picked up，placed和went over为并列谓语动词。taking up the candle为现在分词短语作伴随状语。
汉语翻译：她仔细地拾起衣服，整齐地放在黄色的椅子上，然后拿起蜡烛，走到床边。
7．How can you call it a good night when you know it must be the very worst night I’ve ever had？(P15，Lines 56－57)
结构分析：此句为复合句。when引导时间状语从句，it must be the very worst night为省略了引导词that的宾语从句，I’ve ever had为省略了关系代词that的定语从句。
汉语翻译：你明明知道这一定是我度过的最糟糕的一晚，还说什么晚安呢？
freeze vi.& vt.(froze，frozen)突然停止；呆住；(使)结冰；冻僵(freezing adj.极冷的，严寒的 frozen adj.冷冻的，冻僵的)
freeze (sb) to death (把某人)冻死
freezing cold 极其寒冷
(1)On a freezing cold night，the little match girl was frozen to death in a street corner.(freeze)
[写作佳句]
(2)听到这个意外的消息，她惊讶得目瞪口呆。
On hearing of the unexpected news，she was so surprised that she froze with her mouth wide open.
(3)我吓得僵住了一会儿，但还是鼓起足够的勇气走开，结果被绳子绊倒了。
I froze with fright for a moment but managed to get enough courage to move away，only to trip over a rope.
amazement n．吃惊，惊奇[amaze vt.使惊奇，使惊愕amazing adj.令人(非常)惊讶的；极好的amazed adj.吃惊的，惊奇的]
·(much) to one’s amazement 令某人(非常)吃惊的是
in amazement惊讶地；吃惊地
·be amazed at/by...对……感到惊讶
(1)What an amazing(amaze) experience to hang out with my childhood idol!
(2)All people at the conference were amazed(amaze) at the theory put forward by that sociologist.
(3)Hearing that the prisoner was released，the public were frozen in amazement(amaze)．
[写作佳句]
(4)使我们惊讶的是，这个固执的男孩竟然真诚地跟他的朋友们道了歉。
①To our amazement，the stubborn boy should make an apology sincerely to his friends.(amazement n．)
②We were amazed that the stubborn boy should make an apology sincerely to his friends.(amazed adj.)
③It amazed us that the stubborn boy should make an apology sincerely to his friends.(amaze v．)
burst into 突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭、笑等)；突然闯入
·burst into tears＝burst out crying 突然大哭起来
burst into laughter＝burst out laughing突然大笑起来
·a burst of laughter/applause/anger一阵大笑/喝彩声/发怒
(1)The police burst into the city stadium and arrested the boxing coach who murdered his wife.
[写作佳句]
(2)听到这个坏消息，玛丽感到一阵悲伤，禁不住痛哭起来。
Hearing the bad news，Mary was seized by a burst of sadness and couldn’t help weeping bitterly.
(3)困在迷雾中，我什么也做不了，只能哭泣，无助又失落。
Trapped in the dense mist，I could do nothing but burst into tears/burst out crying，helpless and disappointed.
as if 引导虚拟语气
“You’re not eating anything，” said Marilla sharply，eying her as if it were a serious problem.(P15，Lines 30－31)
“你什么都没吃，”玛丽拉严厉地说，眼睛盯着她，好像这是个严重的问题。
结构分析：as if/though“仿佛；好像”，在此句中引导方式状语从句，且用了虚拟语气。
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
·as if引导虚拟语气，表示说话人所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生的情况，从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：
①如果表示与现在事实相反的假设，谓语动词用一般过去时，be动词要用were。
②如果表示与过去事实相反的假设，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。
③如果表示将来不可能发生的假设，谓语动词用“would/could/might/should＋动词原形”。
·as if所引导的从句如果表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的，从句要用陈述语气。————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
(1)He stared at me in amazement as if I had finished(finish) something incredible.
[写作佳句]
(2)我觉得我好像在等待永不会来的末班车。
I felt as if I were waiting for the last bus that would never come.
(3)那个年轻人非常吃惊，张开嘴巴好像要说些什么。
The young man was so amazed and opened his mouth as if/though he would say something.
(4)看看天上的云彩！看起来要下雨了。
Look at the clouds in the sky！It looks as if/though it is going to rain.
介词短语位于句首引起完全倒装
To bed went Matthew.And to bed，when she had put her dishes away，went Marilla，frowning most resolutely.(P15，Lines 59－60)
马修上床睡觉了。玛丽拉收拾完盘子，紧紧地皱着眉头，也回到房间休息了。
结构分析：句中含有两个全部倒装句。
———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 表示地点的介词短语、作表语的形容词或现在分词置于句首，且主语是名词时，引起完全倒装。
在完全倒装句式中，注意主语的位置，做到主谓一致。
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————(1)On the outskirts of the city stands(stand) an ancient building，which has a history of over 1,000 years.
(2)Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were(be) the impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.
[写作佳句]
(3)上周五高二年级举办了一场英语演讲比赛。出席的人有高二年级全体学生、高二全体英语老师及校领导。
Last Friday witnessed an English speech contest in Senior Two.Present at the contest were all students and English teachers in Senior Two as well as school leaders.
训练4　Lesson 3
[分值：77.5分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．Though she was an adopted(adopt) child，she was deeply loved by both of her parents.
2．Hearing the heartbreaking news，Emily shivered uncontrollably for a moment before she burst into tears.
3．To his amazement，there was more laughter and more money throwing.
4．They completely ignore the frequent conflicts as if/though they never existed.
5．In despair，he dropped his books on the floor and let out a heavy sigh，knowing all his efforts had been in vain.
6．It was an extremely cold winter evening and the freezing(freeze) fog hung in the air.
7．Her sister broke down，sobbing(sob) into her handkerchief and burying herself in the pillow.
8．The sociologist is conducting an investigation(investigate) into the spending habits of teenagers.
9．With the financial support from the government，they will proceed to build(build) another Hope School.
10．Few people dare to challenge(challenge) the authority and express their disagreement about the newly adopted policy.
Ⅱ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)(满分15分)
(2021·浙江6月——关于学校举办的学生国画作品展的宣传稿)
1．带着极大的荣幸和好奇，我参观了学校美术馆举办的中国画展。(强调句型)
It was with great honor and curiosity that I paid a visit to the Chinese painting exhibition held in the school gallery.
2．一经展出，这些画就被老师和学生高度赞扬。(状语从句的省略)
Once displayed，the paintings are thought highly of by teachers and students.
3．这些作品中有一些是我们的美术老师画的画，其中一些老师在我们的城市很有名。(介词短语位于句首引起的完全倒装)
Among the works are some pictures painted by our art teachers，some of whom are very famous in our city.
4．我们学生没有必要去其他地方参观绘画展览。(there is no need to do...)
There is no need for us students to go to other places to visit painting exhibitions.
5．如果一个人不去参观这次展览，他/她可能会错过一个欣赏杰出作品的好机会。(if 引导的虚拟条件句)
One might miss a good opportunity to enjoy great works if he/she didn’t go to visit the exhibition.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
参考范文
As is known to all，Chinese painting is a crucial part of our traditional culture.Therefore，it was with great honor and curiosity that I paid a visit to the Chinese painting exhibition held in the school gallery.Once displayed，the paintings are thought highly of by teachers and students.Among the works are some pictures painted by our art teachers，some of whom are very famous in our city.There is no need for us students to go to other places to visit painting exhibitions.One might miss a good opportunity to enjoy great works if he/she didn’t go to visit the exhibition.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
“You’re so smart！” This encouraging response to children’s math performance is commonly heard.Recently，a new study，conducted by the University of Georgia，found that encouraging children with responses related to their personal characteristics or inborn abilities might weaken their math motivation and achievement over time.
Parents who make comments linking their children’s performance to personal characteristics like intelligence are using what’s referred to as person responses.In contrast，parents who link their children’s actions，such as efforts or strategy use，to their performance are using process responses.
For the study，researchers asked more than 500 parents to report on how they responded to their children’s math performance and their math beliefs and goals.Children were assessed in two waves across a year to measure their math motivation and achievement.
The results show that parents who view math ability as changeable are more likely to give process responses focused on their children’s strategy use and efforts rather than their intelligence or other personal characteristics.In contrast，parents who believe math ability is unchangeable and that math failure can’t be constructive give more person responses.Parents with high expectations for their children give a combination of both responses.While responses highlighting strategy and efforts are not related to any achievement outcomes，children who receive more responses about their personal characteristics—in particular，related to failure—are more likely to avoid harder math problems，exhibit higher levels of math anxiety，and score lower on math achievement tests.
Because person responses predict poor math adjustment in children over time，researchers suggest parents limit this type of responses at home.Another recommendation for parents is to think about their own beliefs and goals for their kids and examine how these might lead them to respond in person or process ways.Simply telling parents to avoid talking about math ability may not be enough.Focusing less on how children perform and more on their strategy and enjoyment of math might be a more effective way to enhance motivation.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是用与个人特征或天生能力相关的反应来鼓励孩子可能会削弱他们的数学积极性和成绩。
1．Which of the following is an example of process response
A．You are a lucky dog.
B．Running is in your blood.
C．What works well for your study
D．Why are you such a math genius
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“In contrast，parents who link their children’s actions，such as efforts or strategy use，to their performance are using process responses.”可知，将孩子的行动(如努力或策略使用)与他们的表现联系起来是过程反应，C项“什么对你的学习有效？”将孩子的表现与学习方法联系起来，属于过程反应，故选C。
2．What can be inferred from the study results
A．Parents prefer to give more process responses.
B．Children are more likely to be affected by math anxiety.
C．Process responses help with children’s math achievement.
D．Person responses can discourage children from learning math.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“...children who receive more responses about their personal characteristics...exhibit higher levels of math anxiety，and score lower on math achievement tests.”可知，个人反应会阻碍孩子学习数学，故选D。
3．What do researchers advise parents to do
A．Restrict person responses.
B．Defend their own beliefs.
C．Stress children’s performance.
D．Ignore children’s math problems.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Because person responses predict poor math adjustment in children over time，researchers suggest parents limit this type of responses at home.”可知，专家建议父母限制个人反应，故选A。
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Strategy Children Adopt to Learn Math Helps
B．The Way Parents Talk to Children on Math Matters
C．Responses to Enhance Children’s Math Performance
D．Suggestions for Parents to Teach Their Children Math
答案　B
解析　标题归纳题。通读整篇文章，尤其是第一段中“Recently，a new study...responses related to their personal characteristics or inborn abilities might weaken their math motivation and achievement over time.”可知，文章主要是说父母对孩子的数学表现的反应会对孩子产生影响，用与个人特征或天生能力相关的反应来鼓励孩子可能会削弱他们的数学积极性和成绩。所以B项“父母与孩子谈论数学的方式很重要”概括文章主旨，可作为标题，故选B。
B
For 85 years，the Harvard Study of Adult Development has tracked an original group of 724 participants and more than 1,300 of their male and female descendants(后代) over three generations，asking thousands of questions and taking hundreds of measurements to find out what really keeps people healthy and happy.
Through all the years of studying these lives，one crucial factor stands out for the consistency and power of its ties to physical health，mental health and longevity：good relationships.
In 2008，researchers telephoned the wives and husbands of Harvard Study couples in their 80s every night for eight nights.Researchers spoke to each partner separately and asked them a series of questions about their days.
On days when these men and women spent more time in the company of others，they were happier.Like most older people，those in the Harvard Study experienced day-to-day rises and falls in their levels of physical pain and health difficulties.But researchers found that the people who were in more satisfying relationships were cushioned(缓冲) somewhat from these ups and downs of mood—their happiness did not decline as much on days when they had more pain.Simply put，their happy marriages seemed to have a protective effect.
Elizabeth Gillespie，a therapist of couples，stated that although most of us found that our experience of relationships might be hard，and at times，impossible，it is essential to our well-being.
Today we live in much more complicated environments，so meeting our social needs presents different challenges.We might be sitting on a gold mine of vitality that we are not paying attention to，because it is hidden by the shiny appeal of smartphones or pushed to the side by work demands.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。本文通过对哈佛大学成人发展研究的项目的阐述说明了良好的社交关系对健康和幸福至关重要。
5．What’s the purpose of the Harvard Study of Adult Development
A．To study their lives over three generations.
B．To reveal the secret to health and well-being.
C．To track the descendants of an original group.
D．To study the relationship between health and happiness.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。由第一段“For 85 years，the Harvard Study of Adult Development has tracked...to find out what really keeps people healthy and happy.”可知，哈佛大学成人发展研究的目的是揭示健康和幸福的秘诀。故选 B。
6．How did the researchers carry out the 2008 study
A．By working with other researchers.
B．By tracking specific groups of people.
C．By helping participants with social difficulties.
D．By comparing the results from different people.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。由第三段“In 2008，researchers telephoned the wives and husbands of Harvard Study couples in their 80s...asked them a series of questions about their days.”可知，研究者通过追踪哈佛大学成人发展研究参与者这一特定群体来实施2008年的研究。故选B。
7．Why does the author mention “most older people” in paragraph 4
A．To provide evidence for the bond of health and longevity.
B．To introduce the concept of physical pain and health difficulties.
C．To show the negative impact of unhappy marriages on older people’s mood.
D．To support the positive impact of satisfying relationships on people’s lives.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。由第四段中“Like most older people，those in the Harvard Study...But researchers found that the people who were in more satisfying relationships were cushioned(缓冲)．..did not decline as much on days when they had more pain.”可推知作者提及大多数年长者是想以痛苦和波折的普遍性来衬托好的关系的保护作用，即证实令人满意的关系对人们生活的积极影响。故选D。
8．According to Elizabeth Gillespie，what is essential to our well-being
A．Having good social connections.
B．Declining pains and difficulties.
C．Overcoming ups and downs of mood.
D．Experiencing rises and falls of physical health.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。由第五段“...although most of us found that our experience of relationships might be hard，and at times，impossible，it is essential to our well-being.”可知，Elizabeth Gillespie 认为拥有好的社交关系对幸福至关重要。故选A。
Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Around the globe，about 1 in 4 adults says they’re lonely.And the consequences of long-term social disconnection can be everything from an increased risk of heart attacks to dementia(痴呆)．The following offers a road map to make connections.
Be curious.It’s easier to connect with people if you have shared interests or experiences，so start paying attention to what’s in your mind.What motivates you？What excites you？ 1 If you know what’s meaningful or fun for you，it may lead you to an activity that connects you to others.
Make something.When experts advise making something，people will say，“Well，I’m not Picasso.I don’t know how to do a fancy painting.” Of course，you’re not！ 2 You can try your grandma’s pie recipe or plant an herb garden that puts your thoughts and feelings about who you are and express those thoughts and feelings to others.
3 Share something about yourself.It doesn’t have to be the darkest secret of your life，but just something other people might find interesting.Putting yourself out there requires a bit of a risk，and it’s the first step to real connection.
Find a group that matches your interests.Whether it’s volunteering for a cause or playing frisbee(飞盘)，try to find others who share your interests.There’s even an online group that has a quirky shared interest：a fascination with brown bears in Alaska，which led to Fat Bear Week.In interactions with others，you can begin to reveal yourself and share the unique things that matter to you. 4
Other people’s loneliness matters too. 5 If loneliness goes unaddressed，people can end up in a world of hurt.If you see someone experiencing loneliness，ask them how they’re doing.Share your own experience of loneliness and how you get rid of it.Thus，helping others can also benefit yourself.
A．Pour out your hard feelings.
B．Take a risk by having conversations.
C．You should tolerate the risk of being lonely.
D．But the opportunities for creative expression are endless.
E．Knowing yourself can be a first step to bonding with others.
F．Then，other people recognize that and share their story in return.
G．Loneliness has the potential to intensify and become overwhelming.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章就如何与他人建立联系提出一些建议。
1．答案　E
解析　根据下文“If you know what’s meaningful or fun for you，it may lead you to an activity that connects you to others.”可知，空处应该强调的是了解自己对于建立联系的重要性。E项“了解自己是与他人建立联系的第一步”符合语境。故选E。
2．答案　D
解析　根据上文“When experts advise making something，people will...Of course，you’re not！”和下文“You can try your grandma’s pie recipe or plant an herb garden...”可知，你不是毕加索，画不出绝美的画卷，但你可以通过其他方式表达自己，空处应与上文形成转折并引起下文的不同方式。D项“但是创造性表达的机会是无穷无尽的”符合语境。故选D。
3．答案　B
解析　设空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Share something about yourself...Putting yourself out there requires a bit of a risk，and it’s the first step to real connection.”可知，本段建议通过冒风险进行表露自我的对话来建立联系。B项中的“Take a risk”和下文中的“a bit of a risk”对应。B项“冒险进行对话”是最佳主题句。故选B。
4．答案　F
解析　上文“In interactions with others，you can begin to reveal yourself and share the unique things that matter to you.”提出敞开心扉，分享你独特且重要的事。F项“然后，其他人认识到这一点，并分享他们的故事作为回报”承接上文，指出别人的回应，选项中的Then与上文中的begin相照应。故选F。
5．答案　G
解析　根据下文“If loneliness goes unaddressed，people can end up in a world of hurt.”可知，如果不处理好孤独，人们最终会受伤。所以空处与孤独的危害有关。G项“孤独有可能加剧并变得势不可挡”引起下文，符合语境。故选G。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
A new study by researchers from the University of Toronto，Hangzhou Normal University and Harvard University has found that 1. (simple) expressing trust in young children can promote their honesty.
Conducted through 2. series of field experiments with 328 kindergarteners，the international study was intended to know whether children were less likely to cheat in a simple test of counting accuracy if the adult 3. (direct) the test had previously conveyed her trust in them.The results showed that when adults trusted children to help with small tasks，such as holding their house keys，and 4. (express) that they would trust them in the future，the children were significantly less likely to cheat on a subsequent test compared to children 5.________ weren’t given such trust messages.
“We were astonished by how powerful an effect a simple expression of trust had 6.____________ children’s subsequent honesty was，” said Professor Li Zhao of Hangzhou Normal University.“It seems that even at a young age，children understand the value of trust and are willing to behave more honestly in response to feeling 7. (trust)．”
Not only do the findings have important theoretical implications，but they also offer 8.__________(practice) guidance to help parents and educators in developing moral character from an early age.“9. (we) results point to the promise of using trust rather than threats or punishment 10. (develop) good qualities in children，” said Dr.Zhao.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项新研究发现，简单地表达对幼儿的信任可以促进他们的诚实。
1．答案　simply
解析　考查副词。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词simply“简单地”作状语修饰动词expressing。故填simply。
2．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语a series of“一系列的”，所以此处为冠词a的填入。故填a。
3．答案　directing
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰the adult，the adult和direct为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填directing。
4．答案　expressed
解析　考查动词时态。所填词与该句中的trusted为并列关系，故用所给动词的过去式 expressed。故填expressed。
5．答案　who/that
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词children在从句中作主语成分，所以用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。
6．答案　on/upon
解析　考查介词。“have an effect on/upon...”意为“对……有影响”，为固定搭配。故填on/upon。
7．答案　trusted
解析　考查非谓语动词。根据句意以及空前feel为系动词，此处表示“被信任”，应用过去分词trusted作表语。故填trusted。
8．答案　practical
解析　考查形容词。由空后guidance为名词可知，此处为形容词practical“实践的”作定语修饰该名词，满足句意要求。故填practical。
9．答案　Our
解析　考查代词。由空后results为名词可知，此处为形容词性物主代词作定语修饰该名词。设空处位于句首，单词首字母需大写。故填Our。
10．答案　to develop
解析　考查动词不定式。“use sth to do sth”为固定用法，意为“用某物做某事”，所以用动词不定式to develop。故填to develop。

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