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2026年人教版英语八下单元知识清单
Unit4 The Wonders of Nature单元知识清单
一、重点单词
单词 音标 词性 中文含义
wonder / w nd (r)/ n. 奇观；奇迹
measurement / me m nt/ n. 测量；度量
surface / s f s/ n. 表面；表层
depth /depθ/ n. 深度；纵深
dive /da v/ v./n. 潜水；下潜
research /r s t / v./n. 研究；调查
climber / kla m (r)/ n. 登山者；攀登者
survive /s va v/ v. 存活；艰难度过
determined /d t m nd/ adj. 有决心的；坚决的
risk /r sk/ v./n. 冒险；风险
explorer / k spl r (r)/ n. 探险者；勘探者
located /l ke t d/ adj. 位于；坐落在
freshwater / fre w t (r)/ adj. 淡水的
attract / tr kt/ v. 吸引；引起
underwater / nd w t (r)/ adj. 水下的
coral / k r l/ n. 珊瑚
turtle / t tl/ n. 海龟
cubic / kju b k/ adj. 立方的
二、词形变化
deep（adj. 深的）→ depth（n. 深度）；deeply（adv. 深刻地）
high（adj. 高的）→ height（n. 高度）
wide（adj. 宽的；广泛地）→ width（n. 宽度）
long（adj. 长的）→ length（n. 长度）
measure（v. 测量）→ measurement（n. 测量结果）；measured（adj. 测量好的）
success（n. 成功）→ successful（adj. 成功的）；successfully（adv. 成功地）
danger（n. 危险）→ dangerous（adj. 危险的）
curious（adj. 好奇的）→ curiosity（n. 好奇心）
三、重点短语
短语 中文含义 课文例句
square kilometre 平方千米 The Sahara Desert is about 9,000,000 square kilometres in size.
below sea level 低于海平面 The Dead Sea’s surface is 416 metres below sea level.
bit by bit 一点一点地；逐渐地 The climbers pulled themselves up bit by bit to pass the Second Step.
take measurements 进行测量 A Chinese team returned to Qomolangma to take its measurements in 2020.
risk one's life 冒生命危险 Why do people risk their lives to climb Qomolangma
be located on 位于；坐落在 The Great Barrier Reef is located on Australia’s northeastern coast.
in size 在尺寸 / 面积上 Qinghai Lake is 4,340 square kilometres in size.
by all means 务必；无论如何 We should protect rivers like the Yellow River by all means.
living structure 活的结构体 The Great Barrier Reef is the largest living structure on earth.
dream of a lifetime 一生的梦想 Visiting the Great Barrier Reef is the dream of a lifetime for ocean lovers.
四、重点句型
（一）描述自然奇观的位置与尺寸
[Natural wonder] is located + 地点.
It has a (n) [measurement, e.g., area/length/height] of + 数字 + [unit, e.g., square kilometres/metres].
例：The Sahara Desert is located in Africa. It has an area of about 9,000,000 square kilometres.
变式：[Natural wonder] is + 数字 + [unit] + [measurement term, e.g., long/deep/high].
例：The Yangtze River is about 6,300 kilometres long.
（二）使用形容词比较级与最高级描述自然奇观
[Natural wonder] is the + 最高级（e.g., highest/deepest/largest）+ [category, e.g., mountain/lake/desert] + in the world/China/Africa.
例：Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world.
The Mariana Trench is the deepest point in the ocean.
变式：[Wonder A] is + 比较级（e.g., longer/deeper）+ than [Wonder B].
例：The Yangtze River is longer than the Yellow River.
（三）询问自然奇观的维度（How + 疑问词）
How + 维度词（e.g., high/deep/long/large）+ is [natural wonder]
例：How high is Mount Qomolangma — It’s 8,848.86 metres high.
How deep is the Mariana Trench — It’s about 11,000 metres deep.
变式：How + 维度词 + is the [measurement, e.g., area/length] of [natural wonder]
例：How large is the area of the Sahara Desert
（四）说明自然奇观的重要性与价值
[Natural wonder] helps + 受益对象（e.g., ancient civilizations/animals/people）+ 动词原形（e.g., develop/survive/learn about nature）.
例：The Yellow River helped ancient Chinese civilizations develop.
The Great Barrier Reef helps many underwater animals survive.
变式：[Natural wonder] is important because + 原因（e.g., it provides homes for animals/teaches us about nature）.
例：Lake Baikal is important because it has over 1,200 types of animals.
（五）描述人类探索自然的成就
[Human group, e.g., Chinese team/explorer] + 动作（e.g., climbed/dived/researched）+ [natural wonder] + 时间 + to + 目的（e.g., measure its height/record animals）.
例：A Chinese team climbed Mount Qomolangma in 1960 to place the national flag there.
China’s Fendouzhe dived into the Mariana Trench in 2020 to film deep-sea animals.
默写版
一、重点单词
_______ /_______ n. 奇观；奇迹 → 例句：Qomolangma is a great _______ of nature.
_______ /_______ n. 测量；度量 → 例句：We need to take _______ of the lake’s size.
_______ /_______ n. 表面；表层 → 例句：The _______ of the Dead Sea is below sea level.
_______ /_______ n. 深度 → 例句：What’s the _______ of the Mariana Trench
_______ /_______ v. 潜水 → 例句：Fendouzhe _______ into the deep sea.
_______ /_______ n. 登山者 → 例句：Only brave _______ can climb Qomolangma.
_______ /_______ v. 存活；艰难度过 → 例句：Animals must adapt to _______ in deserts.
_______ /_______ adj. 有决心的 → 例句：The team was _______ to climb the mountain.
_______ /_______ v. 冒险 → 例句：People _______ their lives to explore nature.
_______ /_______ adj. 位于 → 例句：The reef is _______ on Australia’s coast.
二、词形变化
deep（adj. 深的）→ （n. 深度）；（adv. 深刻地）
high（adj. 高的）→ _______（n. 高度）
wide（adj. 宽的；广泛地）→ _______（n. 宽度）
long（adj. 长的）→ _______（n. 长度）
measure（v. 测量）→ （n. 测量结果）；（adj. 测量好的）
success（n. 成功）→ （adj. 成功的）；（adv. 成功地）
danger（n. 危险）→ _______（adj. 危险的）
curious（adj. 好奇的）→ _______（n. 好奇心）
三、重点短语
平方千米 → square _______ → 例句：The desert is 9 million ______________.
低于海平面 → below ______________ → 例句：The lake is 50 metres _______ ______________.
一点一点地 → bit _______ bit → 例句：They climbed up _____________________.
冒生命危险 → risk one’s _______ → 例句：He _______ his _______ to save the child.
位于 → be _______ on → 例句：The park ______________ on the city’s edge.
一生的梦想 → dream of a _______ → 例句：Visiting the reef is my ______________ a _______.
四、重点句型
某自然奇观位于某地，它的（面积 / 长度 / 高度）是……
例：The Sahara Desert _______（位于非洲）.
It ____________________________________（面积约 900 万平方千米）.
仿写：长江位于中国，它的长度约 6300 千米。
________________________________________________________.
________________________________________________________.
自然奇观是世界 / 中国 / 非洲最…… 的（山 / 湖 / 沙漠）。
例.Mount Qomolangma __________________________（是世界最高的山）.
仿写：贝加尔湖是世界最深的淡水湖。
________________________________________________________.
________________________________________________________.
询问某自然奇观有多（高 / 深 / 长 / 大）。
例：__________________（珠穆朗玛峰有多高） — It’s 8,848.86 metres high.
仿写：马里亚纳海沟有多深？
________________________________________________________.
________________________________________________________.
某自然奇观帮助（古文明 / 动物 / 人类）做某事。
例：The Nile River __________________（帮助古埃及文明发展）.
仿写：大堡礁帮助许多海洋动物生存。
________________________________________________________.
________________________________________________________.
某团队 / 探险者在某时间做某事（如攀登 / 潜水），目的是……
例：A Chinese team ___________________________（2020 年测量珠穆朗玛峰高度）.
仿写：中国 “奋斗者” 号 2020 年潜入马里亚纳海沟，目的是拍摄深海动物。
________________________________________________________.
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