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2026高考大纲---【前沿技术+人文】命题方向
1、太空居住难题
For centuries, humanity has looked at the stars and dreamed of walking on distant worlds. Today, that dream is closer to reality than ever before. While landing on the Moon or Mars is a significant achievement, the real challenge lies in answering a more complex question: how can we ensure long-term survival for humans on another planet
Establishing a permanent, self-sufficient colony on a planet like Mars presents enormous difficulties. The most immediate threat is the harsh environment. Unlike Earth, Mars has a thin atmosphere, no protective magnetic field, and extremely cold temperatures averaging -60 degrees Celsius. This means settlers would be exposed to dangerous levels of radiation from the sun and deep space. Any habitat would require heavy shielding, perhaps using Martian soil or building settlements inside caves or lava tubes.
Another critical issue is the supply of necessities. Transporting food, water, and building materials from Earth is incredibly expensive and impractical for a long-term colony. Scientists are therefore developing technologies for in-situ resource utilization (ISRU), which means "using resources on the ground." This involves extracting water ice from the soil, producing oxygen from the atmosphere, and even using the dirt to 3D-print buildings. Growing food in controlled environments, without soil and under artificial light, is another vital area of research.
Furthermore, the human body itself is not designed for low gravity. On Mars, which has only about one-third of Earth's gravity, long-term effects could include muscle loss, bone weakening, and problems with organs. Scientists are studying these effects on astronauts aboard the International Space Station to find countermeasures, such as specialized exercise equipment and artificial gravity systems.
In conclusion, while the goal of a self-sustaining city on another world is still far off, the fundamental problems are being tackled. Each breakthrough in shielding, resource utilization, and human biology not only brings us closer to becoming an interplanetary species but also leads to valuable innovations for life on our home planet.
1. What is the main purpose of the passage
A) To explain why living on Mars is impossible.
B) To discuss the key challenges of long-term survival on other planets.
C) To describe the advantages of living in a low-gravity environment.
D) To compare the atmospheres of Earth and Mars.
2. According to the passage, what is the primary danger of Mars's thin atmosphere
A) It makes it difficult to grow food.
B) It causes extremely low temperatures.
C) It fails to protect settlers from radiation.
D) It prevents the extraction of water from the soil.
3. The underlined term "in-situ resource utilization" (ISRU) in paragraph 3 most likely refers to the practice of ______.
A) transporting essential supplies from Earth on a regular basis
B) creating a breathable atmosphere inside a habitat
C) using local materials found on the planet to support life
D) developing new exercise equipment for low-gravity environments
4. What can be inferred about the research mentioned in the passage
A) It will only benefit future space colonists.
B) It has already solved the problem of low gravity.
C) It is likely to have practical applications on Earth as well.
D) It focuses mainly on finding water ice on the Moon.
2、AI帮助还是代替人
We are living in a time when computers and smart machines are becoming a big part of our daily lives. Artificial intelligence, or AI, helps us do many things, from finding the fastest way home to suggesting songs we might like. But as AI grows more powerful, an important question arises: Is AI here to replace us or to help us
Many experts believe that the true purpose of AI should be to serve people, not to take their place. In other words, AI should work as a helpful tool that makes our lives easier and our work better. It can deal with boring or difficult tasks, like sorting through huge amounts of information, so that humans can focus on more creative and meaningful work.
A good example can be found in hospitals. AI systems can now look at X-ray pictures and help find illnesses at a very early stage. This is a great help to doctors, because it saves time and provides useful information. However, AI does not make decisions on its own. The final call still lies with the doctor, who considers not only the data, but also the patient's feelings and personal situation. The human touch is something that machines simply cannot copy.
In schools, AI is also making a difference. It can offer personalized lessons based on each student's learning pace. If a student is having trouble with math, AI can provide extra practice. If another student finds science too easy, AI can offer more challenging materials. Yet, no machine can replace a real teacher. A teacher encourages students, understands their worries, and helps them grow not just in knowledge, but as people.
Of course, some people worry that AI might take away jobs. It is true that some simple, repetitive jobs may be done by machines in the future. But just as in the past, new technology also creates new kinds of jobs. The key is to learn new skills and be ready to work side by side with AI. After all, the real goal of AI is not to beat humans, but to work for them.
1. What is the main purpose of this passage
A) To explain why AI will soon replace teachers and doctors.
B) To discuss how AI should serve humans rather than replace them.
C) To list all the jobs that AI can do better than humans.
D) To warn people about the dangers of using AI.
2. The underlined phrase "the final call" in paragraph 3 most probably means ______.
A) the last phone call of the day
B) the final decision
C) the most difficult task
D) the only choice
3. Why does the author mention the example of AI in schools
A) To show that AI can fully take the place of teachers.
B) To prove that AI is only useful for math and science.
C) To explain that AI can help students learn, but teachers are still needed.
D) To suggest that schools should use more machines in class.
4. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A) AI will cause everyone to lose their jobs.
B) Humans no longer need to learn anything new.
C) Although some jobs may change, new chances will appear.
D) AI will control everything in the future workplace.
3、量子计算
In the fast-changing world of technology, quantum computing is one of the most exciting new developments. Traditional computers process information in bits, which can only be either 0 or 1. But quantum computers use qubits（量子比特）. Thanks to quantum mechanics, a qubit can be both 0 and 1 at the same time. This allows quantum computers to solve certain problems millions of times faster than today's best supercomputers.
Recently, a team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Peking University achieved a significant breakthrough, published in the journal Nature. They successfully found a way to control a phenomenon known as “prethermalization” in a quantum system . Before a quantum system falls into chaos—a state that destroys its computational value—it enters this brief, stable “buffer zone.” The team not only observed this phase clearly but also learned how to make this stable period last longer. They can now adjust the system like a conductor leading an orchestra, giving scientists more time to perform calculations before the system falls apart.
This breakthrough is a big step toward solving one of the biggest problems in quantum computing errors. Quantum states are very fragile. Small changes in the environment can cause mistakes. In classical computers, we can copy information to fix errors, but in quantum computing, copying is not possible. The new method helps keep the quantum system stable, protecting the information inside.
If researchers can continue to make progress, quantum computers could change the world. They might help scientists discover new materials, create better medicines by studying molecules, or improve financial risk management. However, there are still many challenges. For example, to build a useful quantum computer, we may need millions of qubits working together. But each new discovery, like this one, brings us one step closer to making quantum computing a reality.
1. What makes qubits different from traditional bits
A. They are smaller and easier to produce.
B. They can be both 0 and 1 at the same time.
C. They never make errors during computing.
D. They can only work in stable environments.
2. What did the Chinese research team achieve
A. They built the world's fastest quantum computer.
B. They found a way to copy quantum information.
C. They learned how to make a quantum system stay stable longer.
D. They solved a medical problem using a quantum computer.
3. In the passage, the underlined word "prethermalization" refers to _____.
A. the final stage when a quantum computer becomes too hot to work
B. the brief period of stability before a quantum system becomes chaotic
C. the process of cooling down qubits to make them more stable
D. the method used to copy quantum information for error correction
4. What can we learn about the future of quantum computing from the passage
A. It is already widely used in everyday life.
B. There are no more problems to solve.
C. Scientists are hopeful but know there is still work to do.
D. It will only be used for financial management.
4、学霸机器人
On September 14, 2025, "Xueba 01", China's first robot PhD student, officially registered at the Shanghai Theatre Academy (STA). This event marks a historic moment where artificial intelligence becomes part of higher education in the performing arts .
"Xueba 01" was developed by a team led by Professor Li Qingdu from the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology. It will study theatrical and film studies, with a special focus on digital performance design. As an "embodied AI", the robot learns artistic creation through physical interaction with its environment. Standing 1.75 meters tall and weighing about 30 kilograms, it features flexible silicone skin that allows it to make human-like facial expressions and gestures .
During the orientation ceremony, "Xueba 01" received its student ID card and had a conversation with Pan Tao, a famous CCTV news host who was also starting his PhD at STA. After their talk, Pan shared his impression: "It answers very fast. It uses both words and eye contact, which was more than I expected."
The robot's doctoral program consists of three main components. There are basic courses like perception modeling and language interaction, which help the robot understand and respond to its surroundings. Artistic training includes role-playing and emotional expression, allowing it to develop creative skills. System-based studies cover data fusion and ethical modeling, ensuring the robot's behavior aligns with human values .
Throughout its studies, "Xueba 01" will work alongside human students in workshops, lab research, and creative projects. This collaboration aims to explore new forms of digital art that combine human creativity with machine intelligence.
The project represents a partnership between STA and the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, bringing together expertise in both arts and engineering. Professor Li emphasized that "Xueba 01" is not intended to replace human artists but to serve as a creative partner, bringing fresh perspectives to the artistic process .
As China continues to invest in cutting-edge technologies, the integration of AI into traditionally human-centered fields like the arts opens up exciting possibilities for the future of both education and creative expression.
1. What is the main purpose of the "Xueba 01" project
A. To replace human actors in theatrical performances.
B. To explore the combination of art and technology.
C. To test whether robots can pass PhD exams.
D. To save money on education costs.
2. What makes "Xueba 01" different from traditional AI systems
A. It can only process digital information.
B. It learns through physical interaction with its environment.
C. It was developed by a single university.
D. It cannot make facial expressions.
3. What can be inferred from Pan Tao's comments about "Xueba 01"
A. He found it difficult to communicate with the robot.
B. The robot's performance exceeded his expectations.
C. He believed robots would soon replace human hosts.
D. The robot could only respond with pre-recorded phrases.
4. Which of the following is part of "Xueba 01"'s doctoral program
A. Building computer hardware.
B. Learning emotional expression.
C. Teaching human students.
D. Designing new robots.
参考答案：
第一篇：太空居住难题
1. B
2. C
3. C
4. C
第二篇：AI帮助还是代替人
1. B
2. B
3. C
4. C
第三篇：量子计算
1. B
2. C
3. B
4. C
第四篇：学霸机器人
1. B
2. B
3. B
4. B2026高考大纲---【前沿技术+人文】命题方向
技术类阅读 嫦娥7号
Later this year, China will launch the Chang'e-7 spacecraft on a mission to the Moon. But unlike previous missions that focused on simply landing or bringing back samples, Chang'e-7 has a very special task: to find water on the lunar surface. If successful, China could become the first country in the world to discover water on the Moon .
The spacecraft will head for a place called the South Pole-Aitken Basin, an area located above 85 degrees south latitude on the Moon . Why this particular spot Scientists believe that water ice might exist there. At the Moon's south pole, there are areas known as "permanently shadowed craters" — deep holes where the sun never shines. Because these areas are extremely cold, any water that once existed would have frozen into ice and remained there for billions of years .
However, finding this water is not an easy task. Previous lunar missions have only observed these shadowed areas from afar. Chang'e-7 will do something no spacecraft has ever done before. It carries a unique "hopper" — a small flying probe that can lift off from the lander, fly into these dark craters, and land again to collect samples .
According to Ye Peijian, a scientist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the mission will use multiple methods to search for water. "We are going to look for water on the surface and also inside the craters," he explained .
Why is finding water on the Moon so important Water is not just for drinking. It can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen — hydrogen could be used as rocket fuel, and oxygen could be used for breathing. This means that if water is found, future astronauts could potentially "live off the land" when building a lunar base .
The Chang'e-7 mission is part of China's larger plan for lunar exploration. It will be followed by Chang'e-8 around 2029, and together they will help build the basic structure of an International Lunar Research Station . The search for water is the first crucial step toward making long-term human presence on the Moon a reality.
1. What is the main task of the Chang'e-7 mission
A) To bring back rock samples from the Moon.
B) To land a human on the lunar surface.
C) To search for water ice on the Moon.
D) To take photos of the far side of the Moon.
2. Why do scientists believe there might be water at the Moon's south pole
A) Because rivers were found in that area.
(B) Because water was discovered there by previous missions.
C) Because permanently shadowed craters are extremely cold and may hold ice.
D) Because the south pole receives the most sunlight.
3. The underlined word "hopper" in paragraph 3 most probably refers to ______.
A) a large container for carrying water
B) a small flying probe that can enter dark craters
C) a special camera that takes pictures from orbit
D) a new type of rocket engine
4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the discovery of lunar water
A) It is only important for scientific research.
B) It will make it harder to build a lunar base.
C) It is a key step toward future human settlement on the Moon.
D) It has already been achieved by previous missions.
2 人物传记
Quinta Brunson, an award - winning actor and TV writer, has a profound connection with her hometown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She's widely recognized for creating Abbott Elementary, a sitcom set in this very city she calls home. Now, her contributions have been publicly acknowledged in a special way: she's been honored with a symbolic key to the city and a mural at her former elementary school, an institution that played a crucial role in inspiring her hit show.
Brunson's journey into the world of entertainment began at a tender age. At just 3 years old, she had a natural knack for making people laugh by imitating TV characters for her siblings. This early sign of creativity set the stage for her future. She later enrolled at Temple University but made the bold decision to leave to pursue a career in comedy, driven by her passion for making people laugh and telling stories. Her big break in the digital world came with a comedic video series, which caught the attention of many and opened doors to writing and producing roles at BuzzFeed, as well as opportunities to work on sketch TV shows. These experiences were like stepping - stones, helping her hone her skills in writing, acting, and understanding what makes an audience tick.
However, her most significant breakthrough arrived in 2021 with Abbott Elementary. In this mockumentary - style sitcom, she not only stars as Janine Teagues but also serves as the creative force behind it. The series drew deep inspiration from her personal life: her mother's 40 - year - long career as a public school teacher and her former sixth - grade teacher, Joyce Abbott (who the show is named after). Through the show, Brunson shines a light on the daily ups and downs of working in an underfunded school. It's a portrayal that resonated deeply with audiences and critics alike, earning the show numerous honors, including a prestigious Peabody Award and four Emmys. These accolades are a testament to the show's quality and the impact it has had in highlighting important issues related to public education.
Adding to the celebration of her connection with her hometown is a new mural named Blooming Futures. Painted by local artist Athena Scott, with valuable assistance from the city's student arts program, the mural captures Brunson smiling alongside teachers and kids. Brunson has a long - standing love for Philadelphia's murals, dating back to her childhood. She vividly remembers being particularly moved by one mural that depicted a teacher of hers, and this memory fueled her desire to have her own mural showcase real people too. At the mural's unveiling, she poignantly stated, “You don’t need to see famous people on the wall. You need to see you. Even if it makes a difference for just one child, that one child matters.” This statement reflects her belief in the power of representation and how seeing yourself can have a profound impact, especially on the young minds growing up in the community.
1、What led Quinta Brunson to create Abbott Elementary
A. Her experiences at Temple University.
B. The comedic video series she made at BuzzFeed.
C. Her mother’s teaching career and her former teacher Joyce Abbott.
D. The murals in Philadelphia she admired as a teenager.
2、From Brunson’s words about murals, what can we understand
A. Famous people have no place on city murals.
B. Murals should mirror the real - life experiences of common people.
C. Only a single child’s life needs to be changed by murals.
D. All murals in Philadelphia should be about teachers.
3、Which of the following characteristics suits Quinta Brunson
A. Indecisive（优柔寡断的，无决断力的，）, as she gave up her university education.
B. One - dimensional, focusing only on acting.
C. Creative, evident from her early imitations and later TV triumphs.
D. Apathetic （冷漠的）towards social issues in education.
4、What is the main content of the third paragraph
A. Quinta Brunson’s childhood hobbies and interests.
B. The process of how Abbott Elementary was filmed.
C. The story behind the creation of the Blooming Futures mural and Brunson’s views.
D. Quinta Brunson’s plans for promoting more murals in Philadelphia.
3 座头鲸
If humpback whales spot humans on the water, they might direct special bubble rings our way. Scientists recently documented humpback whales creating such ring - shaped bubbles during friendly human interactions. This behavior could be a form of play or communication.
Humpback whales are famed for their long, complex songs, which likely aid their communication. The SETI Institute, researching alien life but also studying whales' songs and behavior to understand inter - species communication attempts, has been involved.
Jodi Frediani, a leader of a new study by the SETI Institute and the University of California, Davis, noted humpbacks' friendly behavior towards boats and swimmers. When researchers saw whales blowing ring - shaped bubbles underwater, they delved deeper. They sought stories of humpback encounters via conferences and social media, then interviewed wildlife researchers and collected photos/videos.
With the data, 12 instances were identified: 11 whales made 39 bubble rings. These whales came from global populations. Most “voluntarily approached boats and swimmers, blowing bubble rings in curious episodes”. Humpbacks were known to make bubbles for hunting or courting, but this is the first confirmation of bubble rings during human encounters.
Experts wonder why whales do this. They think it might be for connection or a reaction. Fred Sharpe, a study co - leader, said humpbacks live in complex societies and blow bubble rings to interact playfully, observe responses, or communicate.
1、What is the main purpose of the SETI Institute's study on humpback whales
A. To find alien life in whales' songs.
B. To help whales communicate better.
C. To understand how whales might communicate with humans.
D. To teach whales to use bubble rings.
2、Which of the following is TRUE about humpback whales' bubble - ring behavior
A. They only make bubble rings to hunt for food.
B. Scientists have long known they make bubble rings for human interactions.
C. The new study found 11 whales creating 39 bubble rings in 12 instances.
D. Whales make bubble rings mainly to attract female mates during human encounters.
3、How did the researchers gather information for their study on humpback whales
A. By only observing whales in the wild.
B. By asking people to share humpback encounter stories and interviewing researchers.
C. By teaching whales to make bubble rings.
D. By creating artificial bubble rings to attract whales.
4、What can we infer from Fred Sharpe's words
A. Humpback whales are lonely and need to interact with humans.
B. The bubble - ring behavior is a simple form of communication with no real purpose.
C. Humpback whales use bubble rings as one way to interact and communicate in their complex social lives.
D. Humans should create more bubble rings to communicate back with whales.
七选五
Get Smart About Saving
Knowing how to manage money is an important life skill. Creating a budget helps you save for what you want and be smarter with finances. Here's how to budget, save, and spend wisely.
Open a Bank Account
If you don't have a savings account, talk to a parent about opening one. The bank is the safest place for your money, and you earn interest. 1._______It makes your money grow over time as the bank rewards you for keeping funds there.
Track Your Spending
A budget is a plan for using money. When making a budget, know your money and its uses. 2._______ Write down all spending for two weeks. Then evaluate purchases—was everything worth it This shows where your money goes and helps cut unnecessary costs.
Think in Threes
One budgeting way is to split money into “spend,” “save,” and “give.” 3._______ You can use jars or a running list to divide funds. Split equally or in your preferred way. It ensures money for small treats, big savings goals, and charity.
Set a Savings Goal
To avoid quick spending, set a goal. Think of what you want—a bike, ballet lessons, or an amusement park trip. 4._______ Work toward it slowly and feel accomplished when reached.
5._______ Mastering these steps lets you take control of your money, making it work for your present and future needs.
A. This interest means the bank pays you for keeping an account.
B. Saving can start small but lead to big financial sense.
C. Decide how much you need and plan to reach that amount.
D. Budgeting isn't just for adults—teens can benefit too!
E. Many adults use this method for household budgets.
F. Tracking spending reveals habits and helps manage money better.
G. Giving should always be the smallest part of your budget.
参考答案：
第一篇：嫦娥7号
1. C
2. C
3. B
4. C
第二篇：人物传记（Quinta Brunson）
1. C
2. B
3. C
4. C
第三篇：座头鲸
1. C
2. C
3. B
4. C
第四篇：七选五（Get Smart About Saving）
1. A
2. F
3. E
4. C
5. D

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