资源简介

(共78张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Lesson 3
INNOVATION
UNIT 12
内容索引
Part 1　课文深度理解
Part 2　长句难句分析
Part 3　语言知识梳理
训练4
课文深度理解
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A.The analysis of Stephen Hawking’s theory.
B.The description of Stephen Hawking’s books.
C.The introduction of Stephen Hawking’s disease.
D.The introduction of Stephen Hawking and his scientific achievements.
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
√
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
1942
Universities of
Oxford and Cambridge
black holes
Positive/Optimistic
2018
1.When did physicians discover that Hawking had a rare，slow-progressing form of ALS
A.In 1942. B.In 1959.
C.In 1961. D.In 1963.
√
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
2.Which order is RIGHT according to the passage
a.going to the University of Oxford
b.writing the book A Brief History of Time：From the Big Bang to Black Holes
c.having an operation
d.developing a number of new ideas about black holes
A.a→c→b→d B.a→c→d→b
C.c→a→d→b D.a→b→c→d
√
3.What do you know about the simpler version A Briefer History of Time
A.It was written in 1988.
B.It was co-authored with Leonard Mlodinow.
C.It was written to be more accessible to common people.
D.It sold well once it came out.
√
4.What did Hawking think of himself
A.Fortunate. B.Unlucky.
C.Pitiful. D.Gifted.
√
5.Which of the following words can best describe Hawking
A.Talented and optimistic.
B.Talented but pessimistic.
C.Discouraged and pessimistic.
D.Unappreciated but optimistic.
√
On 14 March,2018，one of the world’s most 1.___________(influence) scientists，Stephen Hawking，died at his home.He was famous not only for his great achievements but for 2._____________(overcome) the challenges of ALS.When Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge，he was diagnosed 3._______ ALS.He was only expected 4._______(live) for a few years.However，he finished his studies and got a job at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge and 5._________(continue) his work in theoretical physics and cosmology.6.______ his reputation for his work spread，his physical ability declined.In 1985，after an operation，
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
influential
overcoming
to live
with
continued
While
he started to use a piece of speech-generating equipment specially 7.__________(develop) by his doctors to help him speak.But Stephen Hawking never ceased his studies and continued to develop his theories on black holes.Hawking believed that he was not 8._____ unlucky man.From his diagnosis at the age of 21，he regarded everything since then as a bonus.He was grateful to his family and appreciated the help from a large number of people and 9._____________(organisation).Though he passed away in the year 2018，his 10._____________(persevere) in study and optimistic attitude to life will inspire us forever.
developed
an
organisations
perseverance
返 回
长句难句分析
1.At the age of 21，when Hawking spent his _______(one) year at the University of Cambridge，physicians discovered he had ____ rare，slow-progressing form of ALS.(P58，Para.2)
结构分析：此句是__________句。when引导_____从句，修饰the age of 21；discovered后是省略了that的______从句。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
21岁那年，也是霍金在剑桥大学的第一年，医生发现他患有一种罕见的慢性肌萎缩侧索硬化症。
first
a
主从复合
定语
宾语
2.In the early stages of his career，his illness got ________(bad)，but he was allowed to do research only rather ______ teach，which was easier ______ him.(P58－59，Para.3)
结构分析：此句是__________句。句中but连接了两个________，主语分别是__________和_____；第二个分句中包含了which引导的_______________从句，修饰___________。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
职业生涯刚一开始他的病情就转而恶化，研究所允许他可以只做研究而不用教学，这对他来说更容易。
worse
than
for
并列复合
并列句
his illness
he
非限制性定语
主句内容
3.Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined over decades，he never ceased his studies and he developed a number _____ new ideas about black holes.(P59，Para.4)
结构分析：此句是__________句。although引导___________从句；主句是and连接的两个______句。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过研究，对黑洞有了许多新的想法。
of
并列复合
让步状语
并列
4.In The Grand Design (2010，with Leonard Mlodinow)，Hawking argued that we should look for a different way ____________(discover) the deepest secrets of the universe.(P59，Para.6)
结构分析：此句是__________句。句中that引导______从句。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
在《大设计》(2010年出版，与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著)一书中，霍金提出我们应该用一种不同的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。
to discover
主从复合
宾语
5.And he believed this was because ______ the help he received from his family and a large number of people and ______________(organisation).
(P59，Para.8)
结构分析：此句是__________句。believed后边是省略了that的________从句；help后是省略了___________的定语从句，修饰the help。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
他认为自己所取得的一切都源于家人的支持和大量的他人和机构的帮助。
返 回
of
organisations
主从复合
宾语
that/which
语言知识梳理
v.& n.减少，降低；衰退；谢绝
1
decline
·decline (from...) to...(从……)下降到……
　decline by...下降了……
　decline to do sth拒绝做某事
·on the decline在衰退中；在下降
　注意：同义词decrease，reduce
(1)It is reported that the number of full-time staff has declined ________ 300 _____ just 50 in this region.
from
to
(2)The number of tourists to this resort declined ______ nearly 50% last year because of the financial crisis.
(3)With the awareness of personal health improved，the number of people staying up is _____ the decline.
by
on
(4)她说她身体不舒服，婉拒了与朋友们一起去购物。
She ______________________________________，saying that she didn’t feel well.
写作佳句
declined to go shopping with her friends
2
形容词短语作状语
This hole led to another universe，completely separate from our own.(P59，Para.4)
这种洞通向另一个宇宙，与我们的宇宙完全分离。
结构分析：句中的“completely separate from our own”是形容词短语在句中作状语。
形容词短语在句中作状语，用于说明主语的特征或状态，常表示伴随情况，有时也表示原因、条件、让步等。可位于句首、句末和句子中间，通常和句子的其他成分用逗号分开，但单个的形容词可以连在一起。
(1)长途旅行后，他们三个人回到了家，又饿又累。
After the long journey，the three of them came back home，__________
______.
(2)她只是站在那里，无法相信刚才发生的事。
She just stood there，________________________________________.
hungry and
tired
unable to believe what had just happened
(3)由于对外国文学感兴趣，我立即报名参加了这门课程。(应用文写作之申请信)
____________________________，I signed up for this course immediately.
(4)她高兴得说不出话来，紧紧地抱着儿子，眼里泪水涌动。(读后续写之高兴)
______________________，she held her son tightly in her arms，with tears welling up in her eyes.
写作佳句
Interested in foreign literature
Happy and speechless
(5)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)害怕自己可能会失败，我什么也做不了，只能焦急地等待结果。
_____________________，I couldn’t do anything but wait for the result anxiously.
Afraid that I might fail
返 回
训练4
1.Her parents were overcome ______ great sadness at the funeral.
2.The crime rate in this area declined ______ 10% last year，according to the latest scientific research.
3.The school has gained improved exam results through joint efforts，involving parents more _____ their children’s education.
4.The last time I met him，he had been reduced ____ searching garbage bins for food.
5._____ spite of all the difficulties，they managed to finish the task with impressive efficiency.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
with
by
in
to
In
6.The first year provides students with a sound ____________(theory) basis for later study.
7.The sports meeting will be put off till next month，______ we will have made all the preparations.
8._____________(frighten) of being caught，the murderer fled to a remote village，but still was arrested within a day.
9.I decline ________(make) any public comment because I do not yet know what the truth of this terrible matter may be.
10.Unfortunately，activities involving direct contact with people，which contributed to better well-being，were found to be ____ the decline.
theoretical
when
Frightened
to make
on
1.在中国，很多濒危动物正在减少。(on the decline)
_______________________________________________________________2.上周，我和我们班同学参加了一个跑步比赛来为这些动物筹钱。(get involved in)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.尽管天气非常寒冷，但是没有一个同学中途放弃。(in spite of)
_______________________________________________________________
Ⅱ.单句写作(应用文写作——跑步募捐活动)
A number of endangered species are on the decline in China.
Last week，my classmates and I got involved in a running race to raise money for them.
In spite of the extremely freezing weather，no one quit halfway.
4.沿途的人们为我们加油，我们最终到达了终点，尽管筋疲力尽，但是都很开心。(with复合结构；形容词短语作状语)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.虽然我们不能完全改变现状，但是我们确实也起到了作用。(while)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
With people along the streets cheering us on，we finally arrived at the finishing line，exhausted but happy.
While we can’t change the present situation completely，we do make a difference.
参考范文
Due to human activities and the destruction of animal habitats，a number of endangered species are on the decline in China.
To help these endangered animals，my classmates and I got involved in a running race to raise money for them last week.The players from all walks of life attended the race vigorously.The competition was fierce.In spite of the extremely freezing weather，no one quit halfway.With people along the streets cheering us on，we finally arrived at the finishing line，exhausted but happy.
While we can’t change the present situation completely，we do make a difference.
A
Eugene Newman Parker，a leading figure in heliospheric(日球层的) physics for the past half century，passed away peacefully at his home in Chicago on Mar.15,2022.He was 94.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了日球层物理学的领军人物尤金·纽曼·帕克的贡献以及所受的评价。
Hailed(誉为) as a visionary in the field of heliophysics，Parker revolutionized our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system.NASA even stated that “the field of heliophysics exists in large part because of Dr.Eugene Parker.” In 2018，Parker became the first living scientist to witness the launch of a spacecraft that was named in his honor.
Parker is best known for his groundbreaking theory on the existence of a phenomenon called “solar wind”，a continuous stream of charged particles that flow off the sun.It can become violent，causing space weather that impacts the Earth.When Parker’s research was published in 1958，his theory was initially met with skepticism(怀疑) and ridicule by the scientific community.The general view at the time was that the space between planets was an absolute vacuum(真空)，and was thus completely empty of any matter.But，there were no errors in his study or his calculations，and the theory was later proven to be correct in 1962，when a NASA spacecraft mission to Venus revealed the constant presence of a supersonic wind—exactly as Parker had predicted.
That experience likely led to the advice Parker often gave young researchers：“If you do something new or innovative，expect trouble.But think critically about it because if you’re wrong，you want to be the first one to know that.” Parker never co-authored a paper with his students，thus urging them to be independent.
Parker was humble，straightforward，and wise.His son Eric said，“My sister Joyce and I didn’t get a real feel for what a ‘big dog’ our dad was in the field.” They got an even better sense when a month after Parker’s death，they traveled to Lund，Sweden，to accept on his behalf the Crafoord Prize in Astronomy.
1.What can we learn from the second paragraph
A.A spacecraft was named in memory of Parker.
B.The sun has less effects on Earth than expected.
C.Parker deserved credit for his great contributions.
D.NASA provided new insights into the lunar effect.
√
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Parker revolutionized our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system”及“NASA even stated that ‘the field of heliophysics exists in large part because of Dr.Eugene Parker.’”可知，帕克对日球层物理学做出了极大的贡献，他是值得赞扬的。故选C。
解析
2.Why did people view Parker’s theory of “solar wind” skeptically at first
A.It went against the popular opinion at that time.
B.Some mistakes were found in his calculations.
C.The presence of a supersonic wind was proven by NASA.
D.Matter was believed to exist in the space between planets.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When Parker’s research was published in 1958，his theory was initially met with skepticism(怀疑) and ridicule by the scientific community.The general view at the time was that the space between planets was an absolute vacuum(真空)，and was thus completely empty of any matter.”可知，人们起初对帕克的“太阳风”理论持怀疑态度是因为它违背了当时的主流观点。故选A。
解析
3.What did Parker suggest young researchers do
A.Seek close cooperation.
B.Avoid high expectations.
C.Learn by trial and error.
D.Compete against others.
√
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“That experience likely led to the advice Parker often gave young researchers：‘If you do something new or innovative，expect trouble.But think critically about it because if you’re wrong，you want to be the first one to know that.’”可知，帕克给年轻人的建议是正确看待错误，做好面对困难的准备，即从错误和尝试中学习。故选C。
解析
4.What words can be used to describe Parker according to the passage
A.Straightforward and generous.
B.Responsible and accessible.
C.Intelligent yet conservative.
D.Distinguished yet modest.
√
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Hailed(誉为) as a visionary in the field of heliophysics，Parker revolutionized our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system.”及最后一段中“Parker was humble，straightforward，and wise.”可知，帕克是杰出但谦逊的。故选D。
解析
B
A Pittsburgh-based robotics and engineering start-up recently make Moonwalkers public，a pair of battery-powered shoes that it claims can boost walk speeds by up to 250%.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一家机械工程初创公司最新推出的一款电池鞋，介绍了其外形、功能及工作原理。
At first glance，Moonwalkers look like a pair of futuristic roller skates，but there is actually a lot more to them than that.You’re actually meant to walk with them the way you would in regular shoes or sneakers，letting the motorized wheels put a spring in your step.Powered by a state-of-the-art brushless DC motor(直流电机)，this creative device is actually a platform that can be attached to a wide variety of footwear to significantly increase your walking speed up to a reported 7mph/11kph.For comparison，humans’ average walking speed ranges from 2.5 to 4 mph.The sensation of walking with the world’s fastest shoes has been compared to that of walking on a “moving walkway” in an airport.
Designed by Shift Robotics，an offshoot of Carnegie Mellon University，Moonwalkers consist of a 300W brushless motor in each 4.2-lb (1.9-kg)shoe that powers eight polyurethane wheels.There is also an AI-powered gearbox that increases or decreases speed according to data regarding the wearer’s walk collected by a series of sensors.The shoes are also able to detect downhill movement to prevent accidents.
“Moonwalkers are not skates.They’re shoes.The world’s fastest shoes actually，” Xunjie Zang，founder and CEO of Shift Robotics said.“You don’t skate in them.You walk.You don’t have to learn how to use them；the shoes learn from you.” But do the world’s fastest shoes work on uneven ground，or things like stairs？We all know how tricky those are for roller skates.Well，apparently the designers took that into consideration and with a simple gesture，the wearer can lock the wheels so that they can walk up or down stairs as they would in regular footwear.
The first batch was sold at a retail price of $1,399.That’s not cheap，but then again，this isn’t your average pair of shoes；it’s the world’s fastest pair of shoes.
5.Which of the following best explains “put a spring in your step” underlined in paragraph 2
A.Cheer you up. B.Follow your step.
C.Replace your shoes. D.Accelerate your pace.
√
词义猜测题。根据画线部分后的“Powered by a state-of-the-art brushless DC motor(直流电机)...to significantly increase your walking speed up to a reported 7mph/11kph.”可知，这种设备能够极大提高你的步行速度，可推知画线部分为“加快你的步伐”之意。故选D。
解析
6.Which aspect of Moonwalkers does paragraph 3 mainly focus on
A.The application.
B.The operating principle.
C.The development.
D.The advantage.
√
段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，这段重点介绍的是这款鞋的工作原理。故选B。
解析
7.What is the most essential part to ensure Moonwalkers to change speed
A.The brushless DC motor. B.The gearbox.
C.The wheels. D.The sensors.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中“There is also an AI-powered gearbox that increases or decreases speed according to data regarding the wearer’s walk collected by a series of sensors.”可知，改变速度的关键零件为变速箱。故选B。
解析
8.What can be inferred about Moonwalkers
A.They are environment-friendly.
B.They are suitable for quick learners.
C.They are adaptable to different road conditions.
D.They are well-received by budget-conscious people.
√
推理判断题。根据第四段中“But do the world’s fastest shoes work on uneven ground...Well，apparently the designers took that into consideration...they can walk up or down stairs as they would in regular footwear.”可推断，该款鞋对于不同的路况有较强的适应性。故选C。
解析
In today’s world，AI is increasingly becoming an integral part of our lives.
语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章讲述了人工智能对学生学习的巨大影响。
Ⅳ.七选五
1 From personalizing learning to providing feedback，AI can help students a lot.
A.AI-based chatbots offer just that，providing up-to-date information 24/7.
B.Here are some benefits of AI for students that can help them in their studies.
C.These data cannot reflect the whole picture of students’ performance，though.
D.This timeless advantage has significantly reduced the workload for the educators.
E.Thus，AI-supported personalized learning could finally create equal access to
　education.
F.Therefore，they allow us to efficiently access services without worrying about time 　
　limit.
G.It will also better identify potential areas for improvement in teaching and
　evaluating students.
√
前文提到人工智能成为生活中重要的一部分，后文指出人工智能在多个方面帮助学生，B项中“some benefits of AI”呼应下文，因此推断B项“以下是人工智能对学生的一些好处，可以帮助他们学习”符合语境，引出文章主题。故选B。
解析
Artificial intelligence has revolutionized how students are measured in terms of their strengths and weaknesses.By analyzing massive datasets，AI can quickly identify a student’s areas of strengths and weaknesses through the images they upload，videos they watch，and data gathered from feedback systems.
2 It promises to take us into a new era of educational success where no student is left behind.
A.AI-based chatbots offer just that，providing up-to-date information 24/7.
B.Here are some benefits of AI for students that can help them in their studies.
C.These data cannot reflect the whole picture of students’ performance，though.
D.This timeless advantage has significantly reduced the workload for the educators.
E.Thus，AI-supported personalized learning could finally create equal access to
　education.
F.Therefore，they allow us to efficiently access services without worrying about time 　
　limit.
G.It will also better identify potential areas for improvement in teaching and
　evaluating students.
√
前文讲述人工智能可以帮助学生认清自己的长处和短板，因此 G项“它还将更好地找到在教授和评价学生方面潜在的可改进的地方”符合语境，承接上文，继续讲述人工智能也有助于老师改进教学和评价方法，且呼应下文的educational success。故选G。
解析
With the advancements in AI technology，each student can receive the most tailored education they need to reach their own educational goals.It can also aid in how to write an article review，potentially by being able to particularize how challenging certain elements are for students and how much further focus and practice any one student needs to accomplish their educational objectives.
3
A.AI-based chatbots offer just that，providing up-to-date information 24/7.
B.Here are some benefits of AI for students that can help them in their studies.
C.These data cannot reflect the whole picture of students’ performance，though.
D.This timeless advantage has significantly reduced the workload for the
　educators.
E.Thus，AI-supported personalized learning could finally create equal access to
　education.
F.Therefore，they allow us to efficiently access services without worrying about
　time limit.
G.It will also better identify potential areas for improvement in teaching and
　evaluating students.
√
前文讲述人工智能有助于因材施教，因此推断E项“因此，人工智能支持的个性化学习最终可以创造平等的教育机会”符合语境，与前文是因果关系。故选E。
解析
In today’s ever-connected world，having access to reliable sources of information beyond normal business hours can make a huge difference in a person’s life.
4 Whether you’re seeking self-help resources to aid in studies or trying to navigate administrative processes，these conversational agents are often the ultimate solution for covering your informational needs outside of class hours，as they are always on hand.
A.AI-based chatbots offer just that，providing up-to-date information 24/7.
B.Here are some benefits of AI for students that can help them in their studies.
C.These data cannot reflect the whole picture of students’ performance，though.
D.This timeless advantage has significantly reduced the workload for the educators.
E.Thus，AI-supported personalized learning could finally create equal access to
　education.
F.Therefore，they allow us to efficiently access services without worrying about time 　
　limit.
G.It will also better identify potential areas for improvement in teaching and
　evaluating students.
√
前文讲述能够在正常的营业时间之外获得可靠的信息来源对生活有巨大影响，A项“基于人工智能的聊天机器人就能做到这一点，全天候提供最新信息”承接上文，符合语境，选项中“24/7”呼应前文的“beyond normal business hours”。故选A。
解析
5
A.AI-based chatbots offer just that，providing up-to-date information 24/7.
B.Here are some benefits of AI for students that can help them in their studies.
C.These data cannot reflect the whole picture of students’ performance，though.
D.This timeless advantage has significantly reduced the workload for the
　educators.
E.Thus，AI-supported personalized learning could finally create equal access to
　education.
F.Therefore，they allow us to efficiently access services without worrying about
　time limit.
G.It will also better identify potential areas for improvement in teaching and
　evaluating students.
√
前文讲述聊天机器人可以随时提供高效的自助资源，F项“因此，它们使我们能够有效地访问服务，而不必担心时间限制”符合语境，与前文是因果关系。选项中的they指代上文中的these conversational agents。故选F。
解析
The village of Dafen，China was once thought to have produced the most oil paintings in the world every year.1. (recognize) as the “world’s art factory”，Dafen impressed visitors with its many workshops，in which painters created mock(模仿的) masterpieces by Van Gogh，Monet and Warhol.
语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍中国的大芬村。
Ⅴ.语法填空
Recognized
考查非谓语动词。动词recognize和句子主语Dafen是逻辑上的被动关系，要用过去分词形式；空格处位于句首，所填词的首字母应大写。故填Recognized。
解析
But the village was always seen more as a production line 2. a place of culture.Today the future of Dafen may depend on 3. it is able to earn respect of the art world.
than
whether
2.考查介词。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里是短语more...than...，意为“与其说是……不如说是……”。故填than。
3.考查宾语从句。空格处引导宾语从句，从句基本成分完整，由上下文可知此处为“是否”的意思。故填whether。
解析
Things started to change for Dafen in 2008，when the global financial crisis cut down overseas 4. (order).With more demand 5.__________(come) from the domestic market，artists began painting different subjects.
orders
coming
4.考查名词复数。order在句中意为“订单”，可数，这里需用名词复数，表示泛指。故填orders。
5.考查非谓语动词。此处为with复合结构，动词come与名词demand为主动关系，故用现在分词形式。故填coming。
解析
New customers preferred Chinese styles，says 6.______ painter in Dafen.He learnt the art of Shan Shui which involves representing natural landscapes.
a
考查冠词。painter是可数名词单数形式，前面用不定冠词修饰，表示泛指，且painter的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
解析
In some ways Dafen reflected the broader economy.As exports start to decline as a share of GDP，domestic 7. (consume) plays a larger role in driving growth.
consumption
考查名词。这里需要用名词，作主句主语。故填consumption。
解析
China is the world’s second-largest art market.But it is not clear where Dafen fits in.Locals say the demand for their paintings 8._____________(decline) in the past two years.
has declined
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句子有in the past two years作时间状语，谓语用现在完成时，主语是demand，助动词用has。故填has declined。
解析
“Most people would 9. (probable) be surprised that Dafen still exists，” says Lisa Movius，a writer in Shanghai who covers art.10.__________(adapt) to the changes，maybe it is time that Dafen should go through a transition.
probably
To adapt
9.考查副词。这里用副词作状语，修饰谓语动词。故填probably。
10.考查非谓语动词。这里用动词不定式作目的状语；句首单词的首字母需大写。故填To adapt。
解析
返 回
本课结束Section Ⅳ　Lesson 3
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A．The analysis of Stephen Hawking’s theory.
B．The description of Stephen Hawking’s books.
C．The introduction of Stephen Hawking’s disease.
D．The introduction of Stephen Hawking and his scientific achievements.
答案　D
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1．When did physicians discover that Hawking had a rare，slow-progressing form of ALS
A．In 1942. B．In 1959.
C．In 1961. D．In 1963.
答案　D
2．Which order is RIGHT according to the passage
a．going to the University of Oxford
b．writing the book A Brief History of Time：From the Big Bang to Black Holes
c．having an operation
d．developing a number of new ideas about black holes
A．a→c→b→d B．a→c→d→b
C．c→a→d→b D．a→b→c→d
答案　B
3．What do you know about the simpler version A Briefer History of Time
A．It was written in 1988.
B．It was co-authored with Leonard Mlodinow.
C．It was written to be more accessible to common people.
D．It sold well once it came out.
答案　C
4．What did Hawking think of himself
A．Fortunate. B．Unlucky.
C．Pitiful. D．Gifted.
答案　A
5．Which of the following words can best describe Hawking
A．Talented and optimistic.
B．Talented but pessimistic.
C．Discouraged and pessimistic.
D．Unappreciated but optimistic.
答案　A
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
On 14 March,2018，one of the world’s most 1.influential(influence) scientists，Stephen Hawking，died at his home.He was famous not only for his great achievements but for 2.overcoming(overcome) the challenges of ALS.When Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge，he was diagnosed 3.with ALS.He was only expected 4.to live(live) for a few years.However，he finished his studies and got a job at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge and 5.continued(continue) his work in theoretical physics and cosmology.6.While his reputation for his work spread，his physical ability declined.In 1985，after an operation，he started to use a piece of speech-generating equipment specially 7.developed(develop) by his doctors to help him speak.But Stephen Hawking never ceased his studies and continued to develop his theories on black holes.Hawking believed that he was not 8.an unlucky man.From his diagnosis at the age of 21，he regarded everything since then as a bonus.He was grateful to his family and appreciated the help from a large number of people and 9.organisations(organisation)．Though he passed away in the year 2018，his 10.perseverance(persevere) in study and optimistic attitude to life will inspire us forever.
1．At the age of 21，when Hawking spent his first (one) year at the University of Cambridge，physicians discovered he had a rare，slow-progressing form of ALS.(P58，Para.2)
结构分析：此句是主从复合句。when引导定语从句，修饰the age of 21；discovered后是省略了that的宾语从句。
汉语翻译：21岁那年，也是霍金在剑桥大学的第一年，医生发现他患有一种罕见的慢性肌萎缩侧索硬化症。
2．In the early stages of his career，his illness got worse(bad)，but he was allowed to do research only rather than teach，which was easier for him.(P58－59，Para.3)
结构分析：此句是并列复合句。句中but连接了两个并列句，主语分别是his illness和he；第二个分句中包含了which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容。
汉语翻译：职业生涯刚一开始他的病情就转而恶化，研究所允许他可以只做研究而不用教学，这对他来说更容易。
3．Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined over decades，he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.(P59，Para.4)
结构分析：此句是并列复合句。although引导让步状语从句；主句是and连接的两个并列句。
汉语翻译：尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过研究，对黑洞有了许多新的想法。
4．In The Grand Design (2010，with Leonard Mlodinow)，Hawking argued that we should look for a different way to discover(discover) the deepest secrets of the universe.(P59，Para.6)
结构分析：此句是主从复合句。句中that引导宾语从句。
汉语翻译：在《大设计》(2010年出版，与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著)一书中，霍金提出我们应该用一种不同的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。
5．And he believed this was because of the help he received from his family and a large number of people and organisations(organisation)．(P59，Para.8)
结构分析：此句是主从复合句。believed后边是省略了that的宾语从句；help后是省略了that/which的定语从句，修饰the help。
汉语翻译：他认为自己所取得的一切都源于家人的支持和大量的他人和机构的帮助。
decline v．& n．减少，降低；衰退；谢绝
·decline (from...) to...(从……)下降到……
decline by...下降了……
decline to do sth拒绝做某事
·on the decline在衰退中；在下降
注意：同义词decrease，reduce
(1)It is reported that the number of full-time staff has declined from 300 to just 50 in this region.
(2)The number of tourists to this resort declined by nearly 50% last year because of the financial crisis.
(3)With the awareness of personal health improved，the number of people staying up is on the decline.
[写作佳句]
(4)她说她身体不舒服，婉拒了与朋友们一起去购物。
She declined to go shopping with her friends，saying that she didn’t feel well.
形容词短语作状语
This hole led to another universe，completely separate from our own.(P59，Para.4)
这种洞通向另一个宇宙，与我们的宇宙完全分离。
结构分析：句中的“completely separate from our own”是形容词短语在句中作状语。
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————形容词短语在句中作状语，用于说明主语的特征或状态，常表示伴随情况，有时也表示原因、条件、让步等。可位于句首、句末和句子中间，通常和句子的其他成分用逗号分开，但单个的形容词可以连在一起。
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
(1)长途旅行后，他们三个人回到了家，又饿又累。
After the long journey，the three of them came back home，hungry and tired.
(2)她只是站在那里，无法相信刚才发生的事。
She just stood there，unable to believe what had just happened.
[写作佳句]
(3)由于对外国文学感兴趣，我立即报名参加了这门课程。(应用文写作之申请信)
Interested in foreign literature，I signed up for this course immediately.
(4)她高兴得说不出话来，紧紧地抱着儿子，眼里泪水涌动。(读后续写之高兴)
Happy and speechless，she held her son tightly in her arms，with tears welling up in her eyes.
(5)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)害怕自己可能会失败，我什么也做不了，只能焦急地等待结果。
Afraid that I might fail，I couldn’t do anything but wait for the result anxiously.
训练4　Lesson 3
[分值：77.5分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．Her parents were overcome with great sadness at the funeral.
2．The crime rate in this area declined by 10% last year，according to the latest scientific research.
3．The school has gained improved exam results through joint efforts，involving parents more in their children’s education.
4．The last time I met him，he had been reduced to searching garbage bins for food.
5．In spite of all the difficulties，they managed to finish the task with impressive efficiency.
6．The first year provides students with a sound theoretical(theory) basis for later study.
7．The sports meeting will be put off till next month，when we will have made all the preparations.
8．Frightened(frighten) of being caught，the murderer fled to a remote village，but still was arrested within a day.
9．I decline to make(make) any public comment because I do not yet know what the truth of this terrible matter may be.
10．Unfortunately，activities involving direct contact with people，which contributed to better well-being，were found to be on the decline.
Ⅱ.单句写作(应用文写作——跑步募捐活动)(满分15分)
1．在中国，很多濒危动物正在减少。(on the decline)
A number of endangered species are on the decline in China.
2．上周，我和我们班同学参加了一个跑步比赛来为这些动物筹钱。(get involved in)
Last week，my classmates and I got involved in a running race to raise money for them.
3．尽管天气非常寒冷，但是没有一个同学中途放弃。(in spite of)
In spite of the extremely freezing weather，no one quit halfway.
4．沿途的人们为我们加油，我们最终到达了终点，尽管筋疲力尽，但是都很开心。(with复合结构；形容词短语作状语)
With people along the streets cheering us on，we finally arrived at the finishing line，exhausted but happy.
5．虽然我们不能完全改变现状，但是我们确实也起到了作用。(while)
While we can’t change the present situation completely，we do make a difference.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
参考范文
Due to human activities and the destruction of animal habitats，a number of endangered species are on the decline in China.
To help these endangered animals，my classmates and I got involved in a running race to raise money for them last week.The players from all walks of life attended the race vigorously.The competition was fierce.In spite of the extremely freezing weather，no one quit halfway.With people along the streets cheering us on，we finally arrived at the finishing line，exhausted but happy.
While we can’t change the present situation completely，we do make a difference.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Eugene Newman Parker，a leading figure in heliospheric(日球层的) physics for the past half century，passed away peacefully at his home in Chicago on Mar.15,2022.He was 94.
Hailed(誉为) as a visionary in the field of heliophysics，Parker revolutionized our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system.NASA even stated that “the field of heliophysics exists in large part because of Dr.Eugene Parker.” In 2018，Parker became the first living scientist to witness the launch of a spacecraft that was named in his honor.
Parker is best known for his groundbreaking theory on the existence of a phenomenon called “solar wind”，a continuous stream of charged particles that flow off the sun.It can become violent，causing space weather that impacts the Earth.When Parker’s research was published in 1958，his theory was initially met with skepticism(怀疑) and ridicule by the scientific community.The general view at the time was that the space between planets was an absolute vacuum(真空)，and was thus completely empty of any matter.But，there were no errors in his study or his calculations，and the theory was later proven to be correct in 1962，when a NASA spacecraft mission to Venus revealed the constant presence of a supersonic wind—exactly as Parker had predicted.
That experience likely led to the advice Parker often gave young researchers：“If you do something new or innovative，expect trouble.But think critically about it because if you’re wrong，you want to be the first one to know that.” Parker never co-authored a paper with his students，thus urging them to be independent.
Parker was humble，straightforward，and wise.His son Eric said，“My sister Joyce and I didn’t get a real feel for what a ‘big dog’ our dad was in the field.” They got an even better sense when a month after Parker’s death，they traveled to Lund，Sweden，to accept on his behalf the Crafoord Prize in Astronomy.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了日球层物理学的领军人物尤金·纽曼·帕克的贡献以及所受的评价。
1．What can we learn from the second paragraph
A．A spacecraft was named in memory of Parker.
B．The sun has less effects on Earth than expected.
C．Parker deserved credit for his great contributions.
D．NASA provided new insights into the lunar effect.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Parker revolutionized our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system”及“NASA even stated that ‘the field of heliophysics exists in large part because of Dr.Eugene Parker.’”可知，帕克对日球层物理学做出了极大的贡献，他是值得赞扬的。故选C。
2．Why did people view Parker’s theory of “solar wind” skeptically at first
A．It went against the popular opinion at that time.
B．Some mistakes were found in his calculations.
C．The presence of a supersonic wind was proven by NASA.
D．Matter was believed to exist in the space between planets.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When Parker’s research was published in 1958，his theory was initially met with skepticism(怀疑) and ridicule by the scientific community.The general view at the time was that the space between planets was an absolute vacuum(真空)，and was thus completely empty of any matter.”可知，人们起初对帕克的“太阳风”理论持怀疑态度是因为它违背了当时的主流观点。故选A。
3．What did Parker suggest young researchers do
A．Seek close cooperation.
B．Avoid high expectations.
C．Learn by trial and error.
D．Compete against others.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“That experience likely led to the advice Parker often gave young researchers：‘If you do something new or innovative，expect trouble.But think critically about it because if you’re wrong，you want to be the first one to know that.’”可知，帕克给年轻人的建议是正确看待错误，做好面对困难的准备，即从错误和尝试中学习。故选C。
4．What words can be used to describe Parker according to the passage
A．Straightforward and generous.
B．Responsible and accessible.
C．Intelligent yet conservative.
D．Distinguished yet modest.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Hailed(誉为) as a visionary in the field of heliophysics，Parker revolutionized our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system.”及最后一段中“Parker was humble，straightforward，and wise.”可知，帕克是杰出但谦逊的。故选D。
B
A Pittsburgh-based robotics and engineering start-up recently make Moonwalkers public，a pair of battery-powered shoes that it claims can boost walk speeds by up to 250%.
At first glance，Moonwalkers look like a pair of futuristic roller skates，but there is actually a lot more to them than that.You’re actually meant to walk with them the way you would in regular shoes or sneakers，letting the motorized wheels put a spring in your step.Powered by a state-of-the-art brushless DC motor(直流电机)，this creative device is actually a platform that can be attached to a wide variety of footwear to significantly increase your walking speed up to a reported 7mph/11kph.For comparison，humans’ average walking speed ranges from 2.5 to 4 mph.The sensation of walking with the world’s fastest shoes has been compared to that of walking on a “moving walkway” in an airport.
Designed by Shift Robotics，an offshoot of Carnegie Mellon University，Moonwalkers consist of a 300W brushless motor in each 4.2-lb (1.9-kg)shoe that powers eight polyurethane wheels.There is also an AI-powered gearbox that increases or decreases speed according to data regarding the wearer’s walk collected by a series of sensors.The shoes are also able to detect downhill movement to prevent accidents.
“Moonwalkers are not skates.They’re shoes.The world’s fastest shoes actually，” Xunjie Zang，founder and CEO of Shift Robotics said.“You don’t skate in them.You walk.You don’t have to learn how to use them；the shoes learn from you.” But do the world’s fastest shoes work on uneven ground，or things like stairs？We all know how tricky those are for roller skates.Well，apparently the designers took that into consideration and with a simple gesture，the wearer can lock the wheels so that they can walk up or down stairs as they would in regular footwear.
The first batch was sold at a retail price of $1,399.That’s not cheap，but then again，this isn’t your average pair of shoes；it’s the world’s fastest pair of shoes.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一家机械工程初创公司最新推出的一款电池鞋，介绍了其外形、功能及工作原理。
5．Which of the following best explains “put a spring in your step” underlined in paragraph 2
A．Cheer you up.
B．Follow your step.
C．Replace your shoes.
D．Accelerate your pace.
答案　D
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线部分后的“Powered by a state-of-the-art brushless DC motor(直流电机)...to significantly increase your walking speed up to a reported 7mph/11kph.”可知，这种设备能够极大提高你的步行速度，可推知画线部分为“加快你的步伐”之意。故选D。
6．Which aspect of Moonwalkers does paragraph 3 mainly focus on
A．The application.
B．The operating principle.
C．The development.
D．The advantage.
答案　B
解析　段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，这段重点介绍的是这款鞋的工作原理。故选B。
7．What is the most essential part to ensure Moonwalkers to change speed
A．The brushless DC motor.
B．The gearbox.
C．The wheels.
D．The sensors.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“There is also an AI-powered gearbox that increases or decreases speed according to data regarding the wearer’s walk collected by a series of sensors.”可知，改变速度的关键零件为变速箱。故选B。
8．What can be inferred about Moonwalkers
A．They are environment-friendly.
B．They are suitable for quick learners.
C．They are adaptable to different road conditions.
D．They are well-received by budget-conscious people.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“But do the world’s fastest shoes work on uneven ground...Well，apparently the designers took that into consideration...they can walk up or down stairs as they would in regular footwear.”可推断，该款鞋对于不同的路况有较强的适应性。故选C。
Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
In today’s world，AI is increasingly becoming an integral part of our lives. 1 From personalizing learning to providing feedback，AI can help students a lot.
Artificial intelligence has revolutionized how students are measured in terms of their strengths and weaknesses.By analyzing massive datasets，AI can quickly identify a student’s areas of strengths and weaknesses through the images they upload，videos they watch，and data gathered from feedback systems. 2 It promises to take us into a new era of educational success where no student is left behind.
With the advancements in AI technology，each student can receive the most tailored education they need to reach their own educational goals.It can also aid in how to write an article review，potentially by being able to particularize how challenging certain elements are for students and how much further focus and practice any one student needs to accomplish their educational objectives. 3
In today’s ever-connected world，having access to reliable sources of information beyond normal business hours can make a huge difference in a person’s life. 4 Whether you’re seeking self-help resources to aid in studies or trying to navigate administrative processes，these conversational agents are often the ultimate solution for covering your informational needs outside of class hours，as they are always on hand. 5
A．AI-based chatbots offer just that，providing up-to-date information 24/7.
B．Here are some benefits of AI for students that can help them in their studies.
C．These data cannot reflect the whole picture of students’ performance，though.
D．This timeless advantage has significantly reduced the workload for the educators.
E．Thus，AI-supported personalized learning could finally create equal access to education.
F．Therefore，they allow us to efficiently access services without worrying about time limit.
G．It will also better identify potential areas for improvement in teaching and evaluating students.
语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章讲述了人工智能对学生学习的巨大影响。
1．答案　B
解析　前文提到人工智能成为生活中重要的一部分，后文指出人工智能在多个方面帮助学生，B项中“some benefits of AI”呼应下文，因此推断B项“以下是人工智能对学生的一些好处，可以帮助他们学习”符合语境，引出文章主题。故选B。
2．答案　G
解析　前文讲述人工智能可以帮助学生认清自己的长处和短板，因此 G项“它还将更好地找到在教授和评价学生方面潜在的可改进的地方”符合语境，承接上文，继续讲述人工智能也有助于老师改进教学和评价方法，且呼应下文的educational success。故选G。
3．答案　E
解析　前文讲述人工智能有助于因材施教，因此推断E项“因此，人工智能支持的个性化学习最终可以创造平等的教育机会”符合语境，与前文是因果关系。故选E。
4．答案　A
解析　前文讲述能够在正常的营业时间之外获得可靠的信息来源对生活有巨大影响，A项“基于人工智能的聊天机器人就能做到这一点，全天候提供最新信息”承接上文，符合语境，选项中“24/7”呼应前文的“beyond normal business hours”。故选A。
5．答案　F
解析　前文讲述聊天机器人可以随时提供高效的自助资源，F项“因此，它们使我们能够有效地访问服务，而不必担心时间限制”符合语境，与前文是因果关系。选项中的they指代上文中的these conversational agents。故选F。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
The village of Dafen，China was once thought to have produced the most oil paintings in the world every year.1. (recognize) as the “world’s art factory”，Dafen impressed visitors with its many workshops，in which painters created mock(模仿的) masterpieces by Van Gogh，Monet and Warhol.But the village was always seen more as a production line 2. a place of culture.Today the future of Dafen may depend on 3. it is able to earn respect of the art world.
Things started to change for Dafen in 2008，when the global financial crisis cut down overseas 4. (order)．With more demand 5. (come) from the domestic market，artists began painting different subjects.New customers preferred Chinese styles，says 6.__________ painter in Dafen.He learnt the art of Shan Shui which involves representing natural landscapes.In some ways Dafen reflected the broader economy.As exports start to decline as a share of GDP，domestic 7. (consume) plays a larger role in driving growth.
China is the world’s second-largest art market.But it is not clear where Dafen fits in.Locals say the demand for their paintings 8. (decline) in the past two years.“Most people would 9. (probable) be surprised that Dafen still exists，” says Lisa Movius，a writer in Shanghai who covers art.10. (adapt) to the changes，maybe it is time that Dafen should go through a transition.
语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍中国的大芬村。
1．答案　Recognized
解析　考查非谓语动词。动词recognize和句子主语Dafen是逻辑上的被动关系，要用过去分词形式；空格处位于句首，所填词的首字母应大写。故填Recognized。
2．答案　than
解析　考查介词。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里是短语more...than...，意为“与其说是……不如说是……”。故填than。
3．答案　whether
解析　考查宾语从句。空格处引导宾语从句，从句基本成分完整，由上下文可知此处为“是否”的意思。故填whether。
4．答案　orders
解析　考查名词复数。order在句中意为“订单”，可数，这里需用名词复数，表示泛指。故填orders。
5．答案　coming
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处为with复合结构，动词come与名词demand为主动关系，故用现在分词形式。故填coming。
6．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。painter是可数名词单数形式，前面用不定冠词修饰，表示泛指，且painter的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
7．答案　consumption
解析　考查名词。这里需要用名词，作主句主语。故填consumption。
8．答案　has declined
解析　考查动词时态和主谓一致。句子有in the past two years作时间状语，谓语用现在完成时，主语是demand，助动词用has。故填has declined。
9．答案　probably
解析　考查副词。这里用副词作状语，修饰谓语动词。故填probably。
10．答案　To adapt
解析　考查非谓语动词。这里用动词不定式作目的状语；句首单词的首字母需大写。故填To adapt。

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