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Unit 4 Helping out
话题 提供帮助、志愿服务与爱心行动
功能 能够用英语谈论计划与打算 能够表达善意、关心与安慰 能够描述志愿活动和公益行为 能够谈论帮助他人带来的影响与改变
单 词 1. virus n. 病毒 → ________ (adj.) 病毒的；病毒性的 - ________ 电脑病毒 2. bottle n. 瓶子 → ________ (adj.) 瓶装的 - ________ 一瓶水 3. exam n. 考试 → ________ (adj.) 考试的；测试的 - ________ 参加考试 4. sunshine n. 阳光 → ________ (adj.) 晴朗的；阳光充足的 - ________ 在阳光下 5. wheelchair n. 轮椅 → ________ (adj.) 坐轮椅的 - ________ 坐轮椅的男孩 6. crayon n. 彩色蜡笔 → ________ (v.) 用蜡笔画画 - ________ 用蜡笔画画 7. soldier n. 士兵，军人 → ________ (adj.) 军人的；军事的 - ________ 勇敢的士兵 8. college n. 大学；学院 → ________ (adj.) 大学的；学院的 - ________ 上大学 9. pocket n. 衣袋，口袋 → ________ (adj.) 小型的；袖珍的 - ________ 零花钱 10. flu n. 流感 → ________ (adj.) 流行性感冒的 - ________ 患流感 11. goodwill n. 好意，友善 → ________ (adj.) 善意的；友好的 - ________ 善意的行为 12. excuse v. 原谅 → ________ (n.) 借口；理由 - ________ 劳驾，打扰一下 13. donate v. 捐赠，捐献 → ________ (n.) 捐赠；捐献 - ________ 给……捐款 14. afford v. 买得起，负担得起 → ________ (adj.) 买得起的；经济上可行的 - ________ 买不起某物 15. mention v. 提到，说起 → ________ (n.) 提及；说起 - ________ 向某人提及某事 16. purple adj. 紫色的 → ________ (n.) 紫色 - ________ 一件紫色的裙子 17. against prep. 反对；紧靠；违反 → ________ (n.) 反对；对抗 - ________ 反对这项计划
短 语 1. aim to ________________________ 2. give up ________________________ 3. sign up ________________________ 4. wait for ________________________ 5. a bottle of ________________________ 6. throw away ________________________ 7. have the flu ________________________ 8. in danger ________________________ 9. be born with ________________________ 10. pocket money ___________________ 11. right away / at once _____________ 12. because of ________________________ 13. increase by… ___________________ 14. share…with… ____________________ 15. spread diseases _________________ 16. in need of help _______________ 17. go public ________________________ 18. give sb. a hand _____________ 19. make a difference ________________ 20. do housework _________________ 21. make up one's mind ________________ 22. be in great pain _____________ 23. so far / until now _________________ 24. by no means ______________________ 25. reduce sth. to pieces ______________ 26. excuse me ________________________
句 型 1. 到我伸出援手的时候了。 It is ______ for me to ______ mine. 2. 她为这家医院增色不少。 She's ______ colour ______ this hospital. 3. 我一定要做点什么。 There ______ be something for me to ______. 4. 恐怕你得画一只灰色的蝴蝶了。 I'm ______ you'll have to ______ a grey butterfly. 但涂色帮她熬过了这些艰难时刻。 But colouring has helped her ______ ______ it. 5. Leah计划为医院购买五百盒蜡笔。 Leah ______ to buy 500 ______ of crayons for the hospital. 6. 医院为年幼的病人提供了涂色书。 The hospital ______ colouring books ______ young patients. 7. 12年前，她向汶川伸出了援助之手。 She ______ ______ a helping hand to Wenchuan 12 years ago. 然后，一双有力的手向我伸来——我得救了。 Then, a pair of strong hands ______ ______ to me—I was saved. 8. 那时她和我一样，也是一个新护士，就像我一样！ At that time she was my ______, and also a new ______, just like me! 9. 爱催生爱，进而形成一个善意与仁慈的循环。 Love ______ to love, and so creates a ______ of goodwill and kindness. 10. 他们日夜争分夺秒地抢救尽可能多的人。 Day and night, they raced ______ time to save as ______ people as possible. 11. 候诊室里现在满是更快乐的孩子和更明亮的照片！ The waiting rooms are now ______ ______ happier kids and brighter pictures! 12. 在家人和朋友的帮助下，她举办了许多活动来筹集资金。 ______ the help of her family and friends, she ______ many activities to raise money.
语法 帮助他人
写作 表示帮助的情态动词
知识点
考点1 afford 的用法
◆基本用法
1. afford sth. 买得起某物
例句：I can’t afford this computer.
译文：我买不起这台电脑。
2. afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事
例句：We can’t afford to buy a new house.
译文：我们买不起新房子。
◆考点突破
1. The family was poor, so they couldn’t ______ a new bike.
A. afford B. spend C. pay D. cost
2. She is not rich enough to ______ to travel abroad.
A. come B. afford C. choose D. need
3. The old man is so poor that he can’t afford ______ food every day.
A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. bought
考点2 plan 的用法
◆基本用法
1. plan to do sth. 计划做某事
例句：They plan to visit the museum tomorrow.
译文：他们计划明天参观博物馆。
2. make a plan 制定计划
例句：Let’s make a plan for the trip.
译文：我们为这次旅行制定个计划吧。
◆考点突破
1. They plan ______ a birthday party for their mother.
A. have B. to have C. having D. had
2. We are making a plan ______ money for homeless people.
A. raise B. to raise C. raising D. raised
3. My classmates plan ______ some volunteers this weekend.
A. be B. to be C. being D. been
考点3 give up 的用法
◆基本用法
1. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
例句：You shouldn’t give up studying English.
译文：你不应该放弃学习英语。
2. give it up 放弃它（代词放中间）
例句：The work is hard, but don’t give it up.
译文：这项工作很难，但别放弃。
◆考点突破
1. Don’t give up ______ English. It’s very important.
A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned
2. The problem is too difficult. I want to ______.
A. give up it B. give it up C. give away it D. give it away
3. My father has given up ______ because it’s bad for his health.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
考点4 spread 的用法
◆基本用法
1. spread sth. 传播某物
例句：We should stop the virus from spreading.
译文：我们应该阻止病毒传播。
2. spread 过去式/过去分词同形：spread
例句：The news spread quickly around the school.
译文：这个消息在学校里迅速传开。
◆考点突破
1. We must do something to stop the disease from ______.
A. spread B. spreading C. to spread D. spreaded
2. The good news ______ quickly in the small town.
A. spread B. spreads C. spreading D. to spread
3. We should stop ______ rumors on the Internet.
A. spread B. spreading C. to spread D. spreaded
考点5 mention 的用法
◆基本用法
1. mention sth. to sb. 向某人提及某事
例句：He didn’t mention this problem to me.
译文：他没跟我提过这个问题。
2. Don’t mention it. 不客气（回答感谢）
例句：—Thank you! —Don’t mention it.
译文：—谢谢你！—不客气。
◆考点突破
1. —Thank you for helping me!
—______.
A. Don’t mention it B. That’s right C. Not at all D. A and C
2. Did he mention ______ to you
A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
3. He mentioned ______ the book in his letter.
A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads
考点6 offer 的用法
◆基本用法
1. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
例句：He offered to help me with my English.
译文：他主动提出帮我学英语。
2. offer sb. sth. 向某人提供某物
例句：They offered me a cup of tea.
译文：他们给我端了一杯茶。
◆考点突破
1. The kind man offered ______ the old man carry the bag.
A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped
2. The school often offers free books ______ poor students.
A. for B. to C. with D. at
3. They offered ______ a helping hand to the homeless people.
A. give B. to give C. giving D. gave
考点7 against 的用法
◆基本用法
1. be against 反对
例句：Most of us are against the plan.
译文：我们大多数人反对这个计划。
2. against the wall 靠墙
例句：Put the ladder against the wall.
译文：把梯子靠墙放。
◆考点突破
1. Most students are ______ the new school rule.
A. for B. against C. to D. at
2. He put the desk ______ the wall.
A. on B. against C. in D. over
3. Swimming ______ the river is dangerous.
A. across B. against C. through D. over
语法点
◆表示推测的情态动词
一、may / might 表推测
★ 用途：表达“可能发生某事、某人可能做某事”。
★ 可能性差异：might 表示的可能性比 may 更小。
★ 例句：
- Bring a map because you may want to travel around. 带张地图，因为你可能想四处转转。
- There may be a few showers, so bring an umbrella with you. 可能会有阵雨，所以随身带把伞吧。
- Take your swimming clothes because you might want to go swimming in the sea. 带上游泳衣吧，说不定你想到海里游泳呢。
二、can / could 表推测
★ 核心用法：除“能够、可以”外，可表示对现在或将来的推测，意为“会、可能”。
★ 句式与可能性差异：
- can 表推测时，多用于否定句和疑问句；疑问句中，can 比 could 可能性更大；否定句中，cannot (can’t) 表示“不可能”。
- could 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句，表“可能”。
★ 例句：
- You can’t be serious! 你不是认真的吧！（表“不可能”）
- He could be in pain. 他可能很疼。
- That could be harmful! 那可能有害！
- Can / Could this be true 这有可能是真的吗？
三、must 表推测
★ 用途：表示猜测，意为“一定、肯定”，语气强烈，通常只用于肯定句。
★ 例句：
- Betty, you must know! Betty，你肯定知道！
- It must be your brother. I saw him in your room just now. 肯定是你哥哥，我刚才看见他在你的房间里。
四、must / can’t / can 表推测对比
★ 询问可能性：用 Can it be... 表示“会是……吗？”
★ 肯定推测：用 It must be... 表示“肯定是……”，语气强烈。
★ 否定推测：用 It can’t be... 表示“不可能是……”。
★ 例句对比：
—Who sent the present Can it be your brother 是谁送来的礼物啊？会是你哥哥吗？（询问可能性）
—It must be your brother. I saw him in your room just now. 肯定是你哥哥，我刚才看见他在你的房间里。（强烈肯定）
—It can’t be my brother. He is still in France. 不可能是我哥哥，他还在法国呢。（否定推测）
◆考点突破
1. It ______ be rainy later. The sky is getting dark.
A. must B. may C. can’t D. need
2. —Is that your teacher over there
—It ______ be her. She has gone to Beijing.
A. must B. might C. can’t D. could
3. The light is on in the office. Someone ______ be working there.
A. can B. must C. may not D. need
4. —Whose notebook is this
—It ______ belong to Tom. His name is on the cover.
A. can’t B. must C. might D. could
5. You ______ be tired after the long walk. Let’s have a rest.
A. can B. must C. might not D. needn’t
6. —Will it be sunny tomorrow
—I’m not sure. It ______ rain.
A. must B. can’t C. might D. should
7. That ______ be true! I don’t believe it at all.
A. must B. can’t C. may D. could
8. The road is wet. It ______ have rained last night.
A. must B. can C. might not D. need
9. —______ this be your lost key
—Oh, yes! Thank you so much!
A. Must B. Can C. Should D. Need
10. He hasn’t called me back. He ______ be busy with work.
A. can’t B. must C. might D. should
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