资源简介

(共123张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Lesson 1
CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE
UNIT 11
内容索引
Part 1　课文深度理解
Part 2　长句难句分析
Part 3　语言知识梳理
Part 4　语法项目精讲
训练2
课文深度理解
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the reports
A.Peaceful life in the community.
B.Conflicts happening in the community.
C.Harm brought by impolite neighbours in the community.
D.Prejudice existing between neighbours in the community.
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
√
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
parties
driven mad
sleep well
warning
classified/regarded
collecting fish
upstairs flat
emptied
change his ways
the birthday
song
Ⅰ.Read the first report on P30 and choose the best answer.
1.What can be learned from the flat-owner’s words
A.He did know Ma Ming was a drummer.
B.He regrets renting the flat to Ma Ming.
C.He disagrees with most of the neighbours.
D.He likes listening to Ma Ming’s playing the drum.
√
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
2.What did the community council do to deal with Ma Ming’s matter
A.They forced Ma Ming to leave the community.
B.They warned Ma Ming to have enough sleep.
C.They voted on the matter and gave Ma Ming a warning.
D.They asked Ma Ming to stop drumming and leave the community.
√
3.What is the attitude of Ma Ming towards the conflict
A.He was angry with people who considered his music as noise.
B.He realized his mistake and was willing to make an apology.
C.He was glad to leave the flat and live in a hotel.
D.He thought people were prejudiced against him.
√
4.What’s the meaning of the title “Drummer Hits the Road”？
A.The drummer hits another car on the road.
B.The drummer has nothing to hit but the road.
C.The drummer falls down on the road from the sky.
D.The drummer has to start a journey to look for a proper house to stay in.
√
Ⅱ.Read the second report on P31 and choose the best answer.
1.What can we know about James McKay according to the first paragraph
A.James is now working as a tailor.
B.James spent one night in the prison.
C.James hit his neighbour Keith Smith without reasons.
D.James is a pleasant old man who is sometimes violent.
√
2.What do we know from the last paragraph
A.Smith withdrew the case and left the flat.
B.McKay is a cheerful and humorous old man.
C.The police would go on looking into the case.
D.McKay was excited about being put into the cell.
√
3.Which word can be used to describe James McKay
A.Violent.
B.Friendly.
C.Easily-excited.
D.Bad-tempered.
√
Ⅲ.Read the two reports again and choose the best answer.
1.What do the two reports want to tell us
A.We should not play drums at night.
B.Any conflict can be handled in peace.
C.Too many showers do harm to our health.
D.A harmonious atmosphere is very necessary for living in a community.
√
2.In which section of a newspaper may these texts appear
A.Education.
B.Entertainment.
C.Science and technology.
D.Interpersonal relationships.
√
The following are two reports，both of 1.________ are about the conflicts between neighbours.In the first report，a young drummer 2._______(name) Ma Ming rented a flat in a community，but as a single man，he often held parties and drummed late at night，which annoyed his neighbours.So they asked the community council to take action.They took a vote and came to a 3.__________(resolve).They demanded that Ma Ming should cease 4.___________(drum) or leave the property.At last，he chose to move and live in a hotel.
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
which
named
resolution
drumming
The other report is about the conflict between a retired tailor,80-year-old James McKay，and a keen gardener and fish collector,30-year-old Keith Smith，who lived above 5._____ McKays.One evening,6.___ the tailor’s birthday，his wife made a cake for him and they were enjoying the starry night on their balcony 7._______ the fish collector emptied one of his tanks over the balcony and both the couple and the cake were wet through.The tailor was so angry that he 8._______(rush) upstairs and hit the trouble-maker over the head with his walking stick.As a consequence，
the
on
when
rushed
he spent Saturday night in a cell.9.____________(fortunate)，the fish collector was not going to take things further with the police，so the old tailor was released from the police station.In the meantime，the fish collector promised 10.___________(change) his ways from then on.
返 回
Fortunately
to change
长句难句分析
1.Being single，Ma Ming often held _______(party) at night，but the biggest problem was his tendency _________(drum) late at night.(P30，Para.2)
结构分析：此句是but连接的______句。第一个分句中Being single是现在分词短语作_________；第二个分句是_______结构。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
马明是个单身汉，经常在晚上开派对，但最大的问题是他常常打鼓到深夜。
parties
to drum
并列
原因状语
主系表
2.The neighbours ________(quick) realised they were ____ trouble when he moved in.(P30，Para.2)
结构分析：此句是_______句。realised后是省略了that的_______从句；when引导__________从句。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
他一搬进来，邻居们就意识到麻烦来了。
quickly
in
复合
宾语
时间状语
3.McKay’s wife，Laurene said that，while McKay is usually a peaceful and ___________(please) person，he had been driven to this act of _________(violent) by literally getting wet just once too often.(P31，Para.1)
结构分析：此句是_______句。Laurene是McKay’s wife的_______；that引导_______从句，其中while引导__________从句。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
迈奇的妻子劳瑞恩说，他平时是个平和、愉悦的人，是因为再三被淋湿，才会做出这种暴力的行为。
pleasant
violence
复合
同位语
宾语
让步状语
4.______________(fortunate)，the water he sent over his balcony every day ended _____ on the McKays’ floor，or too often，on the unsuspecting McKays themselves.(P31，Para.2)
结构分析：此句是_______句。he sent over his balcony every day是省略that/which的_______从句，修饰the water。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
不幸的是，他每天在阳台上浇的水最后都落到迈奇家的地板上，也经常洒在毫无防备的迈奇夫妇身上。
Unfortunately
up
复合
定语
5.She added that it wasn’t only the water falling onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that _________(bother) them，______ also the way he cleaned his fish tanks.(P31，Para.3)
结构分析：此句是_______句。第一个that引导_______从句，从句中使用了it was...that... _______句型；falling onto their balcony from Smith是现在分词短语作__________，修饰the water；he cleaned his fish tanks是省略了_____________的定语从句，修饰_________。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
她还说，困扰他们的不仅是史密斯给植物浇水时洒到阳台上的水，还有他清理鱼缸的方式。
bothered
but
复合
宾语
强调
后置定语
that/in which
the way
6.The candles were ___ great sight as you can imagine，but James didn’t get to blow them _______.(P31，Para.4)
结构分析：此句为_______句。as引导_______从句。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
你可以想象蜡烛有多么漂亮，可詹姆斯却没能把蜡烛吹灭。
返 回
a
out
复合
定语
语言知识梳理
n.投票(指行为)；票数；选票；表决 vt.& vi.投票；选举；表决
1
vote
·take/have a vote on 投票表决
·vote for投票支持
　vote against投票反对
　vote on就……投票表决
　vote to do sth表决做某事
(1)We’ll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote _____ them.
(2)Whether you vote _____ or against the plan doesn’t seem to matter very much.
(3)There were some disagreements about the new plan，so we will vote _________(make) the final decision.
on
for
to make
(4)由于在这个问题上我们无法达成一致意见，让我们就此投票表决吧。
As we can’t agree on this matter，_________________________.
写作佳句
let’s take/have a vote on it
vt.忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容(tolerance n.容忍；忍受 tolerant adj.宽容的)
2
tolerate
·tolerate doing sth容忍做某事
·be tolerant of/towards对……容忍/宽容
　表示“容忍；忍受”的动词(短语)还有：bear，endure(忍耐)，stand和
　put up with等。
(1)No one can tolerate ______________(bother) so frequently with such things.
being bothered
(2)He is always _________(tolerate) of others，which is one of his most striking strengths.
(3)We should have a policy of zero __________(tolerate) for the problem of food safety.
tolerant
tolerance
(4)我坚信你对你的新室友宽容是很明智的。(应用文写作之建议信)
I firmly believe that _____________________________________
____________________________.
写作佳句
it is wise of you to tolerate/be tolerant of/
towards your new roommates
vt.& vi.(使)担心，(使)生气，(使)苦恼 n.麻烦；令人烦恼的事或人
3
bother
bother sb with/about sth因某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother to do/doing sth费心做某事
It bothers sb that/to do...使某人苦恼的是……
Don’t bother.不必麻烦。
(1)Now that you are not keen on the chorus，why bother _____________
___________(apply) for it
to apply/
applying
(2)Her son didn’t work very hard at school.It bothered her much.
→_____________________________________________________________________(改成what引导的主语从句)
→_____________________________________________________________
(改成it作形式主语)
What bothered her much was that her son didn’t work very hard at school.
　 It bothered her much that her son didn’t work very hard at school.
(3)无论如何，没有必要为小事而烦恼，因为它们只会浪费你的时间和精力。
Anyhow，there is no need ________________________________
_______ because they only waste your time and energy.
写作佳句
to bother yourself about/with small
things
4
if引导的虚拟条件句
The flat-owner said if he had known that Ma Ming was a drummer，he wouldn’t have rented the flat to him.(P30，Para.2)
房东说他如果知道马明是个鼓手，就不会把房子租给他。
结构分析：本句含有if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反。
if引导的虚拟条件句分三种情况：
·与现在事实相反，从句用过去时(be动词用were)，主句用would/
　should/could/might＋动词原形。
·与过去事实相反，从句用had done，主句用would/should/could/might
　＋have done。
·与将来事实相反，从句用过去时(be动词用were)/were to do/should＋
　动词原形，主句用would/should/might/could＋动词原形。
注意：有时条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致，这类句子称为错综虚拟语气，此时主从句动词的形式应根据各自所表示的时间进行调整。
(1)If you _______(keep) your room tidy，then it wouldn’t bother me so long to clean it.
(2)If I _______(be) you，I would give him some encouragement rather than annoying scolding.
kept
were
(3)(2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)如果我没有遇到Gunter，我可能会在布拉格的会议上迟到。
_____________________，I would probably have been late for my conference in Prague.
(4)(2024·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)如果你来拜访我，我一定会带你去体验那里充满活力的氛围。
___________________________________，I would definitely bring you there to experience the vibrant atomosphere.
写作佳句
返 回
If I hadn’t met Gunter
If you were to/should come to visit me
语法项目精讲
阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并完成文后的练习
“What shall I read？” You might have asked yourself this question more than once.If you are not sure what to read，you can get ideas from different sources，but it is also important to develop your own taste.
情境导读
To start with，ask your friends，parents and teachers to recommend what books you ought to read.Most people will be happy to share their favourite books with others.Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials that can be found in the library or bookshop easily.You could also read book reviews in newspapers，in magazines or online.A book review can often tell you whether a book is worth reading or not.
These ideas should point you in the right direction.However，you must also decide for yourself what kind of books to read.You do not have to read a book just because everyone recommends it.Instead，look for books on topics that interest you.Take time to look through the collections in different sections of your local library，and you are likely to come across books you love to read.Over time，you may find yourself better able to seek out books to your taste and enjoy reading all the more.
1.以上加颜色词为_________，这类词本身有词义，表示说话人的语气或情态，在句中不能单独用作_______，一般需要和__________连用。
2.情态动词一般无_______和____的变化，个别情态动词有现在时和过去时两种时态。
情态动词
谓语
动词原形
人称
数
情态动词
一、情态动词的概念
情态动词(Modal Verbs)表示说话人的语气或情态，如命令、允诺、请求、拒绝、愿望、意愿、义务、必要、可能、能力、敢于、需要等。情态动词有词义但词义不完整，不能单独用作谓语，一般需要和动词原形连用。
语法精讲
二、情态动词的特征
1.情态动词后面一般直接加动词原形；
2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化，第三人称单数的现在时也无变化；
3.情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、动名词或分词形式；
4.情态动词只有现在式和过去式两种形式，但可以表示现在、过去和将来时间。
三、情态动词的用法
1.can与could的用法
(1)表示能力：can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。
I can play basketball now，but I couldn’t when I was young.
现在我会打篮球了，但小时候我不会。
(2)表示请求和许可：could语气比can委婉，但回答时只能用can。
—Can/Could you lend me a hand
—Yes，I can.
——你能帮我一下吗？
——我能。
(3)表示推测，意为“可能”。多用于否定句或疑问句。
—Can he be in the reading room now
—No，he can’t be in it.Because I saw him in the office just now.
——他现在可能在阅览室吗？
——不，他不可能在阅览室。因为我刚刚在办公室看见他了。
(4)表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“可能会”。
I think some advertisements can be quite dangerous.
我认为有些广告可能会非常有害。
【比较】　can，be able to表示“能力”时的区别
can 用于指现在，常表示自身具有的能力。
be able to 用于各种时态，常表示经过努力后所具有的能力。
Babies can swim when they are born.
婴儿们刚出生时会游泳。(自身具有的能力)
Without his hard work，he was not able to get good grades.
如果没有他的努力工作，他是不可能取得好成绩的。(经过努力后具有的能力)
2.may与might的用法
(1)表示征求对方的许可或允许(不用might)。
—May I come in
—Yes，you may/can.
——我可以进来吗？
——是的，你可以进来。
(2)表示推测(把握不大)，意为“可能”，多用于肯定句。might比may的可能性更小。
It may/might rain this afternoon.You’d better take a raincoat with you.
今天下午可能会下雨。你最好带上雨衣。
(3)may用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
May you have a good journey!
祝你旅途愉快！
注意：may表示征求允许时的否定回答是must not(不应该，不行)。
—May I take this book out of the reading room
—No，you mustn’t.
——我可以把这本书拿出阅览室吗？
——不行。
3.will与would的用法
will用于将来时态的构成，表示意志、意愿、决心等，其过去式是would。would可以表示“过去常常做……”。
She will take part in the opening ceremony if she has free time tomorrow.
如果明天有时间，她愿意参加开幕式。
I still remember my happy childhood when my mother would take me to Disneyland at weekends.
我还记得快乐的童年时光，当时妈妈常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。
4.should与ought to的用法
(1)表示责任或义务，意为“应该”。用于表示按道理应当，常指客观的义务或责任。ought to比should的语气重，也更正式。
You ought to/should follow the old man’s advice.
你应当听那位老人的建议。
(2)表示劝告、建议或命令。should和ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。ought to的否定式为oughtn’t to或ought not to。
You ought to/should go to the clinic at once.You don’t look well.
你脸色不好，应该马上到医务室去。
(3)表示推测。两者可换用。
This is where the oil ought to/should be.
这里应该就是石油存在的地方。
(4)should还可以表示惊讶或不相信，意为“竟然”，此时不可以和ought to互换。
Really strange，I can’t believe Steven should be late for work.
真奇怪，我难以相信史蒂文居然上班迟到了。
5.shall的用法
(1)用于一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方意见。
Shall I open the window in the sitting-room
我可以打开客厅的窗户吗？
(2)用于二、三人称的陈述句中，表示允许、命令、警告和决心。
You shall return this book to the library before June 1st.
六月一号前你要把书还回图书馆。
Anyone shall be punished if he/she breaks the school rules.
任何人违反学校规定都将受到惩罚。
6.must的用法
(1)表示命令或强烈的建议，意为“必须”。
All the students must obey the school rules.
所有学生必须遵守校规。
(2)表示十分肯定的推测，意为“一定；准是”。
Betty must be in the next room.I can hear her talking there.
贝蒂肯定在隔壁房间。我能听见她在那里讲话。
(3)表示抱怨、不满等感彩，常以第二人称为主语，意为“偏要；硬要；偏偏”。
Must you make so much noise when I have a rest
你非得在我休息时弄出这么大的声音吗？
(4)must not表示禁止，意为“不许；不准；不可以”。
You mustn’t stop your car in the busy street.
你不能把车停在繁忙的路上。
注意：回答must问句时，肯定回答多用must；否定回答多用needn’t或don’t have to。
—Must I finish my homework before eight o’clock
—Yes，you must.(No，you needn’t/you don’t have to.)
——我必须在8点之前完成作业吗？
——是的，必须。(不，没必要。)
【比较】　must和have to
(1)have to“不得不”，有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定形式为don’t/doesn’t/didn’t have to。
(2)have to表示一种客观的需要，而must表示一种主观的需要。
It’s too late.I have to go home now.
天色太晚了，我现在得回家了。
You don’t have to finish the work now.
你没有必要现在完成这项工作。
You must obey the school rules.
你必须遵守校规。
7.dare与need的用法
(1)need与dare用作情态动词时，常用于否定句与疑问句；在疑问句中把dare和need提前，在否定句中直接在其后加not。
(2)need与dare用作实义动词时有人称、数及时态的变化，多用于肯定句；如果用于否定句或疑问句，需要加助动词do/does，且其后要加(to) do。
How dare you talk to me in such a rude way
你怎么敢这么粗鲁地跟我说话？
I wonder how he dares to say such things.
我纳闷他怎么敢说出这样的话来。
We don’t dare (to) say anything about the present situation.
对于目前的形势我们什么也不敢说。
You needn’t worry about him because he has been old enough to take care of himself.
你不必为他担心，他已经足够大能照顾自己了。
四、“情态动词＋have done”的用法
“情态动词＋have done”表示对过去事情的推测或者表示虚拟。各情态动词的这种具体用法如下表：
can’t/couldn’t have done 过去不可能做(表推测)
must have done 过去一定做了(表推测)
may/might have done 过去也许做了(表推测)
could have done 本可以做而未做(表虚拟)
should/ought to have done 本该做而未做(表虚拟)
might have done 本有可能做而未做(表虚拟)
needn’t have done 本不必做而做了(表虚拟)
He can’t/couldn’t have watched TV last night，for he knew he would have a test.
昨天晚上他不可能看电视，因为他知道就要考试了。
From what you said，she must have told you all about it.
从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。
He could have passed the exam，but he was too careless.
本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心了。
You should/ought to have told me earlier or I might have gone with them.
你本应该早点告诉我，不然我可能就和他们一块去了。
I needn’t have cooked so much food.Nobody was hungry.
我本不必做这么多食物，大家都不饿。
Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空
1.You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _______ be so rude to a lady.
2.—Mary knows the city quite well.
—She _______ well have been there before.
3.When he worked there，he _______ have a walk along the river every morning.
4.It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it _______ be rather cold sometimes.
达标检测
should
may
would
can
5.—Excuse me，do you mind if I open the window
—Well，if you _______，I can put on more clothes.
must
Ⅱ.从括号中选出适当的情态动词填空
When my English teacher suggested that I read Charles Dickens’s A Christmas Carol，I thought，“I 1._______(can’t/shouldn’t) read this！It 2._______(has to/must) be very boring！” Surprisingly，it turned out the exact opposite.I 3._______(could/might) not stop turning the pages!
can’t
must
could
The book’s main character is Scrooge，a rich but mean old man.He hates all kinds of celebrations.On Christmas Eve，he is transported to different points in his life by three spirits.In the end，he reflects on these moments and realizes his mistakes.Then he decides that he 4.______(might/must) change himself.On Christmas morning，he sends a large turkey to a poor man for Christmas dinner.He also tries to make his family and friends happy by spending time with them.
must
There is something that 5._______(can/must) be learned from A Christmas Carol：we 6._______(should/may) treat others with kindness，generosity and love.I think everyone 7.________(would/ought to) read this book.
can
should
ought to
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1.You ___________________(再怎么小心都不为过) when crossing the street.
2.I am feeling sick and I _____________________(本不应该吃) so much chocolate.
3.Two years later，he _______________________________(能够说流利的汉语了).
4.We were badly in need of help then，but we _______________________ (不敢向他求助).
can’t be too careful
shouldn’t have eaten
was able to speak fluent Chinese
dared not (to) turn to him
5.My father suggested that ______________________(我应该树立一个明确的目标) and struggle for it.
6.Paul did a great job in the speech contest.He _______________________
_______(一定练习了很多次) last week.
7.The workers were not better organized，otherwise _________________
_____________________(他们就完成任务了) in half the time.
8.He _____________________(不可能已经完成) writing the paper now.He hadn’t written a single word when I left him ten minutes ago.
返 回
I should set a clear goal
must have practised many
times
they would have
accomplished the task
can’t have finished
训练2
1.The wolves have been howling _______ the edge of the forest for hours，disturbing the remote village.
2.Doctors issued a _________(warn) against eating any fish caught in the river after detecting high levels of pollution.
3.She was walking along the bank of the river _______ she heard a cry for help.
4.He has always been very keen ______ doing physical exercise but lacks self-control.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
on/at
warning
when
on
5.They have received no news of him since his _________(depart) from the island，which left them somewhat anxious.
6.I can’t thank you too much because _______ your help I wouldn’t have won first prize.
7.Don’t bother your parents ____________ the problem.Try to negotiate with your roommate for a solution together.
8.We received a lot of ____________(complain) from customers about the increasing prices.
departure
without
about/with
complaints
9.What they will never cease _______(do) is to reveal the unfairness and prejudice against the poor.
10.We can’t tolerate people ___________(throw) garbage here and there，so we will launch a campaign to appeal to people to protect the environment.
doing
throwing
(应用文写作——送陌生老人去医院)
1.我正跟朋友走在街上，这时我们突然看到一个老人躺在地上。(be doing...when...)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2.遗憾的是，在那种情况下竟然没有人帮他。(It is a shame that...)
_______________________________________________________________
Ⅱ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)
I was walking in the street with my friend when we saw an old man lying on the ground.
It was a shame that nobody came to help him in that case.
3.我们对人们的冷漠与无情感到很愤怒。(annoyed)
_______________________________________________________________4.我们简单商议了一下，很快就将老人送往了医院。(negotiate)
_______________________________________________________________5.医生说如果他没被及时送往医院，后果将会很严重。(if引导虚拟条件句)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
We were annoyed at people’s indifference and coldness.
Having briefly negotiated，we rushed the old man to hospital quickly.
The doctor said that if he hadn’t been sent to hospital in time，there would have been serious results.
参考范文
I was walking in the street with my friend when we saw an old man lying on the ground.It was a shame that nobody came to help him in that case.On seeing it，we were annoyed at people’s indifference and coldness.Having briefly negotiated，we rushed the old man to hospital quickly.The doctor said that if he hadn’t been sent to hospital in time，there would have been serious results.Fortunately，the old man recovered slowly after the doctor’s treatment.
A
When reading，my mother likes to slice a paragraph or a sentence out and attach it to the wall of her kitchen.She picks boring sentences that puzzle me.But I prefer copying favorite bright lines into a journal in soft，gray No.2 pencil，word by word.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者母亲在表达爱时的内敛和寡言少语让作者很不理解，但是最终一首诗解开了作者的迷惑。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
She doesn’t know any of this.There’s nothing shocking：for our chatting.We seldom begin certain conversations though we talk on the phone weekly，sometimes making each other laugh so hard that I choke and she cries.But what we don’t say could fill up rooms.Fights with my father.Small failures in school.Anything that really upsets us.
My mother has never told me “I love you，Lisa.”—as if the four-word absence explains who I am—so I carry it with me，like a label on me.The last time she almost spoke the words was two years ago，when she called to tell me a friend had been in hospital.I said，“I love you，Mom.” She stopped for a while and then said，“Thank you.” I haven’t said it since，but I’ve wondered why my mother doesn’t until I’ve found a poem that supplies words for the blank spaces I try to understand in our conversations：
Don’t fill up on bread.I say absent-mindedly.The servings here are huge.
My son，middle-aged，says：Did you really just say that to me
What he doesn’t know is that when we’re walking together，I desire to reach for his hand.
It’s humble，yet heartbreaking.After copying it down in my journal，I emailed it to Mom，adding “This poem makes me think of you.” My mother doesn’t read poetry—or at least，she doesn’t tell me，and I felt nervous clicking “Send”.
She never mentioned the poem.But the next time I went home for vacation，I noticed something new in the kitchen fixed to an antique board：the poem.The board hung above the heater，the warmest spot in the kitchen.The poem still hangs there.Neither my mother nor I have ever spoken about it.
1.What’s the function of paragraph 1
A.To stress the theme.
B.To establish the setting.
C.To represent the characters.
D.To create the atmosphere.
√
推理判断题。第一段描写的是作者和妈妈不同的阅读方式。由此可推知，第一段的作用是来展示两人不同的性格特征。故选C。
解析
2.Which of the following best describes the mother-daughter relationship
A.Shaky. B.Distant.
C.Reserved. D.Intense.
√
推理判断题。根据第二段可知，母女俩之间有很多话题都没有彼此交流过，特别是让她们伤心的事。由此可推知，“有所保留的”是最能描述母女关系的。故选C。
解析
3.Why did the author send the poem to her mom
A.It reminded her of Mom’s love.
B.She wanted to apologize to Mom.
C.It suited Mom’s taste of literature.
D.She needed an interpretation from Mom.
√
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“After copying it...‘This poem makes me think of you.’”可知，作者把这首诗寄给她的妈妈是因为这让她想起了妈妈的爱。故选A。
解析
4.What does the poem mean to Mom
A.A memory of golden days.
B.Daughter’s gratefulness to her.
C.A decoration in the plain kitchen.
D.Daughter’s understanding of her.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中“I haven’t said it since，...understand in our conversations(从那以后，我再也没有说过这句话，但我一直在想，为什么母亲一直不说，直到我找到了一首诗，为我解开了迷惑).”可知，这首诗对妈妈而言意味着女儿对她的理解。故选D。
解析
B
People from different backgrounds working together at big companies often have trouble understanding each other’s cultures when they talk，whether in person or online.Just making your point clear isn’t enough.You have to truly understand cross-cultural communication for efficient cooperation and business success.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了工作中的跨文化交流现象以及这一现象产生的问题冲突以及解决方法。
Often referred to as intercultural communication，cross-cultural communication is the study of how verbal and nonverbal communication takes place among individuals from different backgrounds，geographies，and cultures.
Since cross-cultural communication is how people belonging to different cultures communicate with each other，there are bound to be conflicts between different cultures.One way to reduce these conflicts is strengthening diversity when hiring.When people from differing cultures work toward a common goal，the risk of offensive misunderstandings decreases，and the quality of work increases.
Companies with multicultural environments must focus on cross-cultural communication skills to create a positive work culture.With thoughtful cross-cultural communication，you can remove miscommunication and build strong relationships with people from different backgrounds.This multicultural communication enables every stakeholder to benefit from the free exchange of information.Strong intercultural communication can also help companies find opportunities and promote business growth.For example，employees from diverse cultural backgrounds and age groups can share unique insights about their generations’ consumer behavior，preferences，and habits.Their understanding of the target market can help you fuel business growth across markets.
The first and most commonly forgotten step in becoming culturally aware is to reflect on your own culture.In order to learn about others，you must first know about yourself.Perform a self-evaluation and consider the culture with which you identify，what aspects of that particular culture are connected with you，and what style of communication your culture has lent you.Reflecting upon your own culture will help you embrace cultural differences with an open mind.When surrounded by like-minded people，it’s easy to forget that what you do and how you act are not the universal norm.That’s why looking at yourself critically will improve your cultural awareness，thus promoting effective intercultural communication.
5.How does the author introduce the topic of the text
A.By making a comparison.
B.By describing a phenomenon.
C.By telling causes and effects.
D.By giving an assumption.
√
推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，来自不同背景的人在大公司一起工作时，无论是面对面还是在线交谈，往往难以理解彼此的文化。仅仅阐明你的观点是不够的。为了高效合作和商业成功，你必须真正理解跨文化沟通。作者通过描述一个现象引入文章的主题。故选B。
解析
6.What is a useful method to cut down conflicts and misunderstandings
A.Employers hire people from different age groups.
B.Employees try to create a positive work culture.
C.Employers set achievable goals for employees.
D.Employees from various cultures cooperate.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段“...there are bound to be conflicts between different cultures.One way to reduce these conflicts is strengthening diversity when hiring.When people from differing cultures work toward a common goal，the risk of offensive misunderstandings decreases，and the quality of work increases.”可知，减少冲突和误解的有效方法是不同文化背景的员工合作。故选D。
解析
7.What does paragraph 4 mainly focus on
A.The significance of intercultural communication.
B.The methods companies use to improve harmony.
C.The understanding of multicultural environment.
D.The present situation global companies encounter.
√
段落大意题。根据第四段“Companies with multicultural environments must focus on cross-cultural communication skills to create a positive work culture...you can remove miscommunication and build strong relationships...This multicultural communication enables every stakeholder to benefit from...Strong intercultural communication can also help...can help you fuel business growth across markets.”可知，第四段使用了许多诸如 “you can...”，“enable...to....”，“can help...” 等表达，来说明跨文化交流的重要性。故选A。
解析
8.What might the author continue talking about
A.The importance of reflecting on your own culture.
B.The value of realizing and accepting cultural shocks.
C.Other tips for effective cross-cultural communication.
D.More examples of successful intercultural cooperation.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“That’s why looking at yourself critically will improve your cultural awareness，thus promoting effective intercultural communication.(这就是为什么批判性地审视自己会提高你的文化意识，从而促进有效的跨文化交流)”可知，作者可能会继续谈论其他有效的跨文化沟通技巧。故选C。
解析
How to Tolerate Those You Have a Personality Conflict with
Living or working with people who have very different personalities or beliefs from you can present challenges.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章就如何处理同与你性格有冲突的人的关系提出建议。
Ⅳ.七选五
1 Here are some strategies to help you navigate these difficult interactions and maintain healthy relationships and a harmonious environment.
A.Let go of your expectations.
B.You are ultimately the judge of your situation.
C.Determine the source of your conflict with the person.
D.When you constantly harbor them，they can become stronger.
E.Should this occur，remember to keep the contact civil and polite.
F.Relevant context information can help you accept the person as he or she is.
G.However，learning to tolerate and manage these differences is mentally
　crucial.
√
根据上文“Living or working with people who have very different personalities or beliefs from you can present challenges.”和下文“Here are some strategies to help you...”可知，上文提到与个性或信仰与你截然不同的人一起生活或工作可能会带来挑战，下文提到有一些策略可以帮到你，空处应该是一个过渡句。G项“然而，学会容忍和处理这些不同在心理上很关键”与上文形成转折，并引出下文的策略，符合语境。故选G。
解析
2 In many cases，a personality conflict arises because of expectations，differences of opinion，or some other underlying issues.
A.Let go of your expectations.
B.You are ultimately the judge of your situation.
C.Determine the source of your conflict with the person.
D.When you constantly harbor them，they can become stronger.
E.Should this occur，remember to keep the contact civil and polite.
F.Relevant context information can help you accept the person as he or she is.
G.However，learning to tolerate and manage these differences is mentally
　crucial.
√
空处为段落主题句。根据本段内容尤其是最后一句“Figuring out the roots may help you realize that your conflict is foolish.”可知，本段建议找出冲突的根源。C项“确定你与对方的冲突的根源”可总领本段内容，符合语境，且其中的“source”和下文中的“roots”对应。故选C。
解析
Consider if you’ve had a bad experience with the person，or if you’re relying on rumors(传言) or someone else’s conflict to inform your opinion on the person.Figuring out the roots may help you realize that your conflict is foolish.
Get to know the person.Every person has their own perspectives that are formed based on their experiences.Consider where this person is coming from through his or her behaviors.
3 Acknowledging that his or her perspectives differ from yours can help you to give the person a chance.
A.Let go of your expectations.
B.You are ultimately the judge of your situation.
C.Determine the source of your conflict with the person.
D.When you constantly harbor them，they can become stronger.
E.Should this occur，remember to keep the contact civil and polite.
F.Relevant context information can help you accept the person as he or she is.
G.However，learning to tolerate and manage these differences is mentally
　crucial.
√
根据上文“Get to know the person.Every person has their own perspectives that are formed based on their experiences.Consider where this person is coming from through his or her behaviors.”可知，上文提到要考虑这个人的经历和行为来了解他/她，而F选项中的“Relevant context information”指的是这个人的背景信息，即上文提到的“经历”和“行为”，所以F项“相关的背景信息可以帮助你接受这个人的本来面目”承接上文，符合语境。故选F。
解析
Identify the virtues in the person.Holding on to negative thoughts and attitudes about another person is draining(使人心力交瘁的). 4 Learn to see the positive in any person.
A.Let go of your expectations.
B.You are ultimately the judge of your situation.
C.Determine the source of your conflict with the person.
D.When you constantly harbor them，they can become stronger.
E.Should this occur，remember to keep the contact civil and polite.
F.Relevant context information can help you accept the person as he or she is.
G.However，learning to tolerate and manage these differences is mentally
　crucial.
√
根据上文“Holding on to negative thoughts and attitudes about another person is draining(使人心力交瘁的).”可知，坚持对另一个人的消极想法和态度是消耗精力的，D项“当你不断保持这些消极想法时，它们会变得更强”承接上文，继续说明其负面影响，符合语境，D项中的“them”指代上文中的“negative thoughts and attitudes”。故选D。
解析
Even the worst person has good qualities.It might take some time to recognize them，but being able to see the positive traits in a person can help you to shift your relationship with him or her.
Limit interactions with the person.If you genuinely find it challenging to put up with someone，minimize interactions with him or her.There are different ways to achieve it.For example，if you are at social settings，don’t sit near him or her or move if he or she is close to you.
Nevertheless，sometimes you have to engage with the person either professionally or personally. 5
A.Let go of your expectations.
B.You are ultimately the judge of your situation.
C.Determine the source of your conflict with the person.
D.When you constantly harbor them，they can become stronger.
E.Should this occur，remember to keep the contact civil and polite.
F.Relevant context information can help you accept the person as he or she is.
G.However，learning to tolerate and manage these differences is mentally
　crucial.
√
根据上文“Nevertheless，sometimes you have to engage with the person either professionally or personally.”可知，有时候你不得不在工作或私人场合与这个人打交道。E项“如果发生这种情况，记得要保持文明和礼貌的联系”承接上文，说明如果上文描述的情况发生时，你要如何应对，符合语境。故选E。
解析
KV Priyesh，a fisherman,1. (live) in Kerala’s Kozhikode District，was increasingly disturbed by the amount of plastic waste that would get 2. (trap) in his fishing nets，every time he went out to the sea.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了住在喀拉拉邦科泽科德区的30岁渔民KV Priyesh每次出海时都会被渔网中的塑料垃圾所困扰，然后他开始和朋友一起捡垃圾的故事。
Ⅴ.语法填空
living
trapped
1.考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，所以此处用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语a fisherman与live之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故填living。
2.考查非谓语动词。get trapped in...“被困在……里面”。故填trapped。
解析
While out on his boat in Chombala Harbor in Kerala，India，KV Priyesh noticed that his nets would pull in just as much plastic waste as they would fish.This was not only counterproductive，but it was also 3.________(deep) disturbing.
考查副词。此处用副词deeply“非常，极其”修饰形容词disturbing。故填deeply。
解析
deeply
“The sea is my home，”4. 30-year-old fisherman told The Better India.
考查冠词。“30-year-old fisherman”就是指上文提到的 KV Priyesh，表示特指，用定冠词the。故填the。
解析
the
“How would you feel if everyone is trashing your home and there is so much garbage 5._____ you can’t breathe？That is perhaps how the 6.__________(creature) in the ocean feel.
5.考查状语从句。此处是 so...that...引导的结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。故填that。
6.考查名词的数。海洋里的生物有很多，应用复数形式，后面的动词原形feel也是提示。故填creatures。
解析
that
creatures
While most people think that the waste can 7. (find) largely along the shores，the reality is that one can find it in the deep parts of the ocean as well，” he said.
考查被动语态。the waste 和 find 之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be found。
解析
be found
“It’s not just tourists cruising on ferries；even fishermen are 8._________ (guilt) of throwing plastic bottles that they carry with them to the sea.”
考查形容词。此处用形容词作表语，be guilty of“对……应负责任”。故填guilty。
解析
guilty
Over time，Priyesh began collecting plastic waste each night 9._______ teamed up with a local businessman who owns a plastic shredder(破碎机).
考查连词。此处用and连接两个并列的谓语began和teamed up with。故填and。
解析
and
They estimate that they 10._____________(collect) 13.5 metric tons of plastic over the years，and their efforts have been recognized by community members.
考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语 over the years 可判断此处应用现在完成时。主语为they，助动词用have。故填have collected。
解析
have collected
返 回
本课结束Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the reports
A．Peaceful life in the community.
B．Conflicts happening in the community.
C．Harm brought by impolite neighbours in the community.
D．Prejudice existing between neighbours in the community.
答案　B
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
Ⅰ.Read the first report on P30 and choose the best answer.
1．What can be learned from the flat-owner’s words
A．He did know Ma Ming was a drummer.
B．He regrets renting the flat to Ma Ming.
C．He disagrees with most of the neighbours.
D．He likes listening to Ma Ming’s playing the drum.
答案　B
2．What did the community council do to deal with Ma Ming’s matter
A．They forced Ma Ming to leave the community.
B．They warned Ma Ming to have enough sleep.
C．They voted on the matter and gave Ma Ming a warning.
D．They asked Ma Ming to stop drumming and leave the community.
答案　C
3．What is the attitude of Ma Ming towards the conflict
A．He was angry with people who considered his music as noise.
B．He realized his mistake and was willing to make an apology.
C．He was glad to leave the flat and live in a hotel.
D．He thought people were prejudiced against him.
答案　D
4．What’s the meaning of the title “Drummer Hits the Road”？
A．The drummer hits another car on the road.
B．The drummer has nothing to hit but the road.
C．The drummer falls down on the road from the sky.
D．The drummer has to start a journey to look for a proper house to stay in.
答案　D
Ⅱ.Read the second report on P31 and choose the best answer.
1．What can we know about James McKay according to the first paragraph
A．James is now working as a tailor.
B．James spent one night in the prison.
C．James hit his neighbour Keith Smith without reasons.
D．James is a pleasant old man who is sometimes violent.
答案　B
2．What do we know from the last paragraph
A．Smith withdrew the case and left the flat.
B．McKay is a cheerful and humorous old man.
C．The police would go on looking into the case.
D．McKay was excited about being put into the cell.
答案　B
3．Which word can be used to describe James McKay
A．Violent. B．Friendly.
C．Easily-excited. D．Bad-tempered.
答案　B
Ⅲ.Read the two reports again and choose the best answer.
1．What do the two reports want to tell us
A．We should not play drums at night.
B．Any conflict can be handled in peace.
C．Too many showers do harm to our health.
D．A harmonious atmosphere is very necessary for living in a community.
答案　D
2．In which section of a newspaper may these texts appear
A．Education.
B．Entertainment.
C．Science and technology.
D．Interpersonal relationships.
答案　D
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
The following are two reports，both of 1.which are about the conflicts between neighbours.In the first report，a young drummer 2.named(name) Ma Ming rented a flat in a community，but as a single man，he often held parties and drummed late at night，which annoyed his neighbours.So they asked the community council to take action.They took a vote and came to a 3.resolution(resolve)．They demanded that Ma Ming should cease 4.drumming(drum) or leave the property.At last，he chose to move and live in a hotel.
The other report is about the conflict between a retired tailor,80-year-old James McKay，and a keen gardener and fish collector,30-year-old Keith Smith，who lived above 5.the McKays.One evening,6.on the tailor’s birthday，his wife made a cake for him and they were enjoying the starry night on their balcony 7.when the fish collector emptied one of his tanks over the balcony and both the couple and the cake were wet through.The tailor was so angry that he 8.rushed(rush) upstairs and hit the trouble-maker over the head with his walking stick.As a consequence，he spent Saturday night in a cell.9.Fortunately(fortunate)，the fish collector was not going to take things further with the police，so the old tailor was released from the police station.In the meantime，the fish collector promised 10.to change(change) his ways from then on.
1．Being single，Ma Ming often held parties(party) at night，but the biggest problem was his tendency to drum(drum) late at night.(P30，Para.2)
结构分析：此句是but连接的并列句。第一个分句中Being single是现在分词短语作原因状语；第二个分句是主系表结构。
汉语翻译：马明是个单身汉，经常在晚上开派对，但最大的问题是他常常打鼓到深夜。
2．The neighbours quickly(quick) realised they were in trouble when he moved in.(P30，Para.2)
结构分析：此句是复合句。realised后是省略了that的宾语从句；when引导时间状语从句。
汉语翻译：他一搬进来，邻居们就意识到麻烦来了。
3．McKay’s wife，Laurene said that，while McKay is usually a peaceful and pleasant(please) person，he had been driven to this act of violence(violent) by literally getting wet just once too often.(P31，Para.1)
结构分析：此句是复合句。Laurene是McKay’s wife的同位语；that引导宾语从句，其中while引导让步状语从句。
汉语翻译：迈奇的妻子劳瑞恩说，他平时是个平和、愉悦的人，是因为再三被淋湿，才会做出这种暴力的行为。
4．Unfortunately(fortunate)，the water he sent over his balcony every day ended up on the McKays’ floor，or too often，on the unsuspecting McKays themselves.(P31，Para.2)
结构分析：此句是复合句。he sent over his balcony every day是省略that/which的定语从句，修饰the water。
汉语翻译：不幸的是，他每天在阳台上浇的水最后都落到迈奇家的地板上，也经常洒在毫无防备的迈奇夫妇身上。
5．She added that it wasn’t only the water falling onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that bothered(bother) them，but also the way he cleaned his fish tanks.(P31，Para.3)
结构分析：此句是复合句。第一个that引导宾语从句，从句中使用了it was...that...强调句型；falling onto their balcony from Smith是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰the water；he cleaned his fish tanks是省略了that/in which的定语从句，修饰the way。
汉语翻译：她还说，困扰他们的不仅是史密斯给植物浇水时洒到阳台上的水，还有他清理鱼缸的方式。
6．The candles were a great sight as you can imagine，but James didn’t get to blow them out.(P31，Para.4)
结构分析：此句为复合句。as引导定语从句。
汉语翻译：你可以想象蜡烛有多么漂亮，可詹姆斯却没能把蜡烛吹灭。
vote n．投票(指行为)；票数；选票；表决 vt.& vi.投票；选举；表决
·take/have a vote on 投票表决
·vote for投票支持
vote against投票反对
vote on就……投票表决
vote to do sth表决做某事
(1)We’ll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on them.
(2)Whether you vote for or against the plan doesn’t seem to matter very much.
(3)There were some disagreements about the new plan，so we will vote to make(make) the final decision.
[写作佳句]
(4)由于在这个问题上我们无法达成一致意见，让我们就此投票表决吧。
As we can’t agree on this matter，let’s take/have a vote on it.
tolerate vt.忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容(tolerance n．容忍；忍受 tolerant adj.宽容的)
·tolerate doing sth容忍做某事
·be tolerant of/towards对……容忍/宽容
表示“容忍；忍受”的动词(短语)还有：bear，endure(忍耐)，stand和put up with等。
(1)No one can tolerate being bothered(bother) so frequently with such things.
(2)He is always tolerant(tolerate) of others，which is one of his most striking strengths.
(3)We should have a policy of zero tolerance(tolerate) for the problem of food safety.
[写作佳句]
(4)我坚信你对你的新室友宽容是很明智的。(应用文写作之建议信)
I firmly believe that it is wise of you to tolerate/be tolerant of/towards your new roommates.
bother vt.& vi.(使)担心，(使)生气，(使)苦恼 n．麻烦；令人烦恼的事或人
bother sb with/about sth因某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother to do/doing sth费心做某事
It bothers sb that/to do...使某人苦恼的是……
Don’t bother.不必麻烦。
(1)Now that you are not keen on the chorus，why bother to apply/applying(apply) for it
(2)Her son didn’t work very hard at school.It bothered her much.
→What bothered her much was that her son didn’t work very hard at school.(改成what引导的主语从句)
→It bothered her much that her son didn’t work very hard at school.(改成it作形式主语)
[写作佳句]
(3)无论如何，没有必要为小事而烦恼，因为它们只会浪费你的时间和精力。
Anyhow，there is no need to bother yourself about/with small things because they only waste your time and energy.
if引导的虚拟条件句
The flat-owner said if he had known that Ma Ming was a drummer，he wouldn’t have rented the flat to him.(P30，Para.2)
房东说他如果知道马明是个鼓手，就不会把房子租给他。
结构分析：本句含有if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反。
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
if引导的虚拟条件句分三种情况：
·与现在事实相反，从句用过去时(be动词用were)，主句用would/should/could/might＋动词原形。
·与过去事实相反，从句用had done，主句用would/should/could/might＋have done。
·与将来事实相反，从句用过去时(be动词用were)/were to do/should＋动词原形，主句用would/should/might/could＋动词原形。
注意：有时条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致，这类句子称为错综虚拟语气，此时主从句动词的形式应根据各自所表示的时间进行调整。
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
(1)If you kept(keep) your room tidy，then it wouldn’t bother me so long to clean it.
(2)If I were(be) you，I would give him some encouragement rather than annoying scolding.
[写作佳句]
(3)(2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)如果我没有遇到Gunter，我可能会在布拉格的会议上迟到。
If I hadn’t met Gunter，I would probably have been late for my conference in Prague.
(4)(2024·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)如果你来拜访我，我一定会带你去体验那里充满活力的氛围。
If you were to/should come to visit me，I would definitely bring you there to experience the vibrant atomosphere.
阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成文后的练习
“What shall I read？” You might have asked yourself this question more than once.If you are not sure what to read，you can get ideas from different sources，but it is also important to develop your own taste.
To start with，ask your friends，parents and teachers to recommend what books you ought to read.Most people will be happy to share their favourite books with others.Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials that can be found in the library or bookshop easily.You could also read book reviews in newspapers，in magazines or online.A book review can often tell you whether a book is worth reading or not.
These ideas should point you in the right direction.However，you must also decide for yourself what kind of books to read.You do not have to read a book just because everyone recommends it.Instead，look for books on topics that interest you.Take time to look through the collections in different sections of your local library，and you are likely to come across books you love to read.Over time，you may find yourself better able to seek out books to your taste and enjoy reading all the more.
1．以上黑体词为情态动词，这类词本身有词义，表示说话人的语气或情态，在句中不能单独用作谓语，一般需要和动词原形连用。
2．情态动词一般无人称和数的变化，个别情态动词有现在时和过去时两种时态。
情态动词
一、情态动词的概念
情态动词(Modal Verbs)表示说话人的语气或情态，如命令、允诺、请求、拒绝、愿望、意愿、义务、必要、可能、能力、敢于、需要等。情态动词有词义但词义不完整，不能单独用作谓语，一般需要和动词原形连用。
二、情态动词的特征
1．情态动词后面一般直接加动词原形；
2．情态动词没有人称和数的变化，第三人称单数的现在时也无变化；
3．情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、动名词或分词形式；
4．情态动词只有现在式和过去式两种形式，但可以表示现在、过去和将来时间。
三、情态动词的用法
1．can与could的用法
(1)表示能力：can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。
I can play basketball now，but I couldn’t when I was young.
现在我会打篮球了，但小时候我不会。
(2)表示请求和许可：could语气比can委婉，但回答时只能用can。
—Can/Could you lend me a hand
—Yes，I can.
——你能帮我一下吗？
——我能。
(3)表示推测，意为“可能”。多用于否定句或疑问句。
—Can he be in the reading room now
—No，he can’t be in it.Because I saw him in the office just now.
——他现在可能在阅览室吗？
——不，他不可能在阅览室。因为我刚刚在办公室看见他了。
(4)表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“可能会”。
I think some advertisements can be quite dangerous.
我认为有些广告可能会非常有害。
比较　can，be able to表示“能力”时的区别
can 用于指现在，常表示自身具有的能力。
be able to 用于各种时态，常表示经过努力后所具有的能力。
Babies can swim when they are born.
婴儿们刚出生时会游泳。(自身具有的能力)
Without his hard work，he was not able to get good grades.
如果没有他的努力工作，他是不可能取得好成绩的。(经过努力后具有的能力)
2．may与might的用法
(1)表示征求对方的许可或允许(不用might)。
—May I come in
—Yes，you may/can.
——我可以进来吗？
——是的，你可以进来。
(2)表示推测(把握不大)，意为“可能”，多用于肯定句。might比may的可能性更小。
It may/might rain this afternoon.You’d better take a raincoat with you.
今天下午可能会下雨。你最好带上雨衣。
(3)may用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
May you have a good journey!
祝你旅途愉快！
注意：may表示征求允许时的否定回答是must not(不应该，不行)。
—May I take this book out of the reading room
—No，you mustn’t.
——我可以把这本书拿出阅览室吗？
——不行。
3．will与would的用法
will用于将来时态的构成，表示意志、意愿、决心等，其过去式是would。would可以表示“过去常常做……”。
She will take part in the opening ceremony if she has free time tomorrow.
如果明天有时间，她愿意参加开幕式。
I still remember my happy childhood when my mother would take me to Disneyland at weekends.
我还记得快乐的童年时光，当时妈妈常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。
4．should与ought to的用法
(1)表示责任或义务，意为“应该”。用于表示按道理应当，常指客观的义务或责任。ought to比should的语气重，也更正式。
You ought to/should follow the old man’s advice.
你应当听那位老人的建议。
(2)表示劝告、建议或命令。should和ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。ought to的否定式为oughtn’t to或ought not to。
You ought to/should go to the clinic at once.You don’t look well.
你脸色不好，应该马上到医务室去。
(3)表示推测。两者可换用。
This is where the oil ought to/should be.
这里应该就是石油存在的地方。
(4)should还可以表示惊讶或不相信，意为“竟然”，此时不可以和ought to互换。
Really strange，I can’t believe Steven should be late for work.
真奇怪，我难以相信史蒂文居然上班迟到了。
5．shall的用法
(1)用于一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方意见。
Shall I open the window in the sitting-room
我可以打开客厅的窗户吗？
(2)用于二、三人称的陈述句中，表示允许、命令、警告和决心。
You shall return this book to the library before June 1st.
六月一号前你要把书还回图书馆。
Anyone shall be punished if he/she breaks the school rules.
任何人违反学校规定都将受到惩罚。
6．must的用法
(1)表示命令或强烈的建议，意为“必须”。
All the students must obey the school rules.
所有学生必须遵守校规。
(2)表示十分肯定的推测，意为“一定；准是”。
Betty must be in the next room.I can hear her talking there.
贝蒂肯定在隔壁房间。我能听见她在那里讲话。
(3)表示抱怨、不满等感彩，常以第二人称为主语，意为“偏要；硬要；偏偏”。
Must you make so much noise when I have a rest
你非得在我休息时弄出这么大的声音吗？
(4)must not表示禁止，意为“不许；不准；不可以”。
You mustn’t stop your car in the busy street.
你不能把车停在繁忙的路上。
注意：回答must问句时，肯定回答多用must；否定回答多用needn’t或don’t have to。
—Must I finish my homework before eight o’clock
—Yes，you must.(No，you needn’t/you don’t have to.)
——我必须在8点之前完成作业吗？
——是的，必须。(不，没必要。)
比较　must和have to
(1)have to“不得不”，有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定形式为don’t/doesn’t/didn’t have to。
(2)have to表示一种客观的需要，而must表示一种主观的需要。
It’s too late.I have to go home now.
天色太晚了，我现在得回家了。
You don’t have to finish the work now.
你没有必要现在完成这项工作。
You must obey the school rules.
你必须遵守校规。
7．dare与need的用法
(1)need与dare用作情态动词时，常用于否定句与疑问句；在疑问句中把dare和need提前，在否定句中直接在其后加not。
(2)need与dare用作实义动词时有人称、数及时态的变化，多用于肯定句；如果用于否定句或疑问句，需要加助动词do/does，且其后要加(to) do。
How dare you talk to me in such a rude way
你怎么敢这么粗鲁地跟我说话？
I wonder how he dares to say such things.
我纳闷他怎么敢说出这样的话来。
We don’t dare (to) say anything about the present situation.
对于目前的形势我们什么也不敢说。
You needn’t worry about him because he has been old enough to take care of himself.
你不必为他担心，他已经足够大能照顾自己了。
四、“情态动词＋have done”的用法
“情态动词＋have done”表示对过去事情的推测或者表示虚拟。各情态动词的这种具体用法如下表：
can’t/couldn’t have done 过去不可能做(表推测)
must have done 过去一定做了(表推测)
may/might have done 过去也许做了(表推测)
could have done 本可以做而未做(表虚拟)
should/ought to have done 本该做而未做(表虚拟)
might have done 本有可能做而未做(表虚拟)
needn’t have done 本不必做而做了(表虚拟)
He can’t/couldn’t have watched TV last night，for he knew he would have a test.
昨天晚上他不可能看电视，因为他知道就要考试了。
From what you said，she must have told you all about it.
从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。
He could have passed the exam，but he was too careless.
本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心了。
You should/ought to have told me earlier or I might have gone with them.
你本应该早点告诉我，不然我可能就和他们一块去了。
I needn’t have cooked so much food.Nobody was hungry.
我本不必做这么多食物，大家都不饿。
Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空
1．You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.
2．—Mary knows the city quite well.
—She may well have been there before.
3．When he worked there，he would have a walk along the river every morning.
4．It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it can be rather cold sometimes.
5．—Excuse me，do you mind if I open the window
—Well，if you must，I can put on more clothes.
Ⅱ.从括号中选出适当的情态动词填空
When my English teacher suggested that I read Charles Dickens’s A Christmas Carol，I thought，“I 1.can’t(can’t/shouldn’t) read this！It 2.must(has to/must) be very boring！” Surprisingly，it turned out the exact opposite.I 3.could(could/might) not stop turning the pages!
The book’s main character is Scrooge，a rich but mean old man.He hates all kinds of celebrations.On Christmas Eve，he is transported to different points in his life by three spirits.In the end，he reflects on these moments and realizes his mistakes.Then he decides that he 4.must(might/must) change himself.On Christmas morning，he sends a large turkey to a poor man for Christmas dinner.He also tries to make his family and friends happy by spending time with them.
There is something that 5.can(can/must) be learned from A Christmas Carol：we 6.should(should/may) treat others with kindness，generosity and love.I think everyone 7.ought to(would/ought to) read this book.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．You can’t be too careful(再怎么小心都不为过) when crossing the street.
2．I am feeling sick and I shouldn’t have eaten(本不应该吃) so much chocolate.
3．Two years later，he was able to speak fluent Chinese(能够说流利的汉语了)．
4．We were badly in need of help then，but we dared not (to) turn to him(不敢向他求助)．
5．My father suggested that I should set a clear goal(我应该树立一个明确的目标) and struggle for it.
6．Paul did a great job in the speech contest.He must have practised many times(一定练习了很多次) last week.
7．The workers were not better organized，otherwise they would have accomplished the task(他们就完成任务了) in half the time.
8．He can’t have finished(不可能已经完成) writing the paper now.He hadn’t written a single word when I left him ten minutes ago.
训练2　Lesson 1
[分值：77.5分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．The wolves have been howling on/at the edge of the forest for hours，disturbing the remote village.
2．Doctors issued a warning(warn) against eating any fish caught in the river after detecting high levels of pollution.
3．She was walking along the bank of the river when she heard a cry for help.
4．He has always been very keen on doing physical exercise but lacks self-control.
5．They have received no news of him since his departure(depart) from the island，which left them somewhat anxious.
6．I can’t thank you too much because without your help I wouldn’t have won first prize.
7．Don’t bother your parents about/with the problem.Try to negotiate with your roommate for a solution together.
8．We received a lot of complaints(complain) from customers about the increasing prices.
9．What they will never cease doing(do) is to reveal the unfairness and prejudice against the poor.
10．We can’t tolerate people throwing(throw) garbage here and there，so we will launch a campaign to appeal to people to protect the environment.
Ⅱ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)(满分15分)
(应用文写作——送陌生老人去医院)
1．我正跟朋友走在街上，这时我们突然看到一个老人躺在地上。(be doing...when...)
I was walking in the street with my friend when we saw an old man lying on the ground.
2．遗憾的是，在那种情况下竟然没有人帮他。(It is a shame that...)
It was a shame that nobody came to help him in that case.
3．我们对人们的冷漠与无情感到很愤怒。(annoyed)
We were annoyed at people’s indifference and coldness.
4．我们简单商议了一下，很快就将老人送往了医院。(negotiate)
Having briefly negotiated，we rushed the old man to hospital quickly.
5．医生说如果他没被及时送往医院，后果将会很严重。(if引导虚拟条件句)
The doctor said that if he hadn’t been sent to hospital in time，there would have been serious results.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
参考范文
I was walking in the street with my friend when we saw an old man lying on the ground.It was a shame that nobody came to help him in that case.On seeing it，we were annoyed at people’s indifference and coldness.Having briefly negotiated，we rushed the old man to hospital quickly.The doctor said that if he hadn’t been sent to hospital in time，there would have been serious results.Fortunately，the old man recovered slowly after the doctor’s treatment.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
When reading，my mother likes to slice a paragraph or a sentence out and attach it to the wall of her kitchen.She picks boring sentences that puzzle me.But I prefer copying favorite bright lines into a journal in soft，gray No.2 pencil，word by word.
She doesn’t know any of this.There’s nothing shocking：for our chatting.We seldom begin certain conversations though we talk on the phone weekly，sometimes making each other laugh so hard that I choke and she cries.But what we don’t say could fill up rooms.Fights with my father.Small failures in school.Anything that really upsets us.
My mother has never told me “I love you，Lisa.”—as if the four-word absence explains who I am—so I carry it with me，like a label on me.The last time she almost spoke the words was two years ago，when she called to tell me a friend had been in hospital.I said，“I love you，Mom.” She stopped for a while and then said，“Thank you.” I haven’t said it since，but I’ve wondered why my mother doesn’t until I’ve found a poem that supplies words for the blank spaces I try to understand in our conversations：
Don’t fill up on bread.I say absent-mindedly.The servings here are huge.
My son，middle-aged，says：Did you really just say that to me
What he doesn’t know is that when we’re walking together，I desire to reach for his hand.
It’s humble，yet heartbreaking.After copying it down in my journal，I emailed it to Mom，adding “This poem makes me think of you.” My mother doesn’t read poetry—or at least，she doesn’t tell me，and I felt nervous clicking “Send”．
She never mentioned the poem.But the next time I went home for vacation，I noticed something new in the kitchen fixed to an antique board：the poem.The board hung above the heater，the warmest spot in the kitchen.The poem still hangs there.Neither my mother nor I have ever spoken about it.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者母亲在表达爱时的内敛和寡言少语让作者很不理解，但是最终一首诗解开了作者的迷惑。
1．What’s the function of paragraph 1
A．To stress the theme.
B．To establish the setting.
C．To represent the characters.
D．To create the atmosphere.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。第一段描写的是作者和妈妈不同的阅读方式。由此可推知，第一段的作用是来展示两人不同的性格特征。故选C。
2．Which of the following best describes the mother-daughter relationship
A．Shaky. B．Distant.
C．Reserved. D．Intense.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，母女俩之间有很多话题都没有彼此交流过，特别是让她们伤心的事。由此可推知，“有所保留的”是最能描述母女关系的。故选C。
3．Why did the author send the poem to her mom
A．It reminded her of Mom’s love.
B．She wanted to apologize to Mom.
C．It suited Mom’s taste of literature.
D．She needed an interpretation from Mom.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“After copying it...‘This poem makes me think of you.’”可知，作者把这首诗寄给她的妈妈是因为这让她想起了妈妈的爱。故选A。
4．What does the poem mean to Mom
A．A memory of golden days.
B．Daughter’s gratefulness to her.
C．A decoration in the plain kitchen.
D．Daughter’s understanding of her.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“I haven’t said it since，...understand in our conversations(从那以后，我再也没有说过这句话，但我一直在想，为什么母亲一直不说，直到我找到了一首诗，为我解开了迷惑)．”可知，这首诗对妈妈而言意味着女儿对她的理解。故选D。
B
People from different backgrounds working together at big companies often have trouble understanding each other’s cultures when they talk，whether in person or online.Just making your point clear isn’t enough.You have to truly understand cross-cultural communication for efficient cooperation and business success.
Often referred to as intercultural communication，cross-cultural communication is the study of how verbal and nonverbal communication takes place among individuals from different backgrounds，geographies，and cultures.
Since cross-cultural communication is how people belonging to different cultures communicate with each other，there are bound to be conflicts between different cultures.One way to reduce these conflicts is strengthening diversity when hiring.When people from differing cultures work toward a common goal，the risk of offensive misunderstandings decreases，and the quality of work increases.
Companies with multicultural environments must focus on cross-cultural communication skills to create a positive work culture.With thoughtful cross-cultural communication，you can remove miscommunication and build strong relationships with people from different backgrounds.This multicultural communication enables every stakeholder to benefit from the free exchange of information.Strong intercultural communication can also help companies find opportunities and promote business growth.For example，employees from diverse cultural backgrounds and age groups can share unique insights about their generations’ consumer behavior，preferences，and habits.Their understanding of the target market can help you fuel business growth across markets.
The first and most commonly forgotten step in becoming culturally aware is to reflect on your own culture.In order to learn about others，you must first know about yourself.Perform a self-evaluation and consider the culture with which you identify，what aspects of that particular culture are connected with you，and what style of communication your culture has lent you.Reflecting upon your own culture will help you embrace cultural differences with an open mind.When surrounded by like-minded people，it’s easy to forget that what you do and how you act are not the universal norm.That’s why looking at yourself critically will improve your cultural awareness，thus promoting effective intercultural communication.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了工作中的跨文化交流现象以及这一现象产生的问题冲突以及解决方法。
5．How does the author introduce the topic of the text
A．By making a comparison.
B．By describing a phenomenon.
C．By telling causes and effects.
D．By giving an assumption.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，来自不同背景的人在大公司一起工作时，无论是面对面还是在线交谈，往往难以理解彼此的文化。仅仅阐明你的观点是不够的。为了高效合作和商业成功，你必须真正理解跨文化沟通。作者通过描述一个现象引入文章的主题。故选B。
6．What is a useful method to cut down conflicts and misunderstandings
A．Employers hire people from different age groups.
B．Employees try to create a positive work culture.
C．Employers set achievable goals for employees.
D．Employees from various cultures cooperate.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“...there are bound to be conflicts between different cultures.One way to reduce these conflicts is strengthening diversity when hiring.When people from differing cultures work toward a common goal，the risk of offensive misunderstandings decreases，and the quality of work increases.”可知，减少冲突和误解的有效方法是不同文化背景的员工合作。故选D。
7．What does paragraph 4 mainly focus on
A．The significance of intercultural communication.
B．The methods companies use to improve harmony.
C．The understanding of multicultural environment.
D．The present situation global companies encounter.
答案　A
解析　段落大意题。根据第四段“Companies with multicultural environments must focus on cross-cultural communication skills to create a positive work culture...you can remove miscommunication and build strong relationships...This multicultural communication enables every stakeholder to benefit from...Strong intercultural communication can also help...can help you fuel business growth across markets.”可知，第四段使用了许多诸如 “you can...”，“enable...to....”，“can help...” 等表达，来说明跨文化交流的重要性。故选A。
8．What might the author continue talking about
A．The importance of reflecting on your own culture.
B．The value of realizing and accepting cultural shocks.
C．Other tips for effective cross-cultural communication.
D．More examples of successful intercultural cooperation.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“That’s why looking at yourself critically will improve your cultural awareness，thus promoting effective intercultural communication.(这就是为什么批判性地审视自己会提高你的文化意识，从而促进有效的跨文化交流)”可知，作者可能会继续谈论其他有效的跨文化沟通技巧。故选C。
Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
How to Tolerate Those You Have a Personality Conflict with
Living or working with people who have very different personalities or beliefs from you can present challenges. 1 Here are some strategies to help you navigate these difficult interactions and maintain healthy relationships and a harmonious environment.
2 In many cases，a personality conflict arises because of expectations，differences of opinion，or some other underlying issues.Consider if you’ve had a bad experience with the person，or if you’re relying on rumors(传言) or someone else’s conflict to inform your opinion on the person.Figuring out the roots may help you realize that your conflict is foolish.
Get to know the person.Every person has their own perspectives that are formed based on their experiences.Consider where this person is coming from through his or her behaviors. 3 Acknowledging that his or her perspectives differ from yours can help you to give the person a chance.
Identify the virtues in the person.Holding on to negative thoughts and attitudes about another person is draining(使人心力交瘁的)． 4 Learn to see the positive in any person.Even the worst person has good qualities.It might take some time to recognize them，but being able to see the positive traits in a person can help you to shift your relationship with him or her.
Limit interactions with the person.If you genuinely find it challenging to put up with someone，minimize interactions with him or her.There are different ways to achieve it.For example，if you are at social settings，don’t sit near him or her or move if he or she is close to you.Nevertheless，sometimes you have to engage with the person either professionally or personally. 5
A．Let go of your expectations.
B．You are ultimately the judge of your situation.
C．Determine the source of your conflict with the person.
D．When you constantly harbor them，they can become stronger.
E．Should this occur，remember to keep the contact civil and polite.
F．Relevant context information can help you accept the person as he or she is.
G．However，learning to tolerate and manage these differences is mentally crucial.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章就如何处理同与你性格有冲突的人的关系提出建议。
1．答案　G
解析　根据上文“Living or working with people who have very different personalities or beliefs from you can present challenges.”和下文“Here are some strategies to help you...”可知，上文提到与个性或信仰与你截然不同的人一起生活或工作可能会带来挑战，下文提到有一些策略可以帮到你，空处应该是一个过渡句。G项“然而，学会容忍和处理这些不同在心理上很关键”与上文形成转折，并引出下文的策略，符合语境。故选G。
2．答案　C
解析　空处为段落主题句。根据本段内容尤其是最后一句“Figuring out the roots may help you realize that your conflict is foolish.”可知，本段建议找出冲突的根源。C项“确定你与对方的冲突的根源”可总领本段内容，符合语境，且其中的“source”和下文中的“roots”对应。故选C。
3．答案　F
解析　根据上文“Get to know the person.Every person has their own perspectives that are formed based on their experiences.Consider where this person is coming from through his or her behaviors.”可知，上文提到要考虑这个人的经历和行为来了解他/她，而F选项中的“Relevant context information”指的是这个人的背景信息，即上文提到的“经历”和“行为”，所以F项“相关的背景信息可以帮助你接受这个人的本来面目”承接上文，符合语境。故选F。
4．答案　D
解析　根据上文“Holding on to negative thoughts and attitudes about another person is draining(使人心力交瘁的)．”可知，坚持对另一个人的消极想法和态度是消耗精力的，D项“当你不断保持这些消极想法时，它们会变得更强”承接上文，继续说明其负面影响，符合语境，D项中的“them”指代上文中的“negative thoughts and attitudes”。故选D。
5．答案　E
解析　根据上文“Nevertheless，sometimes you have to engage with the person either professionally or personally.”可知，有时候你不得不在工作或私人场合与这个人打交道。E项“如果发生这种情况，记得要保持文明和礼貌的联系”承接上文，说明如果上文描述的情况发生时，你要如何应对，符合语境。故选E。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
KV Priyesh，a fisherman,1. (live) in Kerala’s Kozhikode District，was increasingly disturbed by the amount of plastic waste that would get 2. (trap) in his fishing nets，every time he went out to the sea.
While out on his boat in Chombala Harbor in Kerala，India，KV Priyesh noticed that his nets would pull in just as much plastic waste as they would fish.This was not only counterproductive，but it was also 3. (deep) disturbing.
“The sea is my home，”4. 30-year-old fisherman told The Better India.“How would you feel if everyone is trashing your home and there is so much garbage 5._________ you can’t breathe？That is perhaps how the 6. (creature) in the ocean feel.While most people think that the waste can 7. (find) largely along the shores，the reality is that one can find it in the deep parts of the ocean as well，” he said.“It’s not just tourists cruising on ferries；even fishermen are 8. (guilt) of throwing plastic bottles that they carry with them to the sea.”
Over time，Priyesh began collecting plastic waste each night 9. teamed up with a local businessman who owns a plastic shredder(破碎机)．They estimate that they 10.__________(collect) 13.5 metric tons of plastic over the years，and their efforts have been recognized by community members.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了住在喀拉拉邦科泽科德区的30岁渔民KV Priyesh每次出海时都会被渔网中的塑料垃圾所困扰，然后他开始和朋友一起捡垃圾的故事。
1．答案　living
解析　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，所以此处用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语a fisherman与live之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故填living。
2．答案　trapped
解析　考查非谓语动词。get trapped in...“被困在……里面”。故填trapped。
3．答案　deeply
解析　考查副词。此处用副词deeply“非常，极其”修饰形容词disturbing。故填deeply。
4．答案　the
解析　考查冠词。“30-year-old fisherman”就是指上文提到的 KV Priyesh，表示特指，用定冠词the。故填the。
5．答案　that
解析　考查状语从句。此处是 so...that...引导的结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。故填that。
6．答案　creatures
解析　考查名词的数。海洋里的生物有很多，应用复数形式，后面的动词原形feel也是提示。故填creatures。
7．答案　be found
解析　考查被动语态。the waste 和 find 之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be found。
8．答案　guilty
解析　考查形容词。此处用形容词作表语，be guilty of“对……应负责任”。故填guilty。
9．答案　and
解析　考查连词。此处用and连接两个并列的谓语began和teamed up with。故填and。
10．答案　have collected
解析　考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语 over the years 可判断此处应用现在完成时。主语为they，助动词用have。故填have collected。

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