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高考英语非谓语动词 最全知识点总结（带例句 + 专项训练）
一、非谓语动词 基础认知
1. 定义
不能单独作句子谓语，但仍具有动词特征（可带宾语、状语），可以充当主、宾、表、定、状、补的动词形式，称为非谓语动词。
2. 三大形式（核心）
to do 不定式：表目的、将来、具体、未发生
doing 现在分词 / 动名词：表主动、进行、习惯、抽象
done 过去分词：表被动、完成、状态
3. 一句话口诀
**一句一谓无连词，非谓出场定乾坤；
to do 目的将来走，doing 主动进行留，
done 被动完成收。
二、to do 不定式 精讲（高频考点）
1. 核心含义
要去做、为了做、将来做、具体动作
2. 句法功能 + 例句
（1）作主语
To learn English well is necessary.
学好英语很有必要。
形式主语：It is necessary to learn English well.
（2）作宾语（只接 to do 的动词）
I decide to study harder. 我决定更努力学习。
She refused to answer the question. 她拒绝回答这个问题。
必背动词：want, hope, wish, refuse, decide, plan, promise, pretend, manage, expect
（3）作宾语补足语
My parents encourage me to join the club.
父母鼓励我参加社团。
被动语态还原 to：He was seen to enter the room.
（4）作定语（后置）
I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。
He is the first one to arrive. 他是第一个到的。
（5）作状语（高考必考：目的 / 结果）
目的：He got up early to catch the bus.
他早起是为了赶公交车。
意外结果：He hurried to the station, only to find the train left.
他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。
3. 完成式 to have done（表 “动作先于谓语”）
He seems to have known the truth.
他似乎已经知道真相了。
三、doing 形式 精讲（现在分词 / 动名词）
1. 核心含义
主动、进行、正在做、习惯性、抽象概念
2. 句法功能 + 例句
（1）作主语 / 宾语（只接 doing）
主语：Reading aloud is important. 大声朗读很重要。
宾语：I enjoy listening to music. 我喜欢听音乐。
必背动词：enjoy, mind, avoid, finish, practice, suggest, admit, miss, keep, imagine
（2）作定语
前置：a sleeping boy 一个正在睡觉的男孩
后置：The man standing there is my teacher.
站在那里的那个人是我的老师。
（3）作状语（时间 / 原因 / 伴随 / 自然结果）
伴随：They sat together, talking happily.
他们坐在一起，愉快地交谈。
自然结果：The rain lasted a whole day, causing the flood.
雨下了一整天，引发了洪水。
（4）作宾补（正在进行）
I saw him playing basketball on the playground.
我看见他正在操场上打篮球。
3. 完成式 having done（先于谓语发生）
Having finished his homework, he went out to play.
做完作业后，他出去玩了。
四、done 过去分词 精讲（被动 / 完成）
1. 核心含义
已经被…、完成、被动状态
2. 句法功能 + 例句
（1）作定语
a broken window 一扇被打破的窗户
The book written by Mo Yan is popular.
莫言写的这本书很受欢迎。
（2）作状语（被动 / 完成）
Seen from the top, the park looks beautiful.
从顶上看，这个公园很美。
Born in a poor family, he works hard.
出生于贫困家庭，他学习很刻苦。
（3）作宾补（被动完成）
I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天剪了头发。
He spoke loudly to make himself heard.
他大声说话让别人能听见。
（4）作表语（-ed 表示 “人感到…”）
I am interested in the story. 我对这个故事感兴趣。
The news is surprising. 这个消息令人惊讶。
五、高考核心必背区分（黄金表格）
1. 只接 to do / 只接 doing / 两用意义不同
类型 动词 例句
只接 to do want, hope, decide, refuse I hope to see you soon.
只接 doing enjoy, mind, avoid, finish He avoids making mistakes.
remember to do 记得要做；doing 记得做过 Remember to lock the door.
forget to do 忘记要做；doing 忘记做过 He forgot telling me.
regret to do 遗憾要做；doing 后悔做过 I regret saying that.
try to do 尽力；doing 尝试 Try to finish it on time.
stop to do 停下来去做；doing 停止做 Stop talking!
2. 作状语快速判断
目的 → to do
伴随 / 进行 → doing
被动 / 完成 → done
意外结果 → only to do
自然结果 → doing
3. 常考介词 to + doing
look forward to doing 期待
be used to doing 习惯于
devote oneself to doing 致力于
pay attention to doing 注意
六、高考解题 万能四步法
判谓语：句子已有谓语，无连词 → 用非谓语
找逻辑主语：非谓语动作的发出者
定主被动：主动用 doing/to do；被动用 done
定时间：
将来 / 目的 → to do
同时 / 进行 → doing
完成 / 被动 → done
先于谓语 → having done /to have done
七、非谓语动词 专项训练（20 题 全国卷难度）
用所给动词的正确形式填空
He decided_________(study) abroad next year.
I enjoy________ (read) English novels.
The book ________ (write) by him is very popular.
He got up early________ (catch) the first bus.
I saw her________ (play) the piano at that time.
The glass is ________ (break).
He is always the first ________ (come) to school.
Remember________ (close) the window when you leave.
________ (finish) the work, he went home.
The story is ________ (interest).
He avoided________ (answer) my question.
He was made________ (work) all day.
I look forward to________ (see) you again.
________ (hear) the news, they jumped with joy.
The house________ (build) last year is a library.
He tried________ (move) the stone, but failed.
It’s no use ________ (cry) over spilt milk.
I have a lot of things________ (do) today.
He kept me ________ (wait) for an hour.
________ (lose) in thought, he didn’t notice me.
参考答案
to study
reading
written
to catch
playing
broken
to come
to close
Having finished
interesting
answering
to work
seeing
Hearing
built
to move
crying
to do
waiting
Lost

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