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(共70张PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Using language
必 备 知 识 自 测
____________ /dI z v/ v.应得,应受到
[核心单词·练通]
deserve
[拓展单词·用活]
1.____________ /I sen ( )l/ adj.极其重要的,必不可少的→essentially adv.本质上,根本上
2.____________ /Im pres/ v.使钦佩,使留下深刻印象→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的→impression n.印象
essential
impress
[阅读单词·识记]
grin /ɡrIn/ v._________________
露齿而笑,咧着嘴笑
[重点短语·再现]
1.________________讲得通,有道理
2.________________搭建;张贴;提高
3.________________(希望、愿望等) 实现, 成为现实
4.long face _______________
5.laughing stock _______________
6.crack a smile _______________
7.practical joke _______________
make sense
put up
come true
愁眉苦脸
笑料,笑柄
笑了起来
恶作剧
核 心 考 点 突 破
1.essential adj.极其重要的,必不可少的;本质的,基本的,根本的(只作前置定语) n.[usually pl.]要素,要点,实质;必需品
教材原文　Which sentences contain a clause with essential information and which with extra information 　哪些句子含有一个具有必要信息的从句 哪些句子含有具有额外信息的从句
感知　语言先输入
①Initially,it is essential that you practise strokes and letters while watching a demo video or with a copybook.(建议信)
②With our society developing rapidly,lifelong learning is essential and vital for us.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)be essential for/to...对……来说是重要的
It is essential (for sb) to do sth
(对某人来说) 做某事是极其必要的。
It is essential that...
……是必要/至关重要的。(that从句要用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”的形式,should可省略)
(2)essentially adv.本质上,根本上
运用　单句语法填空/一句多译
①A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential ____________walking in the dark.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
②A good and harmonious environment at home is essential for a child ____________(grow) healthy.
③There are three ____________(essential) different ways of tackling the problem.
④你必须早点从游乐园回家。
→_________________________ home early from the amusement park.
→_________________________ home early from the amusement park.
for/to
to grow
essentially
It is essential that you (should) come
It is essential for you to come
2.impress v.使钦佩,使留下深刻印象
教材原文　Watson is pleased with his answer which he thinks will impress Holmes.
华生对于他自己的回答感到满意,他认为他的回答会给福尔摩斯留下深刻的印象。
感知　语言先输入
①We students are impressed by/with the comfortable learning environment in the Spoken English Club.
②We also appreciated the finest arts ranging from Beijing Opera to the Irish songs,which left a deep impression on me.(活动报道)
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)impress sth on/upon sb使某人铭记……;使某人明白(重要性或程度)
impress sb with sth=be impressed by/with sth
某物给某人留下深刻印象
what impressed sb most was sth/that... 让某人印象最为深刻的是……
(2)impression n. 印象
leave/make/have a(n)...impression on sb给某人留下……的印象
(3)impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的;感人的
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级
①Cats have many heightened senses,but their sense of smell is quite ____________________(impress).(2024·全国甲卷)
②Father impressed the importance of working hard ____________me.
③During 2024 Paris Olympic Games,Chinese athletes struggled to compete for medals,which ____________________________________.
2024年巴黎奥运会期间,中国运动员奋力争夺奖牌,给我留下了深刻印象。
impressive
on/upon
left a deep impression on me
④I’m impressed ____________his famous philosophy of life:“Be the first to worry about the troubles across the land,the last to enjoy universal happiness.”(2023·全国甲卷)
→____________________________________ is his famous philosophy of life:“Be the first to worry about the troubles across the land,the last to enjoy universal happiness.” (用主语从句改写)
by/with
What impresses me most
3.deserve v.应得,应受到
教材原文　We all deserve a second chance,I guess.　我想,我们都应该有第二次机会。
感知　语言先输入
①All the students came to realize that everyone wants and deserves to be treated with respect,dignity and warmth.(建议信)
②Feeling she didn‘t deserve the prize,she had a sleepless night for the first time in her life with a sense of guilt rising inside her.(心理描写)
记牢　知识再梳理
deserve to do　　　　　　 值得做/应该做……
deserve doing/to be done 值得被做
deserve consideration/attention/praise 值得考虑/注意/表扬
运用　单句语法填空/一句多译
①Mary deserves ________________(achieve) the goal of entering a key university with her constantly making efforts.
②由于许多野生动物逐渐灭绝,当前形势值得注意。(倡议书)
→With many wild animals gradually dying out,the present situation ___________________________________________________________.
→With many wild animals gradually dying out,the present situation ___________________________________________________________.
→With many wild animals gradually dying out,the present situation ___________________________________________________________.
to achieve
deserves attention
deserves paying attention to
deserves to be paid attention to
4.make sense讲得通,有道理;易于理解,表述清楚
教材原文　If you take away the clauses,do the sentences still make sense
如果你去掉这些从句,这些句子仍然讲得通吗
感知　语言先输入
①He doesn’t talk much,but what he says makes sense.
②No matter how I read this sentence,it doesn’t make any sense to me.(求助信)
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)sth makes sense to sb　　某事为某人所理解
It makes sense to do sth 做某事是明智的
(2)make sense of 理解,弄懂(不易理解的事物)
运用　单句语法填空/词汇升级
①It makes sense ____________(eat) a reasonably balanced diet when you are slimming.
②This scientific theory made sense ________me,as it is broken down into simpler parts that I could understand.
③Not until he explained twice did I understand the symbolic meaning of the Chinese painting.
→Not until he explained twice did I ____________________the symbolic meaning of the Chinese painting.
to eat
to
make sense of
语 法 知 识 过 关
Grammar—Non-defining attributive clauses
非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 功能
关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句
关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句
“名词/代词+介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的用法比较 形式不同
先行词不同
关系词的使用情况不同
一、非限制性定语从句
1.功能
非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明,与主句或先行词之间一般用逗号隔开,常常单独翻译。如果将其去掉,主句意思仍然完整。
2.关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句
[先感知]
①The next to go was Captain Oates,who was having great difficulty walking.
②The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore,which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.
③During their first day,as is typical of Vancouver,it rained.
④The Impressionists’ vision inspired a whole new generation of Post-Impressionist painters such as Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin,whose works are also displayed at the Musée d’Orsay.[会发现]　句①关系代词who指代先行词______________________, 作____________语;句②关系代词which指代先行词_______________, 作___________语;句③关系代词as指代_________________________,
作____________语;句④关系代词whose指代先行词____________,作____________语。
Captain Oates
主
history
主
整个主句
主
painters
定
[明规则]　关系代词有as、which、who、whom、whose等,作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语。当先行词指人时,通常使用who、whom、whose来引导;当先行词指物时,通常使用which、whose来引导。关系代词不可以省略。另外,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
[名师点津]　由as、which引导的非限制性定语从句,as和which可指代整个主句或主句所表达的整个意思,相当于and this或and that,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有:
(1)as引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。
(2)as后常接expect、know、report、say、see等动词的主、被动语态句,有“正如,就像”之意;which常翻译为“这一点”。
(1)用适当的关系代词填空
①She is very patient,____________ is shown in her work.
②Leo Nielsen’s childhood was a difficult one,but he had one particular shining star in his life—his uncle,__________ was a well-known actor.
③These industries,in turn,give jobs to the local population, ____________ welfare depends on tourism.
④Mr.Smith,____________ you spoke to,is our new professor.
as/which
who
whose
who/whom
(2)完成句子
①________________________,he is an international grand-master, ____________________ I will learn from one of the game’s best.
众所周知,他是一位国际级的大师,这意味着我将向这项运动的顶尖选手之一学习。
②Here is the house,__________________________________________.
I hope you can help to remove them.
这就是那所屋顶长满杂草的房子。我希望你能帮忙拔除。
As is known to all
which means
whose roof is covered with weeds
③The library,_______________________________________________,
is renowned for its rare collections.
这座图书馆因其珍贵藏品而闻名,这份手稿正是从这里借出的。
which the manuscript was borrowed from
3.关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句
[先感知]
①At the age of 21,when Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge,physicians discovered he had a rare,slow-progressing form of ALS.
②Finally,if you are looking for something off the beaten track,you may visit Cape Breton Island in the province of Nova Scotia,where you can dance to fiddle tunes and enjoy the cultures and traditions of Celtic settlers.
[会发现]　句①中关系副词when指代先行词____________________,作时间状语;句②中where指代先行词_________________________, 作地点状语。
[明规则]　当先行词指时间或地点时,用when、where引导非限制性定语从句,在定语从句中作状语。why不引导非限制性定语从句,但可用for which代替。
At the age of 21
Cape Breton Island
完成句子
①More nature-centred tourist attractions,______________________
_____________________,can be greatly impacted or even destroyed by the flood of tourists.
更多以自然为中心的旅游景点,人和自然和谐共处,可能会受到大量游客的严重影响甚至破坏。
②We‘ll put off the outing until next week,______________________.
我们将把郊游推迟到下星期,那时我们不忙。
where man and nature
live in harmony
when we won’t be busy
4.“名词/代词+介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句
[先感知]
①And possibly the best proof of a successful adaptation is the James Bond series,the majority of which has been adapted from the 007 novels of Ian Fleming.
②Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered.
[会发现]　句①和句②中均有“代词+介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,分别修饰先行词____________________和____________________,关系代词在从句中作____________语,which指代物,whom指代人。
[明规则]　此类结构常见的有some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most/the largest...of which/whom等形式。
James Bond series
malaria patients
宾
(1)选词填空:which/whom
①Luckily,we brought a map,without ____________we would have lost our way.
②Mr.Smith,from ____________I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist.
which
whom
(2)完成句子
①The critic,__________________________________________(这本书受到其高度赞扬), is known for her discerning taste.
②John was good at English,Chinese and French,_________________
_____________________________ (这三种语言他都讲得非常流利).
by whom the book was highly praised
all of which he
spoke fluently
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的用法比较
1.形式不同
[先感知]
①You are also somebody who worries about getting sick.
②SARS was examined by scientists,who were confused by this new disease and wanted to learn more about it and its causes.
[会发现]　句①和句②均使用关系代词who引导定语从句,句②中who前有____________,句①没有。
[明规则]　限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号;非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。
逗号
2.先行词不同
[先感知]
①These frogs,in turn,feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.
②In 1967,an American sociologist called Stanley Milgram tried using a new method to test the theory,which he called the “small-world problem”.
③In the same year,gold was discovered near San Francisco,which started a gold rush.
[会发现]　句①中which引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词____________;句②和句③中which均引导非限制性定语从句,分别修饰先行词________________和________________________。
[明规则]　限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词,也可以是整个主句。
insects
the theory
整个主句
3.关系词的使用情况不同
(1)指代先行词不同
[先感知]
①There is a long list of reasons why so many species are dying out:air and water pollution,forests being destroyed,factory farming and overfishing.
②According to the old stories,Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he committed a murder,for which he got into trouble.
[会发现]　句①中why引导限制性定语从句,作原因状语,指代先行词____________;句②for which引导非限制性定语从句,相当于________________,作原因状语。
[明规则]　that、why不可用于引导非限制性定语从句,指物时要用which代替that,for which代替why。
reasons
for the reason
(2)关系代词替代情况不同
[先感知]
①I also had a friend whom (=who/that) I trusted a lot.
②In November,a cold,unseen stranger,whom the doctors called Pneumonia,arrived in Greenwich Village.
[会发现]　句①whom引导限制性定语从句,作宾语,指代a friend,可用________________替换;句②whom引导非限制性定语从句,作宾语,不可被替换。
who或that
[明规则]　
①关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替,但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。
②在限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时可以用that引导,但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时,关系代词只能用who(作主语时)或whom(作宾语时)。
She has a younger brother,who is an English teacher.
她有一个弟弟,他是一名英语老师。
(3)关系代词省略情况不同
[先感知]
①The only possessions (which/that) I could see were one broom,a few saucers,a kettle,cups,pans,and a couple of jars.
②One of these scenes is shown in the famous piece Blue Water Lilies,which I studied for quite a while in the gallery.
[会发现]　句①中which或that引导限制性定语从句,作宾语时可____________________;句②中which引导非限制性定语从句作宾语,不可____________。
省略
省略
[明规则]　关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略,而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。
(1)单句语法填空
①After everyone concerned was seated,there was a ceremony of raising the national flag,____________ made us excited.
②In our class there are 50 students,half of ___________ wear glasses.
(2)写出下列句子中which指代的内容
①I will never forget this experience,in which I gained friendship. _____________
②When queuing at the ticket checkpoint,she thought she’d forgotten the tickets,which panicked her husband too.______________________
which
whom
this experience
she’d forgotten the tickets
课 时 测 评 作 业
基础语境练
素能提升练
[基础语境练]
Ⅰ.　单句语法填空(每小题1分,共7分)
1.The government has carried out several new plans, _____________ benefits are various and obvious.
2.I have been to many big cities,all of ________have left a deep impression on me.
3.We’re going to host a national food festival,________________ you can sample every kind of delicious cuisine.
whose
which
when
4.________________ is the case with the original painting in the Louvre Paris,the digital Mona Lisa is the star attraction.
5.Sea ice,________________ polar bears spend much of their lives,is melting faster than experts predicted it would.
6.Mr Smith,to ________________the car belongs,lends it to his friend generously.
7.His niece is a dynamic girl,________________ likes to travel in minority areas or territories off the beaten track.
As
where
whom
who
Ⅱ.　语法与单句写作(每小题2分,共12分)
1.Luckily,we brought a map,___________________________________
(否则我们就迷路了).
2.We learned a text about Tu Youyou in class,____________________
________________________________(她的发现挽救了无数的生命).
3.Try to smile when you speak,_________________________________
(这会让你放松).
without which we would have lost our way
whose discovery
saved countless lives
which will help you relax
4.________________________________________ (正如我们所见), the presence of a first aid kit is crucial in public places.
5.The volunteers,___________________________________________ (绝大多数是大学生), are willing to help the old.
6.Let’s fix a date for our appointment,___________________________
(到时我们将谈论这件事).
As we can see
most of whom are college students
when we will discuss the matter
Ⅲ.　语法与语篇填空(每小题2分,共20分)
Nat,1.________________ was ten years old,lived in a small town in England. He always stayed in England for his holidays, 2.______________ one day he decided to go to Spain, 3.____________ all his friends liked to go for their holidays.First he went to Madrid, 4.____________________ is the capital of Spain,and stayed in a small hotel.On the first morning,he went out for a walk.In England,people drive on the left.But in Spain,they drive on the right, 5.___________
who
but
where
which
which
he forgot.6.________________ he was walking along a busy street,a bike 7.________________ came before him knocked him down.Nat was sent to the hospital,in 8.________________ the girl 9.________________ rode the bike said sorry to him.After two days,Nat left Spain and returned to England.He told his friends that he wouldn’t forget the days 10.________________ he stayed in Spain.
While
which/that
which
who/that
when
[素能提升练]
阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共17.5分)
A
Humour Dictionary
Observational humour is based on comments (评论) about everyday edians who use this type of humour often start by saying,“Have you ever noticed how... ”Then,they make funny comments about everyday things such as work,marriage,children, etc.This trend began in the 1970s with US comedians such as Bill Cosby and Jay Leno.
Slapstick humour is very physical.It involves (包含) characters falling down,hitting people or crashing into things.This type of comedy is very common in cartoons such as Tom and Jerry,Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck.Typical comedians,such as Laurel,Hardy (from The Three Stooges),Charlie Chaplin,Rowan Atkinson are people’s favourites.
Self-deprecating humour involves making jokes about yourself or drawing attention to your faults.George Costanza from the comedy series Seinfeld uses a lot of self-deprecating humour,often making jokes about his lack of hair,his weight and his shallow personality (肤浅的个性).Comedians such as Chris Farley,Conan O’Brien,David Letterman and Woody Allen also use self-deprecating comedy.
Toilet humour often focuses on the noises and functions of the body.It’s often viewed as rude,impolite and childish,although many people find it very funny.There’s a hilarious scene involving toilet humour in the film Along Came Polly.Reuben (Ben Stiller) is invited back to Polly’s apartment(Jennifer Aniston).After dinner,Reuben accidentally blocks the toilet.In an attempt to unblock it,he uses her hand-embroidered towel (a gift from her grandmother) and an expensive loofah.Eventually,the toilet overflows,leaving Reuben with no option but to leave.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文,介绍了四种幽默。
1.What kind of humour is about comments on everyday things
A.Self-deprecating humour.
B.Slapstick humour.
C.Observational humour.
D.Toilet humour.
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知,观察性幽默是基于对日常生活的评论。
√
2.Which of the following belongs to self-deprecating humour
A.George often teased himself about his bald head.
B.Bill Cosby often made funny comments on children.
C.Laurel often fell down on stage,and broke the microphone.
D.Tom made a thundering noise when he went to the toilet.
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知,“乔治经常取笑自己的秃头”属于self-deprecating humour。
√
3.If you are interested in toilet humour,you can go to see________.
A.Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck
B.Tom and Jerry
C.The Three Stooges
D.Along Came Polly
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“There’s a hilarious scene involving toilet humour in the film Along Came Polly.”可知,如果你对厕所幽默感兴趣,你可以去看Along Came Polly。
√
B
With the sudden breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) of the last year has come,for those of us in the writing trade,a sudden realization:the robots have come for us,at last.
Writing is how we do our best thinking—as Joan Didion observed,“I don’t know what I think until I write it down”—and thinking is what makes us human.Granted,we’ve already off-loaded some of our thinking to machines:the calculator,for example.But something is lost even here.What happens when we no longer rely on our own thoughts to address more complex problems
Probably it won’t come to that,or not yet.The most sophisticated works of AI still fall well short of the best human writing.They are clever,but obvious.They are capable,just,of humour,but not (the new Turing test ) of making you laugh.Ambiguity is beyond them,as are those incomprehensible leaps of intuition we call genius.
And of course the whole world of authentic flesh-and-blood human experience—emotions,memories,pleasures,pains—is closed to them.At best they can produce an image of them,and while that’s true of many human writers,too,it is not hard to spot it.The technology is still in_its_infancy.In a few years,we may no longer be able to tell the difference.What then
Even if AI comes to excel us at all types of writing,we may yet be saved by a kind of comparative advantage:it will still make sense for the AI to specialize at what it is “most best” at.The best writing may be produced neither entirely by computer nor by humans,but by the two combined,harnessing the relative strengths of either.For however it is produced,some writing will always be better than other writing.It may be possible to teach a computer to write,but only a human can feel the pleasure of reading.Or the pain.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了人工智能(AI)在写作领域的突然突破对人类写作工作者的潜在影响,以及作者对此现象的看法和预测。
4.What does the author think of works of AI
A.Straightforward and simple.
B.Complex and humorous.
C.Funny and attractive.
D.Plentiful and emotionless.
解析　细节理解题。根据文章第四段“And of course the whole world...human writers,too,it is not hard to spot it.”可知,作者认为人工智能作品有内容但是没有感情,故选D项。
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5.What makes works produced by humans different from those by computers
A.The unique style. B.The clear expression.
C.The mixed emotion. D.The authentic language.
解析　推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The most sophisticated works of AI...incomprehensible leaps of intuition we call genius.”以及文章第四段“And of course the whole world of...human writers,too,it is not hard to spot it.”可知,复杂的情感使人类创作的作品与计算机创作的作品不同,故选C项。
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6.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.AI is not superior to human writers.
B.AI will definitely appreciate the joy of creation.
C.AI and human writers are not mutually exclusive.
D.AI will eventually own its specific way of expression.
解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,作者认为AI写作不太可能长时间内取代人类写作或阻止我们阅读人类作品,从而暗示AI并不优于人类作家,故选A项。
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7.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.What Difficulty Writing Will Face
B.Will the Pen Be Mightier than AI
C.How AI Will Change the Future of Writing
D.Will AI and the Pen Integrate Together
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解析　标题归纳题。根据文章第一段“With the sudden breakthroughs in artificial...robots have come for us,at last.”以及全文内容可知,文章要讨论了人工智能(AI)在写作领域的突然突破对人类写作工作者的潜在影响,提出AI的发展可能威胁到人类写作工作者的地位,又分析了AI在写作方面的局限性、人类写作的独特性和优势等,认为即使AI在技术上超越人类,人类写作仍具有不可替代的价值。选项B“笔会比人工智能更强大吗 ” 提出了一个关于人类写作(笔)与AI之间力量对比的疑问,这与文章讨论的核心问题——AI是否会取代人类写作工作者——非常吻合,故选B项。

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