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高考英语必背知识点：虚拟语气
一、基本概念
概念
主要表示假设，而非客观存在的事实。
使用场景
① 与事实相反
② 说话人的主观愿望
③ 实现可能性极小的事情
二、非真实条件句
定义
由 if 引导的条件句，表示非客观的事实。
标志词
if + 从句，表 “如果”。
例：If he had money, he would buy me a car.
如果他有钱的话，他就会给我买辆车。（主句和从句均与现在事实不符）
If he had known it, he would have told you.
如果他知道的话，他就会告诉你了。（主句和从句均与过去事实不符）
If it were Sunday tomorrow, we wouldn't have an exam.
如果明天是周日的话，我们就不用参加考试了。（主句和从句均与将来事实不符）
错综时间条件句
主句和从句时间不一致的非真实条件句。
例：If you had worked harder, your condition would be better now.
如果你之前再努力一点的话，你现在的状况就好多了。（从句与过去事实不符，主句与现在事实不符）
省略与倒装
只有当非真实条件句中有 were，had，should 等词时，可以省略 if。同时，主语与 were，had，should 位置互换。
例：Were she here, she would agree with us.
=If she were here, she would agree with us.
如果她在这儿，她就会认同我们。
Had I worked hard, I would have succeeded.
=If I had worked hard, I would have succeeded.
如果我努力工作的话，我就会成功了。
三、含蓄条件句
定义
不用条件句，而用其他方式来表示假设的情况。
标志词
① otherwise + 主句，表 “否则”
② but (for)…，+ 主句，表 “要不是”
③ without…，+ 主句，表 “没有……”
例：I was too busy at that time, otherwise, I would have called you.
我当时太忙，否则我就给你打电话了。
But for the meeting, I would have gone home at the time.
要不是开会，我早就回家了。
Without water, there would be no life.
如果没有水，就不会有生命。
四、非真实条件句和含蓄条件句的解题步骤
确定考点：根据标志词判断空格在主句还是从句；
确定时间：根据时间或句意时态判断空格处的时间；
对应表格：对应下表选择合适的虚拟语气。
时态 主句 从句
将来 would do did/should do/were to do
现在 would do 过去 (did,were,were doing)
过去 would have done 过完 (had done)
【注意】
上表中的 would 可以替换为 should/could/might。
be 动词在虚拟语气中，过去式只能用 were。
五、虚拟语气用于其他从句
定语从句
① It is/was (high) time that + 主语 + should + 动词原形，表 “到了该做…… 的时候”；
② It is/was (high) time that + 主语 + 过去式，表 “到了该做…… 的时候”。
例：It is (high) time that you should have a class.
=It is (high) time that you had a class.
该上课了。（事实还没上呢）
宾语从句
① I wish + 从句，表 “我希望”；
例：I wish I had been here last night.（与过去事实不符）
我要是昨晚在这儿就好了。
② ……+ 坚持 / 命令 / 建议 / 要求 +(that)+……+(should)+ 动词原形
坚持要求：insist
命令：command/order
建议：advise/suggest/propose/recommend
要求：require/request/ask/demand/desire
例：I suggest that we (should) visit that school.
我建议我们参观那所学校。（事实还未参观）
【注意】
① suggest，表 “暗示，表明” 时不适用。
② insist，表 “认为” 时不适用。
例：The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.（√）
The smile on his face suggested that he (should) be satisfied with our work.（×）
他脸上的笑容暗示着他对我们的工作满意。
状语从句
① as if/though + 从句，表 “好像”；
例：They talked about the city as if/as though they had been there before.
他们谈论这个城市，好像他们之前曾经去过一样。（与过去事实不符）
② would rather + 从句，表 “宁愿”。
例：I would rather you stayed at home now.
我宁愿你现在待在家里。（与现在事实不符）

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