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(共20张PPT)
B3U3
Using language
Compare and answer the questions.
c I guess someone has asked you about the title of your book before.
d People have used new inventions like 3D printers to make replacement hearts and bone parts.
1. What is the difference between the two groups of sentences
2. Why does the author choose to use the passive form instead of the active form in the reading passage
Present perfect passive
a I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.
b New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.
Activity 1
To emphasise what has been done, rather than who or what performs the action.
Translate
这个实验做得很成功。
The experiment has been done successfully. （肯定句）
汤姆的小说还没有被出版。
Tom’s novel has not been published. （否定句）
他的自行车修好了吗
Has his bike been repaired （一般疑问句）
谁受到了邀请
Who has been invited （特殊疑问句）
Present perfect passive
以下情况一般使用被动语态：
1. 不知道或者没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：
这类图书是为儿童编写的。
Such books have been written for children.
2. 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：
这些产品都经过测试了。
All these products have been tested.
Present perfect passive
以下情况一般使用被动语态：
3. 动作的执行者很模糊。例如：
这封信被人拆开了。
The letter has been opened.
4. 有时为了礼貌的需要，避免说出动作的执行者。例如：
已经有人多次跟他们说别那么大声了。
They have been told many times not to make noises.
Present perfect passive
Rewrite the underlined parts using the present perfect passive.
Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. It has already affected many things in our lives, right down to the food we eat. For instance, some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers. But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine. They have made human body parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technology. And it is not just humans who are benefiting – in Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
Activity 2
Present perfect passive
Rewrite the underlined parts using the present perfect passive.
Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. It has already affected many things in our lives, right down to the food we eat. For instance, some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers. But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine. They have made human body parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technology. And it is not just humans who are benefiting – in Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
Activity 2
Many things in our lives have already been affected, …
Present perfect passive
Rewrite the underlined parts using the present perfect passive.
Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. It has already affected many things in our lives, right down to the food we eat. For instance, some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers. But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine. They have made human body parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technology. And it is not just humans who are benefiting – in Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
Activity 2
3D-printed hamburgers have been served to customers in some restaurants in London.
Present perfect passive
Rewrite the underlined parts using the present perfect passive.
Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. It has already affected many things in our lives, right down to the food we eat. For instance, some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers. But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine. They have made human body parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technology. And it is not just humans who are benefiting – in Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
Activity 2
But perhaps the most significant success that has been achieved to date is in medicine.
Present perfect passive
Rewrite the underlined parts using the present perfect passive.
Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. It has already affected many things in our lives, right down to the food we eat. For instance, some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers. But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine. They have made human body parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technology. And it is not just humans who are benefiting – in Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
Activity 2
Human body parts, including a beating heart, have been made with 3D printing technology.
Present perfect passive
Rewrite the underlined parts using the present perfect passive.
Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. It has already affected many things in our lives, right down to the food we eat. For instance, some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers. But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine. They have made human body parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technology. And it is not just humans who are benefiting – in Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
Activity 2
A new 3D-printed shell has been given to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
Present perfect passive
Imagine you are Dr. Moore. Look at the pictures and tell the police about the damage and loss to your lab. Use the present perfect passive where appropriate.
Activity 3
Word bank: apparatus实验设备 beaker烧杯 test tube试管 file文件
Present perfect passive
Activity 3
The window has been broken.
My two laptops have been stolen.
Beakers(烧杯) and test tubes have been destroyed and chemicals have been spilled.
The bookcase has been opened, and some files have been taken away while others have been thrown everywhere.
The robot has been damaged.
The lock on the door has been broken.
Careers in science
What do they do
physicist
mathematician
chemist
astronomer
geographer
biologist
Activity 4
Learning to learn
Words about different careers in science can be formed by adding -er, -ist or -ian at the end of the words about subjects, e.g., biology - biologist.
Noun. -ist Noun. -ian
science
scientist
chemistry
geology
botany
zoology
chemist
geologist
batonist
zoologist
library
statistics
physics
history
music
librarian
statistician
musician
physician
historian
Careers in science
d
Guo Shoujing (1231-1316) was a famous Chinese 1. __________ of the Yuan Dynasty. He invented twelve new instruments to study stars and planets. He also developed a calendar which is as accurate as the Gregorian calendar(公历，格列高利历). A mountain on the Moon and a minor planet are named after him.
astronomer
British 2. ________ Charles Darwin (1809-1882) is best known for his work On the Origin of Species, in which he explains changes in species due to natural selection. His ideas deeply influence our understanding of the relationship between humans and nature.
biologist
Activity 5
Careers in science
Li Daoyuan (CA 466-527) was a famous writer and 3. ___________ of the Northern Wei Dynasty. He did field research across China and studied more than a thousand rivers and streams, along with the landscape, history and culture of the surrounding areas.
geographer
Marie Curie (1867-1934) was a world-famous 4. ________ and was first awarded the Nobel Prize in 1903 for her extraordinary work on radioactivity. She was also regarded as a brilliant 5. ________, and was again awarded the Nobel Prize in 1911 for the isolation of pure radium（镭）.
physicist
chemist
Activity 5
Careers in science
Chen Jingrun (1933-1996) was one of the world’s leading 6. _____________. His work on Chen’s Theorem (陈氏定理) made an important advance towards proving Goldbach’s Conjecture (哥德巴赫猜想), the greatest unsolved problem in number theory.
mathematician
Activity 5
Careers in science
Work in pairs. Talk about careers in science that interests you most.
I’m interested in the work of a(n)… because…
Activity 6
Useful expressions
以……命名
自然选择
实地调查
周围区域
放射性
分离；隔离
一流的
取得……进步
未解决的问题
name after sb./sth.
natural selection
field research / field trip
surrounding areas
radioactivity --> radioactive vs. radiant
isolation
leading
make an advance towards (doing) sth.
unsolved problem

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