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2026年中考语法专题复习：非谓语动词作定语用法全解指南
一、不定式 to do 作定语
to do：表将来、主动的动作
例句：It is an exciting moment to remember.
to be done：表将来、被动的动作
例句：The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important.
必背固定专属结构
1. 序数词 / 最高级 (+ 名词) + to do
例句：He is always the first to arrive and the last to leave.
2. the only/last (+ 名词) + to do
例句：He is the only one to win the medal.
3. 专属抽象名词后用 to do 作后置定语
常用词：ability 能力、capability 能力、attempt 尝试、chance 机会、opportunity 机遇、courage 勇气、hope 希望、wish 愿望、way 方式、ambition 志向；抱负、dream 梦想、intention 打算；意向、plan 计划、right 权利、power 权力、privilege 特权、honor 荣誉、qualification 资格、desire 渴望；渴求、longing 向往、need 需求、urge 强烈意愿、time 时机、occasion 场合；时机、freedom 自由、patience 耐心、will 意志、effort 努力、energy 精力、tendency 倾向
例句：The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
二、v-ing（现在分词 / 动名词）作定语
1.doing 现在分词：表主动、正在进行，多前置修饰名词
例句：My hometown is a fast developing city.（表正在发展的状态）
being done：表被动、正在进行（正在被……），后置修饰名词例句：The houses being built are for the teachers.（表正在被建设的状态）
2.doing 动名词：放名词前，表物品用途、功能
例：a sleeping train 卧铺列车、a washing machine 洗衣机、
a walking stick 拐杖、a reading room 阅览室、a swimming pool 游泳池、a running track 跑道、a dining hall 食堂、drinking water 饮用水、a writing desk 书桌、cooking oil 食用油、a shopping bag 购物袋、
a waiting room 候车室、a sleeping bag 睡袋、a sewing machine 缝纫机、a bathing suit 泳衣、a fishing net 渔网、a hunting dog 猎犬、
a working place 工作场所、a parking lot 停车场、a climbing rope 登山绳、a shaving cream 剃须膏、a resting place 休息处、a feeding place 喂食处、a broadcasting room 广播室、recording equipment 录音设备
三、done（过去分词）作定语
核心含义：被动、已经完成
例句：
“Things lost never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.
我忍不住自言自语，“失去的东西再也回不来了。”
四、易混特殊成对对比
boiling water 主动进行 → 正在沸腾的水boiled water 被动完成 → 烧开过的白开水
falling leaves 主动进行 → 正在飘落的叶子fallen leaves 被动完成 → 已经落下的落叶
五、一秒做题判断口诀
先看时间：将来用 to do；正在用 doing；已经做完用 done再看主被动：主动用 to do/doing；被动用 to be done/being done/done
六、语法填空（单词正确形式填空）
基础原题
Scientists have warned that coral reefs are likely to become the world’s first ecosystem ______ (disappear) because of global warming.
In our school, he is the only student ______ (attend) the important meeting.
I am sure the news ______ (announce) at the meeting tomorrow will surprise all of you.
I think I will follow the advice ______ (provide) and try to strengthen my memory.
The exam ______ (take) several months away is of great importance to every student.
Light is the fastest thing______(know) in the universe.
新增拔高练习题
Do you have anything ______ (say) for yourself
The bridge ______ (build) now will connect the two villages soon.
Most of the artists ______ (invite) to the party were famous painters.
I have no chance ______ (visit) the Summer Palace this summer holiday.
The question ______ (discuss) tomorrow is difficult for us.
The girl ______ (stand) under the tree is my deskmate.
七、参考答案
基础原题答案
to disappear
to attend
to be announced
provided
to be taken
known
新增拔高题答案
to say
being built
invited
to visit
to be discussed
standing
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