资源简介

(共65张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Lesson 2
INNOVATION
UNIT 12
内容索引
Part 1　听力变式训练
Part 2　语言知识梳理
训练3
听力变式训练
Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式)
Listen to Part 1 of the interview on P56 and choose the best answer.
1.What is the relationship between the two speakers
A.Colleagues.
B.Professor and student.
C.Interviewer and interviewee.
√
2.What are they talking about
A.The “aha moment”.
B.Where inspirations come from.
C.People’s misunderstanding at some moment.
√
3.What does Dr.Bond imply about the efforts behind a sudden brilliant idea
A.It requires luck and chance.
B.It involves intense hard work.
C.It comes from constant mental work.
√
4.Why does Dr.Bond refer to Albert Einstein
A.To prove his opinion.
B.To show Albert Einstein is a great scientist.
C.To stress Albert Einstein is very hard-working.
√
Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练)
Listen to Part 2 and Part 3 of the interview (12.4 & 12.5) on P57 and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
12.4
(H＝Host　D＝Dr.Bond)
H：But does it mean hard work will lead to an “aha moment”？
D：Of course not.There are 1._______ stages in the creative process.The first stage is 2.____________.And the next three stages are 3.___________
_________________________.I will explain them further in the second period.
four
preparation
incubation，
evaluation and elaboration
H：OK，thank you very much，Dr.Bond.We’ll be back soon.Please stay with us.
12.5
(H＝Host　D＝Dr.Bond)
H：Hello，everyone.Welcome back.So Dr.Bond，just now you talked about the four stages before an “aha moment” may occur.Would you please tell us more about the stages
D：Sure.As I said，the first stage is “preparation”.You need to 4.________
__________________ the field or area.
H：Could you explain what “incubation” means
become
deeply involved in
D：After you become deeply involved in an area，you do nothing.You just 5.________________ it.For example，Mozart used to spend hours a day just walking around.Then suddenly，he had the “aha experience”.
H：Does that mean “doing nothing”？
D：Well，most of us think it’s 6.______________ if we do nothing meaningful or creative.In fact，this is not often the case.All we need to understand is that creative insights 7.__________________________.
H：OK.I see.We shouldn’t worry but keep calm and wait for ideas to grow，right
bury yourself in
a waste of time
take time to grow or emerge
D：Exactly.The third stage is called “evaluation”.Once some ideas come up，don’t accept or act immediately，but 8._____________________.Ask yourself questions like：Does it really work？How does it work？Then if the idea is 9.___________，the last stage is “elaboration”.
H：I’m afraid I don’t understand what “elaboration” means.Can you explain more
D：This means that you spend hours and hours to 10.________________
_______ or 11._______________________.That is the whole creative process.
H：Thanks for sharing those interesting views about “aha moments”！
返 回
think carefully first
reasonable
write out your
articles
make your business plans
语言知识梳理
v.包含；需要；涉及，影响；使参加(involved adj.参与的；投入的；专心于……的involvement n.参与)
1
involve
·involve (doing) sth包括(做)某事；需要(做)某事
　involve sb/oneself in (doing) sth使某人/自己卷入/参与/专心于(做)某事
·be/get involved in (doing) sth卷入/参与(做)某事；专心于(做)某事
(1)Peace and stability in the world need the active ______________ (involve) of each country.
(2)Please convey my thanks to all the staff _________(involve)；they did an excellent job.
involvement
involved
(3)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involved ___________(spend) quite a lot of time with students.
(4)Nobody wants to ___________________(卷入战争)，not only civilians，but also the soldiers.
(5)Mary involved herself in the scientific research and had no time to accompany her families.
→________________________________，Mary had no time to accompany her families.(形容词短语作状语)
→______________________________________，Mary had no time to accompany her families.(现在分词短语作状语)
spending
get involved in wars
Involved in the scientific research
Involving herself in the scientific research
2
while 的用法
Why do some people work so hard but achieve very little，while some others seem to do nothing but good ideas emerge？(P114)
为什么有些人如此辛勤工作却收效甚微，而另一些人似乎无所事事，却有好点子层出不穷？
结构分析：while用作并列连词，表示前后分句的对比，意为“然而，可是”。
while的其他用法：
·引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。
·引导让步状语从句，常放在句首，译作“尽管”“虽然”，比although或 though语气要轻。
·引导条件状语从句，相当于as long as，意为“只要”。
·while还可以作名词，意为“一会儿”。
(1)面对困难，有些人选择轻易放弃，而其他人勇敢地去克服。
Facing difficulties，some people choose to easily give up ______
____________________________.
(2)尽管网上购物改变了我们的生活，但并非它所有的结果都是正面的。
_______________________________________，not all of its outcomes have been positive.
写作佳句
while
others bravely overcome them
While online shopping has changed our life
(3)我坐在椅子上打开包裹，当时他就站在我身后。
I sat on the chair to unwrap the package ____________________
____________.
(4)只要病人还有一线生机，医生就有责任挽救。
____________________________，it is a doctor’s duty to save the patient.
(5)走出去做点你喜欢的事情，让你的身体和大脑休息一会儿。
Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside __________，doing anything you enjoy.
返 回
while he was standing
behind me
While a spark of life remains
for a while
训练3
1.Unfortunately，the ___________(发现) in the study do not correspond with the previous ones.
2.Having your personal satellite _________(发射) into orbit might sound like an idea straight out of science fiction.
3.His academic performance is well above average，but he is still _________(谦虚的) and helpful.
4.When the brain is loaded to capacity，no new distractions can be ___________(察觉).
Ⅰ.单词拼写
findings
launched
humble
perceived
5.He is so gifted that he has acquired a reputation as this country’s _________(最好的) solo violinist.
6.Although he was interested in science，he was completely ________ about computers.
7.He says collaborations have also __________ because of increased possibilities and constant technological advancements.
8.Being too straightforward and ___________ could become one’s Achilles heel.
premier
clueless
emerged
outspoken
9._________ of people volunteered to donate a large amount of money to the victims of the earthquake.
10.The way the guests were treated in the hotel influenced their ____________ of the service.
Millions
evaluation
1.He decided to devote the rest of his life to _________(science) investigation.
2._______ this makes a lot of sense，it may result in many problems that otherwise would have been unnecessary.
3._____ coincidence，my best friend and I ended up working at the same advertising firm.
4.However，research has proved that people can learn to sleep more ___________(efficient).
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
scientific
While
By
efficiently
5.It will be many years before anyone can predict a hurricane’s behaviour _______ much accuracy.
6.The young physicist presented a groundbreaking _________(propose) on renewable energy at the science conference.
7.There are plenty of _________(emerge)，smaller industries，but which ones are the most promising
8.The book was published in 1954 and was ______________(subsequent) translated into fifteen languages.
with
proposal
emerging
subsequently
9.For a long time Gabriel didn’t want to be involved _____ music at all.
10.Scientists are ____________ the experiment and their ___________ will determine whether the fruit of it can be used in daily life.(evaluate)
in
evaluating
evaluation
A
Clean water might not grow on trees，but the trees might do the next best thing—provide a cheap and easy way of filtering(过滤) it.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院的研究人员发明新的木制滤水器，并将其投入实际使用。
Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) have been able to use wood from tree branches to filter water both in the laboratory and in the pared to other water filters，the new way of filtering water gets an edge.This could provide an inexpensive and low-tech alternative to costly methods of getting clean water in places that need it the most.
In a new study，researchers show that the natural structure of wood from non-flowering plants like pine provides enough filtration to remove bacteria from water.This method was already proven to work in a lab in 2014，but now the researchers have found，through interviews with potential users and tests of local water sources，that the tree-based purification system works just as well in the field in India and that the locals are willing to use it.
The branches of non-flowering plants are built of thin，straw-like tubes called xylem(木质部) in the layer of wood under the skin.The unique structure of the xylem tissue in the branches allows it to work as a water filter because these channels are connected to each other through porous membranes(多孔薄膜).These membranes can catch water pollutants，similar to a water filter membrane.
The researchers were even able to extend the shelf life of dry wood filters to around two years by dipping(浸泡) them in a protective mix of hot water and ethanol(乙醇).To make this potentially life-saving technology be reachable to those who need it，the construction of the filter is open to the public and instructions can be found on their website detailing how anyone can try to construct their own wood water filter.
1.What does the underlined “gets an edge” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Has a limitation. B.Has an advantage.
C.Faces a challenge. D.Produces an effect.
√
词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“This could provide an inexpensive and low-tech alternative to costly methods of getting clean water in places that need it the most.”可知，与其他滤水器相比，这种新型滤水器具有优势，画线部分的含义为“有优势”。故选B。
解析
2.Why does the author mention the example in India
A.To call on people to protect local water sources.
B.To show the consequences of lacking pure water.
C.To explain why water filters are in great demand.
D.To prove the water filter is effective and welcomed.
√
推理判断题。根据第三段中“This method was already proven to work in a lab in 2014，but now the researchers have found...the tree-based purification system works just as well in the field in India and that the locals are willing to use it.”可知，作者提到印度的例子是为了证明这种新的滤水器在实践中是有效且受欢迎的。故选D。
解析
3.What makes the branches of non-flowering plants act as a water filter
A.They are thinner than other plants’ branches.
B.They have wide straw-like tubes in the xylem tissue.
C.The tiny holes of membranes can trap water pollutants.
D.The layer of wood under their skin carries plenty of water.
√
细节理解题。根据第四段“The branches of non-flowering plants are...work as a water filter because these channels are connected to each other through porous membranes(多孔薄膜).These membranes can catch water pollutants，similar to a water filter membrane.”可知，膜上的小孔可以捕获水污染物，从而使不开花植物的枝条起到滤水器的作用。故选C。
解析
4.What does the passage mainly talk about
A.A unique way of obtaining water from plants.
B.The working principle of tree-based water filters.
C.MIT creates a high-tech water purification system.
D.MIT’s wooden water filter comes into practical use.
√
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段和最后一段内容可知，文章主要介绍麻省理工学院的研究人员发明了新的木制滤水器，并将其投入实际使用。故选D。
解析
B
Every winter，Thomas Jefferson brought in more than 60 wagonloads of ice from the nearby Rivanna River to keep his ice house filled.Despite the trouble and expense of keeping it filled，Jefferson’s ice house was extremely luxurious.Most people chose to can and salt their food to preserve it.If they were determined to keep food cold，they might rely on nearby rivers and springs，cold night air or snow-packed caves to keep things cold.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了制冷技术的历史背景、关键人物的贡献以及早期冰箱的发展过程。
While Jefferson was busy keeping his ice house filled，fellow founding father Benjamin Franklin was pushing us toward the invention of the refrigerator.Working with chemist John Hadley in 1758，Franklin did an experiment successfully.By repeatedly swabbing ether(乙醚) on a thermometer(温度计) and allowing it to evaporate(蒸发)，the pair were able to drop the thermometer’s temperature to well below freezing.
Another American inventor，Oliver Evans，would take the principles developed by Franklin and draw up a design for a refrigerator in 1805.Evans’ first love，however，was the steam engine，so he set his plans on ice while he spent his energy developing things like a steam-powered river boat.Thankfully，however，Evans’ design didn’t go to waste.While in Philadelphia，Evans became friends with a young inventor called Jacob Perkins.Even as a teenager，Perkins displayed remarkable inventiveness.The young inventor saw the promise in Evans’ work on refrigeration，and he took Evans’ design and began improving it，receiving a patent on his own design in 1834.Perkins then persuaded a man named John Hague to construct the machine，and the refrigerator was born.
Created more as an experiment than something fit for commercialization，Perkins’ product certainly had room for improvement.For instance，since Freon(氟利昂) wouldn’t be invented for another century or so，early refrigerators like Perkins’ used potentially dangerous chemicals such as ether and ammonia(氨) to function.Still，his device did manage to produce a small quantity of ice by using the same fundamental principles used in modern refrigeration.
Following Perkins’ success in creating a functioning fridge，other inventors moved the device rapidly toward commercialization.As for Perkins，he retired soon after inventing the refrigerator and died in 1849，never witnessing the great impact his invention had on modern life.
5.What is the purpose of the author mentioning Jefferson
A.To show the rich lived a luxurious life.
B.To introduce what he wants to talk about.
C.To show how famous people preserved food.
D.To introduce the working principle of the refrigerator.
√
推理判断题。根据第二段的“While Jefferson was busy keeping his ice house filled，fellow founding father Benjamin Franklin was pushing us toward the invention of the refrigerator.”可知，作者提到杰斐逊的目的是引出他想谈的话题，即下文冰箱的发明过程。故选B。
解析
6.What can we know about Franklin’s experiment
A.Ether is a chemical that can give off heat rapidly.
B.It tested the effects of evaporation on temperature.
C.It was conducted under the leadership of John Hadley.
D.The thermometer’s temperature falls when put into liquid water.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段的“By repeatedly swabbing ether(乙醚) on a thermometer(温度计) and allowing it to evaporate(蒸发)，the pair were able to drop the thermometer’s temperature to well below freezing.”可知，富兰克林的实验测试了蒸发对温度的影响。故选B。
解析
7.What can be inferred from the third paragraph
A.The refrigerator was born out of the wisdom of a group of people.
B.Perkins advised John Hague to put the refrigerator into mass
　production.
C.Perkins went on with Evans’ work in order to apply for a refrigerator 　
　patent.
D.Perkins’ design provided Evans with a theoretical basis for his later
　invention.
√
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“...Oliver Evans，would take the principles developed by Franklin and draw up a design for a refrigerator in 1805...Evans became friends with a young inventor called Jacob Perkins...The young inventor saw the promise in Evans’ work on refrigeration，and he took Evans’ design and began improving it... Perkins then persuaded a man named John Hague to construct the machine，and the refrigerator was born.”可知，冰箱并不是一个人创造出来的，而是一群人智慧的结晶。故选A。
解析
8.Which of the following best describes the invention of Perkins
A.Large and ineffective.
B.Expensive and unsafe.
C.Clumsy and dangerous.
D.Possibly unsafe but functional.
√
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Perkins’ product certainly had room for improvement.For instance...Perkins’ used potentially dangerous chemicals such as ether and ammonia(氮) to function.Still，his device did manage to produce a small quantity of ice by using the same fundamental principles used in modern refrigeration.”可知，珀金斯发明的冰箱使用危险的制冷剂，可能有安全隐患，但确实可以制冰。故选D。
解析
Born and raised in Dunhuang，Northwest China’s Gansu Province，Yao Yanbei has long been lost in the cultural heritage of the city.
Ⅳ.完形填空
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述文创设计师姚彦贝在文创设计上做出了突出贡献，弘扬了敦煌的艺术文化，在他们这些文创设计师的影响下，文创产业在敦煌扎根。
She 1 to Dunhuang as a promising 2 after graduating from a college in Xiamen.
1.A.travelled B.escaped
C.came D.returned
2.A.architect B.designer
C.author D.engineer
√
√
1.根据上文“Born and raised in Dunhuang”以及下文“to Dunhuang”可知，此处指的是她毕业后“回到”敦煌。故选D。
2.architect建筑师；designer设计师；author作者；engineer工程师。根据下文“Thanks to the efforts of designers like Yao”可知，她是一名有前途的“设计师”。故选B。
解析
In 2016，inspired by patterns in Dunhuang murals(壁画)，Yao 3 a toy camel.“Through the toy camel，I intended to 4 the spirit of the locals who are usually tough-minded and hard-working，” Yao said.
3.A.drew B.bought
C.imagined D.created
4.A.obtain B.test
C.convey D.comment
√
√
3.根据空后的“a toy camel”及语境可知，玩具骆驼是文创产品，应该是“创作”出一只玩具骆驼。故选D。
4.obtain获得；test测试；convey传达，传递；comment评论。根据上文“Through the toy camel”和下文“the spirit of the locals who are usually tough-minded and hard-working”可推断，她想要通过这只玩具骆驼“传达”当地人坚强、勤奋的精神，故选C。
解析
In August 2017，Yao spent nearly a month inside grottoes(石窟) drawing the murals.“Staying in the grottoes from dawn to dusk，I felt 5 connected with the ancient artists who 6 the murals.
5.A.spiritually B.emotionally
C.physically D.materially
6.A.wrote B.painted
C.displayed D.watched
√
√
5.spiritually在精神上；emotionally情感上；physically 身体上；materially物质上，实质性地。根据下文“the ancient artists”可知，她与绘制壁画的古代艺术家的联系应该是“精神上”的。故选A。
6.paint画，绘制；display展览。分析句子结构可知，此处是who引导的定语从句，先行词为artists，空后为“壁画”，由此可知，艺术家应是“绘制”壁画。故选B。
解析
It was an amazing 7 ，” she said.Inspired by the sculptures and murals，Yao later designed some innovative products，including T-shirts，bookmarks，pocket mirrors and key rings.
7.A.experience B.memory
C.discovery D.attempt
√
experience经历，体验；memory记忆；discovery发现；attempt尝试，努力。根据上文“Staying in the grottoes from dawn to dusk...”可知，她从早到晚都待在石窟里，与古代艺术家精神相通，这是一种奇妙的“经历”，故选A。
解析
Thanks to the efforts of designers like Yao，the 8 and creative industry began to take root in Dunhuang.
8.A.traditional B.modern
C.cultural D.ancient
√
traditional传统的；modern现代的；cultural文化的；ancient古代的。根据文章首句中“the cultural heritage of the city”可知，敦煌有很多文化遗址，因此有关敦煌的创意产业是“文化”产业。故选C。
解析
Starting from 2018，every year the city has 9 an international design week to help 10 the industry.
9.A.pooled B.showed
C.held D.taken
10.A.promote B.strengthen
C.change D.enlarge
√
√
9.pool集中资源。根据空后的“an international design week”可知，此处指“举办”国际设计周，故选C。
10.promote促进，推动；strengthen加强，增强；enlarge扩大。根据下文“we want to make Dunhuang’s creative more fashionable”可知，举办设计周是为了“促进”敦煌的产业发展。故选A。
解析
“By pooling the wisdom of designers from home and abroad，we want to make Dunhuang’s creative 11 more fashionable，” said Liu Mengxing，a vice general manager of a local company.
11.A.standard B.products
C.environment D.pictures
√
standard标准；product产品；environment环境。根据上文“Inspired by the sculptures and murals，Yao later designed some innovative products”以及“By pooling the wisdom of designers from home and abroad”可知，设计师设计与敦煌文化相关的文化创意产品，故汇集众多设计师的智慧是为了让文创“产品”更时尚，故选B。
解析
Looking ahead at her 12 in design，Yao plans to 13 Dunhuang’s ancient art further and apply the wisdom of ancient artists to products of modern life.
12.A.capacity B.ability
C.future D.career
13.A.apply B.explore
C.conduct D.touch
√
√
12.capacity能力；career事业。根据下文“I want to design more creative products that more international customers”可知，她展望自己的设计“事业”，故选D。
13.apply运用；explore探索；conduct实施，组织；touch触摸。根据下文“apply the wisdom of ancient artists to products of modern life”可知，只有进一步“探索”才会把古人的智慧应用到现代生活中。故选B。
解析
“I want to design more creative products that 14 more international customers，” said Yao.“I hope my design can bring people 15 to Dunhuang.”
14.A.test out B.result in
C.rely on D.appeal to
15.A.closer B.deeper
C.stronger D.better
√
√
14.test out对……进行测试；result in导致；rely on依靠；appeal to吸引。根据下文“I hope my design can bring people to Dunhuang.”可知，她想要设计更多创意产品“吸引”更多国际顾客来敦煌，故选D。
15.根据上文“Through the toy camel...tough-minded and hard-working”以及“I want to design more creative products that more international customers”可知，她想通过玩具骆驼传达当地人的精神，并想设计出更有创意的产品，吸引更多的国际客户，由此可推断，此处指的是她想让更多的人了解敦煌，“拉近”人们与敦煌的距离。故选A。
解析
返 回
本课结束Section Ⅲ　Lesson 2
Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式)
Listen to Part 1 of the interview on P56 and choose the best answer.
1．What is the relationship between the two speakers
A．Colleagues.
B．Professor and student.
C．Interviewer and interviewee.
答案　C
2．What are they talking about
A．The “aha moment”．
B．Where inspirations come from.
C．People’s misunderstanding at some moment.
答案　A
3．What does Dr.Bond imply about the efforts behind a sudden brilliant idea
A．It requires luck and chance.
B．It involves intense hard work.
C．It comes from constant mental work.
答案　B
4．Why does Dr.Bond refer to Albert Einstein
A．To prove his opinion.
B．To show Albert Einstein is a great scientist.
C．To stress Albert Einstein is very hard-working.
答案　A
Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练)
Listen to Part 2 and Part 3 of the interview (12.4 & 12.5) on P57 and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
12．4
(H＝Host　D＝Dr.Bond)
H：But does it mean hard work will lead to an “aha moment”？
D：Of course not.There are 1.four stages in the creative process.The first stage is 2.preparation.And the next three stages are 3.incubation，evaluation and elaboration.I will explain them further in the second period.
H：OK，thank you very much，Dr.Bond.We’ll be back soon.Please stay with us.
12．5
(H＝Host　D＝Dr.Bond)
H：Hello，everyone.Welcome back.So Dr.Bond，just now you talked about the four stages before an “aha moment” may occur.Would you please tell us more about the stages
D：Sure.As I said，the first stage is “preparation”．You need to 4.become deeply involved in the field or area.
H：Could you explain what “incubation” means
D：After you become deeply involved in an area，you do nothing.You just 5.bury yourself in it.For example，Mozart used to spend hours a day just walking around.Then suddenly，he had the “aha experience”．
H：Does that mean “doing nothing”？
D：Well，most of us think it’s 6.a waste of time if we do nothing meaningful or creative.In fact，this is not often the case.All we need to understand is that creative insights 7.take time to grow or emerge.
H：OK.I see.We shouldn’t worry but keep calm and wait for ideas to grow，right
D：Exactly.The third stage is called “evaluation”．Once some ideas come up，don’t accept or act immediately，but 8.think carefully first.Ask yourself questions like：Does it really work？How does it work？Then if the idea is 9.reasonable，the last stage is “elaboration”．
H：I’m afraid I don’t understand what “elaboration” means.Can you explain more
D：This means that you spend hours and hours to 10.write out your articles or 11.make your business plans.That is the whole creative process.
H：Thanks for sharing those interesting views about “aha moments”！
involve v．包含；需要；涉及，影响；使参加(involved adj.参与的；投入的；专心于……的involvement n．参与)
·involve (doing) sth包括(做)某事；需要(做)某事
involve sb/oneself in (doing) sth使某人/自己卷入/参与/专心于(做)某事
·be/get involved in (doing) sth卷入/参与(做)某事；专心于(做)某事
(1)Peace and stability in the world need the active involvement(involve) of each country.
(2)Please convey my thanks to all the staff involved(involve)；they did an excellent job.
(3)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involved spending(spend) quite a lot of time with students.
(4)Nobody wants to get involved in wars(卷入战争)，not only civilians，but also the soldiers.
(5)Mary involved herself in the scientific research and had no time to accompany her families.
→Involved in the scientific research，Mary had no time to accompany her families.(形容词短语作状语)
→Involving herself in the scientific research，Mary had no time to accompany her families.(现在分词短语作状语)
while 的用法
Why do some people work so hard but achieve very little，while some others seem to do nothing but good ideas emerge？(P114)
为什么有些人如此辛勤工作却收效甚微，而另一些人似乎无所事事，却有好点子层出不穷？
结构分析：while用作并列连词，表示前后分句的对比，意为“然而，可是”。
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————while的其他用法：
·引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。
·引导让步状语从句，常放在句首，译作“尽管”“虽然”，比although或 though语气要轻。
·引导条件状语从句，相当于as long as，意为“只要”。
·while还可以作名词，意为“一会儿”。
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
[写作佳句]
(1)面对困难，有些人选择轻易放弃，而其他人勇敢地去克服。
Facing difficulties，some people choose to easily give up while others bravely overcome them.
(2)尽管网上购物改变了我们的生活，但并非它所有的结果都是正面的。
While online shopping has changed our life，not all of its outcomes have been positive.
(3)我坐在椅子上打开包裹，当时他就站在我身后。
I sat on the chair to unwrap the package while he was standing behind me.
(4)只要病人还有一线生机，医生就有责任挽救。
While a spark of life remains，it is a doctor’s duty to save the patient.
(5)走出去做点你喜欢的事情，让你的身体和大脑休息一会儿。
Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for a while，doing anything you enjoy.
训练3　Lesson 2
[分值：65分]
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
1．Unfortunately，the findings(发现) in the study do not correspond with the previous ones.
2．Having your personal satellite launched(发射) into orbit might sound like an idea straight out of science fiction.
3．His academic performance is well above average，but he is still humble(谦虚的) and helpful.
4．When the brain is loaded to capacity，no new distractions can be perceived(察觉)．
5．He is so gifted that he has acquired a reputation as this country’s premier(最好的) solo violinist.
6．Although he was interested in science，he was completely clueless about computers.
7．He says collaborations have also emerged because of increased possibilities and constant technological advancements.
8．Being too straightforward and outspoken could become one’s Achilles heel.
9．Millions of people volunteered to donate a large amount of money to the victims of the earthquake.
10．The way the guests were treated in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
1．He decided to devote the rest of his life to scientific (science) investigation.
2．While this makes a lot of sense，it may result in many problems that otherwise would have been unnecessary.
3．By coincidence，my best friend and I ended up working at the same advertising firm.
4．However，research has proved that people can learn to sleep more efficiently(efficient)．
5．It will be many years before anyone can predict a hurricane’s behaviour with much accuracy.
6．The young physicist presented a groundbreaking proposal(propose) on renewable energy at the science conference.
7．There are plenty of emerging(emerge)，smaller industries，but which ones are the most promising
8．The book was published in 1954 and was subsequently(subsequent) translated into fifteen languages.
9．For a long time Gabriel didn’t want to be involved in music at all.
10．Scientists are evaluating the experiment and their evaluation will determine whether the fruit of it can be used in daily life.(evaluate)
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Clean water might not grow on trees，but the trees might do the next best thing—provide a cheap and easy way of filtering(过滤) it.
Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) have been able to use wood from tree branches to filter water both in the laboratory and in the pared to other water filters，the new way of filtering water gets an edge.This could provide an inexpensive and low-tech alternative to costly methods of getting clean water in places that need it the most.
In a new study，researchers show that the natural structure of wood from non-flowering plants like pine provides enough filtration to remove bacteria from water.This method was already proven to work in a lab in 2014，but now the researchers have found，through interviews with potential users and tests of local water sources，that the tree-based purification system works just as well in the field in India and that the locals are willing to use it.
The branches of non-flowering plants are built of thin，straw-like tubes called xylem(木质部) in the layer of wood under the skin.The unique structure of the xylem tissue in the branches allows it to work as a water filter because these channels are connected to each other through porous membranes(多孔薄膜)．These membranes can catch water pollutants，similar to a water filter membrane.
The researchers were even able to extend the shelf life of dry wood filters to around two years by dipping(浸泡) them in a protective mix of hot water and ethanol(乙醇)．To make this potentially life-saving technology be reachable to those who need it，the construction of the filter is open to the public and instructions can be found on their website detailing how anyone can try to construct their own wood water filter.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院的研究人员发明新的木制滤水器，并将其投入实际使用。
1．What does the underlined “gets an edge” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Has a limitation.
B．Has an advantage.
C．Faces a challenge.
D．Produces an effect.
答案　B
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“This could provide an inexpensive and low-tech alternative to costly methods of getting clean water in places that need it the most.”可知，与其他滤水器相比，这种新型滤水器具有优势，画线部分的含义为“有优势”。故选B。
2．Why does the author mention the example in India
A．To call on people to protect local water sources.
B．To show the consequences of lacking pure water.
C．To explain why water filters are in great demand.
D．To prove the water filter is effective and welcomed.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“This method was already proven to work in a lab in 2014，but now the researchers have found...the tree-based purification system works just as well in the field in India and that the locals are willing to use it.”可知，作者提到印度的例子是为了证明这种新的滤水器在实践中是有效且受欢迎的。故选D。
3．What makes the branches of non-flowering plants act as a water filter
A．They are thinner than other plants’ branches.
B．They have wide straw-like tubes in the xylem tissue.
C．The tiny holes of membranes can trap water pollutants.
D．The layer of wood under their skin carries plenty of water.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段“The branches of non-flowering plants are...work as a water filter because these channels are connected to each other through porous membranes(多孔薄膜)．These membranes can catch water pollutants，similar to a water filter membrane.”可知，膜上的小孔可以捕获水污染物，从而使不开花植物的枝条起到滤水器的作用。故选C。
4．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．A unique way of obtaining water from plants.
B．The working principle of tree-based water filters.
C．MIT creates a high-tech water purification system.
D．MIT’s wooden water filter comes into practical use.
答案　D
解析　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段和最后一段内容可知，文章主要介绍麻省理工学院的研究人员发明了新的木制滤水器，并将其投入实际使用。故选D。
B
Every winter，Thomas Jefferson brought in more than 60 wagonloads of ice from the nearby Rivanna River to keep his ice house filled.Despite the trouble and expense of keeping it filled，Jefferson’s ice house was extremely luxurious.Most people chose to can and salt their food to preserve it.If they were determined to keep food cold，they might rely on nearby rivers and springs，cold night air or snow-packed caves to keep things cold.
While Jefferson was busy keeping his ice house filled，fellow founding father Benjamin Franklin was pushing us toward the invention of the refrigerator.Working with chemist John Hadley in 1758，Franklin did an experiment successfully.By repeatedly swabbing ether(乙醚) on a thermometer(温度计) and allowing it to evaporate(蒸发)，the pair were able to drop the thermometer’s temperature to well below freezing.
Another American inventor，Oliver Evans，would take the principles developed by Franklin and draw up a design for a refrigerator in 1805.Evans’ first love，however，was the steam engine，so he set his plans on ice while he spent his energy developing things like a steam-powered river boat.Thankfully，however，Evans’ design didn’t go to waste.While in Philadelphia，Evans became friends with a young inventor called Jacob Perkins.Even as a teenager，Perkins displayed remarkable inventiveness.The young inventor saw the promise in Evans’ work on refrigeration，and he took Evans’ design and began improving it，receiving a patent on his own design in 1834.Perkins then persuaded a man named John Hague to construct the machine，and the refrigerator was born.
Created more as an experiment than something fit for commercialization，Perkins’ product certainly had room for improvement.For instance，since Freon(氟利昂) wouldn’t be invented for another century or so，early refrigerators like Perkins’ used potentially dangerous chemicals such as ether and ammonia(氨) to function.Still，his device did manage to produce a small quantity of ice by using the same fundamental principles used in modern refrigeration.
Following Perkins’ success in creating a functioning fridge，other inventors moved the device rapidly toward commercialization.As for Perkins，he retired soon after inventing the refrigerator and died in 1849，never witnessing the great impact his invention had on modern life.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了制冷技术的历史背景、关键人物的贡献以及早期冰箱的发展过程。
5．What is the purpose of the author mentioning Jefferson
A．To show the rich lived a luxurious life.
B．To introduce what he wants to talk about.
C．To show how famous people preserved food.
D．To introduce the working principle of the refrigerator.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的“While Jefferson was busy keeping his ice house filled，fellow founding father Benjamin Franklin was pushing us toward the invention of the refrigerator.”可知，作者提到杰斐逊的目的是引出他想谈的话题，即下文冰箱的发明过程。故选B。
6．What can we know about Franklin’s experiment
A．Ether is a chemical that can give off heat rapidly.
B．It tested the effects of evaporation on temperature.
C．It was conducted under the leadership of John Hadley.
D．The thermometer’s temperature falls when put into liquid water.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“By repeatedly swabbing ether(乙醚) on a thermometer(温度计) and allowing it to evaporate(蒸发)，the pair were able to drop the thermometer’s temperature to well below freezing.”可知，富兰克林的实验测试了蒸发对温度的影响。故选B。
7．What can be inferred from the third paragraph
A．The refrigerator was born out of the wisdom of a group of people.
B．Perkins advised John Hague to put the refrigerator into mass production.
C．Perkins went on with Evans’ work in order to apply for a refrigerator patent.
D．Perkins’ design provided Evans with a theoretical basis for his later invention.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“...Oliver Evans，would take the principles developed by Franklin and draw up a design for a refrigerator in 1805...Evans became friends with a young inventor called Jacob Perkins...The young inventor saw the promise in Evans’ work on refrigeration，and he took Evans’ design and began improving it...Perkins then persuaded a man named John Hague to construct the machine，and the refrigerator was born.”可知，冰箱并不是一个人创造出来的，而是一群人智慧的结晶。故选A。
8．Which of the following best describes the invention of Perkins
A．Large and ineffective.
B．Expensive and unsafe.
C．Clumsy and dangerous.
D．Possibly unsafe but functional.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Perkins’ product certainly had room for improvement.For instance...Perkins’ used potentially dangerous chemicals such as ether and ammonia(氮) to function.Still，his device did manage to produce a small quantity of ice by using the same fundamental principles used in modern refrigeration.”可知，珀金斯发明的冰箱使用危险的制冷剂，可能有安全隐患，但确实可以制冰。故选D。
Ⅳ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Born and raised in Dunhuang，Northwest China’s Gansu Province，Yao Yanbei has long been lost in the cultural heritage of the city.She 1 to Dunhuang as a promising 2 after graduating from a college in Xiamen.
In 2016，inspired by patterns in Dunhuang murals(壁画)，Yao 3 a toy camel.“Through the toy camel，I intended to 4 the spirit of the locals who are usually tough-minded and hard-working，” Yao said.
In August 2017，Yao spent nearly a month inside grottoes(石窟) drawing the murals.“Staying in the grottoes from dawn to dusk，I felt 5 connected with the ancient artists who 6 the murals.It was an amazing 7 ，” she said.Inspired by the sculptures and murals，Yao later designed some innovative products，including T-shirts，bookmarks，pocket mirrors and key rings.
Thanks to the efforts of designers like Yao，the 8 and creative industry began to take root in Dunhuang.Starting from 2018，every year the city has 9 an international design week to help 10 the industry.“By pooling the wisdom of designers from home and abroad，we want to make Dunhuang’s creative 11 more fashionable，” said Liu Mengxing，a vice general manager of a local company.
Looking ahead at her 12 in design，Yao plans to 13 Dunhuang’s ancient art further and apply the wisdom of ancient artists to products of modern life.“I want to design more creative products that 14 more international customers，” said Yao.“I hope my design can bring people 15 to Dunhuang.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述文创设计师姚彦贝在文创设计上做出了突出贡献，弘扬了敦煌的艺术文化，在他们这些文创设计师的影响下，文创产业在敦煌扎根。
1．A.travelled B．escaped
C．came D．returned
答案　D
解析　根据上文“Born and raised in Dunhuang”以及下文“to Dunhuang”可知，此处指的是她毕业后“回到”敦煌。故选D。
2．A.architect B．designer
C．author D．engineer
答案　B
解析　architect建筑师；designer设计师；author作者；engineer工程师。根据下文“Thanks to the efforts of designers like Yao”可知，她是一名有前途的“设计师”。故选B。
3．A.drew B．bought
C．imagined D．created
答案　D
解析　根据空后的“a toy camel”及语境可知，玩具骆驼是文创产品，应该是“创作”出一只玩具骆驼。故选D。
4．A.obtain B．test
C．convey D．comment
答案　C
解析　obtain获得；test测试；convey传达，传递；comment评论。根据上文“Through the toy camel”和下文“the spirit of the locals who are usually tough-minded and hard-working”可推断，她想要通过这只玩具骆驼“传达”当地人坚强、勤奋的精神，故选C。
5．A.spiritually B．emotionally
C．physically D．materially
答案　A
解析　spiritually在精神上；emotionally情感上；physically 身体上；materially物质上，实质性地。根据下文“the ancient artists”可知，她与绘制壁画的古代艺术家的联系应该是“精神上”的。故选A。
6．A.wrote B．painted
C．displayed D．watched
答案　B
解析　paint画，绘制；display展览。分析句子结构可知，此处是who引导的定语从句，先行词为artists，空后为“壁画”，由此可知，艺术家应是“绘制”壁画。故选B。
7．A.experience B．memory
C．discovery D．attempt
答案　A
解析　experience经历，体验；memory记忆；discovery发现；attempt尝试，努力。根据上文“Staying in the grottoes from dawn to dusk...”可知，她从早到晚都待在石窟里，与古代艺术家精神相通，这是一种奇妙的“经历”，故选A。
8．A.traditional B．modern
C．cultural D．ancient
答案　C
解析　traditional传统的；modern现代的；cultural文化的；ancient古代的。根据文章首句中“the cultural heritage of the city”可知，敦煌有很多文化遗址，因此有关敦煌的创意产业是“文化”产业。故选C。
9．A.pooled B．showed
C．held D．taken
答案　C
解析　pool集中资源。根据空后的“an international design week”可知，此处指“举办”国际设计周，故选C。
10．A.promote B．strengthen
C．change D．enlarge
答案　A
解析　promote促进，推动；strengthen加强，增强；enlarge扩大。根据下文“we want to make Dunhuang’s creative more fashionable”可知，举办设计周是为了“促进”敦煌的产业发展。故选A。
11．A.standard B．products
C．environment D．pictures
答案　B
解析　standard标准；product产品；environment环境。根据上文“Inspired by the sculptures and murals，Yao later designed some innovative products”以及“By pooling the wisdom of designers from home and abroad”可知，设计师设计与敦煌文化相关的文化创意产品，故汇集众多设计师的智慧是为了让文创“产品”更时尚，故选B。
12．A.capacity B．ability
C．future D．career
答案　D
解析　capacity能力；career事业。根据下文“I want to design more creative products that more international customers”可知，她展望自己的设计“事业”，故选D。
13．A.apply B．explore
C．conduct D．touch
答案　B
解析　apply运用；explore探索；conduct实施，组织；touch触摸。根据下文“apply the wisdom of ancient artists to products of modern life”可知，只有进一步“探索”才会把古人的智慧应用到现代生活中。故选B。
14．A.test out B．result in
C．rely on D．appeal to
答案　D
解析　test out对……进行测试；result in导致；rely on依靠；appeal to吸引。根据下文“I hope my design can bring people to Dunhuang.”可知，她想要设计更多创意产品“吸引”更多国际顾客来敦煌，故选D。
15．A.closer B．deeper
C．stronger D．better
答案　A
解析　根据上文“Through the toy camel...tough-minded and hard-working”以及“I want to design more creative products that more international customers”可知，她想通过玩具骆驼传达当地人的精神，并想设计出更有创意的产品，吸引更多的国际客户，由此可推断，此处指的是她想让更多的人了解敦煌，“拉近”人们与敦煌的距离。故选A。

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