资源简介

阅读填空专项突破（培优）
March.15 Karida
一、近五年（2021–2025）考察方向与特点
1. 语篇类型分布规律
近五年以议论文和说明文为主，交替出现；2021-2025年中，议论文占比60%，说明文占比40%
语篇长度稳定在250-320词之间，符合初中生阅读能力。
2.近五年阅读填空题主题分布
年份 主题 语篇类型 核心要点
2021年 外卖服务的利与弊 议论文 优点：提供工作机会、便利生活、丰富餐饮选择；缺点：促进不健康饮食、交通规则忽视、包装浪费等环境问题；引导学生思考科技发展与生活方式的平衡
2022年 锻炼的重要性 议论文 通过科学依据说明锻炼如何改善身体健康；强调坚持锻炼对培养自律精神的作用；结合学生生活实际，倡导健康生活方式
2023年 绿色建筑的理念 说明文 解释绿色建筑如何利用自然资源减少能耗；举例说明环保材料在现代建筑中的应用；引导学生关注环境保护与可持续发展
2024年 书写和书籍的历史发展 议论文 从甲骨文到现代印刷术的发展脉络；书籍作为文化载体对人类文明进步的贡献；培养学生对传统文化的认同感与文化自信
2025年 科技对现代运动员的影响 说明文 介绍高科技运动装备(如智能跑鞋、自行车)的应用；探讨VR技术在训练中的创新使用；引导学生思考技术与努力的平衡关系
命题趋势（2021–2025）
稳中求新，素养导向：以核心素养为导向，强化逻辑思维、文化意识、语用能力。
长难句增多：复合句（定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句）占比上升，考查句子结构分析能力。
逻辑推理深化：从简单衔接走向多维度推理，需结合上下文与背景知识综合判断。
话题更贴近生活与时代：科技、环保、心理健康、传统文化等热点占比提升。
干扰项设计更隐蔽：选项语义相近、逻辑似是而非，需精准辨析。
二、解题步骤
1. 通读选项，和全文预判逻辑（1分钟）
快速浏览 5 个选项，圈出关键词、逻辑词、代词、时态；预判选项在文中可能的位置；跳过空格，快速通读，明确主题、体裁、结构、逻辑主线。
2. 逐空分析，先易后难（3–4 分钟）
看位置：段首多为主旨 / 总起；段中多为过渡 / 解释；段末多为总结 / 结论。
找逻辑：分析空格前后句关系（转折 / 因果 / 并列 / 递进），匹配选项逻辑词。
抓复现：寻找原词、同义词、近义词、代词指代，锁定线索。
辨语法：判断空格所需词性、时态、语态，排除语法不符选项。
先易后难：先填确定项，缩小范围；难题标记，回头再解。
3. 代入复查，确保连贯（1 分钟）
将选项代入空格，通读全文，检查语义通顺、逻辑连贯、语法正确。
三、备考建议
1. 阅读策略训练：掌握"三步法"——浏览全文→标记关键词→分析逻辑关系；
2. 主题素材积累：关注五大热点领域——科技与未来、社会与文化、全球性问题、教育与成长、数字素养；建立主题词库——如环保主题关联词(recycle, ecosystem, sustainable等)多读权威材料。
四、实战演练
考向01——解题技巧类
方法1　分析上下文语境
　　在做阅读补全题目时,首先要通读全文,根据上下文语境判断设空处想要表达的意思,进而确定答案。
Do you ever wish you had more time Everyone gets the same amount of time each day. But here are ways to use those hours better. As a popular saying says, “Work smarter, not harder.”
The most important way to manage your time is to set priorities(优先事项). 　1 Also, consider whether or not they are urgent—if they need to be done right away. It can be easy to forget important tasks that aren't urgent, so make time for ...
A.Think about the time of day you work best.
B.That way I can make sure I don't forget anything.
C.Figure out(弄明白) which of your tasks is the most important.
D.Often, managing time means saying no to things that aren’t so important.
E.Meetings also tend to be a waste of time, so avoid them whenever possible.
方法2　分析逻辑关系
　　句子之间的逻辑关系包括并列、递进、转折、因果等。可以通过and, then, not only...but also..., but, however, though, because, so等词确定。
Write down what you need to do and when. I keep two to-do lists: one for the present tasks and one for
larger projects I'm working on. 　3 And I don't get discouraged by looking at a long list of items I
can't finish. I focus on the shorter list of each day's tasks.
A.Think about the time of day you work best.
B.That way I can make sure I don't forget anything.
C.Figure out(弄明白) which of your tasks is the most important.
D.Often, managing time means saying no to things that aren’t so important.
E.Meetings also tend to be a waste of time, so avoid them whenever possible.
方法3 根据承上启下关系推断
Suppose you’re in London and trying to find the bus to take you to Hyde Park. This should be easy. But if you can’t speak the language, it can be a problem. What will you do 　 1 　Know the place you want to go.You can always tell others the name of the place where you want to go……. Whatever it is, if you do a little homework to remember its name, you can ask the way much more easily.
A. Here is some advice on how to ask the way in a foreign country.
B. Take a map or a picture.
What is health “Health” means eating well, getting enough exercise, and having a healthy weight. Let’s read the following rules. 　 1 　.Eat different kinds of foods, especially fruit and vegetables. We all know that eating fruit and vegetables can help us stay healthy, …… Remember that we can only get the nutrition(营养) we need by eating different kinds of foods, especially fruit and vegetables.
A. They include a lot of sugar.
B. They can help you keep healthy.
You've been learning words since you were a tiny baby. At first, you learned them only by hearing other people talk. Now that you're a reader, you have another way to learn words. What should you do when you come to a word and you think you don't know what it means？　 1 　Say itFirst, sound it out. Then say it to yourself．…… Sometimes you know a word in your head but you don't know what it looks like in print. So if you match up what you know and what you read ─ you have the word!
A. You can find the word in a dictionary.
B. Following some easy steps can help you.
方法4 根据并列递进关系推断
Volunteering allows volunteers to meet new people, try out new skills and explore career choices. 1 Take Andrew Makhoul, a student at the University of Pennsylvania, as an example. Andrew didn’t spend his last spring break relaxing. Instead, the 19-year-old boy decided to do something for people who were less lucky than himself. He travelled to an orphanage(孤儿院) in Guatemala in Central American……. And it depends on volunteers to stay open.
A. It is a chance for poor children to get better care and support.
B. For young adults, valuable lessons may also be learned through volunteering.
方法5根据转折关系推断
You may have already forgotten the days when you had to learn how to use chopsticks. Every Chinese kids struggles with them for some time. 1 They come with their own special rules and traditions.
A. How Chinese kids learn to use chopsticks
B. But chopsticks are not just simple tools to pick up food.
When you are a teenager, it seems that every time you say, “I want to……” , your parents answer, “ No, you can’t.” Teenagers often think they should be allowed to make their own decisions, 1 Li Hai, a 15-year-old boy from Huarong, is a middle school student. He is often late for school because he stays up too late……. Unless he arrives at school on time, he will be punished by his teacher.
A. he will argue with his father or mother.
B. but their parents may worry about children’s development.
方法6 同词复现
Li Enhui said in an interview,“As long as we are alive, there are no problems that cannot be solved, and many people don't have my experiences. 1 Such an idea makes many adults feel embarrassed.
A.“Poor students” are usually hard-working and caring.
B. And these experiences make me grow and become better.
Stay clean. No one likes a bad smell that could knock someone over. Shower every day, brush your teeth and wash your hair. 1 Be respectful of people's differences. 2 And everyone believes in different things. It is a good thing to have different friends with different opinions because you can each share your own.
A. Starting a new life might make you excited.
B. Everyone has his or her own opinion of the world.
C. You are supposed to make yourself look clean and tidy, whatever you wear.
方法7.根据同畴词推断
As one of the world top universities, Stanford has many subjects that stand among the top ones in the world. 1 If you want to study computer in a university abroad, maybe it is your best choice.
A. The tallest building is Stanford is Hoover Tower.
B. And computer science has been the first for many years.
考向02——主题分类讲解
（1）人与自我
(2024深圳二模)请阅读短文，并从下面方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。
Do you want to make your learning more effective Follow these four steps to develop your own learning plan and work to achieve your goals.
●Find a learning goal
Find your goal before you create a personal learning plan. 1 It should also be important enough that you'll focus on it over other things.
●Break your goal into smaller goals
2 Think of these smaller goals as the steps you need to take to achieve your final goal. By breaking your goal into smaller goals, it'll be clear what you need to learn and how to get there.
●Develop your plan
Make a complete plan after finding your overall goal and smaller goals. Organize your plan in an order and list each of your learning goals. And then you should decide the action you need to take to reach them. 3
●Hold yourself accountable （对自己负责）
4 It's important that you hold yourself accountable and follow through on the learning activities you've planned. Learning new skills can take time, but you have to put in the necessary time to meet your goals. 5 If you waste too much time, you may not achieve your final goal on time.
A.And do not forget the date by which you would like to complete the action. B.Try to save time to focus on your learning each week. C.Your goal should be challenging and possible. D.You have a very big goal. E.Your work has just begun after you've created a learning plan. F.It will be easier to reach if you break your final goal down into smaller ones.
（二）人与社会
（2025·深圳·二模）请阅读下面的短文，并从下列的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。
Over the past few years, keyboards have quietly replaced everyday handwriting. However, research shows that writing by hand has some special benefits that digital tools can’t give us.
1 When we write, we hold a pen with our fingers, press it on paper, and move our hands to create letters and words. It requires a lot of our attention. This has been shown to support reading and spelling in children
Adults can also get a lot from handwriting. A study on 42 adults learning Arabic (阿拉伯语) found that those who wrote the letters by hand could recognize them faster than those who typed or just looked at them. 2 The more active our brain is, the better we learn.
A professor named Audrey compares our brain to a road system. 3 With practice and experience, these small roads can become motorways that connect different parts of the brain. This allows information to travel more quickly and efficiently. In another study, she had a new discovery. The whole brain worked when they were writing by hand. 4
As a result, researchers are encouraging the continuous use of pen and paper. 5 It helps us learn and think better.
A．And handwriting helps us keep healthy.
B．Writing by hand uses many of our senses.
C．But smaller areas worked when they were typing.
D．She says brain networks in children are like small roads.
E．Keeping handwriting is a very good exercise for the brain.
F．This is because handwriting can make our brain more active.
（3）人与自然
(2024广州一模)阅读短文及文后的A~E选项，选出可以填入1~5各题空白处的最佳选项。
The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms （节气） according to the changes in the sun's position during the year. 1 They also reflect China's rich history through the seasonal festivals, special foods, family gatherings and even healthy living tips.
Rain Water, Yushui in Chinese, is the second solar term. 2 When it begins, it brings an increase in rainfall and a rise in temperature. With its arrival, a lively spring starts to come. The frozen river water melts, and trees and grass turn green again.
According to an old Chinese saying, the rainfall in spring is as precious as oil. In northern China, the spring drought is common and there is only a little rain in this season. 3
Extra care is needed to deal with the returning cold in the late spring that often happens during Rain Water period. The fast increase in air humidity due to rainfall can result in lower temperatures and wet weather. 4
The wet weather during Rain Water period is considered harmful to people's stomachs according to Chinese medical practice. Therefore, a bowl of nutritious （有营养的） porridge is the best choice to nourish the body. 5
A.This year, it starts on Feb. 19 and ends on Mar. 4. B.People often cook it with Dihuang, a kind of Chinese medicine. C.The 24 solar terms were created thousands of years ago to guide farming. D.It is strongly advised not to take off the thick coats too early and to keep warm. E.Therefore, Rain Water is considered as a key period for farming.
考向02——能力进阶
（1）中西文化
(2024广州一模)阅读短文及文后的A~E选项，选出可以填入1~5各题空白处的最佳选项。
“Dragon” has long been used as the translation of the word “Loong”. According to some written records, “Loong” was first translated into “dragon” in The Travels of Marco Polo published in 1299. 1 “Loong” is similar to the Western dragon, in a way—for example, both are huge and can fly. But the translation is far from being able to show all the meanings that “Loong” has in Chinese culture. Instead, it makes Westerners unable to understand it.
2 As we see in movies, the Western dragon is a kind of fire-breathing cruel animal. It is usually beaten by heroes. However, in China, it's said that the Chinese dragon can fly and has the magical power to control wind and rain. 3 The Chinese use “Loong” as one of their favourite names or decorations.
“Loong” is meaningful and native to China and there aren't any proper expressions for it in Western languages. 4 They aim to tell people the Chinese dragon is totally different from the fire-breathing one in ancient Western stories. No matter which way “Loong” is translated, we must show that “Loong” is warm and joyful. It's very different from the Western dragon. 5
A.The Chinese believe “Loong” can bring them strength and good luck. B.In what ways is the Chinese dragon quite different from the Western dragon C.“Dragon” may have been the best word to describe “Loong” at that time. D.We should always try to explain “Loong” well so that Westerners won't get lost in the translation. E.Culture experts believe that it's just a good idea to bring the new word “Loong” to describe the Chinese dragon.
（2）科技与生活
（2025·广东广州·二模）Artificial intelligence is commonly known as AI. It is a technology that is used daily by people around the world. For example, in streaming TV services and car navigation systems.
Then, do you know what AI is 1 AI uses the information and instructions it is given to solve problems.
The first AI computer programs were created over 70 years ago. 2 In 2016, the most advanced humanoid AI computer called Sophia was created by Hanson Robotics.
Today, many smartphones use AI for face ID security and most modern cars have maps and directions systems that use AI technology. Streaming TV services also use AI to recommend shows to users based on what other users are watching. 3 An example of this is the virtual assistant known as Alexa. In addition, search engines use AI to search for information quickly. Banking, shopping and utility companies use AI to help their customers by using computers that answer phone calls and chat box questions. Other uses of AI include smart home devices, such as thermostats (自动调温器) and the doorbells. AI can be used for advertisements as it traces your online searches and search history. 4 In astronomy, scientists are using AI in telescopes to find new objects across our galaxy and beyond.
5 It is appearing more frequently in our everyday lives so it is important to keep up with the new technology.
A．They were designed to play board games and use human-like intelligence.
B．AI is also helping doctors to scan X-rays, perform operations and diagnose patients.
C．AI is a fast - developing technology.
D．AI is the technology that gives a computer, robot or machine the power to learn.
E．Virtual assistants use AI to answer questions and complete tasks.
（3）运动与健康
（2025·广州·二模）阅读短文及文后A～E选项，选出可以填入各题空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
We all know that exercise is good for our health. 1
Running, for example, may help to protect against heart disease and other health problems. 2 Researchers say it is not important how far you run. As advertisements for the running shoe Nike say, “Just do it.”
Recently, researchers studied more than 55,000 adults. 3 The study found these runners were considerably less likely than non-runners to die of any form of disease, including heart disease. In fact, the runners usually lived three years longer than the non-runners.
4 During that time, more than 3,400 of the individuals died. About 1, 200 of the deaths were linked to heart disease, a heart attack or a pared to non-runners, runners showed 30 percent lower risk of death by any causes. Also, runners compared to non-runners showed 45 percent lower risk of death by cardiovascular disease.
The runners in the study ran between 10 and 16 kilometers per hour. Slower runners, and those who only ran once or twice a week, were helped nearly as much as those who ran faster and further. Researchers looked at the running over time and found that persistent (坚持的) runners—over six years—showed the biggest benefits.
To stay healthy, doctors suggest that adults up to age 65 do 150 minutes of moderate exercise every week. 5 So why not run for good health every week
A．This study lasted 15 years.
B．Running also may help you live longer.
C．About one-fourth of the adults reported running regularly.
D．However, some kinds of exercise may be better than others.
E．They say these individuals need 75 minutes of energetic exercise.
考向03——真题实战
（1）科技与运动
（2025·广东广州·中考真题）阅读短文及文后A～E选项，选出可以填入各题空白处的最佳选项。
Technology has greatly improved the performance of modern athletes. They use modern equipment (装备) to help them run faster, jump higher and win more.
1 These shoes are made of special materials to reduce weight and provide better support. High-tech is helping bicyclists, too. They ride bikes made from lightweight materials like carbon fiber. These bikes are built to reduce wind resistance and help them ride faster and more smoothly. 2
What’s the future of smart sports equipment 3 It uses sensors (传感器) to tell athletes what is going on in their bodies. These sensors are also able to tell how much energy they are using. One product in development is a wearable sensor. It tells runners when and how much they need to drink.
4 Coaches use computers, apps, and smart tools to help their athletes learn better skills. For example, some coaches use video analysis tools to study and improve their athletes’ movements. Virtual reality (VR) has also become part of the training. It allows athletes to feel like they are competing in real matches, helping them prepare for possible challenges.
With technology, athletes can improve their performance and achieve amazing results. 5 The mix of hard work, talent, and smart tools helps athletes reach their best level.
A．A recent development is smart clothing.
B．Runners wear high-tech shoes to go faster.
C．Modern technology also improves training.
D．A small change in design can make a huge difference.
E．However, technology will never take the place of talent or hard work.
（2）书写和书籍的历史发展
（2024·广东广州·中考真题）阅读短文及文后A~E选项，选出可以填入各题空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Cave paintings are the oldest pictures. Some of them are almost 30, 000 years old. Many of these paintings show animals or hunting scenes (狩猎场景). They do not have written words on them. But when we look at them, we get an idea of the feelings the people had when drawing them. The paintings tell stories of hopes and fears. 1
Sometime between 4, 000 and 3, 000 BC, the skill of writing was developed in Egypt and Mesopotamia. People cut texts on stones first. 2 But it was impossible to carry stones from place to place. The invention of papyrus (莎草纸) allowed documents to be moved easily. More than 3, 000 years ago, the ancient Chinese people cut words on bones and shells. These words are called jiaguwen. It is the writing system that has developed over thousands of years into today’s hanzi.
People made the first books from papyrus and from thin animal skins. Around 105 AD, paper-making skill was improved after the invention of paper in China. 3 It was published in 868 AD．In the middle of the 15th century, the printing machine was invented in Germany. Since that time, a huge number of books have been printed worldwide. 4
Books will be around for many years, of course. But some people prefer reading electronic books. 5 Now you can buy your books whenever you want without having to leave the comfort of your home.
A．They are easier to take with you when you travel.
B．They are an early form of written communication.
C．The world’s oldest known printed book is from China too.
D．They are an early form of communication without reading and writing.
E．For many people, reading in the library is one of life’s greatest pleasures.
（3）“教科书式”旅游
（2024·广东深圳·中考真题）There are many humanistic monuments (人文古迹) and natural scenic spots (景点 ) in textbooks. Children are always interested in them, and they want to go there in person. 1 This kind of tour allows parents and children to deepen their understanding of the scenes (场景) mentioned in the textbooks.
Many families have taken part in the textbook tour. 2 They can understand the cultural background and experience the historical period in the textbooks. For example, in Fuzhou, parents and children can watch lively shows and visit the museums to learn more about the famous writer Tang Xianzu in the Ming Dynasty. In addition, they can learn about the local customs. 3
The textbook tour is a connection between “reading thousands of books” and “travelling thousands of miles”. 4 Besides, the textbook tour further increases children’s pride in the motherland. It also helps them learn about the excellent traditional culture of China.
The rise of the textbook tour is a great chance for the connection between culture and tourism. For example, the Wen chuan government holds some activities on the birthday of Dayu. 5 This spreads local culture and provides an unforgettable experience for tourists. As the text book tour becomes a new fashion, the government should offer warm services to achieve a win-win situation for both scenic spots and tourists.
This further makes their journey colorful.
B．That’s why the textbook tour has become popular these days.
C．They follow the stories in the textbooks and choose places to travel.
D．Cultural workers teach “Dayu culture” to tourists in these activities.
E．Through the practice, children can have a deeper understanding of the textbooks.
F．Textbooks can broaden my horizons.
参考答案：
解题技巧 C B A B B B B B B B
话题1 C F A E B
话题2 B F D C E
话题3 C A E D B
能力进阶1 C B A E D
能力进阶2 D A E B C
能力进阶3 D B C A E
真题1 B D A C E
真题2 D B C E A
真题3 B C A E D

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