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【沪教】八下英语·重点语法·归纳及练习
Unit 1 Raising funds
语法主题：被动语态 (I) —— 基础概念与常用时态
定义：英语中语态分为主动语态（Active Voice）和被动语态（Passive Voice）。当主语是动作的执
行者时，用主动语态；当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态。
考点 1 被动语态的构成
基本结构： 助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词 (past participle)。
【规划变化】时态的变化体现在 be 动词上
一般现在时： am / is / are + done
一般过去时： was / were + done
一般将来时： will be + done
考点 2 句式变换（以一般现在时为例）
句式 结构 例句
English is spoken by many people.
肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 (+ by...)
(许多人说英语。)
Trees are not planted in winter.
否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词
(冬天不植树。)
Is the room cleaned every day
一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词...
(房间每天都打扫吗？)
【注意】主动变被动的步骤
1. 把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语。
2. 把谓语动词变为 be + 过去分词（注意保持时态一致）。
3. 把主动句的主语变为 by + 宾语，放在句末（若动作执行者不重要，可省略）。
主动: People grow tea in Hangzhou.（人们在杭州种植茶叶。）
被动: Tea is grown in Hangzhou (by people).（茶叶产自杭州。）
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【沪教】八下英语·重点语法·归纳及练习
Unit 1 练习
一、单项选择
1. Many trees ________ on the hill every year.
A. plant B. are planting C. are planted D. planted
2. The 33rd Olympic Games ________ in Paris in 2024.
A. hold B. held C. were held D. will be held
3. —Who ________ the computer
—Sorry, I have no idea.
A. was invented B. invented C. is invented D. invents
4. This kind of car ________ in Shanghai.
A. makes B. made C. is made D. are made
5. Knives ________ cutting things.
A. are used for B. are used to C. used for D. used to
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. The classroom ________ (clean) by us every day.
7. A new library ________ (build) in our school next year.
8. The window ________ (break) by the boy yesterday.
9. English ________ (speak) widely around the world.
三、短文填空（每空一词）
Charity activities are popular in our school. Every year, a charity sale 10.________ (hold) on the
playground. Many things, such as old books and toys, 11.________ (sell) at low prices. The money
12.________ (collect) from the sale is used to help poor students. Last week, we had a charity sale. I
13.________ (ask) to be a seller. At first, I was shy, but soon I became confident. Many books
14.________ (buy) by the students. We were happy that a lot of money 15.________ (raise). All the
money will 16.________ (send) to a primary school in the countryside next week. We hope the students
there can have a better life. Charity is a way of 17.________ (show) love. It 18.________ (believe) that
small acts of kindness can make a big difference.
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【沪教】八下英语·重点语法·归纳及练习
Unit 2 Body language
语法主题：被动语态 (II) —— 特殊用法与情态动词
本单元继续深入学习被动语态，重点在于含情态动词的被动语态以及一些特殊动词的被动用法。
考点 1 含情态动词的被动语态
结构： 情态动词 (can, may, must, should) + be + 过去分词
肯定句： The work must be finished today. (这项工作必须今天完成。)
否定句： Cars should not be parked here. (车不应该停在这里。)
疑问句： Can the magazine be taken out (这本杂志能带出去吗？)
考点 2 无被动语态的词 (必考易错点)
【易错点】以下情况不能用被动语态
1. 不及物动词： happen, take place, break out, appear, disappear 等。
误：The accident was happened yesterday.
正：The accident happened yesterday.（这起事故发生在昨天。）
2. 连系动词： look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等，用主动形式表被动含义。
The music sounds nice. (音乐听起来不错。)
考点 3 使役动词和感官动词的被动语态
make, let, have, see, hear, watch 等词，在主动语态中接不带 to 的不定式（do），但在被动语态中
必须还原 to。
主动：The boss made him work all day.（老板让他整天工作。）
被动：He was made to work all day (by the boss).（他被迫整日工作。）
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【沪教】八下英语·重点语法·归纳及练习
Unit 2 练习
一、单项选择
1. Teenagers should ________ to choose their own clothes.
A. allow B. allowed C. are allowed D. be allowed
2. The baby is made ________ crying by the nurse.
A. stop B. to stop C. stopping D. stopped
3. Good medicine ________ bitter (苦).
A. tastes B. is tasted C. taste D. are tasted
4. Great changes ________ in our hometown in the last few years.
A. have taken place B. have been taken placeC. took place D. were taken place
5. The books ________ out of the reading room.
A. must take B. mustn't take C. must be taken D. mustn't be taken
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. The work can ________ (finish) in two days.
7. He was seen ________ (enter) the room just now.
8. This kind of cloth ________ (feel) soft and comfortable.
9. Stars can't ________ (see) in the daytime.
三、短文填空（每空一词）
Body language is important in communication. Sometimes, feelings can be 10.________ (express)
without words. For example, a smile usually means friendliness. In many cultures, nodding 11.________
(use) to show agreement. However, gestures may have different meanings in different countries. In China,
people often shake hands when they meet. But in Japan, people usually bow. We should be careful. Rude
gestures shouldn't 12.________ (use). For example, pointing at others with your finger is 13.________
(consider) impolite in many places. Eye contact is also a kind of body language. In some Western
countries, you are expected 14.________ (look) at the person when you talk. But in some Asian countries,
looking at older people continuously might be seen 15.________ rude. Body language helps us
understand each other better. It can 16.________ (say) that actions speak louder than words. If body
language is used 17.________ (proper), our communication will be smoother. We should learn more
about it to avoid 18.________ (misunderstand).
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【沪教】八下英语·重点语法·归纳及练习
Unit 3 Traditional skills
语法主题：“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构 (Wh- word + to-infinitive)
定义：疑问词（who, what, which, when, where, how 等）后接动词不定式（to do），构成一种特殊
结构，在句中常作宾语，有时也可作主语或表语。
考点 1 基本构成与功能
结构： Question word + to do sth.
作宾语（最常见）： I don't know what to do. (我不知道该做什么。)
作主语： How to solve the problem is important. (如何解决这个问题很重要。)
作表语： The question is where to go. (问题是去哪里。)
考点 2 疑问词的选择
根据句意选择正确的疑问词：
what to do: 做什么（do 缺宾语）
how to do it: 怎么做这件事（do 有宾语 it，用 how）
where to go: 去哪里
when to start: 什么时候开始
which to choose: 选择哪一个
【易错点】why 不能与不定式连用
英语中没有 why to do 的结构。若要表示“为什么做”，通常用从句 why we should do...。
考点 3 与宾语从句的转换 (拓展)
“疑问词 + 不定式”常可转换为由该疑问词引导的宾语从句（主语通常与主句主语一致）。
I don't know what to do.（我不知道该做什么。）
= I don't know what I should do.
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【沪教】八下英语·重点语法·归纳及练习
Unit 3 练习
一、单项选择
1. Can you tell me ________ the computer
A. how to use B. what to use C. how use D. what use
2. I haven't decided ________ for the holiday.
A. where go B. where to go C. when go D. why to go
3. The guide book tells us ________ to visit the museum.
A. best time B. when is the best time
C. when the best time is D. when is the best time to
4. She is new here. She doesn't know ________ to talk to.
A. who B. when C. how D. where
5. —Could you tell me ________ the problem
—Sorry, I don't know, either.
A. what to solve B. how to solve C. when to solve D. why to solve
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. Please tell us when ________ (start) the meeting.
7. He is learning how ________ (make) a Chinese knot.
8. I am not sure which one ________ (choose).
9. The teacher showed us how ________ (write) the character.
三、短文填空（每空一词）
Paper cutting is a traditional Chinese art. Many people like it, but beginners often don't know
10.________ (how) to start. First, you need to decide 11.________ to cut. You can choose flowers,
animals or characters. Second, you need to learn how 12.________ (hold) the scissors correctly. It is not
easy. You may ask a teacher for help if you don't know 13.________ to do it. The teacher will show you
14.________ to cut simple shapes. My grandmother is good at paper cutting. She often teaches me.
Yesterday, she taught me how to make a paper butterfly. I didn't know where 15.________ put the
finished picture. She told me 16.________ stick it on the window. Now I am learning 17.________ (make)
more complex pictures. It takes time to learn, but I really enjoy deciding which colour 18.________ (use)
and creating beautiful things.
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【沪教】八下英语·重点语法·归纳及练习
Unit 4 Cartoons
语法主题：现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)
定义：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者表示从过去已经开始，持续
到现在的动作或状态。
考点 1 构成与基本用法
结构： have / has + 过去分词 (done)
用法 1（影响/结果）： I have lost my key. (我把钥匙弄丢了 → 结果：我现在进不去门)
用法 2（持续）： She has lived here for ten years. (她住在这里十年了 → 现在还在住)
考点 2 标志词 (Key Words)
already (肯定句), yet (否定/疑问句句末)
just (刚刚), ever (曾经), never (从不)
for + 时间段 (e.g., for 2 years)
since + 过去时间点/从句 (e.g., since 2010, since I came here)
考点 3 难点辨析：have been to / have gone to
短语 含义 语境线索
常与 ever, never, twice 连用。
have been to 去过某地（已回来） I have been to Beijing twice.
（我去过北京两次。）
人不在说话现场。
have gone to 去了某地（未回来） Where is Tom He has gone to the library.
（汤姆在哪里？他去图书馆了。）
常与 for/since 连用，表持续。
have been in 在某地待了多久 I have been in Shanghai for a month.
（我在上海待了一个月。）
【规划变化】瞬间动词的转换
在肯定句中，瞬间动词（短暂性动词）不能与 for/since 连用，需转为延续性动词：
buy → have; borrow → keep; die → be dead; join → be in / be a member of; leave → be away.
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【沪教】八下英语·重点语法·归纳及练习
Unit 4 练习
一、单项选择
1. —Where is your father
—He ________ Australia. He will come back next week.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. went to
2. I ________ the book for two weeks. I have to return it now.
A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept
3. —Have you ________ seen the cartoon Monkey King
—No, ________.
A. ever; ever B. never; never C. ever; never D. never; ever
4. My grandparents ________ in that village since 1980.
A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live
5. The famous writer ________ for five years, but his books are still popular.
A. died B. has died C. was dying D. has been dead
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. I ________ (see) the film Nezha twice.
7. She ________ (not finish) drawing the picture yet.
8. Mr. Li ________ (teach) us art since he came to our school.
9. My brother ________ (join) the cartoon club two years ago.
三、短文填空（每空一词）
Cartoons are loved by people of all ages. I am a cartoon fan. I 10.________ (watch) many cartoons
since I was a child. My favourite character is Mickey Mouse. He 11.________ (bring) happiness to
people for nearly 100 years. I 12.________ (buy) many toy figures of Mickey Mouse. I have
13.________ (keep) them in my bedroom for a long time. Recently, Chinese cartoons have become very
popular. I have 14.________ (see) the movie Chang'an. It is amazing! Have you 15.________ (ever)
watched it It tells stories about Li Bai and Gao Shi. The movie 16.________ (win) the hearts of many
young people. My friend Tom has 17.________ (go) to the cinema to watch it. He hasn't come back
18.________ (yet). I believe Chinese cartoons will be even better in the future.
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【沪教】八下英语·重点语法·归纳及练习
Unit 5 Good manners
语法主题：enough to 和 too...to 的用法
考点 1 enough to 的用法
含义：表示“足够……做某事”。
结构：
形容词/副词 + enough + to do sth. （注意：形容词或副词要放在 enough 之前）
enough + 名词 + to do sth. （注意：名词放在 enough 之后）
He is strong enough to carry the heavy box. (他足够强壮，能搬动这个重箱子。)
I have enough money to buy a gift. (我有足够的钱买礼物。)
考点 2 too...to... 的用法
含义：表示“太……而不能……”，具有否定含义。
结构： too + 形容词/副词 + to do sth.
The boy is too young to go to school. (这个男孩太小了，不能去上学。)
【规划变化】句型转换
1. too...to... 与 not...enough to... 互换
The question is too hard for me to answer.（这道题对我来说太难，答不上来。）
= The question is not easy enough for me to answer.
2. too...to... 与 so...that... (否定句) 互换
He is too tired to walk.（他太累了，走不动路。）
= He is so tired that he can't walk.
【易错点】
在 too...to... 结构中，如果主语是物，且不定式的宾语就是句子的主语，那么不定式后不再加宾语
（代词）。
误：The water is too hot to drink it.
正：The water is too hot to drink.（水太烫，没法喝。）
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【沪教】八下英语·重点语法·归纳及练习
Unit 5 练习
一、单项选择
1. The girl is ________ to dress herself. She is only 3 years old.
A. old enough B. enough old C. too young D. young too
2. The box is ________ heavy for the little boy ________ carry.
A. so; that B. too; to C. very; to D. enough; to
3. He ran ________ to catch the early bus.
A. fast enough B. enough fast C. slowly enough D. enough slowly
4. The math problem is too difficult for me ________.
A. work it out B. to work it out C. working it out D. to work out
5. Tom is ________ a lively boy ________ we all like him.
A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. The room is big enough for us ________ (hold) a meeting.
7. The tea is too hot ________ (drink).
8. He is patient enough ________ (wait) for a long time without getting angry.
9. We have enough time ________ (finish) the work today.
三、短文填空
Good manners are very important in our daily life. Everyone likes a person with good 10.________
(manner). However, different countries have different customs. In China, it is polite to receive a gift with
both 11.________ (hand). But in the West, people usually do not do that. In the UK, people are patient
12.________ to wait in line. They think it is rude to jump the queue. When you are in Rome, do
13.________ the Romans do. If you are 14.________ (care) enough, you will find more differences. For
example, in some Asian countries, you should take 15.________ your shoes before entering a house. If
the host asks you to stay for dinner, you shouldn't be 16.________ shy to accept it. Always say "please"
and "thank you". These words are 17.________ (power) enough to make others happy. Try to be polite,
and you will make more 18.________ (friend).
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【沪教】八下英语·重点语法·归纳及练习
Unit 6 Sunshine for all
语法主题：It is + adj. + to-infinitive 句型
考点 1 It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.
含义：对某人来说，做某事是……的。
适用形容词：描述事物性质的形容词，如 easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, dangerous, possible
等。
It is important for us to learn English well. (对我们来说学好英语很重要。)
考点 2 It is + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.
含义：某人做某事真是太……了。
适用形容词：描述人的品质、性格的形容词，如 kind, nice, clever, foolish, polite, careless, wrong, brave
等。
It is kind of you to help me. (你帮我真是太好了/你真好。)
【注意】for 与 of 的区别
判别技巧：
① 如果形容词可以修饰不定式的逻辑主语（即 sb. is adj. 成立），用 of。
It is kind of you. -> You are kind. (通顺)
② 如果形容词是描述做这件事本身（即 To do sth. is adj.），用 for。
It is hard for me. -> I am hard. (不通顺，应该是 The task is hard.)
【拓展】It 充当形式主语
在这些句型中，It 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式（to do sth.）。
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【沪教】八下英语·重点语法·归纳及练习
Unit 6 练习
一、单项选择
1. It is important ________ people ________ learn team spirit.
A. of; to B. of; for C. for; to D. to; to
2. It is kind ________ you to help the old man cross the road.
A. for B. of C. with D. to
3. It's dangerous for children ________ with fire.
A. play B. playing C. to play D. plays
4. It's careless ________ him to lose his wallet again.
A. of B. for C. with D. about
5. I think ________ necessary to take exercise every day.
A. that B. this C. it D. one
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. It is necessary for us ________ (protect) the environment.
7. It was brave of the soldier ________ (save) the boy from the river.
8. It is impossible for me ________ (finish) the work in an hour.
9. It is polite ________ (say) hello to your teachers.
三、短文填空
There are many disabled people in the world. It is difficult for them 10.________ (do) things like
normal people. For example, it is hard for blind people to see 11.________ (something). It is necessary
for us to help them. Last Sunday, our class went to the Special Education School. It was nice
12.________ the students to give the disabled children some gifts. We also 13.________ (teach) them to
sing and draw. The children were very happy. It is important for them to feel the love from society. We
should learn to be kind. It is wrong of people to look down 14.________ (on) the disabled. Everyone
wants to be 15.________ (respect). We can help them cross the road or give seats to them on the bus. It is
meaningful for us to make a 16.________ (different) to their lives. Let's provide them 17.________ more
support. We hope to create a world full of 18.________ (sunny) for all.
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【沪教】八下英语·重点语法·归纳及练习
Unit 7 Charities
语法主题：被动语态 (I) —— 一般现在时和一般过去时
考点 1 被动语态的概念
当主语是动作的承受者时，使用被动语态。基本构成是 be + 过去分词。
考点 2 一般现在时的被动语态
结构： am / is / are + 过去分词 (past participle)
Many trees are planted every year. (每年都有很多树被种植。)
English is spoken widely. (英语被广泛使用。)
考点 3 一般过去时的被动语态
结构： was / were + 过去分词 (past participle)
The house was built last year. (这房子是去年建的。)
These books were written by Lu Xun. (这些书是鲁迅写的。)
【易错点】
1. 不及物动词（如 happen, take place, come out）没有被动语态。
误：The accident was happened yesterday.
正：The accident happened yesterday.（这起事故发生在昨天。）
2. 感官动词/使役动词（see, hear, make等）在主动语态中省略 to，在被动语态中要还原 to。
主动：The boss made him work.（老板让他工作。）
被动：He was made to work.（他被迫工作。）
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【沪教】八下英语·重点语法·归纳及练习
Unit 7 练习
一、单项选择
1. The classroom ________ by the students every day.
A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. was cleaned
2. The bridge ________ two years ago.
A. built B. builds C. is built D. was built
3. English ________ in many countries around the world.
A. speaks B. spoke C. is spoken D. was spoken
4. —Who ________ the telephone
—Bell.
A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. invents
5. We ________ to study hard at school.
A. tell B. are telling C. are told D. told
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. The flowers ________ (water) by my mother yesterday morning.
7. Wait a moment. Your car ________ (wash) now.
8. These photos ________ (take) in Beijing last summer.
9. The baby is made ________ (stop) crying by the nurse.
三、短文填空
UNICEF is an international organization. It 10.________ (set) up in 1946. It works to help children
all over the world. Many poor children 11.________ (support) by UNICEF. They are provided
12.________ food, clean water and clothes. Some of them can't go to school because they are too poor.
With the help of UNICEF, schools 13.________ (build) for them. Money 14.________ (raise) by selling
Christmas cards and organizing activities. In 2020, a charity show 15.________ (hold) in our school.
Many books and toys 16.________ (donate) by students. The money was sent to the children in need. We
believe that a better world can 17.________ (create) if everyone gives a helping hand. Let's do our best
18.________ (help) others.
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【沪教】八下英语·重点语法·归纳及练习
Unit 8 A green world
语法主题：被动语态 (II) —— 一般将来时与情态动词
考点 1 一般将来时的被动语态
含义：表示“将被……”。
结构：
will + be + 过去分词
am/is/are + going to + be + 过去分词
A new park will be built here next year. (明年这里将建一个新公园。)
The trees are going to be planted tomorrow. (这些树明天将被种植。)
考点 2 情态动词的被动语态
结构： 情态动词 (can, may, must, should) + be + 过去分词
Flowers should be watered often. (花应该经常浇水。)
The work must be finished today. (这项工作必须今天完成。)
【规划变化】句型转换
1. 主动： We will hold a meeting.（我们将要召开一场会议。）
被动： A meeting will be held (by us).（一场会议将（由我们）被召开。）
2. 主动： You can borrow this book.（你可以借这本书。）
被动： This book can be borrowed.（这本书可以被借阅。）
【易错点】
在带情态动词的被动语态中，千万不要漏掉 be。
误：Trees must planted.
正：Trees must be planted.（必须植树。）
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【沪教】八下英语·重点语法·归纳及练习
Unit 8 练习
一、单项选择
1. A sports meeting ________ in our school next week.
A. will hold B. will be held C. is held D. holds
2. Teenagers ________ to choose their own clothes.
A. should allow B. should allowed C. should be allowed D. allow
3. The problem ________ easily if we work together.
A. can solve B. can be solved C. solves D. solved
4. Many new houses ________ here next year.
A. are built B. were built C. will be built D. will build
5. The books ________ out of the reading room.
A. must take B. mustn't take C. must be taken D. mustn't be taken
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. The letter ________ (send) tomorrow morning.
7. Waste water shouldn't ________ (pour) into the river.
8. More trees must ________ (plant) to make our city greener.
9. The work can ________ (finish) in two days.
三、短文填空
Environmental protection is becoming more and more important. Pollution is a serious problem. If
we don't take action, our earth will 10.________ (destroy). Something must 11.________ (do) to stop
pollution. First, waste should be sorted. Rubbish can be 12.________ (divide) into different groups. Some
things, like paper and glass, can be 13.________ (recycle). Second, more trees should 14.________ (plant)
every year. Trees can help clean the air. Third, we should use public transport instead 15.________ cars.
This way, less energy will be used and less air pollution will be 16.________ (cause). Also, we can use
cloth bags when shopping. Plastic bags shouldn't be used because they are bad for the soil. We hope the
earth 17.________ (save) in the future. Everyone can make a difference. Let's live a 18.________ (green)
life.
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【沪教】八下英语·重点语法·归纳及练习
参考答案
Unit 1 Raising funds
1-5: CDBCA (第 3题询问谁发明了，用主动语态；第 5题 be used for doing被用来做)
6. is cleaned 7. will be built 8. was broken 9. is spoken
10. is held 11. are sold 12. collected (过去分词作定语) 13. was asked 14. were bought 15.
was raised 16. be sent 17. showing 18. is believed
Unit 2 Body language
1-5: DBAAD (第 3题系动词无被动；第 4题 take place无被动；第 5题含情态动词的被动)
6. be finished 7. to enter 8. feels 9. be seen
10. expressed 11. is used 12. be used 13. considered 14. to look 15. as 16. be said 17.
properly 18. misunderstandings
Unit 3 Traditional skills
1-5: ABCA B (第 1题 how to use sth; 第 5题 solve sth用 how; 第 2题where to go; 第 4题 talk to who)
6. to start 7. to make 8. to choose 9. to write
10. how 11. what 12. to hold 13. how 14. how 15. to 16. to 17. to make 18. to
use
Unit 4 Cartoons
1-5: BDC C D (第 2题 borrow非延续，用 have kept；第 5题 die非延续，用 has been dead)
6. have seen 7. hasn't finished 8. has taught 9. joined (ago用过去时)
10. have watched 11. has brought 12. have bought 13. kept 14. seen 15. ever 16. has
won 17. gone 18. yet
Unit 5 Good manners
1-5: CBA DB (注意第 4题不定式后不加 it)
6. to hold 7. to drink 8. to wait 9. to finish
10. manners 11. hands 12. enough 13. as 14. careful 15. off 16. too 17. powerful
18. friends
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【沪教】八下英语·重点语法·归纳及练习
Unit 6 Sunshine for all
1-5: CB CAC (第 5题考查 it作形式宾语)
6. to protect 7. to save 8. to finish 9. to say
10. to do 11. anything 12. of (nice形容人品) 13. taught 14. upon/on 15. respected 16.
difference 17. with 18. sunshine
Unit 7 Charities
1-5: BD CAC (第 4题强调动作执行者，用主动)
6. were watered 7. is being washed (现在进行时的被动) 8. were taken 9. to stop (make被动还
原 to)
10. was set 11. are supported 12. with 13. are built / were built 14. is raised 15. was held
16. were donated 17. be created 18. to help
Unit 8 A green world
1-5: BCBCD
6. will be sent 7. be poured 8. be planted 9. be finished
10. be destroyed 11. be done 12. divided 13. recycled 14. be planted 15. of 16. caused
17. will be saved 18. green / greener
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